Yuri Trifonov was born on August 28, 1925 in Moscow into the family of a Bolshevik, party and military figure, Valentin Andreevich Trifonov.

His father went through exile and hard labor, participated in an armed uprising in Rostov, in the organization of the Red Guard in Petrograd in 1917, in the civil war, in 1918 he saved the gold reserves of the republic and worked in the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court. The father was for the future writer a real model of a revolutionary and a man. Trifonov's mother, Evgenia Abramovna Lurie, was a livestock specialist, then an engineer-economist. Subsequently, she became a children's writer - Evgenia Tayurina.

Father's brother, Evgeny Andreevich, commander and hero of the Civil War, was also a writer and published under the pseudonym E. Brazhnev. Grandmother T.A. Slovatinskaya, a representative of the “old guard” of the Bolsheviks, lived with the Trifonov family. Both mother and grandmother had a great influence on the upbringing of the future writer.

In 1932, the Trifonov family moved to the Government House, which, more than forty years later, became known to the whole world as "The House on the Embankment", thanks to the title of Trifonov's story. In 1937, the writer's father and uncle were arrested, who were soon shot (uncle - in 1937, father - in 1938). For a twelve-year-old boy, the arrest of his father, in whose innocence he was sure, became a real tragedy. Yuri Trifonov's mother was also repressed and was serving a sentence in Karlag. Yuri and his sister with her grandmother, evicted from the apartment of the government house, wandered and lived in poverty.

With the outbreak of war, Trifonov was evacuated to Tashkent, and in 1943 he returned to Moscow. "The son of an enemy of the people" could not enter any university, and got a job at a military factory. Having received the necessary work experience, in 1944, still working at the factory, he entered the Literary Institute. Trifonov said about his admission to the Literary Institute: “Two school notebooks with poems and translations seemed to me such a solid application that there could not be two opinions - I would be accepted to a poetry seminar. I will become a poet... In the form of an appendage, completely optional, I added to my poetic creations a short story, twelve pages long, under the title - unconsciously stolen - "The Death of a Hero" ... A month passed, and I came to Tverskoy Boulevard for an answer. The secretary of the correspondence department said: “Poems are so-so, but the chairman of the selection committee, Fedin, liked the story ... you can be accepted into the prose department.” A strange thing happened: the next minute I forgot about poetry and never wrote from it again in my life! At the insistence of Fedin, Trifonov was later transferred to the full-time department of the institute, from which he graduated in 1949.

In 1949, Trifonov married an opera singer, soloist of the Bolshoi Theater Nina Alekseevna Nelina. In 1951, Trifonov and Nelina had a daughter, Olga.

Trifonov's graduation work, the story "Students", written by him in the period from 1949 to 1950, brought him fame. It was published in the literary magazine Novy Mir and was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1951. The writer himself later treated his first story coldly. Despite the artificiality of the main conflict (an ideologically orthodox professor and a cosmopolitan professor), the story carried the rudiments of the main qualities of Trifonov's prose - the authenticity of life, the comprehension of human psychology through the ordinary.

In the spring of 1952, Trifonov went on a business trip to the Karakum, to the route of the Main Turkmen Canal, and for many years the fate of Yuri Trifonov as a writer was connected with Turkmenistan. In 1959, a cycle of stories and essays "Under the Sun" appeared, in which for the first time the features of Trifonov's own style are indicated. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Trifonov wrote the stories "Bakko", "Points", "The Loneliness of Klych Durda" and other stories.

In 1963, the novel Quenching Thirst was published, the materials for which he collected at the construction of the Turkmen Canal, but this novel did not satisfy the author himself, and in the following years Trifonov was engaged in writing sports stories and reports. Trifonov loved sports and, being a passionate fan, enthusiastically wrote about him.

Konstantin Vanshenkin recalled: “Yuri Trifonov lived in the mid-fifties on Upper Maslovka, near the Dynamo stadium. I started going there. He added (football jargon) for CDKA for personal reasons, also because of Bobrov. On the podium, he met hardened Spartak players: A. Arbuzov, I. Shtok, then a beginner football statistician K. Yesenin. They convinced him that Spartak was better. Rare case".

For 18 years, the writer was a member of the editorial board of the journal "Physical Culture and Sport", wrote several scripts for documentaries and feature films about sports. Trifonov became one of the Russian founders of the psychological story about sports and athletes.

The rehabilitation of Valentin Trifonov in 1955 made it possible for Yuri to write the documentary story “The Flame of the Fire” based on the surviving archive of his father. This story about the bloody events on the Don, published in 1965, became the main work of Trifonov in those years.

In 1966, Nina Nelina died suddenly, and in 1968, Alla Pastukhova, editor of the "Flaming Revolutionaries" series of Politizdat, became Trifonov's second wife.

In 1969, the story "Exchange" appeared, later - in 1970 the story "Preliminary Results" was published, in 1971 - "Long Farewell", and in 1975 - "Another Life". These stories were about love and family relationships. In the focus of Trifonov's artistic searches, the problem of moral choice constantly arose, which a person is forced to make even in the simplest everyday situations. During the period of Brezhnev's stagnation, the writer managed to show how an intelligent, talented person (the hero of the story "Another Life" historian Sergei Troitsky), who does not want to sacrifice his own decency, suffocates in this poisonous atmosphere. Official criticism accused the author of the absence of a positive beginning, that Trifonov's prose stands "on the sidelines of life", far from great achievements and the struggle for the ideals of a "bright future".

The writer Boris Pankin recalled Yuri Trifonov: “It so happened that after my article“ Not in a circle, in a spiral ”, published in the magazine“ Friendship of Peoples ”in the late 70s, Yuri Valentinovich Trifonov every new thing, large or small in terms of volume, brought me with an autograph, and even in manuscript, as happened, for example, with the novel "Time and Place". At that time, these new things went so thickly with him that one day I could not resist and asked with a feeling of healthy, white, according to Robert Rozhdestvensky, envy, how did he manage to give such masterpieces to the mountain one after another with such iron regularity. He looked at me thoughtfully, chewed his full negro lips - which he always did before engaging in dialogue - touched his round horn-rimmed glasses, straightened the buttoned collar of his shirt without a tie and said, beginning with the word "here": "Here, you heard, perhaps a saying: every dog ​​has its hour to bark. And it quickly passes ... "

In 1973, Trifonov published the novel "Impatience" about the People's Will, published in Politizdat in the "Fiery Revolutionaries" series. There were few censored notes in Trifonov's works. The writer was convinced that talent is manifested in the ability to say whatever the author wants to say, and not be mutilated by censorship.

Trifonov actively opposed the decision of the secretariat of the Writers' Union to remove from the editorial board of the "New World" its leading employees I.I. Vinogradov, A. Kondratovich, V. Ya. Alexander Tvardovsky, for whom Trifonov had the deepest respect.

In 1975, Trifonov married the writer Olga Miroshnichenko.

In the 1970s, Trifonov's work was highly appreciated by Western critics and publishers. Each new book was quickly translated and published.

In 1976, the magazine "Friendship of Peoples" published Trifonov's story "The House on the Embankment", one of the most notable poignant works of the 1970s. In the story, Trifonov made a deep psychological analysis of the nature of fear, the nature and degradation of people under the yoke of a totalitarian system. Justification by time and circumstances is characteristic of many Trifonov's characters. The author saw the causes of betrayal and moral decline in the fear in which the whole country was immersed after the Stalinist terror. Turning to various periods of Russian history, the writer showed the courage of a person and his weakness, his greatness and meanness, not only at breaks, but also in everyday life. Trifonov matched different different eras, arranged a “face-to-face confrontation” with different generations - grandfathers and grandchildren, fathers and children, discovering historical echoes, trying to see a person at the most dramatic moments of his life - at the moment of moral choice.

For three years, "The House on the Embankment" was not included in any of the book collections, while Trifonov, meanwhile, worked on the novel "The Old Man" about the bloody events on the Don in 1918. "The Old Man" appeared in 1978 in the magazine "Friendship of Peoples".

The writer Boris Pankin recalled: “Yuri Lyubimov staged “Master and Margarita” and “House on the Embankment” almost simultaneously at the Taganka. The VAAP, which I was then in charge of, immediately ceded the rights to stage these things in the interpretation of Lyubimov to many foreign theater agencies. To all who wish. On the table of Suslov, the second person in the Communist Party, immediately lay a "memo" in which the VAAP was accused of promoting ideologically vicious works to the West.

There, - Mikhalandrev (such was his "underground" nickname), reasoned at a meeting of the secretariat of the Central Committee, where I was called, looking into an anonymous letter, - naked women fly around the stage. And this play, like hers, "Government House" ...

“The house on the embankment,” one of the assistants thoughtfully suggested to him.

Yes, “Government House,” Suslov repeated. - They decided to stir up the old for something.

I tried to reduce the case to jurisdiction. They say that the Geneva Convention does not provide for the refusal of foreign partners in the assignment of rights to the works of Soviet authors.

They will pay millions in the West for this,” Suslov snapped, “but we don’t sell ideology.

A week later, a brigade of the party control committee headed by a certain Petrova, who had previously achieved Len Karpinsky's expulsion from the party, raided the VAAP.

I told Yuri Valentinovich about this when we sat with him over bowls of scalding soup-piti in the Baku restaurant, which was on what was then Gorky Street. “The eye sees, but the tooth is numb,” Trifonov said, either consoling me, or questioning me, after chewing his lips in accordance with his custom. And he turned out to be right, because Petrova was soon sent into retirement "for exceeding her powers."

In March 1981, Yuri Trifonov was hospitalized. On March 26, he underwent surgery - a kidney was removed. On March 28, in anticipation of his rounds, Trifonov shaved, ate, and took the Literary Gazette for March 25, where an interview with him was published. At that moment, a blood clot broke off, and Trifonov died instantly from a pulmonary thromboembolism.

Trifonov's confessional novel "Time and Place", in which the history of the country was transmitted through the fate of writers, was not published during Trifonov's lifetime. It was published after the writer's death in 1982 with significant censorship exceptions. The cycle of stories “The Overturned House”, in which Trifonov spoke about his life with undisguised farewell tragedy, also saw the light after the death of the author, in 1982.

The writer himself defined the novel "Time and Place" as a "novel of self-consciousness." The hero of the novel, the writer Antipov, is tested for moral stamina throughout his life, in which the thread of fate is guessed, chosen by him in different eras, in various difficult life situations. The writer tried to bring together the times that he himself witnessed: the end of the 1930s, the war, the post-war period, the thaw, the present.

Creativity and personality of Trifonov occupy a special place not only in Russian literature of the 20th century, but also in public life.

In 1980, at the suggestion of Heinrich Böll, Trifonov was nominated for the Nobel Prize. The chances were very high, but the death of the writer in March 1981 crossed them out. Posthumously in 1987, Trifonov's novel "Disappearance" was published.

Yuri Trifonov was buried at the Kuntsevo cemetery.

About Yuri Trifonov, a documentary film "About you and me" was shot.

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Text prepared by Andrey Goncharov

Used materials:

– Olga Romanovna, how did you meet Yuri Trifonov?

- Oddly enough, the first meeting took place when I was still going to kindergarten, and Trifonov passed by every day to work. I remember him thanks to the black case-tube, in which there was a wall newspaper. In those days, he was a simple worker, a pipe drawer at a military factory, and at the same time edited a wall newspaper. I couldn't know this. And we met in the restaurant CDL. In those years, there was a wonderful atmosphere, inexpensive and tasty. Yuri Valentinovich used to visit this restaurant. He was quite famous, already released "Glare of the fire." Trifonov looked at me gloomily and angrily. Then he explained that he was annoyed by my happy appearance.

The novel proceeded dramatically, we converged and dispersed. It was difficult for me to leave my husband, it would be better if we lived poorly with him. The feeling of guilt was so heavy that it poisoned the first months of my life with Yuri Valentinovich. A visit to the registry office for the divorce procedure was also hard for him. I saw this and said: "Okay, God bless him, not yet." But I was pregnant, and soon we got married. He lived in an apartment on Sandy Street, which he loved very much. It seemed to me very miserable, but I understood that he would have to be picked out of it, like a Japanese samurai. Once a guest from America came to us and remarked: “Losers live in such an apartment.”

Was it difficult to live with a famous writer?

- With him - surprisingly easy. A very tolerant person who does not pretend to someone else's living space. He had an amazing sense of humor, was surprisingly funny, we laughed at times to the point of Homeric fits. And then, he was so trained in the housework: to wash the dishes, and to run to the store for kefir. True, I spoiled him rather quickly - it’s not good to drive Trifonov himself to the laundry! Then there was a fashionable word "somewhere", and somehow I began to snatch the plates from his hands, which he was going to wash, and he said: "Stop, somewhere I like it."

- In the diaries and workbooks of Trifonov, which came out with your comments, I read that in the sixties he had to do odd jobs, get into debt.

“The debts were big. Then friends helped. The playwright Alexei Arbuzov often lent money. Financially, life was not easy, and at times it was just hard. “Sometimes I reached a ruble, don’t be afraid, it’s not scary,” he once told me, too, at a difficult moment.

Was he easy on money?

- I remember that his relative came to us, who was going to Spain. She said that she would go to work in the vineyards, buy jeans for her son and husband. Yuri followed me into the kitchen and asked: “Olya, do we have currency in our house? Give it to her." "All?" "Everything," he said firmly. When we were abroad, he always warned: "We must bring gifts to all relatives and friends, the fact that we are here with you is already a gift."

- Yuri Trifonov was already famous when he wrote "The House on the Embankment". And it seems to me that this story alone is enough for literary glory. And yet at that time it was not easy to break through such a book.

– The history of the publication of the story is very complicated. "House on the Embankment" was published in the magazine "Friendship of Peoples" only thanks to the wisdom of the editor-in-chief Sergei Baruzdin. The book, which included both "Exchange" and "Preliminary Results", did not include the story. Markov spoke with sharp criticism at the writers' congress, who then went to Suslov for reinforcements. And Suslov uttered a mysterious phrase: “We all then walked on the edge of a knife,” and this meant permission.

- Did you know Vladimir Vysotsky?

- Yes, we met at the Taganka Theater. Trifonov loved Vysotsky, admired him. For him, he was always Vladimir Semyonovich, the only person whom he, who could not bear "Brezhnev's" kisses, could hug and kiss at a meeting. We saw that a very smart and educated person was hiding behind the appearance of a shirt-guy. Once we celebrated New Year in one company. One thousand nine hundred and eightieth - the last in the life of Vysotsky. Our neighbors in the country have collected stars. There was Tarkovsky, Vysotsky with Marina Vladi. People who loved each other tenderly felt somehow disunited. Everything is like in cotton wool. It seems to me that the reason was too luxurious food - a big meal, unusual for those times. The food was humiliating and divisive. After all, many then were simply in poverty. Tarkovsky was bored and entertained himself by filming a dog with a Polaroid from strange angles. We were sitting next to Vladimir Semyonovich, I saw a guitar in the corner, I really wanted him to sing. I awkwardly flattered him: "It would be nice to call Vysotsky, he would sing." And suddenly he very seriously and quietly said: "Ol, but no one here, except you, wants this." It was true.

- Tell me, did Yuri Valentinovich have enemies?

- Rather, envious people. “Wow,” he wondered, “I live in the world, and someone hates me.” Vengefulness was considered the worst human quality. There was such a case. In the magazine "New World" lay his story "The Overturned House". One of the chapters describes our house, drunk movers basking in the sun outside the Diet store. And when Yuri Valentinovich came to the "Diet" for an order, he was asked to go to the director. “How could you? There were tears in the director's voice. “I’m going to be fired for this!” It turned out that one writer was not too lazy to come to the store and tell that the whole country would soon read about the movers. After this story, Trifonov refused to go for orders, however, he was always embarrassed to stand in a special queue, he did not like privileges. Never asked for anything.

“Even when I was seriously ill...

“He had kidney cancer, but he didn’t die from that. Surgeon Lopatkin brilliantly performed the operation, death occurred as a result of a postoperative complication - embolism. It's a thrombus. At that time, there were already the necessary medicines and filters that trap blood clots, but not in that hospital. There was not even analgin. I begged to be transferred to another, wore expensive French perfume, money. Spirits were taken, envelopes were pushed away.

“Couldn’t the operation have been done abroad?”

- Can. When Yuri Valentinovich was on a business trip to Sicily, he was examined by a doctor. He said that he did not like the tests, and offered to go to the clinic. I learned all this later. When I was told the diagnosis in Moscow, I went to the secretariat of the Writers' Union to get Trifonov's international passport. “Where will you get the money for the operation?” they asked me. I replied that we have friends abroad who are ready to help. In addition, Western publishers signed contracts with Trifonov for a future book, without even asking for a title. “There are very good doctors here,” they told me and refused to issue a passport.

They buried according to the usual Litfond category at the Kuntsevo cemetery, which was then deserted. On the pillow they carried his only order - the Badge of Honor.

Newspapers reported the date of Yuri Trifonov's funeral after the funeral. The authorities feared unrest. The central house of writers, where the civil memorial service took place, was surrounded by a dense police ring, but the crowds still came. In the evening, a student called Olga Romanovna and said in a trembling voice: “We, students of Moscow State University, want to say goodbye ...” “Already buried.”

Interviewed by Elena SVETLOVA

Every year more and more performers appear on TV screens, on stages. Someone tries himself in the genre of cinematography, but when faced with difficulties, he quits it. And someone is fighting for the title of being recognized by the audience, and he succeeds. One of such successful and diligent people is Kirill Trifonov. This is a young aspiring actor, stand-up comedian.

Kirill Trifonov: biography

Despite the fact that our hero carefully concealed his date and year of birth, we still managed to find out that he was born on April 1, 1988. He was born in the city of Moscow. After graduating from school, he entered Lyceum No. 1560 "Leader". Then he continued his studies at the State Academy for Water Transport of Moscow, at the Faculty of Economics and Management. In 2014 he graduated.

In addition to acting abilities, Kirill Trifonov sings very well, is an excellent screenwriter. Yes, and just a ringleader. Together with two friends, and Shuliko Alexander, he came up with one of the popular YouTube channels called "What a Show". Here, young guys offer small humorous dramatizations. The number of views of each video is approximately five million. This suggests that their topic is relevant and in demand. I must say that Denis, Alexander and Kirill have been friends since 2008. Then they were members of one of the successful KVN teams.

In all endeavors, Kirill Trifonov is supported by his beloved wife, Daria Sukhanova. And the one-year-old son Vasya is looking forward to his dad from the tour.

Kirill Trifonov: filmography

In addition to humorous and musical activities, Kirill is actively involved in acting. To date, he has starred in such series as:

• "CHOP", which was released in 2015-2016.
• "Police weekdays" (2012).
• "Real boys" (since 2010).

He is also a screenwriter for the TV series "CHOP" and "Police Weekdays".

Many viewers highly appreciated the skill of Cyril and are his fans.

Afterword

When asked why their group is called Khleb, their friends answered this way: “Bread in English is bread. This word is similar to the Russian “nonsense.” And the songs are humorous, crazy. That’s why “Bread”.

In one of the interviews, Kirill Trifonov told how their rapping career began. After all, in fact, they have no musical education. Denis Kukoyaka was the only one close to music among them. Actively taking a great interest in American rap, it was he who introduced his friends to musical culture.

In their works, the group sings about friendship and love, about animals and about the relationship of people to each other. Choosing topics for the next works, they set themselves a taboo - never touch on "dirty" topics.

When Cyril sings, the audience noticed that he was screaming all the time. Trifonov explained this by saying that he had a vile voice and he could only scream.

Trifonov Yury Valentinovich
Born: August 28, 1925
Died: March 28, 1981 (aged 55)

Biography

Yuri Valentinovich Trifonov - Russian Soviet writer, master of "urban" prose. He was one of the main figures in the literary process of the 1960s and 1970s in the USSR.

A family

Yuri Trifonov's father is a revolutionary, chairman of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR Valentin Andreevich Trifonov; was shot on March 15, 1938. Mother - livestock specialist, then engineer-economist and children's writer Evgenia Abramovna Lurie (1904-1975; literary pseudonym - E. Tayurina).

In 1937-1938 Yuri Trifonov's parents were repressed. Together with his sister Tinga (married Tatyana Valentinovna Trifonova), the future writer was brought up by his grandmother, Tatyana Alexandrovna Lurie (nee Slovatinskaya, 1879-1957), in her youth she was a professional revolutionary, a participant in the Civil War; during the Great Patriotic War, together with his grandmother and sister, he lived in evacuation in Tashkent. Grandfather - Menshevik underground worker Abram Lurie (1875-1924); his brother - Aron Luria, publicist, one of the organizers of the Social Democratic "Working Banner"; cousin - Soviet politician Aron Solts.

The writer's paternal uncle is Yevgeny Trifonov (pseudonym - E. Brazhnov; 1885-1937); his son (cousin of Yuri Trifonov) is the defector writer Mikhail Demin (real name - Georgy Evgenievich Trifonov; 1926-1984), the author of several collections of poetry and autobiographical prose.

Biography. Creation

Even at school he became interested in literature, was the editor of class newspapers, composed poems and stories. In 1942-1945 he worked at an aircraft factory, first as a mechanic, then as a shop manager. There he joined the Komsomol. In the spring-autumn of 1945 he edited the factory newspaper. In 1944-1949 he studied at the A. M. Gorky Literary Institute. All the years of study he attended seminars of K. A. Fedin, who noticed him, published stories in the newspaper Moskovsky Komsomolets. In 1948, two stories by a young writer were published - "Familiar Places" (in the magazine "Young Collective Farmer") and "In the Steppe" (in the almanac "Young Guard", No. 2). Yury Trifonov's thesis work - the story "Students" (1950), written in the manner of traditional socialist realism, published in the leading literary magazine of the USSR "New World", awarded the Stalin Prize of the third degree and immediately brought wide fame to the author - was dedicated to the young post-war generation. However, literally six months after the success of the debut, Trifonov was almost expelled from the institute (more precisely, he was almost expelled from the Komsomol, since he had already graduated from the institute by that time; as a result, he got off with only a reprimand - Yu. V. Trifonov, "Notes of a Neighbor" , 1972) for not indicating in the questionnaire the fact of his father's arrest. In the future, the author himself spoke coldly about his first book, although he did not refuse it.

After the success of his debut book, Trifonov began to collect materials for its continuation, but the warm welcome that Alexander Tvardovsky initially gave him in his journal turned into coldness: Tvardovsky advised Trifonov to start writing stories. The second half of the 1950s - the beginning of the 1960s became a troubled time in the writer's creative biography. In 1959, a cycle of stories and essays “Under the Sun” was published, and in 1963, after a trip to Turkmenistan, Trifonov published the novel Quenching Thirst four times, which, despite being nominated for the Lenin Prize, was a great success. did not become an achievement of the writer. Then Trifonov publishes numerous stories on sports topics; in 1966-1969 - the stories "Vera and Zoyka", "In the Mushroom Autumn", etc., the story "The Reflection of the Fire" (1967). In The Flare of the Fire, Trifonov first touched on a topic that later became one of the main ones in his work: understanding the revolution and its consequences for the country and people, although the main motive of the book was the justification of the rehabilitated father of the writer.

In 1969, the story "Exchange" was published, then "Preliminary Results", "Long Farewell", "Another Life", "House on the Embankment" (1970-1976). Unofficially, they were combined into the cycle "Moscow Tales". The Exchange and Preliminaries are set in the late 1960s, The Long Goodbye are set in the early 1950s, and The Other Life and Waterfront House stretch from the 1930s into the 1970s. years. The stories actually presented the reader with a new Trifonov: wise, sad, vigilantly seeing real human dramas in everyday life and the little things of life, able to subtly convey the spirit and trends of the times.

But it was The House on the Embankment that brought the greatest fame to the writer - the story described the life and customs of the inhabitants of the government house of the 1930s, many of whom, having moved into comfortable apartments (at that time, almost all Muscovites lived in communal apartments without amenities, often even without toilets, used a wooden riser in the yard), directly from there they fell into Stalin's camps and were shot. The writer's family also lived in the same house. But there are discrepancies in the exact dates of residence. “In 1932, the family moved to the famous Government House, which, more than forty years later, became known to the whole world as “The House on the Embankment” (after the title of Trifonov’s story).” In his diary entries, Yuri Trifonov repeatedly mentions his childhood friend Lyova Fedotov, who also lived in this famous house.

In 2003, a memorial plaque was installed on the house: “The outstanding writer Yuri Valentinovich Trifonov lived in this house from 1931 to 1939 and wrote the novel House on the Embankment about it.”

Trifonov's prose is often autobiographical. Its main theme is the fate of the intelligentsia during the years of Stalin's rule, understanding the consequences of these years for the morality of the nation. Trifonov's stories, speaking almost nothing directly, in plain text, nevertheless, with rare accuracy and skill, reflected the world of the Soviet city dweller of the late 1960s - mid-1970s.

The writer's books, which were published in small circulations by the standards of the 1970s (30-50 thousand copies), were in great demand, readers signed up in a queue in libraries for magazines with publications of his stories. Many of Trifonov's books were photocopied and distributed in samizdat. Almost every work of Trifonov was subjected to close censorship and was hardly allowed to be published.

On the other hand, Trifonov, considered the extreme left flank of Soviet literature, outwardly remained a quite successful officially recognized writer. In his work, he in no way encroached on the foundations of Soviet power. So it would be a mistake to classify Trifonov as a dissident.

Trifonov's writing style is unhurried, reflective, he often uses retrospective and changing perspectives; The main emphasis of the writer is on a person with his shortcomings and doubts, refusing any clearly expressed socio-political assessment.

V. Kazak "Lexicon of Russian literature of the XX century"

In 1973, the novel about the People's Will "Impatience" was published, in 1978 - the novel "The Old Man". They can be combined into a conditional trilogy, the beginning of which was laid by the "Bonfire Glow". "The Old Man", whose hero, an old participant in the Civil War, rethinks youth and sums up life, has become one of the most significant works of fiction in Soviet literature about the first post-revolutionary years. As always with Trifonov, the history in The Old Man is connected with the present by thousands of invisible threads, the narration imperceptibly and freely “slips” into different time layers.

In 1981, Trifonov completed the complex, multifaceted novel Time and Place, the structure of which was worked out in detail by the writer back in 1974. This book, one of the most autobiographical by the prose writer, received tepid reviews from critics of those years: the author was accused of "insufficient artistry", repeating the past. At the same time, "Time and Place" can rightly be called Trifonov's final novel, summing up his work, farewell to youth, a sober look into the face of his own illusions and hopes, tough, sometimes even cruel introspection. The novel takes place over four decades - the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s and 1970s.

In 1987, the novel Disappearance was published posthumously.
Yuri Trifonov died on March 28, 1981 from a pulmonary embolism. He was buried in Moscow at the Kuntsevo cemetery.

By the time his main works were published in the 1970s, the appearance of the “Trifon school” was also linked. He took care of literary youth, in particular, Alexander Prokhanov emphasized his influence on himself.

Personal life

The first wife of Yuri Trifonov (1949-1966) - opera singer (coloratura soprano), soloist of the Bolshoi Theater Nina Nelina (real name - Ninel Alekseevna Nurenberg; 1923-1966), daughter of the famous artist Amshey Nurenberg (1887-1979), niece of the artist David Devinov (real name - David Markovich Nurenberg; 1896-1964). In 1951, Yuri Trifonov and Nina Nelina had a daughter, Olga - married Olga Yuryevna Tangyan, candidate of philological sciences, now living in Dusseldorf.

The second wife (since 1968) is the editor of the Fiery Revolutionaries series of the Political Literature Publishing House of the Central Committee of the CPSU Alla Pastukhova.

The third wife (since 1975, the actual marriage is the writer Olga Miroshnichenko (born 1938; her first husband is the translator from Estonian Gennady Muravin, the second is the writer Georgy Berezko). Their son is Valentin Yuryevich Trifonov (born 1979).

Bibliography

Collected works in four volumes. - M.: "Fiction", 1985-1987.
Selected works in two volumes. - M.: "Fiction", 1978.
Students. - M.: "SP", 1951; Magadan, 1952; Kursk, 1952; "SP" and "MG", 1953; Omsk, 1954; M., 1956; M., 1960.
Under the sun. Stories. - M.: "Soviet writer", 1959.
At the end of the season. Stories. - M .: "Physical culture and sport", 1961.
Quenching thirst. - M.: "Fiction", 1963; 1964; 1965; 1967; 1970; "Profizdat", 1979.
Bonfires and rain. Stories. - M.: "Soviet Russia", 1964.
Torches on Flaminio. Stories and essays. - M., 1965.
Firelight. Documentary essay. - M.: "Soviet writer", 1966.
Cap with a large visor. Stories. - M.: "Soviet Russia", 1969.
Games at dusk. Stories and essays. - M .: "Physical culture and sport", 1970.
Stories and novels. - M.: "Fiction", 1971.
Long goodbye. Leads and stories. - M.: "Soviet Russia", 1973.
Impatience. - M.: Politizdat, 1973; 3rd ed. - 1974; 4th ed. "Soviet writer", 1988.
Long lessons. - M.: "Soviet Russia", 1975.
Another life. - M.: "Soviet writer", 1976.
Exchange. Play. - M., 1977.
Tales. - M.: "Soviet Russia", 1978.
Another life. Leads and stories. - M.: Izvestia, 1979.
Old man. - M.: "Soviet writer", 1979.
Old man. Another life. - M.: "Soviet writer", 1980.
Impatience. Old man. - M.: Izvestia, 1983.
Another life. Firelight. - M.: "Soviet writer", 1983.
How our word will respond. Publicism. - M.: "Soviet Russia", 1985.
Eternal themes. Novels, novels and short stories. - M.: "Soviet writer", 1985.
Time and place. Novels and short stories. - M.: Izvestia, 1988.
Disappearance. Old man. Firelight. - M,: "Moscow worker", 1988.
Firelight. Disappearance. - M.: "Soviet writer", 1988.
Endless games. Film story, stories, essays, articles. - M .: "Physical culture and sport", 1989.
Firelight. Old man. - M.: Izvestia, 1989.
Disappearance. Time and place. Old man. Novels. - M.: "Contemporary", 1989.

Awards and prizes

Stalin Prize of the third degree (1951) - for the story "Students" (1950)
Order of the Badge of Honor (1975)
Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"

Screen adaptations

1966 - Quenching Thirst (Turkmenfilm; dir. Bulat Mansurov) - novel of the same name

1977 - What the tribunes do not know about (almanac of short film novels: "Alyosha's acquaintance", "Telegram", "Victory is awarded ..."; Film Studio named after M. Gorky; dir. Yakov Bazelyan) - based on stories

Yuri Valentinovich Trifonov - Soviet writer, master of "urban" prose. Born August 28, 1925 in Moscow in the family of a professional revolutionary and children's writer. The parents were repressed when the boy was twelve years old, and he became the “son of the enemy of the people” at school and subsequently could not enter any university. For this reason, immediately after school, he began to work. He was a mechanic at the plant, later the editor of a large-circulation newspaper, a dispatcher in the shop. In 1944, he nevertheless entered the Literary Institute, where he studied until 1949.

One of the first stories, "Familiar Places" and "In the Steppe", appeared in print in 1948. However, fame came to him with the release of the novel "Students" (1950). Since 1952, he linked his fate with Turkmenistan, and devoted many stories to this country. So, in 1959, the cycle of stories "Under the Sun" was published, and in 1963 - the novel "Quenching Thirst". This work was nominated for the Lenin Prize. After returning from Turkmenistan, Trifonov wrote many sports stories.

Since 1969, he has released several stories, among them "The Exchange", "The House on the Embankment", "Another Life" and some others. All of them were unofficially included in the Moscow Tales cycle. The novel "The House on the Embankment", which took place in a government house in the 1930s, brought the greatest popularity to the writer. Since 2003, a memorial plaque in honor of Trifonov has been installed on this building. Many of the writer's works were autobiographical. They told about the life of the intelligentsia during the reign of Stalin. Yu.V. Trifonov died on March 28, 1981 in Moscow.

Was born Yuri Trifonov in the family of a Bolshevik, a major party and military figure, Valentin Andreevich Trifonov. Father's brother, Yevgeny Andreevich, a hero of the Civil War, published under the pseudonym E. Brazhnev (apparently, Yuri Trifonov inherited a gift for writing from him). Together with the Trifonov family lived grandmother T. A. Slovatinskaya (on her mother’s side, E. A. Lurie), a representative of the “old guard” of the Bolsheviks, infinitely devoted to the cause of Lenin-Stalin and wavering along with the party line. Both mother and grandmother had a great influence on the upbringing of the future writer.
In 1932, the family moved to the famous Government House, which, after more than forty years, became known to the whole world as " waterfront house"(according to the title of Trifonov's story).
In 1937 there were arrested father and writer's uncle who were soon shot (uncle - in 1937, father - in 1938). The mother of Yuri Trifonov was also repressed (she was serving a sentence in Karlag). Children (Yuri and his sister) with their grandmother, evicted from the apartment of the government house, wandered and lived in poverty. But the grandmother did not change her beliefs, having lived to a ripe old age, even after the 20th Congress of the CPSU, when the rehabilitation of the innocently convicted began.

Yuri Trifonov's literary debut

Since the beginning wars Trifonov was evacuated to Tashkent When he returned to Moscow in 1943, he entered a military factory. In 1944, still working at the plant, he entered the correspondence department Literary Institute, later transferred to full-time. Attended a creative seminar led by venerable writers K. G. Paustovsky and K. A. Fedin, which was later reflected in Memories of the Pangs of Silence (1979).
He began to write very early, almost at the "moth age", he continued to write in the evacuation and upon his return to Moscow. He sent his poems and short stories to his mother in the camp. They were connected by love, trust and some kind of transcendent closeness.
Diploma work of Trifonov, the story " students”, written in 1949-1950, unexpectedly brought fame. It was published in the leading literary magazine Novy Mir and awarded the Stalin Prize (1951). The writer himself later treated his first story coldly. And yet, despite the artificiality of the main conflict (an ideologically orthodox professor and a cosmopolitan professor), the story carried the rudiments of the main qualities of Trifonov's prose - the authenticity of life, the comprehension of human psychology through the ordinary. In the 1950s, apparently, they expected that the successful laureate would continue to exploit this topic, write the novel Postgraduates, etc.

Yuri Trifonov's approach to history

But Trifonov practically fell silent (in the late 1950s and early 1960s, he wrote mainly stories: “Bakko”, “Points”, “The Loneliness of Klych Durda”, etc.).
In 1963, the novel " Thirst quencher”, materials for which he collected in Central Asia at the construction of the Great Turkmen Canal. But the author himself was not completely satisfied with this novel. And again, years of silence, except for sports stories and reports. Trifonov was one of the founders of the psychological story about sports and athletes.

The main work of Trifonov in those years was the documentary story " Campfire reflection"(1965) - a story about the father (Don Cossack), about the bloody events on the Don. For the writer, the father was the embodiment of a man of ideas, wholly devoted to the revolution. The romance of that turbulent era, despite all its cruelty, still prevails in the story. A restrained story about real facts is accompanied by lyrical digressions (Trifon's lyricism is inextricably linked with the image of passing time, changing the face of the world). In the action, which unfolds either in 1904 (the year my father joined the Bolshevik Party), or in 1917 or 1937, the thickness of time, its multilayeredness, is exposed.
The post-Stalin thaw was replaced by a new onset of cold weather, and the story miraculously slipped through the crack of the censorship-slammed door into the literature of truth. Silent times have come.

Trifonov again turned to history. Novel " Impatience” (1973) about the Narodnaya Volya, published in Politizdat in the series “Fiery Revolutionaries”, turned out to be a serious artistic study of social thought in the second half of the 19th century. through the prism of the people. Allusions became Trifonov's main literary device. Perhaps it was he, of all the "legal" authors of his time, who was under the closest attention of censorship. But oddly enough, there were few censorship cuts in Trifonov's works. The writer was convinced that talent is manifested in the ability to say whatever the author wants to say, and not be mutilated by censorship. But this requires the highest mastery of the word, the utmost capacity of thought and boundless trust in the reader. The reader of Trifonov, of course, fully justified this trust: several thousand letters were preserved in his archive, which testified that in Russia in the 1970s - 1980s. there was a huge layer of thinking, educated people who thought both about the fate of man and the fate of the Motherland.

"Moscow Tales" by Yuri Trifonov

Trifonov was born and lived in Moscow all his life. He loved, knew and tried to understand his city. Perhaps that is why the critics called the cycle of his urban stories “Moscow”. In 1969, the first story of this cycle appeared " Exchange”, which also included “Preliminary Results” (1970), “Long Goodbye” (1971) and “Another Life” (1975). It became clear that the writer Trifonov had reached a new level.

These stories told about love and family relationships, quite trivial, but at the same time very characteristic, nakedly recognizable. However, the reader not only recognized his life with its universal joys and tragedies, but also acutely felt his time and his place in this time. In the focus of Trifonov's artistic searches, the problem of moral choice constantly arose, which a person is forced to make even in the simplest everyday situations. During the period of the thickening density of Brezhnev's timelessness, the writer managed to show how an intelligent, talented person (the hero of the story "Another Life" historian Sergei Troitsky), who does not want to sacrifice his own decency, suffocates in this poisonous atmosphere. Official criticism accused the author of pettiness, lack of a positive beginning and, in general, that Trifonov's prose stands "on the sidelines of life", far from great achievements and the struggle for the ideals of a brighter future.

But Trifonov faced another struggle. He actively opposed the decision of the secretariat of the Writers' Union to withdraw from the editorial board of Novy Mir, whose long-term author was the writer, its leading employees I. I. Vinogradov, A. Kondratovich, V. Ya. Lakshin, knowing full well that, first of all, , this is a blow to the editor-in-chief of the magazine A. T. Tvardovsky for whom Trifonov had the deepest respect and love.
Residents of the House on the Embankment
Being a man of courage, Trifonov stubbornly continued to stand "on the sidelines of life", placing his heroes in the "Procrustean bed of everyday life" (as the articles about his work in the central newspapers were called), stubbornly did not spare "his own", to which he attributed himself - an intellectual of 1960 -s.

Already in the 1970s, Trifonov's work was highly appreciated by Western critics and publishers. Each new book was quickly translated and published in an impressive, by Western standards, circulation. In 1980, at the suggestion of Heinrich Böll, Trifonov was nominated for the Nobel Prize. The chances were very high, but the death of the writer in March 1981 crossed them out.

In 1976, Trifonov's story " waterfront house”, one of the most notable poignant works of the 1970s. The story gave the deepest psychological analysis of the nature of fear, the nature of the degradation of people under the yoke of a totalitarian system. “Those were the times, even if they don’t say hello to times,” thinks Vadim Glebov, one of the “anti-heroes” of the story. Justification by time and circumstances is characteristic of many Trifonov's characters. Trifonov emphasizes that Glebov is driven by motives that are as personal as they bear the stamp of the era: the thirst for power, supremacy, which is associated with the possession of material wealth, envy, fear, etc. The author sees the reasons for his betrayal and moral decline not only in fear that his career might be interrupted, but also in fear, in which the whole country was immersed, muzzled by Stalin's terror.

Trifonov's comprehension of history and man

Turning to various periods of Russian history, the writer showed the courage of a person and his weakness, his vigilance and blindness, his greatness and meanness, not only at its breaks, but also in everyday everyday whirlwind. “Because everything consisted of the small, of the insignificant, of everyday rubbish, of what descendants cannot see with any vision and imagination.”
Trifonov constantly matched different different eras, arranged a “face-to-face confrontation” with different generations - grandfathers and grandchildren, fathers and children, discovering historical echoes, trying to see a person at the most dramatic moments of his life - at the moment of moral choice.

In each of his subsequent works, Trifonov, it would seem, remained within the already artistically mastered circle of themes and motives. And at the same time, he perceptibly moved deeper, as if “drawing up” (his word) what had already been found. Oddly enough, Trifonov did not turn out to be weak, passing things, he, constantly increasing the power of his recognizable writing, became a true master of thoughts.

Fiery lava by Yuri Trifonov

Despite the fact that for three years The House on the Embankment was not included in any of the book collections, Trifonov continued to "push the boundaries" (his own expression). He worked on the novel The Old Man, which had long been conceived - a novel about the bloody events on the Don in 1918. The Old Man appeared in 1978 in the Friendship of Peoples magazine and appeared thanks to exceptional acquaintances and cunning of the magazine's editor-in-chief S. A. Baruzdin.

The protagonist of the novel, Pavel Evgrafovich Letunov, is answering to his own conscience. Behind him are "huge years", tragic events, the greatest tension of the revolutionary and post-revolutionary years, the fiery flow of historical lava that swept away everything in its path. A disturbed memory returns Letunov to the experience. He again solves the question that haunts him for many years: was Commander Migulin really a traitor (the real prototype of F.K. Mironov). Letunov is tormented by a secret sense of guilt - he once answered the investigator's question that he admits Migulin's participation in the counter-revolutionary rebellion and thereby influenced his fate.

The latest works of Yuri Trifonov

deepest, most Trifonov's confessional novel "Time and Place", in which the history of the country was comprehended through the fate of writers, was rejected by the editors and was not published during his lifetime. It appeared after the death of the writer in 1982 with very significant censorship exceptions. Was rejected by the "New World" and the cycle of stories " overturned house”, in which Trifonov, with undisguised farewell tragedy, spoke about his life (the story also saw the light after the death of its author, in 1982).
Trifonov's prose acquired a new quality in the latest works, greater artistic concentration and, at the same time, stylistic freedom. "Time and Place" the writer himself defined as "a novel of self-awareness." The hero, the writer Antipov, is tested for moral stamina throughout his life, in which the thread of fate is guessed, chosen by him in different eras, in various difficult life situations. The writer tried to bring together the times that he himself witnessed: the end of the 1930s, the war, the post-war period, the thaw, the present.
Self-consciousness becomes the dominant feature in the cycle of stories “The Overturned House”, in the center of Trifonov’s attention are eternal themes (this is the name of one of the stories): love, death, fate. The usually rather dry Trifon narration here is lyrically colored, tends to be poetic, while the author's voice sounds not only open, but confessional.

Creativity and personality of Trifonov occupy a special place not only in Russian literature of the 20th century, but also in public life. And this place is still unoccupied. Trifonov, helping to comprehend the time flowing through all of us, was a person who made us look back at ourselves, depriving someone of spiritual comfort, helping someone to live.