Improving the activities of police officers at the present stage involves not only raising the level of psychological culture of law enforcement specialists, but also a special organization of psychological service in the bodies (divisions, institutions) of internal affairs. Psychological work in the internal affairs department is currently regulated by the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated September 2, 2013 No. 660 “On approval of the Regulations on the basics of organizing psychological work in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation”.

According to the order, psychological work in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation is carried out:

1. In subdivisions of the central office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, operational bureaus of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, special-purpose centers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as well as in other organizations and divisions created to perform tasks and exercise the powers assigned to the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, stationed in Moscow ( with the exception of those subordinate to the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia), - psychologists of departments for work with personnel, officials with a higher (postgraduate) psychological (in the specialties "Psychology", "Psychology of official activity", "Clinical psychology") or medical (by specialty "Psychiatry") education, which in accordance with the established procedure is entrusted with the duties of conducting psychological work, and in their absence - by psychologists, determined by the Department of Public Service and Personnel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

2. In the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the district, regional (including subordinate organizations) and district levels, the linear departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for railway, water and air transport, educational, research, medical and sanatorium organizations of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, district departments of material and technical supply of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as well as in other organizations and divisions that are created to perform the tasks and exercise the powers vested in the internal affairs bodies (with the exception of those stationed in Moscow), by psychologists of the named divisions, and in the case of their absence - determined by the DGSK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia by psychologists of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the regional level, educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the place of their deployment.

3. In the subdivisions specified in subparagraphs 1 and 2 of this list, with employees appointed to positions by the President of the Russian Federation, the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, deputies of the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation - psychologists determined by the DGSK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

To carry out their professional activities, psychologists are provided with offices equipped with the necessary furniture, communications and office equipment, psychological regulation rooms, as well as teaching aids, psychological tests and techniques, psychodiagnostic and psychocorrective devices.

Responsibility for the organization of psychological work is borne by the heads (chiefs), deputies (assistants) of the heads (chiefs) for work with the personnel of bodies, organizations, divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

The psychological service of the Department of Internal Affairs in the areas, types and content of work has its own specifics, which is determined by the purpose of its creation and the characteristics of its tasks. The goals of the psychological service of the internal affairs department are the organization of psychological support for the professional activities of employees, the prevention of emergencies among personnel, the formation of a favorable socio-psychological climate in teams, and the increase in the efficiency of operational and service activities of personnel.

These goals can be achieved by solving the following main tasks:

1. Ensuring the performance of operational and service tasks by employees of the internal affairs bodies and the formation of the moral and psychological readiness of personnel for activities in everyday and extreme conditions.

2. Determining the professional psychological suitability of persons employed in the internal affairs bodies and studying in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, employees transferred to other positions in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, predicting their psychological readiness to perform professional tasks.

3. The implementation of psychological support for the operational and service activities of the personnel of the internal affairs bodies, the conduct of psychological rehabilitation and the restoration of the professional performance of employees.

4. Formation of a favorable psychological climate in service (training) teams, carrying out social and psychological work in them, psychological counseling for employees and their families.

5. The implementation of professional psychological training of personnel, the provision of psychological assistance to employees of internal affairs bodies, educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Thus, in the work of a practical psychologist of the internal affairs department, two main areas of activity can be distinguished:

psychological support of work with personnel of internal affairs bodies;

psychological support for the operational and service activities of police officers;

The main activities of a practical psychologist of the Department of Internal Affairs are:

psychological diagnostics;

psychological examination;

psychological prevention;

psychological counseling;

· psychological correction;

· psychological propaganda and training;

At the same time, the organization of the work of a psychologist has its own specifics in form and content, due to the peculiarities and originality of the organization of the structural units of the psychological service of the internal affairs department.

So, the main goal of the psychologist of the center of psychological diagnostics is to conduct a psychodiagnostic examination to identify individuals with signs of mental maladaptation, determine the psychological readiness for service and study, and predict the success of an employee in professional activities. The content of the work of a CPD psychologist involves:

psychological examination of persons entering the service in the Department of Internal Affairs and studying at educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (the main stage of professional psychological selection);

psychological examination when accompanying the activities of employees in extreme conditions;

psychological examination during the movement of employees in the service with a change in the category of destination;

psychological examination when appointing employees to higher management positions;

psychological examination when employees are dismissed from service for health reasons.

The main goal of the activity of the psychologist of the body (subdivision) of internal affairs is the formation of a high level of psychological readiness of personnel to perform operational tasks based on ensuring their mental stability and the development of professionally important psychological qualities. The psychologist of the body (division) of internal affairs carries out a set of measures of the following content:

1. Conducts, in accordance with the established procedure, psychological examinations, special psycho-physiological studies using a polygraph, aimed at studying, analyzing and assessing the individual psychological characteristics of the personality of candidates for service in the internal affairs bodies, trainees, employees transferred to other positions in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia .

2. Carries out the study, analysis and assessment of the socio-psychological climate in service teams and the moral and psychological state of the personnel, conducts, as necessary (but at least once a year), socio-psychological studies and individual psychological examinations.

3. Provides psychological assistance to employees who are first employed in the internal affairs bodies, as well as those who graduated from educational institutions of higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in full-time education, in the process of their socio-psychological adaptation to the conditions of operational activities.

Selection and appointment of employees to positions, taking into account their individual psychological characteristics of personality and group compatibility.

Psychological aspects of the organization and conduct of measures of moral and psychological support.

Formation of a favorable socio-psychological climate in service teams, improvement of the style and methods of managing employees.

Minimization of the consequences of emergencies and their prevention.

Optimization of the operational activities of employees.

5. Conducts classes on psychological topics in the system of moral and psychological training of personnel, including improving the psychological and pedagogical competence of the leadership of bodies, organizations, departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, developing the communicative competence of employees and mastering the techniques of self- and mutual assistance in order to regulate mental states.

6. Participates in the work on organizing the moral and psychological support of personnel sent to another locality to perform operational tasks in special conditions, provides psychological assistance to employees after performing operational tasks in special conditions, as well as in cases associated with death personnel, use of weapons.

7. Carries out measures of psychological work aimed at identifying employees in a state of crisis, preventing suicidal incidents and preventing professional deformation of the personality, takes part in carrying out measures of moral and psychological support with all categories of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation who need increased psychological pedagogical attention (Appendix No. 1 of Order No. 660).

8. Conducts psychological correction measures with employees who have signs of mental adaptation disorders or overwork, psychological rehabilitation of these employees, advises them on taking into account psychological aspects in the regulation of family and domestic relations, prevention, resolution and minimization of the consequences of interpersonal conflicts.

9. Advises employees on:

Taking into account the psychological aspects that arise in the performance of operational and service tasks, compiling psychological portraits of persons suspected of committing crimes.

Studying (forecasting) socio-psychological processes in the protection of public order and ensuring public safety during the preparation and holding of major public and mass events, identifying citizens with unlawful intentions by external signs.

Development of a strategy and tactics for negotiating, including the release of hostages.

10. Ensures the functioning of the office of psychological regulation in the relevant body, organization, unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

The main goal of the activity of a psychologist of an educational institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is to increase the efficiency of the educational process. The psychologist of the educational institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia carries out a set of measures of the following content:

professional psychological orientation;

psychological examination of candidates for study at an educational institution in the specialty;

assessment of the degree of adaptation of students of the first year of study to the conditions of the educational process and service;

psychological examination of students throughout the entire period of study, assessment of their condition, level and dynamics of development of professionally significant qualities;

Identification of the socio-psychological causes of poor progress, violations of discipline and offenses among students, deductions for negative reasons, difficulties in learning and service;

· socio-psychological examination of study groups;

· psychological counseling, psychological correction and rehabilitation of employees of variable and permanent composition;

Ensuring the work of the office of psychological regulation;

The organization of the work of an internal affairs psychologist is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the approximate workload.

The main organizational principles of psychological work are: purposefulness, continuity, objectivity, activity, efficiency, compliance with professional ethics.

When carrying out psychological work activities, the following methods are used: observation, interview, consultation, psychological analysis of documents, psychological analysis of performance results, survey, survey, testing, sociometry, experiment, psychological training.

As a matter of priority, psychological work is carried out with:

1. Candidates for service in the internal affairs bodies.

2. Employees planned to be included in the personnel reserves.

3. Employees who are seconded to another locality to perform operational tasks in special conditions.

4. Employees who need increased psychological and pedagogical attention when organizing individual educational work.

5. Employees who are issued with standard-issue combat small arms, ammunition and special equipment for permanent storage and carrying.

The list of psychological and psychophysiological methods used in psychological work is established by the DGSK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on the basis of the recommendations of the Coordination and Methodological Council for the psychological support of work with the personnel of bodies, divisions, institutions of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Psychologists of departments for work with personnel in accordance with the established procedure are included in the composition of:

1. Commissions formed to conduct inspections on the facts of the death of employees, including in suicidal incidents.

2. Commissions formed to resolve issues of issuing weapons to employees for permanent storage and carrying.

3. Medical commissions of medical organizations.

4. Other commissions in accordance with the legislative and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Test questions:

1. In what departments of the internal affairs department is psychological work carried out, according to the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 660?

2. List the main tasks that need to be solved by the psychologist of the Department of Internal Affairs.

3. Name the methods used in the work of the psychologist of the Department of Internal Affairs.

4. List the set of activities carried out by the psychologist of the educational institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

5. What are the main activities of an internal affairs psychologist

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Subject: Psychology

"Psychology in the activities of police officers".

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PLAN

Introduction

1. Emotional negative states of police officers and ways to prevent and overcome them

• 2. The main factors of manifestation and prevention of professional deformation of the personality of police officers
• 3. Legal grounds and psychological characteristics of the actions of police officers in official and emergency situations. Security Management
• Conclusion
• Split of used literature

Introduction

In the "Concept for the development of internal affairs bodies and internal troops", approved by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 145-1996, activities to strengthen the spiritual and moral foundations of the service, instill in personnel a sense of patriotism, citizenship, respect for the rule of law and ethical standards, the strict implementation of the Oath and orders is defined as a priority direction. In this regard, the problems of professional-psychological selection, monitoring and strengthening of service discipline and legality among the personnel of the Department of Internal Affairs, being of great relevance, require appropriate regulatory legal regulation and instrumental-psychological support.

An analysis of departmental disciplinary statistics shows that in 2006, compared with 2005, the number of employees held accountable for violations of the law increased by 9.0%, as well as by 1.8% for disciplinary violations. Of particular concern is the increase in those brought to justice for committing crimes in units for combating economic crimes (by 33.3%) and in private security (by 15.4%). State of work with personnel of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation in 2006: Collection of analytical and informational materials. - M.: TsOKR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2007. - S. 45.

1. Emotional negative states of police officers and ways to prevent and overcome them.

It is known that the activities of police officers are characterized by situations that differ in the presence of factors that have the power to influence people and their activities, called extreme. In recent years, there has been a tendency to increase the extreme nature of the activities of the police department, associated with the detention of criminals, the release of hostages, the use of weapons, law enforcement during mass events, natural disasters and emergencies. Extreme (from Latin extremum - extreme, extreme) are situations that pose great difficulties for a person, oblige him to a full, maximum exertion of strength and capabilities in order to cope with them and solve the problem at hand.

The results of comprehensive studies by psychologists of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia have shown that such factors as irregular working hours, constant contact with asocial elements, the need for the full return of mental and physical strength in the suppression of crimes reduce the functional reserves of the body, up to their complete exhaustion. This determines the high requirements for the mental sphere of the personality of police officers, their stress resistance and psychological readiness for activities in extreme conditions.

Consequently, prolonged exposure to stressful factors, the presence of a constant vital threat to life, a high probability of death or injury, traumatization place high demands not only on the level of professional preparedness, but also on the psychological qualities of the individual, which determine the psychological readiness for activities in extreme conditions.

Multifaceted studies conducted by Adaev A. I., Abolin L. M., Vasiliev V. A., Volkov A. A., Korchemny P. A., Krupnik E. P., Kon I. S., Platonov K. K. ., Rodionov A. V., Stolyarenko A. M., Smirnov V. N., Tsoi A. A., Chudnovsky V. E., Chovdyrova G. S. and other psychologists allow us to single out one of the essential psychological qualities - the resistance of the personality of an internal affairs officer to extreme situations of official activity.

In the psychological literature, the concept of "stability" has several interpretations. Thus, the word "sustainable" in many countries of the world means "stable, steadfast, firm, durable, strong." The "Dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian Language" gives two synonyms for this word: "stability, balance." In A. Reber's dictionary, "steady" is understood as a characteristic of an individual whose behavior is relatively reliable and consistent.

This versatility of the concept of "stability" is due, first of all, to the fact that the use of this term in relation to the processes of formation, development and formation of a personality, to describe various aspects of its behavior and activities. The following terminological combinations can be found in the literature: “stability of personality”, “stability of behavior”, “stability of (professional) activity”, “resistance to stress”, “emotional stability”, “volitional stability”, “mental stability”, “emotional- volitional stability”, “moral stability”, “psychological stability” (Zavarzina L.V., 2002).

A special place should be given to the psychological stability of police officers - as a kind of foundation for professional readiness to perform actions in extreme conditions of operational and official activities.

Psychological stability is understood as a holistic personality characteristic that ensures its resistance to the frustrating and stressful effects of difficult situations (Yaroshevsky M. G., 1990).

A law enforcement officer (police patrol service, detention groups of private security, operational workers, etc.) more often than anyone else finds himself in difficult and sometimes dangerous psychological situations in his daily work, which have a stressful effect on the psyche of an employee.

Therefore, the psychological training of employees in the educational institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs should be aimed at developing resistance to:

* negative factors of operational activities: tension, responsibility, risk, danger, lack of time, uncertainty, surprise, etc.;

* factors that strongly affect the psyche: the type of blood, corpse, bodily injury, etc .;

* situations of confrontation: the ability to conduct a psychological struggle with persons who oppose the prevention, detection and investigation of crimes, to resist psychological pressure, manipulation from both law-abiding citizens and offenders; do not succumb to provocations, etc.;

* conflict situations in official activities: the ability to analyze the internal causes of the conflict, understand the patterns of their occurrence, course and ways to resolve conflict situations: insult and violence against a person, hooliganism, robbery, murder, resistance to a representative of authority, verbal and physical aggression, etc. .; the ability to control oneself in psychologically tense, conflict, provoking situations.

Frequent exposure to dangerous and sometimes life-threatening situations requires these individuals to be able to control themselves, quickly assess difficult situations and make the most appropriate decisions, which will contribute to a more efficient implementation of tasks and reduce emergencies and disruptions in professional activities among the personnel of law enforcement agencies. affairs.

The inability of an employee to regulate the mental state and actions lead to negative, and often serious consequences, both for himself and for those around him. The inability to control one's behavior reduces the ability of a person's socio-psychological adaptation to given environmental conditions, and is a serious obstacle to realizing his life potential.

On a daily basis, employees of the internal affairs bodies are affected by various factors, often of a stressful nature, which in turn can lead to fatigue, overwork, the emergence of various negative emotional states, and disorders in professional work.

In this regard, mastering the techniques and methods of psychological self-regulation by employees is a very urgent task of modern times. Great successes in official activities are achieved by those employees who have stronger nerves, who are better able to tune in to fight the enemy (criminal), who know how to more rationally manage not only their physical and mental resources, but also maintain neuropsychic activity at an optimal level, to show their psychological stability in difficult situations of operational and service activities.

An analysis of the above works allows us to conclude that the main condition for psychological stability is the actual search activity, in particular, the activity of police officers involved in the educational process.

The high need of employees to search for new abilities and opportunities to counteract negative factors, a creative attitude towards themselves and the surrounding reality, readiness to master the methods of psychological techniques (neurolinguistic programming, psychosynthesis, group therapy, socio-psychological training, etc.) for the regulation of psycho-emotional states will make it possible to overcome destructive the impact of adverse life circumstances and to form the stability of the personality of law enforcement officers.

During the passage of special initial training by employees of an ordinary and junior commander in the classroom for professional psychological training, the following can be used to form psychological training:

* psychodiagnostics (observation, conversation, testing);

* trainings for the development of professional memory, attention and observation;

* psychophysical trainings to overcome obstacles (complications, obstacle course, labyrinths);

* ideomotor training;

* trainings using elements of surprise, lack of time, noise and fire effects (moral and psychological band);

* trainings on the development of situations related to the perception of suffering, blood, wounds, injuries, killed;

* teaching the basics of autogenic training;

* trainings of self-hypnosis, self-persuasion, mood;

* SOPT (situational-figurative psycho-regulatory training, a mental enumeration by an employee of individual value qualities and situations in which he succeeded in something).

The expediency of practical classes, trainings is justified by the existence of a psychological pattern: a person who has repeatedly found himself in difficult conditions and coped with them has more chances to get out of another extreme situation with honor than someone who has never got into them.

The analysis of working conditions for the performance of official tasks by law enforcement officers showed the need to improve the methods of forming psychological resistance to the frustrating and stressful effects of extreme situations of professional activity.

2. The main factors of manifestation and prevention of professional deformation of the personality of police officers

In modern Russia, in the context of the announcement of a course towards building a civil society, an employee of the internal affairs bodies needs not only high professional readiness, but also stable professional moral and psychological qualities, readiness to resist the influence of factors of professional deformation. However, the problem of professional deformation cannot be considered in isolation from a broader problem - the impact of activity on a person.

Professional deformation of the personality of an internal affairs officer is a change in the professional capabilities and personality of an employee in an asocial direction, resulting from negative features of the content, organization and conditions of work.

Risk factors for professional deformation can be:

instability of individual psychological characteristics;

Level of adaptation to professional activity;

Manifestations of psychological defenses;

· behavioral deviations;

Violations of self-control and self-regulation;

Narrowing of the cognitive sphere;

Features of the intellectual sphere;

Reduced tolerance to emotional stress;

Pronounced emotional tension;

· lack of formation of moral and psychological formations in the structure of personality;

lack of formation of attitudes towards the observance of moral norms.

Forms of manifestation of professional deformation

The personality traits of a professionally deformed employee manifest themselves in different ways and in many combinations, but in the end, their development leads to the professional uselessness of this employee or (in the worst case) to his violation of the law or immoral actions.

The following main indicators of professional deformation can be distinguished:

1. Biased attitude towards the object of official activity - a citizen or a group of citizens who act in various official legal roles.

2. Arbitrary-subjective interpretation of norm-abiding behavior and normative regulation of performance. Its empirical manifestations.

3. Transferring the manner of official communication, individual professional methods and techniques to non-official areas. Professional coarsening of the personality.

Methodological problems of the influence of activity on the personality, the principles of the unity of consciousness and activity are considered in the works of S. L. Rubinshtein, L. S. Vygotsky, B. G. Ananiev, A. N. Leontiev, B. F. Lomov. S. L. Rubinshtein wrote: "Overcoming of abstract functionalism and transition to the study of the psyche in concrete activity, in which it is not only manifested, but also formed." Later, V. N. Myasishchev, emphasizing the importance of studying the relationship between the personality and the subject of activity, pointed out that "the psychology of impersonal processes should be replaced by the psychology of the activity of the individual, or the personality in activity" Myasishchev V. N. Personality and neuroses. - L., 1960. - P.7. .

Discussing the connection between activity and personality, A. N. Kitov singles out such functions of activity in the life of an individual as a specific mechanism for satisfying the needs of an individual; the inner transformable and perceptible world of the personality; "transfer" of personal qualities and properties, abilities and skills of a person to his subject; manifestation not only outside (exteriorization), but at the same time internalization of activity that takes on an ideal form and entails significant changes in the psyche.

For a long time in domestic psychological and pedagogical science it was understood that labor is the main and main factor in the formation of a person. It was believed that a working person is already mature and comprehensively developed. Much has been written about the educational influence of professional activity on the process of only positive personality formation. The negative impact of specific specialized work has been much less studied in psychology. So, S. G. Gellershtein at one time called for studying only the positive influence of labor on a person. 19. . For a long time it was believed that labor activity itself guarantees a person from various deformations of consciousness and personality. However, in the psychology of labor, engineering psychology, it is assumed that in labor a person not only “develops” in a positive sense, but also deforms. Although still, A. S. Makarenko wrote that labor has the property of neutrality in relation to the effects of education. He can educate a spiritually rich person, and a slave, and an egoist Makarenko A. S. Soch. T. 5. - S.42. 16 .

The problem of professional deformation developed initially on the basis of scientific works carried out by specialists in the field of labor psychology, in industrial medicine, hygiene, sanitation, in work on safety, where the relationship between the subjective and purely individual characteristics of professional people was recognized and studied. These interrelations have been studied quite fully, reflecting the psychophysiological aspect of the existence of individuality. However, these works differ significantly in approaches and conceptual schemes of study.

In legal psychology, the problem of preventing professional deformation of the personality of law enforcement officers has also been reflected. Analysis and systematization of specific works, in one way or another devoted to the problem of professional deformation in the internal affairs department or the police of foreign countries, make it possible to identify certain trends.

The first of them is that some authors (N. L. Granat, A. A. Molchanov, A. A. Ushakov and others), considering the problem both specifically and in the context of other problems of the functioning of the police department, either do not disclose essence of professional deformation, or only partially designate it.

The second trend is characterized by the desire to more specifically outline the essence of negative personality changes that relate to professionally important qualities (D. P. Kotov, G. G. Shikhantsov, 1976; V. A. Lazareva, 1987; V. I. Belosludtsev, I. I. Sokolov, 1995; V. S. Medvedev, 1996), in particular, professional orientation (E. A. Kozlovskaya), features of professional thinking (V. E. Konovalova), the emergence or sharpening of cynicism, suspicion, hostility (A. Nieder- hoffer, G. Singleton, J. Teahar) and others.

The third trend is characterized by attempts not only to reveal the essence of professional deformation, but also to determine its determinants (indicators, criteria, causes, manifestations, etc.). With regard to law enforcement, the problem of professional deformation is considered in the works of Budanov A. V., Beznosov S. E., Borisova S. E., Lunina E. N., Medvedev V. C., Novikov B. D., Ratinov A. R. and others. according to the works of A. V. Budanov, professional deformation is a change in the professional capabilities and personal qualities of an employee of the internal affairs bodies in a negative direction under the influence of the conditions and experience of professional activity in the presence of distorted experience or a distorted understanding of professional experience by an employee. Professional deformation begins with the fact that an employee of the internal affairs body “loses the true idea of ​​the moral meaning of his profession. The sense of professional duty is dulled, work seems more and more meaningless, susceptibility to negative influences increases ... ”.

The phenomenon of professional deformation has a negative impact on the motivation of the official behavior of police officers, has a wide range of manifestations (in the moral, intellectual, professional and emotional spheres), including a change in attitude towards the object of activity: from complete rejection (aggressiveness, rudeness, rudeness) to forgiveness , non-official ties with criminal elements, moral and material dependence on them, taking on illegal obligations, which ultimately leads to antisocial behavior, legal conflicts.

According to A. V. Budanov, professional deformation can be expressed by an internal affairs officer in the following areas: professional-moral, intellectual, emotional-volitional and the sphere of professional actions. In the professional and moral sphere, deformation manifests itself in the loss of a true understanding of the civil and moral meaning of professional activity, the formation of a sense of its futility, the development of an indifferent attitude to work, or a tendency to consider professional activity as a means of achieving purely personal, selfish goals.

In the intellectual sphere, deformation manifests itself as a loss of the ability for independent professional thinking and decision-making, for independent professional development, in the stereotyped

3. Legal grounds and psychological features of the actions of police officers in official emergency situations. Security management.

The penitentiary system (penal system) of the Ministry of Justice (Ministry of Justice) of Russia includes special units (special purpose departments), which were formed in the early 1990s in order to implement functions specific to the penitentiary system: suppression and elimination of riots in places of deprivation freedom; the neutralization of armed criminals and the release of persons taken hostage in penitentiary institutions; participation in the search and detention of convicts and persons in custody who have escaped, etc.

When participating in the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus, employees of the Special Purpose Departments (OSN) of the Criminal Investigation Department of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, in addition to the above (and mainly), also perform the functions of protecting important state facilities, escorting various persons and cargo.

During the explosion of the complex of government buildings in the capital of the Chechen Republic on December 27, 2002, employees of the DOS of the penitentiary system, who were guarding it, were killed and injured. The specifics of business trips for employees of the “special forces” who guard and defend the Grozny detention center is the need to serve in a limited space with frequent combat contact with the enemy. Special-purpose departments are in similar conditions in other regions of Chechnya.

In all such cases, OSN are used, in fact, as army units. Meanwhile, the “special forces” of the penitentiary system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia were not originally intended and not adapted (insufficient weapons, fundamentally different from military tactics) for military combat.

In connection with the complex range of tasks solved by the fighters of the special forces of the penitentiary system in the North Caucasus, the problem of psychological support for their service and combat activities (SBD) has arisen.

The main goal of such support is: the optimal use of the psychological resources of the employees of the DOS, which ensure the successful implementation of their operational and service and service-combat tasks on the territory of the North Caucasus region; restoration, preservation and improvement of the efficiency of fighters.

Stages of psychological support

In general, the system of psychological support for the SBD of DOS employees during the counter-terrorist operation is an activity that, from an organizational point of view, can be divided into three stages.

The first stage is psychological preparation for work in extreme conditions. The activities carried out at this stage include professional training, staffing of the unit, taking into account the socio-psychological patterns and individual personal characteristics of the fighters.

The second stage - psychological support in the "hot spot" - includes measures for the psychological support of personnel in the course of performing service and combat missions.

The third stage - psychological work with special forces soldiers upon their return to their permanent place of deployment - involves the implementation of measures for the psychological rehabilitation of employees, as well as the use of the positive consequences of extreme situations to optimize the training of DOS personnel.

At each of the three stages of psychological support for the activities of DOS employees participating in the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus, various organizational and methodological approaches are used, as well as a specific algorithm for the actions of psychologists.

This scheme of organization of psychological support implies the complexity, consistency and effectiveness of the measures taken, the restoration and support of the ability of special forces soldiers to perform service and combat missions.

Tasks of psychological preparation

At the stage of psychological preparation of employees for a business trip to the North Caucasus, the main tasks are:

psychological examination of personnel sent on a business trip;

psychological support for the recruitment and group cohesion of the dispatched units;

· special psychological training of employees and groups departing on a business trip.

From the above tasks, the main directions of work of psychologists at this stage follow:

psychological diagnostics of personnel sent on a business trip;

study of the socio-psychological climate and psycho-diagnostics of the group cohesion of the formed units;

· training employees in methods and techniques of psychological self-regulation in everyday and extreme activities.

The implementation of areas of work is organized by the head of the special purpose department together with his deputies and is carried out by a psychologist. GUIN of the Ministry of Justice of Russia. M., 2003. .

psychological selection

How does the DOS psychologist carry out such work in practice?

1 - psychological selection. A predisposition in long-term extreme conditions to such negative manifestations as a weakening of self-discipline and a decrease in moral control can be predicted with the help of psychodiagnostic examinations already at the preliminary stage, when talking with the selected candidate Berdnikov V.S., Kazurova E.S. Primary selection of candidates for service in the DOS. Rostov-on-Don, 2002; Kreneva Yu.A. Psychodiagnostic methods used to select candidates for service in the DOS. Rostov-on-Don, 2002. for secondment to a "hot spot".

Specialists of the psychological service of the penitentiary system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia use a set of measures in the selection of DOS fighters. These activities include:

conversations with the candidate (autobiographical nuances, behavioral manifestations, voluntariness of participation in a business trip, the presence of penalties, the state of relationships in the family, etc. are clarified);

Psychodiagnostic examination (SMIL, L.N. Sobchik), test of color choices (M. Luscher), "Sixteen-factor personality questionnaire", R. Cattell).

In general, we can talk about the following main psychological "contraindications" to secondment to serve in the zone of the counter-terrorist operation: inadequate attitudes and distorted motivation (for example, the predominance of material motives - a business trip as an opportunity to "earn extra money"), low stress resistance, poor self-control, aggressiveness, low sociometric status of a special forces officer, etc.

Psychological preparation

2 - psychological preparation. Training should be aimed at: improving the efficiency of performing professional tasks; to ensure personal safety Patsakul I.I. Psychology of professional safety of employees of special forces of law enforcement agencies in extreme conditions of activity (on the materials of a study of individual professional safety): Abstract of the thesis. dis. … cand. psychol. Sciences. Ryazan, 2001.

; to preserve the physical and mental health of employees. The program of psychological training for employees of special departments of internal affairs, operating in emergency situations, including in armed conflicts: Methodological recommendations. M., 1997. . In extreme training conditions, due to the great dynamism of ongoing events, their combat mental states come to the fore in terms of significance and influence on the behavior of employees, which allow you to quickly resolve the kaleidoscope of changing situations Smirnov V.N. Features of professional and psychological training of employees of special units of internal affairs bodies for actions in extreme conditions. M., 2002.; The ability for arbitrary self-regulation of functional states as a criterion for determining the professional success of employees of special purpose departments of the penitentiary system: Work program. MPL GUIN of the Ministry of Justice of Russia for the Rostov Region. Rostov-on-Don, 2002. .

Formation of moral and psychological readiness

Employees of the psychological service of the penitentiary system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, before sending employees of the DOS to a "hot spot", carry out a number of special events to form the moral and psychological readiness of the personnel for activities in extreme conditions. These include:

information preparation (ethnographic features of the region of the upcoming service, the background of the conflict, the causes of its occurrence, the features of the operational situation and the state of affairs at the present stage, the national character and folk traditions, the peculiarities of interethnic communication of the conflicting parties, normative and legislative acts regulating the activities of the DOS);

the development of each employee's confidence in the validity of the goals and objectives facing the department during his stay in this region (this criterion includes the confidence of the OSN fighters in humanity and the need for measures taken by the Russian government to localize and resolve the conflict, a sense of legal and social security each employee and his family members);

preparation of personnel for service in extraordinary conditions (weather, difficult domestic, social isolation, or even a hostile attitude towards employees of the surrounding civilian population, physical and fire confrontation);

Developing the ability of DOS employees to act autonomously if necessary;

development of special abilities and skills (providing first aid to the victim; communication with representatives of the conflicting parties, suggesting knowledge of offensive, friendly, attention-grabbing, conducive to conversation, meaning greeting or apology gestures and expressions, the ability to determine by external signs the readiness of the interlocutor for aggressive actions or win over citizens in the process of communication, arouse in them a sense of respect; the ability to resist "soft pressure", i.e. resistance to the requests of civilians expressed in the form of invitations to visit, offering gifts, "tearful" persuasion for help, etc. .p., and associated, as a rule, with violations of job descriptions, deviation from the established route, ignoring the rules for maintaining official information, etc.).

Formation of sustainable motivation

The practical implementation of the psychological support of the DOS fighters is the psychological training of special forces officers Rekhtina N.V. The concept of psychological training of special forces employees and its implementation on the example of the work of the OSNB "Corsair": Report. GUIN Min. Justice of Russia in the NSO. Novosibirsk, 2002.

The main idea: the formation of sustainable employee motivation for professional development through a clear definition of the role position of a professional fighter.

When performing a task, a professional relies on the skills acquired during training. Emotions only interfere with this, changing the physiological state and distorting attention, memory, thinking, making a person vulnerable. Emotional arousal causes the substitution of the main goal for an emotionally colored one, which “blurs” the main goal and interferes with the fulfillment of the task. To complete the task using professional skills, you need to cope with yourself. Therefore, in addition to special skills, self-regulation skills are needed to separate emotions from the task.

A special forces officer is a warrior and he has to live two lives: according to the laws of peace and according to the laws of war. Without separating peace and war, finding himself in an extreme combat situation, a person, without realizing it, shows his personality, behavior stereotypes, a system of expectations that have been formed in peacetime. It's not safe for him. The employee must master the art necessary for a warrior - not to show his own personality, an art based on accurate calculations and solid skills. For his own safety, a warrior needs a role and skills suitable for wartime.

Extreme Psychological Skills

V.N. Smirnov. Professional extreme-psychological training is carried out in two stages.

Preliminary professional extreme-psychological training: assimilation of extreme-psychological knowledge and skills, acquisition of extreme-psychological skills, control over the regulation of mental states favorable for work in extreme conditions.

Training specifics

Direct professional extreme-psychological training: extreme-psychological training, which is carried out in the process of complex exercises and focuses on professional perception, regulation of combat mental states favorable for working in extreme conditions and modeling the “unknown” factor Smirnov V.N. There. .

Of interest is the socio-psychological training (SPT) as part of the psychological training of the DOS of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, developed in the interregional psychological laboratory of the GUIN of the Ministry of Justice of Russia in the Rostov Region. In this training, the main methods of working with the group are game methods Conducting psychological training in the preparation of DOS employees for actions in extreme situations: Methodological guide. MPL GUIN MJ RF in RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002. . A feature of SPT is the fact that the list of games and exercises is not a rigid training program. A practical psychologist has the opportunity to select for work with each specific group those exercises that, in his opinion, can help to activate the participants to the greatest extent, open them from different angles, help them realize their own capabilities. It should be noted that the staff of the interregional psychological laboratory of the GUIN of the Ministry of Justice of Russia in the Rostov Region is a recognized authority in the development of issues of extreme training for employees of special forces of the Ministry of Justice of Russia. MPL GUIN MJ RF in RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002; Methods of providing emergency psychological assistance to employees located in a "hot spot": Methodological guide. MPL GUIN MJ RF in RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002; The program of psychological support for employees of special purpose departments of the penitentiary system in the "hot spot": Work program. MPL GUIN MJ RF in RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002; The program for diagnosing the functional states of employees of the penitentiary system who are in an extreme situation: Work program. MPL GUIN MJ RF in RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002. .

stress factors

Among the stress factors that significantly affect the psychological state of employees in the conflict zone, the following can be distinguished: the use of special forces of the penitentiary system in most cases as military special forces in military operations (while not having sufficient heavy and special weapons and equipment) with weak interaction with adjacent power structures, or without it at all; an absolutely real and almost constant threat of death, injury, injury, illness - both in relation to oneself and comrades; violation of the biological rhythm of sleep and wakefulness (the need for round-the-clock security); constant household deprivation; poor awareness of the personnel about the actual state of affairs and the operational situation in the region; insufficient provision (food, equipment, weapons, ammunition); inadequately low pay for heavy and dangerous service; being in a hostile environment with a foreign language, culture, traditions; ambiguous relationships with local residents and government officials; constant identification of others: friend or foe, and as a result - constant alertness, suspicion, categorical judgments, excessive rigidity.

Combat psychotraumas and their prevention

The accumulation of these and similar factors of mental stress of employees during the performance of the SBS in the zone of armed conflict, as well as direct participation in combat, can lead to the appearance of combat psychotrauma (BPT). In this regard, it is necessary:

· Personnel seconded to the zone of armed conflict should be placed compactly, with appropriate security. Crushing into smaller groups with different locations should be minimized. If this is not possible, then leaders and a psychologist should visit these groups as often as possible;

early active identification of persons with developing maladaptive reactions or personality decompensations;

obligatory communication with the "mainland", with relatives, regular informing the personnel about the situation in the region;

· the commander, deputy for work with personnel, psychologist to carry out constant work to establish good-neighborly relations with the local population;

· during the period of operational rest (by the way, which is one of the most difficult periods), after a short rest, organize reasonable employment of personnel, pay attention to leisure, physical training, and general information classes.

Conclusion

Thus, the prerequisite for the behavior of an internal affairs officer, the source of his activity is the need. Needing certain conditions, the police officer seeks to eliminate the deficit that has arisen. The emerging need causes motivational excitation (of the corresponding nerve centers) and induces the body to a certain type of activity. At the same time, all the necessary memory mechanisms are revived, data on the presence of external conditions are processed, and on the basis of this, a purposeful action is formed.

I hope that the work I have developed has illuminated the necessary list of questions that is needed when studying this topic. But I also note that the issues disclosed by my work do not have the necessary comprehensiveness and depth of disclosure of the entire topic. Some of them, of course, require deeper theoretical study and practical tests.

I put forward a suggestion that further theoretical development of this topic is necessary.

List of used literature:

1. Ananiev B.G. On the methods of modern psychology. In: Psychological Methods. L., 1976.

1. Ananiev B.G. On the problems of modern human knowledge. Moscow: Nauka, 1977.

2. Vasiliev V.L. Legal psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

3. Gamezo M.V., Domashenko I.A. Atlas of psychology: Inform.-method.benefit for the course "Human Psychology". - M.: Russian Pedagogical Agency, 1998.

4. Enikeev M.I., "Fundamentals of General and Legal Psychology" M., 1996.

5. Enikeev M.I., Kochetkov O.L., General, social and legal psychology. Brief encyclopedic dictionary. M.: Yurid. lit., 1997.

6. Lomov BF Methodological and theoretical problems of psychology. Moscow: Nauka, 1984.

7. Maklakov A.G. General psychology. - St. Petersburg: Piter, 2001.

8. General psychology. Ed. A.V. Petrovsky. - M.: Enlightenment, 1986.

9. Psychological Dictionary / Ed. V.P. Zinchenko, B.G. Meshcheryakova. M., Pedagogy-Press, 1997.

10. Psychology and pedagogy. Ed. A.A. Radugina. - M.: Center, 1999.

11. Romanov V.V. Legal psychology. - M.: Jurist, 2001.

12. Rubinstein S.L. Fundamentals of General Psychology: In 2 vols. T.I.-M.: Pedagogy, 1989.

13. Stolyarenko L.D. Fundamentals of psychology. Rostov n/a. Publishing house "Phoenix", 1997.

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The use of psychological study methods when accompanying the activities of employees who need increased psychological attention is used to:

• determining the individual psychological characteristics and states of employees when forming a conclusion on the need to provide them with additional psychological assistance;
• predicting the professional and social behavior of employees;
• carrying out psycho-consulting and psycho-correctional work;
• assessing the degree of social and psychological adaptation of employees, taking measures to improve it;
• development of optimal measures of psychological impact on the personnel of the Department of Internal Affairs.

To the most accessible and widely used out-of-test methods studying the personality of an internal affairs officer include: analysis of documents, the method of expert assessments, conversation, questioning, observation and the biographical method.

Document analysis. The results of the psychological examination of the employee, carried out at various stages of professional selection and for other reasons (for example, during a psychological examination as part of certification or when assigning a firearm to an employee), as well as an autobiography, questionnaires, job descriptions, recommendations and other materials for obtaining information are studied. about professionally significant biographical data, moral and individual psychological qualities, professional orientation, general educational readiness, character traits, inclinations, interests, etc.

Two types of documents in the personal file of an intern or employee should be distinguished: official(conclusions of the CPD, VVK, officials, materials of internal audits, conclusions of attestations, documents on education, etc.) and personal(statement, autobiography, explanatory notes, reports). The first group of documents allows you to get information about a person, events in her life from "external" sources; the second is to better understand the author of documents (his value orientations, ideas about specific phenomena, people and events).

Method of expert assessments- obtaining psychologically significant information about the employee from the most experienced and competent employees (colleagues). Expert assessment in the variant of generalizing independent characteristics provides mainly factual data on all the main indicators of the employee's social and professional success and is most effective in combination with observation and conversation.

conversation method. A conversation is an active method of obtaining information based on verbal communication from answers to questions posed by a psychologist in direct communication. It consists in an oral survey and is one of the most productive methods for studying the personal characteristics of an employee.

observation method. Observation is a purposeful study of actions, deeds, behavior in general, as well as manifestations of facial expressions, pantomime, speech and motor activity of the object of observation. The purpose of the method is to identify the features of communication, oral speech, vocabulary, degree of frankness, sincerity, quick wit, stiffness, tension, anxiety, calmness, etc., as well as the style of performance of official activities.

Psychodiagnostic methods for studying the personality of an employee. When working with a group of increased psychological attention, various psychodiagnostic methods can be used (tests; questionnaires - questionnaires; projective methods; methods for diagnosing individual personal qualities and manifestations of the properties of the nervous system).

In the psychological practice of studying the personal characteristics of ATS employees who are members of the State Armed Forces, an important place is occupied by the problem of providing a holistic approach to the study of personality, which involves the “dissection” and analysis of the components of the object of study, followed by an integral interpretation of all particular results. A holistic approach involves studying the personality of an employee in the following areas:

1) L- data(life record data). Personal information can be obtained by recording the actual behavior of a person in daily life.

2) Q - data(questionnaire data). Personality information can be obtained through questionnaires and other self-assessment methods.

3) G - data(test data). Personality information can be obtained through objective tests.

In the process of a comprehensive analysis, various methods of psychological assessment and the study of personality characteristics can be used. The study of the experience of the activities of psychologists of the internal affairs department when accompanying employees who need increased psychological attention allows us to divide all methods of psychological support into immediate and mediated.

Direct Methods

• individual psycho-corrective work with an employee (for example, psychological counseling of an employee; correction of the mental state of an individual, etc.);
• psychological preparation and training (individual or group).

Indirect Methods psychological support:

• psychological counseling of the head of the employee, his colleagues, family members;
• study of the socio-psychological climate in the unit where the employee serves;
• development of recommendations to ensure the organization of activities necessary to improve the social and psychological adaptation of employees in need of increased psychological attention.

These support methods refer to the tools of general psychological correction and differ only in the “application point”. In general, an analysis of the psychological difficulties of employees who need the help of a psychologist allows us to identify the most common problems in practice:

• lack of people skills;
• misconceptions about the practical activities of the internal affairs bodies;
• the employee's lack of professionally important personal qualities;
• conflict relationships with colleagues in the service;
• inadequate attitude towards personnel on the part of the heads of the police department
• inability of the employee to organize their activities;
• negative attitude of family members, the closest environment to work in the internal affairs bodies;

Activities of psychological support for employees at risk, in addition to activities carried out by a psychologist with the entire team, must include:

• dynamic psychological monitoring of an employee with periodic face-to-face interviews (frequency is assigned individually);
• individual training aimed at improving the psychological competence of an employee or manager (familiarization with the necessary information on the structure of personality, teaching the basics of the psychology of communication and management, effective conflict resolution);
• active forms of social learning (communication training, business games, etc.);
• classes on mastering the methods of self-control, self-education and self-regulation, increasing stress resistance;
• psychological correction of accentuated character traits;
• timely referral of an employee to medical institutions in order to receive specialized rehabilitation treatment for neuropsychiatric breakdowns.

For the practical solution of the identified psychological difficulties of the employees of the group of in-depth psychological and pedagogical attention, it is advisable for the psychologist to use not only individual, but also group forms of work, as well as to apply various methods of active socio-psychological training, including role-playing, communicative, psychoregulatory trainings.

Thus, a concept has been developed that includes a purposeful, integrated application of various interconnected forms and methods for collecting information about activities, interpersonal relationships in a team and in a family, individual psychological characteristics of employees that require in-depth psychological and pedagogical attention.

MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

KRASNODAR UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PEDAGOGY

PSYCHOLOGY

IN STAFF ACTIVITIES

OF THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS

METHODOLOGICAL MATERIALS

students in the specialty

030900.62 Law

Krasnodar

Psychology in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies: Educational and methodological materials for students of the faculty of distance learning (specialty 030900.62 Jurisprudence) / Compiled by Krasnodar: Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2013. - 33 p.

Discussed and approved at a meeting of the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy on November 17, 2012, Protocol No. 7

© Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2013.

I. General guidelines for students on the study of the discipline "Psychology in the activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies."

The course “Psychology in the activities of law enforcement officers” is of great importance for the professional training of future law enforcement officers.

Employees of internal affairs bodies, due to the specifics of their professional activities, have to work with people on a daily basis. The list of their functional duties, involving the processes of communication and management, is extensive. They conduct conversations, interrogations, interrogations, public speaking, etc.

In the process of implementing these and other measures, internal affairs officers often need to establish psychological contact and trusting relationships with citizens, encourage them to act in the interests of the law, and persuade them to give truthful testimony. They need to be able to determine the mental state of the interlocutor, to control themselves in a difficult, extreme situation of physical and psychological confrontation with the criminal, to have an educational impact on a minor who has embarked on the wrong path in life, to find words of consolation for the victim, a person who has suffered from criminal encroachments.

The tasks of fighting crime require that, in the new social conditions of modern Russia, employees of the internal affairs bodies have a high level of psychological preparation, similar to that which has always distinguished the best Russian detectives and their colleagues from the police in other countries of the world.

Objectives of the discipline:

The purpose of mastering the discipline "Psychology in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies" is the formation of cadets' psychological skills and abilities that allow them to ensure the high-quality implementation of professional activities; to teach methods of effective communication with various categories of citizens and conflict resolution in official activities.

Discipline tasks:

To form an idea of ​​the role of psychological knowledge in the professional activities of employees of internal affairs bodies;

To teach cadets (students) the psychological features of the negotiation process;

To form professional communication skills in the process of establishing psychological contact;

To teach cadets (students) to use the methods of self-regulation of mental states in the process of professional activity, including in extreme conditions.

As a result of studying the discipline, the cadet (listener) must:

Know:

Psychological features of the activities of employees of various law enforcement services; (OK-1, OK-5, OK-6, OK - 7, OK-8, OK - 10, PC-2, PC-10, PC-13, PC-14, PC-15, PC-16, PC -twenty);

Fundamentals of psychoprophylaxis of negative psychological conditions (OK-8, OK - 11, PC-25);

Psychological requirements for the personality of a law enforcement officer (OK-1, OK-5, OK-6, OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-10, PC- 13, PK-14, PK-15, PK-16, PK-20, PK-25);

Psychological foundations of professional communication of law enforcement officers (OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-25);

Causes and psychological foundations for preventing and resolving conflicts in professional activities (OK-5, OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, PC-5, PC-25);

Psychological foundations for the production of investigative actions (OK-1, OK-6, OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-5, PC-10, PC-13, PC-14, PK-15, PK-16, PK-20, PK-25);

Psychological characteristics of participants in the criminal process (OK-1, OK-6, OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, PC-2, PC-10, PC-14, PC-16, PC-20, PC-25) .

Be able to:

Use psychological knowledge in the process of professional activity (OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-25);

Correctly build communication with colleagues in the service team and with citizens (OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-25);

Diagnose the causes of the conflict, develop and apply behavioral strategies during the conflict, use various methods and ways to prevent and positively resolve conflicts (OK-5, OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, PC-5, PC-25);

Use the methods of self-regulation of mental states in the process of professional activity, including in extreme conditions (OK-8, OK-10, PC-25).

Own :

Skills in the use of psychological methods and techniques in order to effectively solve official problems (OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-25);

The skills of establishing psychological contact, visual psychodiagnostics and psychological influence, correct behavior in a conflict situation (OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, PC-2, PC-10, PC-25);

Positive communication skills in the process of professional activity (OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-25).

To better consolidate knowledge in this course, students should pay attention to the close connection of the topics studied with the legal sciences, and rely on knowledge from the relevant previously studied disciplines.

additional literature

§ What is psychology: In 2 volumes - M .: Mir, 2002.

§ Granovskaya practical psychology. - L., 2001.

§ Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Psychology of individual differences. Reader, ed. Gippenreiter. M., 2000.

§ Legal psychology. Reader. M., 2000.

Tasks for self-test:

1. Mental reflection:

a) is an exact copy of the surrounding reality;

b) is selective;

c) provide a photograph of the impact environment;

d) does not depend on reflection conditions.

2. Socio-psychological manifestations of the personality, its relationship with people is studied by psychology:

b) social;

c) pedagogical;

3. The main method of modern psychology is:

a) testing

b) introspection

c) experiment

d) observation

4. Purposeful, systematically carried out perception of objects, in the knowledge of which a person is interested, is:

a) experiment;

b) content analysis;

c) observation;

d) method of analysis of products of activity.

5. The concept of "self-observation" is synonymous with the term:

a) introversion;

b) introjection;

c) introspection;

d) introscopy.

6. Obtaining by the subject of data on his own mental processes and states at the time of their occurrence or after it is:

a) observation;

b) experiment;

c) testing;

d) self-observation.

7. The active intervention of the researcher in the activities of the subject in order to create conditions for establishing a psychological fact is called:

a) content analysis;

b) product analysis;

c) conversation;

d) experiment.

8. Depending on the situation, an observation can be distinguished:

a) field;

b) solid;

c) systematic,

d) discrete.

9. The ability of the researcher to cause some kind of mental process or property is the main advantage:

a) observations;

b) experiment;

c) content analysis;

d) product analysis.

Topic 2.The main socio-psychological characteristics of the personality of a police officer.

The main content of the topic:

The concept of personality in psychology and legal science. Individual, personality, individuality. Biological and social in the structure of personality. Worldview basis, value orientations, orientation, motivational sphere of personality. Basic theories of personality in modern domestic and foreign psychology. The life path of the individual and its socialization. Formation and development of personality (main stages).

The goals of studying personality in the professional activities of employees of internal affairs bodies. Psychological methods for studying the personality of subjects of law enforcement activity. Methods and techniques for studying a person's individuality by an employee of the internal affairs bodies. The use by an employee of the internal affairs bodies of psychological knowledge about a person in professional activities.

Knowledge, skills and habits. Skills and skills as structural elements of activity. Education skills and abilities. Motor skills and abilities. Cognitive skills and abilities. Practical skills and abilities. The concept of habit and its place in the structure of activity.

Professiogram of an employee of the internal affairs bodies. Social, reconstructive, organized, authenticating, communicative, search activity of an employee of the internal affairs bodies (,).

The general structure of the human motivational sphere. Interests, tasks, desires, intentions as motivational dispositions. The concept of motivation as a conscious and unconscious process. Dispositive and situational determinants of behavior. Correlation of dispositions (motives), needs and goals. A. Maslow's pyramid of needs.

Motivation and personality. Motivation, self-esteem, the level of claims. Behavior of people with different motives in extreme situations. Motivation of prosocial and asocial behavior. Altruism and empathy as motives. Motivation for aggressiveness and frustration.

The concept of abilities. Ability concepts. Abilities and orientation of the individual. The ratio of acquired and natural in abilities. Inclinations as the primary natural basis of abilities. Inclinations. Ability structure. Abilities and typology of people. Psychological criteria for the suitability of employees of internal affairs bodies for service.

The concept of temperament. Types of temperaments and the use of knowledge about them in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies. Distinctive aspects of each type of temperament. Temperament and basic properties of the human nervous system. Psychological characteristics of temperament. Accounting by an employee of the internal affairs bodies of the type of human temperament in the production of investigative actions.

The concept of character. The nature and temperament of a person. Typology of characters (E. Kretschmer, K. Leonhard, E. Fromm and others). Character formation. The role of character in the overall structure of personality. The use of knowledge about character in the practice of professional communication of an employee of the internal affairs bodies.

Questions to the topic:

1. The emotional sphere of the employee's personality and the ways of its development.

When studying this issue, it is necessary to consider in more detail the difference between emotions and feelings, as well as the forms of manifestation of emotions. It is especially important to consider such forms as: stress, affect.

2. Volitional sphere of personality.

When considering the issue, it is necessary to study the volitional qualities of a person necessary for employees of the internal affairs bodies and ways to develop volitional qualities.

The most important for employees to study the problems of motivation and orientation of the individual is to consider the motivation of antisocial and criminal behavior.

4. Types of temperament and their consideration in the psychological assessment of a person.

When considering this issue, the most important is the account by the employee of the internal affairs bodies of the type of human temperament in the production of investigative actions.

5. Character properties and their consideration when compiling the characteristics of an internal affairs officer.

The study of this issue must begin with a typology of character and the application of knowledge about character in the practice of professional communication of an employee of the internal affairs bodies.

6. The structure of human abilities.

When considering this issue, it is necessary to focus on the ratio of acquired and natural in abilities, as well as on the psychological criteria for the suitability of employees of the internal affairs bodies for service.

Main literature

§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001

§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.

additional literature

§ Nemov: Proc. For students. - M., 1994. - Book 1.

§ (Psychology of personality. - S.

§ Psychology and Pedagogy: Textbook for High Schools / Comp. . - M., 1999 (Psychology of personality. General and individual in the human psyche. - C

§ Psychology of Personality. Texts. - M., 1982. (What is a personality (); 11-19. Some features of the psychological structure of personality (): Basic ideal types of personality (E. Spranger): 55-60. Self-actualization (A. Maslow).

Tasks for self-test:

1. Feelings associated with cognitive activity are called feelings:

a) moral

b) intellectual

c) aesthetic

d) practical

2. A strong, persistent, lasting feeling that captures a person and owns him is called:

a) affect

b) passion

c) mood

d) feeling

3. A strong emotional state of an explosive nature that affects the entire personality, characterized by a violent course, a change in consciousness and a violation of volitional control, is:

b) passion

c) frustration

4. The state of increasing emotional stress that occurs in conflict situations, obstacles associated with strong motivation - a threat to the well-being of the individual - is:

b) frustration

c) mood

5. States, the content of which is an insurmountable fear of specific situations, objects, creatures or an indefinite objectless fear, are called:

a) affect

b) phobias

c) stress

d) frustration

6. Will - regulation by a person of his behavior, associated with overcoming internal and external obstacles. This regulation:

a) conscious

b) unconscious

c) intuitive

d) involuntary

7. The ability of a person to independently make responsible decisions and steadily implement them in activities characterizes him:

a) persistence

b) independence

c) integrity

d) decisiveness

8. The ability of a person to a long and unrelenting tension of energy, a steady movement towards the intended goal is manifested as:

a) persistence

b) consciousness

c) optimism

d) diligence

9. The ability of a person to determine his actions, focusing not on the pressure of others, not on random influences, but on the basis of his beliefs, knowledge, characterizes him:

a) persistence

b) independence

c) integrity

d) self-confidence

Topic 3. Psychological and pedagogical features of adaptation and deformation of the personality of police officers.

The main content of the topic:

The concept of adaptation. History of studying the problems of adaptation. Mechanisms of adaptation. levels of adaptation. Types of adaptation. Physiological, mental, social adaptation in the activities of law enforcement officers.

Professional adaptation and its role in the activities of the Department of Internal Affairs. Features of adaptation at different periods of professional development of employees of internal affairs bodies.

Adaptation in extreme conditions. Mechanisms to prevent maladaptation of law enforcement officers.

The concept of "suicide". Theories of suicidal behavior. Psychopathological, psychological, sociological concept of suicidal behavior. Psychological crisis states as a factor one of the factors causing suicide.

Causes, conditions and motives of suicides. Causes of suicides of employees of internal affairs bodies. Anti-suicidal personality factors.

Employee suicide prevention.

Questions to the topic:

1. The concept of adaptation. Types of adaptation.

When studying this issue, it is necessary to pay attention to such types of adaptation as: physiological, psychological, social and professional.

2. Professional deformation.

Consideration of the issue of studying deformation must begin with the concept of "deformation" and "professional deformation".

3. Psychological prevention of professional deformation.

It is advisable to start studying the prevention of professional deformation with the forms of manifestation and methods for preventing professional deformation.

4. Causes, conditions and motives for suicides of police officers.

When considering this issue, the closest attention should be paid to studying the causes and motives for suicides of police officers.

5. Prevention of suicidal behavior of police officers.

This question is aimed at the theoretical study and practical application of preventive measures to prevent suicidal behavior.

Main literature

§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.

§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001

§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.

§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.

§ Stolyarenko of general psychology. M., 1999.

additional literature

§ Beznosov deformation and personality education // Psychological support of human social development. - L., 1989.

§ Beznosov personality deformation: approaches, concepts, method: Abstract for the degree of Doctor of Psychology. - St. Petersburg, 1997.

§ Belosludtsev of psychological support for the prevention of professional deformation of employees of correctional institutions // Psychopedagogy in law enforcement agencies. No. 2. 1997.

§ Borisova deformation of the employee's personality // Encyclopedia of Legal Psychology / Ed. ed. prof. . - M., 2003.

§ Borisov's deformation of police officers and its personal determinants: Abstract for the degree of candidate of psychological sciences. - M., 1998., Tikhonenko of suicidal behavior: Method. Recommendations. M., 1980.

§ Bulatsel from ancient times to the present day. M., 1991.

§ Prevention of suicides of employees of internal affairs bodies. Methodological recommendations under the general editorship. Moscow Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation 1999.

§ Psychological support for the professional activities of police officers. Guidelines. Ed. et al. St. Petersburg, 1998.

Tasks for self-test:

1. The set of physiological reactions that underlies the adaptation of the body to changing environmental conditions and aimed at maintaining the relative constancy of its internal environment is called adaptation:

a) physiological

b) psychological

c) social

d) communicative

2. The presence of mechanisms of conscious self-regulation is the main difference:

a) physiological adaptation

b) psychological adaptation

c) social adaptation

d) biological adaptation

3. The adaptation of the individual to the conditions of interaction in society is called:

a) physiological adaptation

b) psychological adaptation

c) social adaptation

d) interactive adaptation

4. The mental state of a person caused by objectively insurmountable difficulties that arose in achieving a goal or solving a problem is called:

a) stress

b) frustration

c) neurosis

d) fatigue

5. A condition characterized by a temporary decrease in performance under the influence of prolonged exposure to a load is called:

a) fatigue

c) stress

d) neurosis

6. Suicidal behavior manifests itself in the following forms:

a) external

b) emotional

c) behavioral

d) characterological

7. Stages of development of suicidal behavior do not include:

a) intentions

c) intentions

8. External forms of suicidal behavior do not appear:

a) depressive states

b) alcohol abuse

c) intentional infliction of harm to one's health

d) causing harm to other people

Topic 4. Psychology of professional communication of police officers.

The main content of the topic:

The concept of communication. Unity of communication and activity. Types of communication. Social adaptation and social autonomy. Communicative, interactive, perceptual aspects of communication. Features of professional communication of an employee of the internal affairs bodies. Communication is the exchange of information. Communication and speech.

Mechanisms and patterns of perception of a person by a person. Communication as interpersonal interaction. Types of psychological influence. Social control and social norms as systems of regulation, interaction and relationships between people. Forms and role expectations in communication processes. Communication is the way people understand each other. Basic rules of productive communication.

Questions to the topic:

1. The concept of "communication" in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies.

When considering this issue, the most important is the analysis of the diversity of definitions of communication and the role of communication in legal practice.

2. Characteristics and content of communication. Mechanisms of influence in the process of communication.

The study of this issue should begin with the peculiarities of the mechanisms of influence in the process of professional communication of police officers.

3. The structure of communication between employees of internal affairs bodies .

The most important in the study of this issue is the psychological feature of each of the parties to the structure of communication.

4. Types of communication between police officers.

When studying this issue, the greatest attention should be paid to the classification of communication and to note the distinctive features of each type of communication.

5.Psychological components of professional communication of employees of internal affairs bodies.

Consideration of this issue aims to familiarize with the psychological components of professional communication of an employee of the internal affairs bodies: tactics, stages, methods of communication.

Main literature

§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Psychology of communication. M., 2002

§ Kazarinova communication. Lecture notes. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House, 2000.

§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.

Additional literature:

§ Gender and character. – M.: Forum, 1991.

§ Tricks of language. Changing beliefs with NLP. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Master of communication. Tips from a practicing psychologist St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002

§ Psychology of influence St. Petersburg: Peter, 2001

§ Body language. - Nizhny Novgorod: IQ Publishing House, 1992.

§ Development of effective communication skills St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002

§ Your secret weapon in communication. Mimicry, gesture, movement: Abbr. per. with him. - M.: JSC "Interexpert", 1996.

§ Collection of normative legal acts and documents regulating the activities of psychologists of bodies and departments of internal affairs. - M .: GUK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2001.

§ Tikhonov special personality traits in the process of professional training of employees, 2000

§ Tomilova - psychological conditions for the professional development of young police officers. M., 2000

§ Tutorial of communication. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Filatov psychology. Lecture notes. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House, 2000.

§ Psychology of influence. - St. Petersburg, 2002.

§ Social Psychology. Understand others to understand yourself St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002

§ П Psychology of influence: hidden control, manipulation and protection from them. - M., 2002

§ Eric Bern. Games People Play. People who play games. - St. Petersburg, 2002. Sign language - the path to success. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

Tasks for self-test:

1. Speech is:

a) mental phenomenon

b) reflection process

c) exchange of information between people

d) mental activity

2. Speech does not happen:

a) internal

b) external

c) active

d) egocentric

3. Interest in another person can be non-verbally expressed:

a) hands placed on thighs

c) stare

d) lightly touching it with hands

4. The main styles of communication are not:

a) ritual communication

b) social communication

c) manipulative communication

d) humanistic communication.

5. A feature of professional communication of employees is

a) extraordinary breadth and diversity of communication

b) planned and well-organized communication

c) forced nature,

d) high degree of conflict

Topic 5. Socio-psychological characteristics of the subdivision of police officers.

The main content of the topic:

The concept of a group in social psychology. Group classification. Small group structure. Position, status, internal setting and role. Composition and moral value orientations. psychological compatibility. Social norms and their functions. Formation of a small group as a team. Critical periods in the development of the team, their significance and ways to overcome them. The concept of excess activity. Leadership and group leadership. The individual characteristics of the leader. Leadership styles: authoritarian, democratic and liberal.

Interpersonal relations in groups and collectives. official and informal relationships. Relationships of leadership, leadership and subordination. Business and personal, rational and emotional relationships. Collectivist relations, their characteristics. Approaches to the study of relationships in a group: static and dynamic. The nature of the relationship depending on the level of development of the group. Interpersonal conflicts in the group and their classification. Sociometry and a static picture of intra-group relationships (J. Moreno).

Mass socio-psychological phenomena. Crowd, psychological mechanisms of its formation. Psychological methods of managing people in various types of crowds (panic, a crowd of rampaging fans at the stadium, unauthorized rallies, mass civil unrest) used by employees of the internal affairs bodies.

Accounting in social psychology of sexual, ethnic and age phenomena.

Group factors in the origin and development of antisocial behavior. Psychological characteristics of criminal groups. Primitive group. The structure of the primitive group.

The concept of the crowd. Types of crowd: casual, conventional, aggressive, acting. Socio-psychological conditions for the emergence and development of the crowd. Socio-psychological structure of the crowd. The role of the leader in the crowd. Rumors and their varieties. The role of rumors in the crowd. Panic. Types of panic Actions of employees of internal affairs bodies to prevent panic. Psychological features of the actions of employees to prevent and suppress associative forms of non-collective behavior.

Questions to the topic:

1. Criteria for the allocation of social groups. Typology of social groups.

In this issue, the most in-depth attention should be paid to the criteria for identifying groups and the psychological characteristics of each of the social groups.

2. Primitive group. Structure, rules.

When considering this issue, consideration of the psychological characteristics of the primitive group becomes relevant.

3. Subjects of non-collective behavior.

Consideration of the features of subjects of non-collective behavior becomes relevant in the field of activity of police officers, on this basis, it is advisable to dwell on the psychological patterns of interaction with subjects of non-collective behavior.

4. Types of the crowd and their features.

When considering this issue, it is necessary to consider in detail the types of the crowd and the stages of development of relationships in the crowd.

5. Aggressive crowd as a subject of non-collective behavior.

When studying this issue, the greatest attention should be paid to actions and preventive measures to prevent aggressive behavior.

Main literature

§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.

§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001

§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.

§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.

§ Stolyarenko of general psychology. M., 1999.

additional literature

§ Andreeva psychology. M., 1994.

§ Anikeeva climate in the team. - M., 1989. (The concept of the psychological climate in the team: 3-16. The effectiveness of group activities: 87-120).

§ Bodalev and understanding of man by man. M., 1982. From 5-

§ , Dubrovskaya small group. M., 1991.

§ Nemov. M., 1994. S. 431-433.

§ Psychology of emotions: Texts. Empathy. From 87.

§ Rubinstein and ways of development of psychology. M, 1960. P. 180-181.

Tasks for self-test:

1. Groups do not differ according to the criterion of organization

a) formal

b) informal

c) semi-formal

d) relatively formal

2. Groups are not distinguished by the criterion of existence time

a) short-term

b) permanent

c) episodic

d) temporary

3. Group,in which the individual is forced to be at the present moment

a) stay group

b) presence group

c) finding group

d) pastime group

4. A spontaneously emerging formation based on the basest motives of its members is

a) primitive hostel

c) primitive group

d) team

5. Does it correspond to the structure of "primitive" groups?

a) flexible hierarchical structure

b) rigid hierarchical structure

c) no hierarchical structure

d) indefinite hierarchical structure

Topic 6. Characteristics, prevention and resolution of conflicts in the activities of law enforcement officers.

The main content of the topic:

Conflicts in communication. Essence, structure and classification of conflicts. Conflict situation. Incident. Types of conflicts. constructive conflict. destructive conflict. intrapersonal conflict. Functions of conflicts: signal, diagnostic, restorative, regulatory. The reasons contributing to the emergence of conflicts and an unfavorable socio-psychological climate in the teams of employees of internal affairs bodies: objective, subjective, objective-subjective. Ways to prevent and resolve conflicts in the activities of police officers.

Questions to the topic:

1. Essence, structure and classification of conflicts.

When considering this issue, it is necessary to consider in more detail the classification of conflicts depending on the classification criteria.

2. Prevention and resolution of conflicts.

The main focus of attention in the study of this issue should be directed to ways and means of preventing or optimally resolving conflicts.

3. The nature of conflicts in the police department.

Considering this issue, it is necessary to find out the nature, causes and characteristics of conflicts in the internal affairs bodies.

Main literature

§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.

§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001

§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.

§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.

§ Stolyarenko of general psychology. M., 1999.

additional literature

§ Avdeev KV. Psychotechnology for solving problem situations. - M, 1992.

§ Ageev B. C. Intergroup interaction: socio-psychological problems. - M., 1990.

§ Andreev: the art of arguing, negotiating, conflict resolution. - Kazan, 1992.

§ , Shipilov. - M., 2001.

§ Babosov EM. Conflictology. - Minsk, 2000.

§, Zimina: the science of harmony. - Yekaterinburg, 1995.

§ Bern Eric. Games People Play. People who play games. - St. Petersburg, 1992.

§, Koryak, conflict! - Novosibirsk, 1989.

§ Braim business communication. - Minsk, 1996.

§ , Zakharov DK. Conflictology - M., 2000.

§ Grishina conflict. - SPb., 2000.

Tasks for self-test:

1. Stages of conflict development do not include:

a) conflict relations

b) contradictions

c) incident

2. Conflicts are:

a) international

b) interethnic

c) interpersonal

d) interintellectual

3. Strategies for behavior in conflicts are:

a) avoidance

b) cooperation

d) compromise

Topic 7. Psychological foundations of legal activity.

The main content of the topic:

The subject of legal psychology, its place in the system of psychological science. The main ways and directions of development of legal psychology.

Object, subject, tasks and methods of criminal psychology. The psychological meaning of the terms "crime" and "crime".

Psychology of operational-search activity. Tactics and methods of establishing and developing psychological contacts in the ORD. Psychological bases for assessing the personality of a person of interest in the operational-search activities of law enforcement agencies.

Questions to the topic:

1. The subject of legal psychology and its significance in legal activity.

When studying this issue, to reveal the psychological features of legal activity, consider the subject of legal psychology.

2. Psychology of operational-search activity: goals and objectives.

Considering this issue, the main emphasis should be placed on the tasks of operational-search psychology.

3. Object, subject, tasks and methods of criminal psychology.

When considering this issue, it is necessary to pay attention to the specific methods used in the framework of criminal psychology.

Main literature

1. Andreev ensuring the operational activities of employees: GUK MVD, 2004

2. Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

3. Yanaev psychology. M.: Shield-M, 2003

4. Enikeev psychology. M.: Norma, 2000

5., Skrypnikov ensuring the operational activities of employees: IMC of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2001

6., Prozorov in the activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies. - M., 2006.

7., Fundamentals of psychology for law enforcement officers. - M., 2005.

8. Marinovskaya and pedagogy in law enforcement. M.: Shield-M, 2003

9., Tsvetkov and pedagogy in law enforcement M .: Shield-M, 2000

11. Romanov psychology M.: Yurist, 2000

12., Romanov psychology (reader) M .: Jurist, 2000

13. Chufarovsky operational-search activity M.: Prospekt, 2003

Topic 8. Psychological characteristics of the main investigative actions.

The main content of the topic:

The concept of forensic psychology. The main tasks, goals and methods of forensic psychology. Psychological features of certain types of legal proceedings and various participants in the trial.

Psychology of inspection of the scene. Traces and results of criminal activity as semantic indicators of the criminal's behavior at the scene. Psychological techniques that increase the effectiveness and quality of the investigative examination.

Search psychology. Psychological features of the search activity of the employee during the search. Psychological techniques for enhancing the mental activity of an internal affairs officer and neutralizing the impact of negative factors on his psyche during a search.

Psychology of interrogation. The concept of psychological contact during interrogation. Psychological features of the interrogation of the victim. Techniques for neutralizing the aggressive behavior of interrogated persons. Psychology of interrogation at a confrontation.

Forensic psychological examination. Grounds, reasons for the appointment of a forensic psychological examination. Competence of the SPE. Evaluation and use of the conclusion of the PEA by the investigator, the court and the defense.

Questions to the topic:

1. Subject, tasks and goals of forensic psychology.

When studying this issue, it is advisable for students to consider in detail the tasks and goals of forensic psychology and compare them with the tasks of other areas of legal psychology.

2. Psychology of search and seizure.

When considering this issue, the trainees should especially note the psychological features of the search and seizure.

3. Psychology of inspection of the scene.

When studying this issue, the main direction should be the consideration of psychological patterns that must be taken into account when conducting an investigative examination.

4. Psychology of interrogation.

An important circumstance in considering this issue is the psychological content of the activities of the investigator during the interrogation.

5. Subject, grounds and reasons for the appointment of a forensic psychological examination.

Studying this issue, students should learn the basic requirements for the grounds for the appointment of a forensic psychological examination.

Main literature

§ Andreev ensuring the operational activities of employees: GUK MVD, 2004

§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§, Yanaev psychology. M.: Shield-M, 2003

§ Enikeev psychology. M.: Norma, 2000

§ , Skrypnikov ensuring the operational activities of employees: IMC of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2001

additional literature

§ , Kitaeva psychological research in the criminal process. Irkutsk, 2002

§ , Prozorov in the activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies. - M., 2006.

§, Fundamentals of psychology for law enforcement officers. - M., 2005.

§ Marinovskaya and pedagogy in law enforcement. M.: Shield-M, 2003

§, Tsvetkov and pedagogy in law enforcement M .: Shield-M, 2000

§ Romanov psychology M.: Yurist, 2000

§, Romanov psychology (reader) M .: Jurist, 2000

§ Samoukina psychology M.: Tandem, 2000

§ Chufarovsky operational-search activity M .: Prospekt, 2003

Topic 9. Psychological characteristics of the personality of the offender and criminal behavior.

The main content of the topic:

The concept of a criminal environment. Qualifications of criminals from the point of view of psychology. Socio-psychological mechanisms of criminal society. Criminal subculture (psychological analysis of current trends).

Structural-psychological analysis of criminal action. Interaction of objective and subjective factors. The concept of the motivational sphere of crime. The ratio of motive, purpose and result in intentional and reckless crimes.

The study of the personality of a criminal in criminal psychology (, etc.) The ratio of biological and social in a criminal personality. Psychological and criminological typologies of the personality of a criminal and certain categories of criminals.

Questions to the topic:

1. Psychology of the offender's personality.

2. Factors in the formation of the offender's personality.

3. Motivation of criminal behavior

Main literature

§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.

§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001

§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.

§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.

§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.

§ Stolyarenko of general psychology. M., 1999.

§ Chufarovskiy psychology. - M., 1995.

§ , Eminov criminal and investigation of crimes. - M.: Jurist, 1996.

§ Aggression. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997.

§, Strizhov and pedagogy in the law enforcement activities of police officers. - M., 1997.

§ Psychology. Pedagogy. Ethics: Textbook for universities // Pod. ed. . – M.: Law and law. Unity, 1999.

§ Psychology of influence. - St. Petersburg: Peter Kom, 1999.

Topic 10. Psychology of the criminal environment and criminal communities.

The main content of the topic:

Criminal group from the point of view of modern psychology. Psychological features of the formation and functioning of criminal groups. Psychological and forensic types of criminal groups and their structure (according to). Random criminal groups. Company type groups. Organized crime groups. Close-knit organized groups. Criminal communities, as well as various kinds of associations of organized criminal groups. Structural (complex) organized group. Organized crime group. Bandit formation. Criminal organization (community). Mafia. Cooperation of professional criminal leaders ("thieves in law"). Three categories of gangs: "classic gang", "specialized gang" and "reserves".

Psychological and forensic types of hooligan groups and their structure. Psychological analysis of the motives of hooligan actions. Psychology of disclosure and investigation of crimes committed by hooligan groups.

Leadership in criminal groups and organizations. Typology of leaders. Conflicts in criminal groups. Psychological features of the disclosure and investigation of crimes committed by a criminal group. Tactical and psychological methods of aggravating or creating a conflict between accomplices in the process of investigating a group crime.

Questions to the topic:

1. General characteristics and types of criminal groups.

Studying this issue, students should form an idea about the features of the characteristics of criminal groups.

2. Criminal groups of minors.

When considering this issue, the main emphasis should be directed to the psychological features of the creation and functioning of criminal groups of minors.

3. Criminal subculture.

When studying this issue, students need to conduct a comparative analysis of the concepts of "criminal environment" and "criminal subculture".

4. Psychology of criminal groups and organizations.

When mastering the material of this issue, it is necessary to consider in detail the psychological characteristics of criminal groups of different directions, age and gender characteristics.

Main literature

§ Gurov crime: past and present. - M.: Legal literature, 1990.

§ Industrial and organizational psychology: Textbook for universities. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2001.

§ Zhilin of the organization and tactics of combating the operational apparatus of the police with criminal groups: a study guide. - YuI Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 1995.

§ Applied Legal Psychology: Textbook for High Schools / Ed. . - M .: Unity - Dana, 2001.

Introduction

Poor professional and psychological training of an employee has been and continues to be a chronically painful flaw in his professional skills and activities.

Today it is clear that the professional and psychological preparedness of an employee is not just a desirable addition to his skill, but an obligatory component of professional skill. The professional skill of an employee of the internal affairs bodies, as a person experienced in legal matters, organically including a person and his psychology, consists not only of special legal training, but also professional and psychological preparedness. If he does not have such preparedness, there is no true skill.

In this regard, it is very important that employees can master methods that allow them to develop the necessary professionally important qualities that ensure the effectiveness of their professional activities, learn psychological techniques that increase the reliability of their activities, and allow them to work competently with people. Therefore, the organization of professional and psychological training for employees of internal affairs bodies is of great interest - a very promising area of ​​professional and psychological training.

Psychological features of the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies

Any professional activity imposes certain requirements on a person and leaves a peculiar imprint on his personality and whole way of life. And in order to determine what personal qualities that determine the effectiveness of professional activity, an employee of the internal affairs bodies should have, it is necessary to subject this activity itself to psychological analysis, to identify its specific features, to reveal its structure. Finding out the patterns of professional activity allows not only to study it, but also to develop a system of organizational measures aimed at its improvement.

The psychological features of the activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies are currently studied in some detail in legal psychology. At the same time, the development of this problem was carried out both in terms of a psychological analysis of the structure of the professional activity of employees of the internal affairs bodies, and in terms of the psychological characteristics of the complex of psychological characteristics inherent in it.

According to the authors who conducted these studies (Vasiliev V.L., Dulov A.V., Konovalova V.E., Ratinov A.R., Stolyarenko A.M. and others), the activity of an employee of the internal affairs bodies is characterized by the following specific psychological characteristics.

Firstly, this is the legal regulation of the activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies - one of the most specific features of professional activity in the internal affairs bodies. The activities of employees are strictly regulated by legal norms (legislative acts, regulatory documents of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, etc.). This feature distinguishes the work of employees of the internal affairs bodies from numerous branches of human practice, where the performance of work is determined by general plans or instructions and creates a wide opportunity for the free implementation of their personal ideas about the most effective organization of labor. Legal regulation subordinates the activities of the employee to the order strictly established by the norms of the law. Failure to perform or improper performance by an employee of their official duties is always a violation of a particular law. All this ultimately gives rise to increased employee responsibility for their decisions and actions.

This, however, does not mean that the employee is not free in his will, in the choice of means of carrying out activities, its most rational and effective organization. Among the psychological features of the professional activity of employees of the internal affairs bodies, one should also include the presence of a wide tactical scope, which is given to them within the framework of the norms of the law and professional morality.

Another psychological feature of the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies is the presence of power. In the interests of the cause, employees are granted the right, if necessary, to invade the privacy of people, find out circumstances that they often try to hide from others, enter the homes of citizens, restrict, in necessary cases, the freedom of individual citizens and even deprive them of it. The psychological state of an employee vested with this power is determined primarily by a high degree of responsibility, and the use of his powers involves solving a number of mental tasks that make it possible to determine the necessity and reasonableness of actions, their legal basis. Often this is due to the need to dwell on one of the options and therefore is characterized by particular tension. The ability to reasonably, legally use the granted power is one of the most important professional requirements for employees of the internal affairs bodies. To a large extent, the legitimacy and expediency of using power depends on the personal qualities of the employee.

An important psychological feature of the professional activity of employees is the constant confrontation and opposition of stakeholders. This gives the officer's activities in detecting, investigating and preventing crimes the character of a struggle, sometimes taking very sharp forms. The need to overcome dangerous situations, eliminate obstacles that are specially created in the way of an employee, cause him to have various emotional reactions, requires constant volitional tension and active mental activity. In conditions of active confrontation, there is a need for constant complex intellectual work, encryption of one's goals, and masking of real social roles.

The next characteristic feature of professional activity is broad communicativeness, as the ability to communicate with a wide range of environment. It is multifaceted and exceptional. The versatility of the employee's communication lies in the fact that he communicates with representatives of different age categories, with people of different professions, occupying different legal status. This requires knowledge of human psychology in general and the psychological foundations of communication in particular. The communication skills of an employee is a feature necessary for the proper organization of the production of various investigative, operational-search and preventive measures.

A distinctive feature of employee communication is that it requires reincarnation. The need for this is explained by the importance of establishing psychological contact with all persons falling within the scope of its activities.

The specific features of the professional activity of an employee include the lack of time and the presence of overloads in his work. Efficiency and speed are among the basic principles for the disclosure and investigation of crimes. The more the offender is at large, the more opportunities he has to evade responsibility, to destroy the traces of his criminal activity, to hide from the investigation. On his side is always a gain in time. Procrastination always leads to failure.

On the other hand, the shortage of time is manifested in the need to comply with the procedural and other deadlines that are allotted for the investigation of a criminal case, consideration of citizens' applications, etc. The employee is constantly in a tense state because of this. The fact that in other types of activity is characteristic only of "emergency situations" is common in the work of an employee of the internal affairs bodies.

Tension is also associated with the great physical and mental stress experienced by the employee due to the high extremeness of his activity, actions in a conflict situation, the impact of various kinds of stress factors, irregular working hours, the presence of a negative emotional coloring of activity, since the employee has to deal with manifestations of human grief, the difficult conditions of his official activity.

And of course, the professional activity of an employee is distinguished by a pronounced cognitive character, which requires not only a diverse solution of mental problems of various plans and difficulties, but also the organization of their practical implementation. At the same time, purely mental activity, with the aim of building various versions, drawing up plans for the implementation of operational and service activities and work plans as a whole, is combined with the practical organization of work that implements mental schemes and decisions.

In the professional activity of employees of internal affairs bodies, the following main elements can be distinguished: cognitive activity, constructive, organizational and communicative. Of course, in the actual activities of employees, each of these structural components is not found in its pure form: they all function in an organic unity.

cognitive activity. It is difficult to overestimate its importance for all activities of the employee. Without the implementation of cognitive activity, it is impossible to achieve any goal of the fight against crime, without knowledge, neither the activity as a whole, nor any of its components indicated above can be realized. Only as a result of the process of cognition does it become possible to purposefully carry out other actions of the employee.

In order to solve the problems of combating crime, the cognitive activity of an employee must ensure the establishment of facts, circumstances, causal dependencies related to events of the present, past, and future time. For example, in the collection, analysis, and generalization of information on identifying persons of operational interest and preventing their illegal actions in the future, all work is carried out to prevent crimes, as well as work to uncover committed crimes.

Taking into account the complexity, diversity, variety of tasks solved by the employee, the insufficiency and often inconsistency of their conditions, the variability of the initial data, the presence of elements of surprise, etc., one can rightfully classify the employee’s cognitive activity as creative, and the main form of providing knowledge in call it practical creative thinking.

constructive activity. It is understood as mental activity aimed at planning actions to detect, investigate, prevent crimes, search for hidden criminals, etc. If during the implementation of cognitive activity, thinking mainly seeks to answer questions that are still unknown, what needs to be additionally discovered, found to solve a specific problem, then in constructive activity, planning of the stages of cognitive activity is carried out, i.e. it gives an answer to the question in what sequence we will search for the unknown. In other words, the search and constructive activities of an employee are two sides of a single process of thinking, characterizing its different stages.

Organizational activity. It aims to provide optimal conditions for the implementation of all other types of professional activities of the employee. Its content is the management of the processes of disclosure, investigation, prevention of crimes, which is manifested in the operational management, accounting and control, maintaining interaction between the participants in these processes. It consists of both the transfer and exchange of information, and the organization of the actions of other persons who, by the nature of their duties, must follow the instructions of the employee.

Communicative activity. As noted above, the professional activity of an employee is characterized by wide communication. His communicative activity consists in obtaining the necessary information through communication, i.e. direct verbal contact with others in order to solve practical operational tasks. In order to influence people in the process of communication, the personality of an employee must harmoniously combine sufficiently high intelligence and erudition with a strong will, as well as a set of personal properties that determine his human attractiveness.

Even a cursory review of the main psychological features and structural elements of an employee's professional activity shows how complex and multifaceted his activity is. She makes many different demands on him, among which one of the most important is the possession of developed professionally significant personal qualities.

First of all, they include:

• - professional and psychological orientation of his personality;
• - psychological stability;
• - developed volitional qualities: the ability to control oneself in difficult situations, courage, courage, a reasonable inclination to take risks;
• - well-developed communication skills: the ability to quickly establish contact with various categories of people, establish and maintain trusting relationships;
• - the ability to have a psychological impact on people in solving various kinds of operational tasks;
• - role-playing skills, the ability to transform;
• - developed professionally significant cognitive qualities: professional observation and attentiveness, professionally developed memory, creative imagination;
• - professionally developed thinking, a tendency to intense mental work, quick wit, developed intuition;
• - Responsiveness, ability to navigate in a difficult environment.

These qualities are not inherent in a person initially. Their formation and development is a long and intense process, but this is a necessary condition for the professional development of an employee of the internal affairs bodies. The absence or insufficient development of these qualities of the employee's personality impede the normal implementation of his functional duties, give rise to errors in his activities, cause the processes of professional maladaptation and professional deformation of the personality. In this regard, professional and psychological training of employees is of great importance, one of the purposes of which is the formation of these qualities in employees.