Starter lds in a Christmas garland. Christmas tree garland scheme

The tradition of lighting lights on the Christmas tree originated long before the advent of electricity, so special candles were originally used as such decoration. They were extremely flammable, and often the holiday ended in tragedy. In particular, there are cases when "Christmas fires" turned entire city blocks into ashes or carried away human lives. The situation changed dramatically as soon as electric garlands appeared.

A bit of history

Until the middle of the last century, it was extremely difficult to find in Soviet stores, with the exception of Moscow and a couple of other large cities. That is why the only way to arrange illumination in the apartment was a home-made Christmas tree (every student knew how to connect the light bulbs), such decorations were made quite simply. Usually it was enough to be able to use a soldering iron. With its help, several ordinary small bulbs from or the backlight of a radio receiver were connected in series into a garland.

Later, a variety of luminous Christmas decorations appeared on sale, consisting of small-sized cartridges and shades of various shapes. Colored or transparent miniature incandescent lamps were screwed into them, which burned constantly while the garland was connected to the network.

Flashers and blinkers

Over time, the scheme of the Christmas tree garland became more complicated. She "learned" to blink, and musical variants also appeared. Quite simple K-155 and K-561 microcircuits were used as a basis for creating such decorations, and parts used in old synthesizers, such as UMS8-01, acted as a clock-setting generator. Such options were quite interesting, but later they gave way to more advanced models that allow you to create an original light and music design on the Christmas tree.

Flashing New Year's illumination for an apartment

The most simple circuit a Christmas tree garland with periodically turning on and off bulbs can be made by hand in just half an hour. The blinking frequency is set by selecting the resistor R2 (in the off state) with the desired resistance.

For a small Christmas garlands it is enough to replace the thyristor KU 2001L with KU 107B, thus reducing its power.

Scheme of a Christmas tree garland with smooth switching

To create the most simple design automatic lighting effects, no special efforts and knowledge are required. Below is a diagram of a Christmas tree garland with a smooth flashing of light bulbs.

The frequency of their switching is regulated by a multivibrator, which is assembled on the elements DD 1.3, DD 1.4. In this case, the shift in the moment of opening the thyristor VD 6 from the start of the half-cycle of the mains voltage occurs due to the delay in switching inverters on the logic elements DD 1.1 and DD 1.2.

The starting voltage phase shift, which determines the brightness of the glow of the garland lamps, is set using the resistor R6, and the desired switching frequency of the multivibrator is achieved using the R8 device.

When setting up a festive garland, first turn off one of the 2 terminals of the VD 11 diode and debug the power regulator so that when the slider of the resistor R6 is shifted, the illumination of the lamps changes from 0 to the nominal value. After connecting the VD 11 diode, the desired frequency is set by means of R8, with which the electric garlands made according to the proposed scheme should flash.

LED decoration. What will be required?

To make such a New Year's decor for the house is quite simple. For this you will need:

• the right number of multi-colored LEDs (20 mA);
• power supply 6 V;
• electrical wire with a cross section of 0.25 or 0.5 mm;
• 100 ohm resistor;
• rosin for a soldering iron;
• stationery or kitchen knife;
• soldering iron;
• sealant gun;
• solder;
• silicone transparent sealant.

How to make a Christmas tree garland from LEDs

First you need to decide at what distance the diodes will be located. Then proceed as follows:

Design

Having dealt with the technical side of creating New Year's light garlands, it makes sense to get acquainted with some creative ideas their design.

The simplest and most original option is to use multi-colored balls of thread, into which light bulbs will then be inserted. To make them, you need to dilute the PVA glue in water in a ratio of 1: 1. Then you need to inflate a small balloon with a diameter of 6-7 cm and grease its surface with petroleum jelly or vegetable oil. Next, moisten the thread in the adhesive solution and wrap the base with it. It is important to leave a small unwound area so that you can insert a light bulb. When the glue dries, the ball is pierced with a needle and carefully removed through the slot. Thus, the required number of "plafonds" for light bulbs is made.

To create a decor for a garland, ordinary ones are also suitable. They can be coated with golden or silver paint from aerosol can, and then make a cross cut on the bottom to embed the lamp.

Having shown a creative approach, you can use the most unexpected objects to create a garland. For example, 10-12 badminton shuttlecocks. They need to remove the "heads", paint the feathers or stick glitter on them, and then insert the light bulbs. You can also make paper flowers. In this case, even ordinary colored napkins can come up.

Now you know how to make a Christmas tree garland switch yourself and assemble it. Christmas decoration from the simplest ingredients.

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When at least some “flasher” is urgently needed, and there is no time to assemble a serious circuit, an ordinary starter will help out to start the LDS. To do this, it is enough to connect it to the break in the AC electrical circuit as shown in the figure:

When voltage is applied to the assembled device, the lamp garland of small-sized incandescent lamps begins to blink or flicker. The effect of the garland depends on the capacitance of the capacitor C1. With a relatively small capacitance of the capacitor in the range of 0.005-0.1 μF, the garland flickers unevenly. When the capacitance of capacitor C1 is from 0.25 to 1 μF, the garland lamps are lit for different periods of time in accordance with voltage pulses coming from an electronic structure connected in series with them, consisting of a capacitor and a starter. The duty cycle of the pulses depends on the capacitance C1.

The starter perceives the load in the same way as in classical scheme LDS management. The bimetal plates of the starter close and open, simultaneously discharging and allowing capacitor C1 to charge. A necessary condition for the operation of the circuit is an active load (garland or other), designed for an alternating voltage of 220 V and consuming current in the range of 0.1 - 1 A.

You can make a garland from series-connected miniature incandescent lamps 26 V, 0.3 A or similar, so that the total operating voltage of the entire garland exceeds 220 V. A variant of a garland of 18 lamps rated for a voltage of 13 V, or from 10 lamps per 24 V each. The lamps in a garland are connected in series, so the sum of the operating voltages of each lamp is the operating voltage of the entire garland. When identical incandescent lamps are connected in series, the current in the circuit will be equal to the operating current of one lamp.

Restrictions: you can not assemble a garland for connection to a 220 V network from different lamps, designed for both different voltages and operating current. Then the thread of one of the lamps, designed for the minimum allowable parameters, will inevitably burn out, and the entire garland will go out.

Capacitor C1 must be designed for an operating voltage of at least 300 V. When several parallel capacitors are connected, their capacitance increases, and when connected in series, it decreases. Capacitor C1 of type K73P-2 or similar is used.

When repeating and operating the proposed options, it is necessary to observe electrical safety measures: do not touch the contacts under life-threatening mains voltage of 220 V, and do not make changes (solder) in the assembled structure under voltage, and within 5 minutes after disconnecting from networks. The latter is due to the conservation of the voltage charge on the plates of the capacitor C1.

A.P. Kashkarov, "Likbez" radio amateur, 2008

Original taken from languagevizd in a flasher for a Christmas tree. weekend design

Now, when a wide variety of Christmas tree garlands with built-in lighting effects processors are sold literally on every corner, we somehow forgot the good old homemade flashing lights. But, after all, once many people made such devices with their own hands:

A starter from a fluorescent lamp is inserted in series into the break in the extension cord, which periodically turns on the garland. Here is a picture from an old Soviet magazine with a "principle diagram":

On the original circuit, as you can see, a capacitor with a capacity of approximately 0.01 - 1 microfarad with a voltage of 300 volts is also connected in parallel with the starter, but, as can be seen from the photo of the device made by me, it works without a capacitor:

AT ancient times old Lengvisd supplied all his relatives and friends with such a device, and for many it still works. And for the first time I assembled such a device at school, in the fourth or fifth grade before the control in physics. I plugged the starter into the office lighting wire in the floor panel.

Attention! Repeat only under adult supervision! Do not plug into an outlet when disassembled! Electricity is deadly!

Attention! If anyone wants to repeat the circuit shown in the picture from a Soviet magazine, look for a capacitor of any type, except for electrolytic ones, it does not matter, polar or non-polar, with an operating voltage of at least three hundred volts. Remember, an incorrectly selected part can injure and even fatally!!!