How is the theme of war represented in the work of A. T. Tvardovsky? (Based on the poem "Vasily Terkin") 1. The transformation of the former Vasya Terkin - a popular hero into a beloved character. 2. The image of the motherland in the poem. 3. The poem "Vasily Terkin" as an encyclopedia of war. 4. The attitude of the author to his work.

In addition to poems and essays written by Tvardovsky during the winter campaign of the Red Army in 1939-40, he took some part in the creation of a feuilleton character that appeared on the pages of the newspaper of the Leningrad Military District "On Guard of the Motherland" - a cheerful experienced soldier Vasya Terkin.
“The enormity of the formidable and sad events of the war” (to use the words from “Response to Readers ...”) sang to a significant transformation of the character of newspaper feuilletons of 1939-1940. The former Vasya Terkin was a simplified, lubok figure: "a hero, a fathom in his shoulders ... he takes enemies on a bayonet, like sheaves on a pitchfork." Perhaps the then widespread misconception about the ease of the upcoming campaign also affected here.
"Vasily Terkin" is a wonderful poem by A. T. Tvardovsky. From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, the poet was in the ranks of the Soviet army. He spent the entire war at the front, writing a large number of poems for the Red Army newspapers. In the difficult trials of the war, the main character of Tvardovsky's most popular poem, Vasily Terkin, an experienced, brave, resilient Russian soldier, was born and raised. The poem about Terkin was written by Tvardovsky throughout the war.
The image of Vasily Terkin is the result of a huge number of life observations. In order to give Terkin a universal, nationwide character, Tvardovsky chose a person who, at first glance, does not stand out for any special qualities. The hero does not express love and devotion to the Motherland in grandiloquent phrases.
Terkin - who is he? Let's be honest: It's just a guy by himself. He's ordinary. However, the guy though where. A guy like that In every company there is always, Yes, and in every platoon.
The poem has absorbed both grief and joy of the people, it contains lines that are harsh, mournful, but even more filled with folk humor, full of great love for life. It seemed incredible that one could write about the most cruel and difficult war in the history of nations in such a life-affirming way, with such a bright philosophy of life. Terkin is an experienced soldier, a participant in the war with Finland. In the Great Patriotic War, he participates from the first days: "in service since June, in battle since July." Terkin is the embodiment of the Russian character.
Like from the western border
He retreated to the east;
How did he go, Vasya Terkin,
From the reserve private,
In a salted tunic
Hundreds of miles of native land.
How big is the earth
Greatest land.
And she was a bona husband.
Someone else's, and then - his own.
Soldiers consider Terkin to be their boyfriend and are glad that he got into their company. Terkin has no doubts about the final victory. In the chapter “Two Soldiers”, when the old man asks if he can beat the enemy, Terkin replies: “We will beat him, father.” He is convinced that true heroism lies not in the beauty of the pose. Terkin thinks that in his place every Russian soldier would have acted exactly the same.
I would have dreamed, not for the sake of glory Before the morning of combat, I would have wished, on the right bank, Having passed the battle, enter alive.
The image of the Motherland in the poem is always imbued with deep love. This is an old mother, and vast expanses, and a great land on which real heroes are born. The Fatherland is in danger, and it is the duty of everyone to defend it at the cost of their own lives.
The year has come, the turn has come, Now we are responsible for Russia, for the people And for everything in the world. From Ivan to Thomas, Dead or alive, All of us together - this is us, That people, Russia. And since it's us, I'll tell you, Shch>atsy, We have nowhere to go from this mess. Here you will not say: I am not me. I know nothing. You can't prove that your hut is on the edge. It is not great for you to think alone. Bomb is stupid. Goes Foolishly straight to the point. Forget yourself in the war
Remember honor, however,
Rvis to the point - chest to chest.
Fight means fight.
The poem "Vasily Terkin" can be called an encyclopedia of the Great Patriotic War. In addition to the main character, there are many other characters in the poem - soldiers serving with Terkin, ordinary residents experiencing a terrible time in the rear or German captivity. Today we can say with confidence that the poem "Vasily Terkin" remains one of the most beloved works about the war.
The author himself wrote about The Book for a Fighter: “whatever its own literary significance, for me it was true happiness. She gave me a sense of the legitimacy of the artist's place in the great struggle of the people, a sense of the obvious usefulness of my work.

Tvardovsky A. T.

Composition based on the work on the topic: The theme of war in modern literature (based on the poem by A. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin")

The largest poetic work about the Great Patriotic War is Alexander Tvardovsky's poem "Vasily Terkin".
Many years have passed since that tragic and heroic time, but everyone reads “Vasily Terkin” with the same interest, because this work reflects the great feat of our people, who defeated German fascism.
Such a poem could be born in the heart of a poet only in a war in which the author was a participant. Even without knowing about this fact in advance, the reader will guess about it in the process of reading. So accurately and expressively the poet captured all the circumstances of a soldier's life, the experiences of a front-line soldier - from love for his native land to the habit of sleeping in a hat. What makes Tvardovsky's poem a work of wartime is, first of all, the connection between the content and form of the poem and the state of mind in which it was among the soldiers of that great war.
An important point of the poem, I think, is that the poet depicted the opposition to fascism of all the peoples inhabiting Russia, which were then part of the Soviet Union. The unity of all nations and nationalities helped to overcome a strong enemy. Everyone understood that their continued existence on earth depended on victory. Hitler wanted to destroy entire nations. The hero of Tvardovsky said this in simple, memorable words:

The fight is holy and right.
Mortal combat is not for glory,
For life on earth.

Tvardovsky's poem was the expression of the unity of the people's spirit. The poet specially chose for the poem the most simple folk. He did this so that his words and thoughts would reach every compatriot. When, for example, Vasily Terkin told his fellow fighters that

Russia, old mother,
We cannot lose.
Our grandfathers, our children,
Our grandchildren do not order, -

these words could be repeated with him by a Ural steelmaker, a peasant from Siberia, a Belarusian partisan, and a scientist from Moscow.
The poet, together with his hero, survived all the hardships and bitterness of the war. He truthfully describes the drama of the retreat of our army, the life of a soldier, the fear of death, the grief of a soldier who hurries to his newly liberated native village and finds out that he no longer has a home or relatives. You can not indifferently read the lines about how

Homeless and homeless
Returning to the battalion
The soldier ate his cold soup
After all, and he cried.
On the edge of a dry ditch
With a bitter, childish trembling of the mouth,
I cried, sitting with a spoon in my right,
With bread in the left, - an orphan.

The truth that Tvardovsky's poem carries in itself is often very bitter, but never cold. She is always warmed by the author's warmth of heart, his sympathy for the soldiers of our army and, in general, for “ours” - this kind word of that wartime is heard more than once in the poem. I like that love and kindness are present here not in the form of some special explanations, but simply live in every word, in every intonation.

Take a look - and really - guys!
How, in truth, yellowmouth
Is he single, married,
This shorn people.
Past their swirling temples,
Beside their boyish eyes
Death in battle whistled often
And blowjob this time?

All these guys, not excluding Terkin himself, are ordinary people, and they are shown in the most everyday circumstances. The author deliberately avoids describing heroic moments, because he knows from his own experience that war is hard work. With him, “the infantry slumbers, crouching, with their hands in their sleeves” or “a rare rain falls, an evil cough torments the chest. Not a piece of native newspaper - to wrap a goat's leg. The fighters start talking not at all about “high” topics - for example, about the advantage of a boot over a felt boot. And they end their “war-work” not under the columns of the Reichstag, not at a festive parade, but where any suffering usually ends in Russia - in a bathhouse.
So, in Tvardovsky's poem, an ordinary person, an ordinary soldier, became a symbol of the victorious people. The poet made his experiences understandable and close to us, his descendants. We treat his Vasily Terkin with gratitude and love. With these same virtues and also with its democratism, the “book for a fighter” has become close to front-line readers as well.
It is known that for works of art time is the most important critic, and many books do not stand this cruel test. Our time is also not the last milestone on the path of Tvardovsky's work. Perhaps the next generations of Russians will read it from some other angle. But I am sure that the poem will still be read, because the conversation in it is about the enduring values ​​of our life - the motherland, kindness, truth. The author, as if foreseeing the future life of his work, made the end of the poem a parting word:

The story of a memorable year,
This book about a fighter
I started from the middle
And ended without end

With a thought, maybe bold
Dedicate your favorite work
Fallen sacred memory,
To all friends of the war time,
To all hearts whose judgment is dear.

I think that Tvardovsky is absolutely right - real poetry has neither end nor beginning. And if it was born by reflections on the fate and feat of arms of an entire people, then even more so it can count on eternity.

http://vsekratko.ru/tvardovskiy/vasilijterkin9

The name of Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky, the greatest Soviet poet, laureate of the Lenin and State Prizes, is widely known in our country.

Freedom, humor, truthfulness, prowess, naturalness of immersion in the elements of folk life and folk speech conquered and still conquer the readers of Tvardovsky.

His poems enter the mind of the reader from childhood: “Country Ant”, “Terkin in the next world”, “House by the road”, “Beyond the distance”, lyrics, etc.

Alexander Tvardovsky is one of the most dramatic figures in literature and Soviet reality of the mid-20th century, a great national poet.

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky was born in 1910 on one of the farms in the Smolensk region, into a peasant family. For the formation of the personality of the future poet, the relative erudition of his father, love for the book, which he brought up in his children, also mattered. “Entire winter evenings,” writes Tvardovsky in his autobiography, “we often devoted ourselves to reading a book aloud. My first acquaintance with "Poltava" and "Dubrovsky" by Pushkin, "Taras Bulba" by Gogol, the most popular poems by Lermontov, Nekrasov, A.K. Tolstoy, Nikitin happened exactly in this way.

In 1938, an important event took place in the life of Tvardovsky - he joined the ranks of the Communist Party. In the autumn of 1939, immediately after graduating from the Moscow Institute of History, Philosophy and Literature (IFLI), the poet participated in the liberation campaign of the Soviet Army in Western Belarus (as a special correspondent for a military newspaper). The first meeting with the heroic people in a military situation was of great importance for the poet. According to Tvardovsky, the impressions received then anticipated those deeper and stronger ones that flooded over him during the Second World War. Artists drew amusing pictures depicting the unusual front-line adventures of an experienced soldier Vasya Terkin, and poets composed text for these pictures. Vasya Terkin is a popular popular character who performed supernatural, dizzying feats: he got a tongue, pretending to be a snowball, covered his enemies with empty barrels and lit up, sitting on one of them, “he takes the enemy with a bayonet, like sheaves with a pitchfork.” This Terkin and his namesake - the hero of the poem of the same name by Tvardovsky, who gained nationwide fame - are incomparable.

For some slow-witted readers, Tvardovsky will subsequently specifically hint at the deep difference that exists between a genuine hero and his namesake:

Can't we conclude now?

What, they say, grief is not a problem,

What the guys got up, took

Tree without difficulty?

What about constant luck

Terkin accomplished a feat:

Russian wooden spoon

Eight Fritz laid down!

The first morning of the Great Patriotic War found Tvardovsky in the Moscow region, in the village of Gryazi, Zvenigorod district, at the very beginning of his vacation. In the evening of the same day he was in Moscow, and a day later he was sent to the headquarters of the South-Western Front, where he was to work in the front-line newspaper Red Army.

Some light on the life of the poet during the war is shed by his prose essays “Motherland and foreign land ~, as well as the memoirs of E. Dolmatovsky, V. Muradyan, E. Vorobyov, 0. Vereisky, who knew Tvardovsky in those years, V. Lakshin and V. Dementiev , to whom Alexander Trifonovich later told a lot about his life. So, he told V. Lakshin that “in 1941 near Kyiv ... he barely got out of the encirclement. The editorial office of the newspaper of the South-Western Front, in which he worked, was located in Kyiv. It was ordered not to leave the city until the last hour ... The army units had already retreated beyond the Dnieper, and the editorial office was still working ... Tvardovsky escaped by a miracle: the regimental commissar took him into his car, and they barely jumped out of the closing ring of German encirclement. In the spring of 1942, he was encircled for the second time - this time near Kanev, from which, according to I. S. Marshak, he came out again by a “miracle”. In mid-1942, Tvardovsky was moved from the Southwestern Front to the Western Front, and now, until the very end of the war, the editorial office of the front-line newspaper Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda became his home. It became the home of the legendary Terkin.

During the war years, A. Tvardovsky created and his most famous poem "Vasily Terkin". His hero has become a symbol of the Russian soldier, his image is an extremely generalized, collective, folk character in its best manifestations. And at the same time, Terkin is not an abstract ideal, but a living person, a cheerful and crafty interlocutor. His image combined the richest literary and folklore traditions, modernity, and autobiographical features that make him related to the author (it is not for nothing that he is from Smolensk, and in the monument to Terkin, which is now decided to be erected on Smolensk land, it is not by chance that it was decided to designate the portrait resemblance of the hero and its creator).

They say that they were going to erect or have already erected a monument to the fighter Vasily Terkin. A monument to a literary hero is a rare thing in general, and especially in our country. But it seems to me that the hero of Tvardovsky deserved this honor by right. Indeed, along with him, millions of those who in one way or another resembled Vasily, who loved their country and did not spare their blood, who found a way out of a difficult situation and knew how to brighten up front-line difficulties with a joke, who loved to play the accordion and listen to music on halt. Many of them did not even find their own grave. Let the monument to Vasily Terkin be a monument to them.

If I were asked why Vasily Terkin became one of my favorite literary characters, I would say: "I like his love of life." Look, he is at the front, where every day is death, where no one is "bewitched by a foolish fragment, from any stupid bullet." Sometimes he freezes or starves, has no news from his relatives. And he does not lose heart. Live and enjoy life

"After all, he is in the kitchen - from the place,

From a place - into battle,

Smokes, eats and drinks with gusto

Any position."

"I will peep, howl in pain,

Dying in the field without a trace

But you willingly

I will never give up"

He whispers. And the warrior conquers death.

"A book about a fighter" was very necessary at the front, it lifted the spirit of the soldiers, encouraged them to fight for the Motherland to the last drop of blood.

Terkin is both a fighter, a hero who performs fantastic feats, described with the hyperbolic nature inherent in the folklore type of narration (for example, in the chapter "Who shot?" He shoots down an enemy plane with a rifle), and a man of extraordinary stamina - in the chapter "Crossing" it is told about the feat - Terkin swims across the icy river to report that the platoon is on the right bank - and a craftsman, a jack of all trades. The poem was written with that amazing classical simplicity, which the author himself designated as a creative task:

"Let the reader be probable

He will say with a book in his hand:

- Here are the verses, but everything is clear,

Everything is in Russian."

Terkin embodies the best features of the Russian soldier and the people as a whole. A hero named Vasily Terkin first appears in the poetic feuilletons of the Tvardov period of the Soviet-Finnish war (1939-1940). The words of the hero of the poem:

"I am the second, brother, war

I'm fighting for the ages"

The poem is built as a chain of episodes from the military life of the protagonist, which do not always have a direct event connection with each other. Terkin tells young soldiers about the everyday life of the war with humor; says that he has been fighting since the very beginning of the war, he was surrounded three times, was wounded. The fate of an ordinary soldier, one of those who bore the brunt of the war on his shoulders, becomes the personification of the national fortitude, the will to live. Terkin swims across the icy river twice to re-establish contact with advancing units; Terkin occupies a German dugout alone, but comes under fire from his own artillery; on the way to the front, Terkin finds himself in the house of old peasants, helping them with the housework; Terkin steps into hand-to-hand combat with the German and, with difficulty, overcoming, takes him prisoner. Unexpectedly for himself, Terkin shoots down a German attack aircraft from a rifle; Terkin reassures the envious sergeant:

“Do not worry, the German has this

Not the last plane

Terkin takes over command of the platoon when the commander is killed and breaks into the village first; however, the hero is again seriously wounded. Lying wounded in the field, Terkin converses with Death, who persuades him not to cling to life; in the end, he is discovered by the fighters, and he tells them:

"Remove this woman,

I am a soldier still alive

The image of Vasily Terkin combines the best moral qualities of the Russian people: patriotism, readiness for a feat, love for work.

The character traits of the hero are interpreted by the poet as traits of the collective image: Terkin is inseparable and inseparable from the militant people. It is interesting that all fighters - regardless of their age, tastes, military experience - feel good with Vasily; wherever he appears - in battle, on vacation, on the way - contact, friendliness, mutual disposition are instantly established between him and the fighters. Literally every scene is about it. The fighters listen to Terkin's playful bickering with the cook at the first appearance of the hero:

And sitting under a pine tree,

He eats porridge, hunched over.

"Mine?" - fighters among themselves, -

I do not need, brothers, orders,

I don't need fame.

In the field of view of A.T. Tvardovsky in the poem "Vasily Terkin" is not only the front, but also those who work in the rear for the sake of victory: women and the elderly. The characters of the poem not only fight - they laugh, love, talk with each other, and most importantly - dream of a peaceful life. The reality of war is united by what is usually incompatible: tragedy and humor, courage and fear, life and death.

The poem "Vasily Terkin" is distinguished by a kind of historicism. Conventionally, it can be divided into three parts, coinciding with the beginning, middle and end of the war. The poetic comprehension of the stages of the war creates a lyrical chronicle of events from the chronicle. A feeling of bitterness and sorrow fills the first part, faith in victory fills the second, the joy of the liberation of the Fatherland becomes the leitmotif of the third part of the poem. This is explained by the fact that A.T. Tvardovsky created the poem gradually, throughout the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

The theme of war is deeply and fully revealed in the works of the great writer of the 20th century Mikhail Sholokhov.

Mikhail Sholokhov, everyone opens it in their own way. Everyone likes their hero of Sholokhov's stories. This is understandable. After all, the fate of the heroes, the problems raised by Sholokhov, are in tune with our time.

But my Sholokhov is not only the author of works. First of all, he is a man of interesting, bright destiny. Judge for yourself: at the age of sixteen, young Sholokhov miraculously survived, falling into the hands of the power-hungry Nestor Makhno, and at the age of thirty-seven he saved his friends from persecution and repression more than once. He was accused of plagiarism, sympathy for the white movement, they tried to poison him, kill him. Yes, many trials fell to the lot of this writer. But he did not become like grass, which "grows, obediently bending under the disastrous breath of worldly storms." Despite everything, Sholokhov remained a straightforward, honest, truthful person. In his work, Sholokhov expressed his attitude to the war, which was a tragedy for the people. It is disastrous for both sides, brings irreparable losses, cripples souls. The writer is right: it is unacceptable when people, rational beings, come to barbarism and self-destruction.

In the midst of the Great Patriotic War, Sholokhov "started work on the novel "They Fought for the Motherland". Since 1943, the first chapters began to be published in newspapers, and then they came out as a separate edition. The published chapters tell about the dramatic period of the retreat of Russian troops under the onslaught of superior forces Russian soldiers withdrew with heavy fighting, and then stood to death near Stalingrad.

The novel simply and truthfully reproduces the heroism of Soviet soldiers, front-line life, comradely conversations, unbreakable friendship sealed with blood. The reader closely got to know and fell in love with the worker-miner Pyotr Lopakhin, combine operator Ivan Zvyagintsev, agronomist Nikolai Streltsov, Siberian armor-piercer Akim Borzykh, corporal Kochetygov.

Very different in character, they are connected at the front by male friendship and boundless devotion to the Motherland.

Nikolai Streltsov is oppressed by the retreat of his regiment and personal grief: before the war, his wife left, he left his children with his old mother. This does not prevent him from fighting heroically. In battle, he was shell-shocked and deaf, but he escapes from the hospital to the regiment, in which only twenty-seven people remained after the battles: “The blood from my ears has stopped flowing, the nausea has almost stopped. Why would I lay there... And then, I just couldn't stay there. The regiment was in a very difficult situation, there were not many of you left ... How could I not come? After all, even a deaf person can fight next to his comrades, right Petya?”

Pyotr Lopakhin "... wanted to hug and kiss Streltsov, but a hot spasm suddenly squeezed his throat ...".

Ivan Zvyagintsev, before the war, a combine operator, a hero, a simple-hearted man, seeks to console Streltsov, complains to him about his supposedly unsuccessful family life. Sholokhov describes this story with humor.

The words of the division commander Marchenko - "let the enemy temporarily triumph, but victory will be ours" - reflected the optimistic idea of ​​the novel, its chapters, published in 1949.

Sholokhov's meeting with General Lukin led to the appearance of a new hero in the novel - General Streltsov, brother of Nikolai Streltsov. In 1936, Lukin was repressed, in 1941 he was released, restored to his rank and sent to the army. Lukin's 19th Army took on the attack of Goth's 3rd Panzer Group and part of the divisions of Strauss's 9th Army west of Vyazma. For a week, Lukin's army held back the German advance. General Lukin was seriously wounded and taken prisoner during the battle. He courageously endured all the hardships of captivity.

In the novel, General Streltsov, who returned from "places not so remote" to his brother's house, is resting. Unexpectedly, he was summoned to Moscow: “Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov remembered me! Well, let's serve the Motherland and our Communist Party!”

All battle episodes produce a strong emotional impact. Here we see how "one hundred and seventeen fighters and commanders - the remnants of a regiment brutally battered in recent battles - walked in a close column," how the soldiers retained the regimental banner.

Lopakhin is grieving the death of Lieutenant Goloshchekov, who fought heroically. Sergeant Major Poprishchenko said at the grave of Goloshchekov: “Maybe you, Comrade Lieutenant, will still hear our walk ...” With admiration, Lopakhin says about Kochetygov: “How did he set fire to the tank? The tank had already crushed him, falling asleep halfway, crushing his entire chest. He was bleeding from his mouth, I saw it myself, and he got up in the trench, dead, got up, on his last breath! And he threw a bottle ... And lit it!

Lopakhin knocked out a tank and shot down a heavy bomber during the battle.

During the retreat, Streltsov worries: “... with what eyes do the inhabitants see us off ...” Lopakhin also worries about this, but replies: “They beat us? So, rightfully beaten. Fight better, you sons of bitches!”

Combine operator Zvyagintsev sees burning ripe bread for the first time in the steppe. His soul was "suffocated". He speaks to the ear: “My dear, how smoked you are! You stink of smoke - like a gypsy ... That's what the damned German, his ossified soul, did to you.

Descriptions of nature in the novel are linked to the military situation. For example, before the eyes of Streltsov there is a killed young machine gunner who fell between blooming sunflowers: “Maybe it was beautiful, but in war external beauty looks blasphemous ...”

It is appropriate to recall one meeting between Sholokhov and Stalin, which took place on May 21, 1942, when Sholokhov arrived from the front to celebrate his birthday. Stalin invited Sholokhov to his place and advised him to create a novel in which "truthfully and vividly ... both the heroes of the soldiers and the brilliant commanders, participants in the current terrible war ..." were depicted. In 1951, Sholokhov admitted that "the image of the great commander does not work."

Based on the novel "They Fought for the Motherland", S. Bondarchuk directed a film approved by Sholokhov himself.

The novel "They Fought for the Motherland" deeply reveals the Russian national character, which clearly manifested itself in the days of severe trials. The heroism of the Russian people in the novel is devoid of outwardly brilliant manifestation and appears before us in a modest attire of everyday life, battles, transitions. Such an image of the war leads the reader to the conclusion that the heroic is not in individual feats, although they are very bright, calling for them, but the whole front-line life is a feat.

Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov is a wonderful master of words, who managed to create monumental canvases of folk life, penetrate into the spiritual world of a person, he conducts a serious conversation with the reader "without the slightest concealment, without the slightest falsehood."

During the Great Patriotic War, the writer was faced with the task of hitting the enemy with his full of burning hatred, strengthening the love for the Motherland among the Soviet people. In the early spring of 1946, i.e. in the first post-war spring, Sholokhov accidentally met an unknown person on the road and heard his story-confession. For ten years the writer nurtured the idea of ​​the work, the events were becoming a thing of the past, and the need to speak out was increasing. And in 1956, in a few days, the epic story "The Fate of a Man" was completed. This is a story about great suffering and great resilience of a simple Soviet man. The protagonist Andrei Sokolov lovingly embodies the features of the Russian character, enriched by the Soviet way of life: stamina, patience, modesty, a sense of human dignity, merged with a sense of Soviet patriotism, with great responsiveness to someone else's misfortune, with a sense of collective cohesion.

The fate of Sokolov, the protagonist of this story, is full of such severe trials, such terrible losses, that it seems impossible for a person to endure all this and not break down, not lose heart. It is no coincidence, therefore, that this person is taken and shown in the utmost tension of spiritual forces. The whole life of the hero passes before us. He is the age of the century. From childhood I learned how much "a pound is dashing", in the civil war he fought against the enemies of Soviet power. Then he leaves his native Voronezh village for the Kuban. He returned home, worked as a carpenter, mechanic, driver, created a beloved family. The war broke all hopes and dreams. He goes to the front. From the beginning of the war, from its first months, he was twice wounded, shell-shocked, and, finally, the worst thing was captured. The hero had to experience inhuman physical and mental anguish, hardship, torment. Sokolov has been experiencing the horrors of fascist captivity for two years. At the same time, he managed to maintain the activity of the position. He tries to escape, but unsuccessfully, cracking down on a coward, a traitor who is ready, to save his own skin, to betray the commander. With great clarity, self-esteem, great fortitude and endurance were revealed in the moral duel between Sokolov and Muller. The exhausted, exhausted, exhausted prisoner is ready to meet death with such courage and endurance that it amazes even the commandant of the concentration camp, who has lost his human appearance. Andrei still manages to escape, he again becomes a soldier. But the troubles do not leave him: his home was destroyed, his wife and daughter were killed by a fascist bomb. In a word, Sokolov lives now - the hope of meeting his son. And this meeting took place. For the last time, the hero stands at the grave of his son, who died in the last days of the war. It would seem that everything is over, but life "distorted" a person, but could not break and kill the living soul in him. The post-war fate of Sokolov is not easy, but he steadfastly and courageously overcomes his grief, loneliness, despite the fact that his soul is full of a constant feeling of grief. This inner tragedy requires a great effort of strength and will of the hero. Sokolov wages a continuous struggle with himself and emerges victorious from it, he gives joy to a little man by adopting an orphan like him, Vanyusha, a boy with "eyes as bright as the sky." The meaning of life is found, grief is conquered, life triumphs. “And I would like to think,” writes Sholokhov, “that this Russian man, a man of unbending will, will survive, and one will grow up near his father’s shoulder, who, having matured, will be able to withstand everything, overcome everything in his path, if his Motherland calls him to this” .

Sholokhov's story is permeated with deep, bright faith in man. At the same time, its title is symbolic, because it is not just the fate of the soldier Andrei Sokolov, but it is a story about the fate of a person, about the fate of the people. The writer is aware of his obligation to tell the world the harsh truth about the huge price paid by the Soviet people for the right of mankind to the future. All this is due to the outstanding role of this short story. "If you really want to understand why Soviet Russia won a great victory in the Second World War, watch this film," wrote one English newspaper about the film "The Fate of a Man", and therefore about the story itself.

Let us recall the time in which the works of Tvardovsky and Sholokhov were created. The inhuman Stalinist policy was already triumphant in the country, general fear and suspicion penetrated all sectors of society, collectivization and its consequences destroyed centuries-old agriculture and undermined the best forces of the people. All this left its mark on literature. Therefore, most of the works of pre-war literature depicted the Russian people as dark and downtrodden. All manifestations of living feelings were considered sedition.

But the Great Patriotic War broke out, which demanded the exertion of all physical and spiritual forces from the country. The country's leadership understood that without a popular upsurge, the war could not be won. And the people themselves, feeling a mortal threat not only to their freedom, but also to the very existence of the Russian land, from the first days of the war showed miracles of stamina and heroism.

This manifestation of popular character was noticed by military literature. Works by I. Ehrenburg, A. Tolstoy, K. Simonov, A. Tvardovsky, A. Surkov, M. Sholokhov appear in front-line newspapers, in which a simple Russian person is portrayed with warmth and sympathy, the authors treat the courage of their heroes with respect and love . In this row are the heroes of the works of Tvardovsky and Sholokhov - Vasily Terkin and Andrei Sokolov. At first glance, they seem to be completely opposite figures. Indeed, Terkin is a merry fellow, they say about such people, "that you won't get into your pocket for a red word." Sokolov, on the other hand, is a tragic figure, each of his words is endowed with suffering, carries the burden of worldly suffering. But, despite the apparent difference, there is something that unites these heroes. Both of them are representatives of the people, bright bearers of its original individuality, those features that are inherent in the character of the whole people. These features are common in Terkin and Sokolov.

The main of these traits is love and affection for one's native country. The heroes of both writers always remember their native places, their homeland. In these heroes, mercy, the greatness of the soul attracts. They went to war not because of a warlike instinct, but "for the sake of life on earth." The defeated enemy evokes in them only a feeling of pity (Terkin's appeal to the German).

Another important feature of the heroes is modesty. Terkin, although he can boast sometimes, tells his friends that he does not need an order, he "agrees on a medal." In Sokolov, the same trait is evidenced by the obvious reluctance with which he began a bitter story about his life. After all, he has nothing to be ashamed of! In his youth, he made mistakes, but the dedication that he showed during the years of trials should atone for his sins a hundredfold.

The heroes of Sholokhov and Tvardovsky have such charming features as worldly intelligence, a mocking attitude towards enemies and any difficulties. Terkin is the most characteristic exponent of these qualities. Let us recall his playful appeal to Death. The next trait is heroism. Let us recall the behavior of Andrei Sokolov in captivity, the heroism of Terkin at the front, when in November he had to cross the Dnieper twice in order to save his own and ask for reinforcements.

All of the above leads us to an important conclusion about the great vitality of the heroes, the strength of the national character. Here Sholokhov and Tvardovsky continue the tradition begun in Russian literature by the works of Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoy, Leskov and other writers, in which a simple Russian person is the focus of the strength and vitality of the people. The actions of Terkin and Sokolov lead the reader to realize the greatness of the Russian people, refute the dogmas of the stilted literature of the "class approach".

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Works on literature: Everyday military life in the poem by A. T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin"

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky wrote an outstanding work about the war - the poem "Vasily Terkin". The book was very fond of almost everyone who read it, and this is no coincidence: after all, no one had written about the Great Patriotic War before Tvardovsky. Many outstanding commanders published their books, which told about the plans for grandiose battles, about the movements of armies, about the intricacies of military art. The military leaders knew and saw what they wrote about, and they had every right to cover this particular side of the war. But there was another life, a soldier's, about which you need to know no less than about strategy and tactics. It is very important to understand the problems, experiences and joys of ordinary people. It is probably difficult to imagine a person who did not take part in the war the life of a simple soldier. Tvardovsky tells us about her very truthfully, without embellishment, without saying anything. The writer himself was at the front, learned about everything firsthand. Tvardovsky understood that the victory over Germany consisted of feats accomplished by ordinary people, ordinary soldiers, such as the main character of his poem, Vasily Terkin. Who was Vasily Terkin? A simple fighter, which you can often meet in a war. Do not occupy him with a sense of humor, because

In a one minute war

Can't live without a joke

Jokes of the most unwise.

Tvardovsky himself says of him:

Terkin - who is he?

Let's be frank:

Just a guy himself

He is ordinary.

In the chapter "Terkin - Terkin" we meet another fighter with the same surname and the same name, and he is also a hero. Terkin speaks of himself in the plural, thus showing that he is a collective image. The first feat of Terkin, which we learn about, is an escape from German captivity. In those days, he could be shot for not committing suicide. This is what the leadership of the country called for all the prisoners in Germany. But what is the fault of a person who has fallen into the hands of enemies? He didn't do it of his own free will. Terkin was not afraid, he fled from there to defend the Motherland from the enemy again. Despite this, he felt guilty:

Went into any house

Like something to blame

Before her. What could he...

We see that often in war, fighters feel guilty because someone died. When, during the crossing, one of the platoons remained on the enemy shore, other soldiers avoided talking about it:

And the guys are silent about him

In the combat native circle,

Like something to blame

Who is on the left bank.

The soldiers no longer hoped to see their comrades alive, mentally said goodbye to them, and suddenly the sentinels saw some dot in the distance. Of course, they discuss what they saw, express different opinions, but they don’t even dare to think that someone could swim alive from the other side. But the fact of the matter is that Terkin again committed a heroic deed - he got to his own people through icy water, which is "cold even for fish." By doing this, he saved the life of not only himself, but also the whole platoon, for which people were sent. Terkin acted very courageously, not everyone would dare to do such a thing. The lieutenant colonel's soldier asked for a second glass of vodka: "there are two ends." Terkin cannot leave his friends in the dark, so he sails back to the other side to please them with a successful outcome of his journey. And the danger for him is not only the cold, but also "the guns strike in pitch darkness", because

The battle is holy and right, Mortal combat is not for glory -

For life on earth.

Protecting life on earth is the main business of a soldier, and sometimes you have to sacrifice your own life and health for this. In war, one cannot do without wounds, and Terkin did not escape this. He got into the "cellar" to the Germans to check if the cannon was firing from somewhere else. The German who was sitting there fired and hit Terkin in the shoulder. Terkin spent a terrible day, "stunned by a heavy rumble", losing blood. His own guns hit him, and dying from his own is even worse than from enemies. Only a day later they found him, bleeding, "with an earthy face." Needless to say, Terkin could well have not gone there, because no one forced him to go to the enemy alone. Terkin's attitude to the award is interesting:

No guys, I'm not proud

Without thinking into the distance

So I will say: why do I need an order?

I agree to a medal.

Everywhere and always there are people who strive for high awards, this is the main goal of their life. Of course, there were enough of them in the war. Many of the skin climbed, just to get the order. And usually these are people who are not particularly fond of risking their lives, but rather sit at the headquarters, curry favor with their superiors. As we understand from the words of the hero himself, he even needs a medal not for boasting, but as a memory of the war, and he deserved it. Terkin does not utter loud words, but does his duty, not expecting awards and honors. After all, war is continuous, hard military labor. Uterkin also had a terrible duel with a German:

So converged, grappled close,

What are already clips, disks,

Automatic machines - to hell, away!

If only a knife could help.

They fight one on one, "like on an ancient battlefield." Tvardovsky understood perfectly well that such a struggle is completely different, here everyone relies only on their own strength, it is, as it were, a return to the origins of martial art. The outcome of any battle depends not only on the physical strength of the opponents, but ultimately all feelings and emotions decide. And in hand-to-hand combat, this dependence of the result of the struggle on feelings is even more pronounced. At the beginning of the "Duel" chapter, the author shows the physical superiority of the German, "fed with gratuitous goods." But Terkin was angered by the fact that someone dares to show up in Russian houses, demand food for himself, restore “their own order” in the country. And Terkin was even more spurred on by the fact that the German swung his helmet at him. And this action of the German decided everything, the outcome of the struggle was clear. Terkin took the "tongue" - the prey of the night. He accomplished the feat again, winning a terrible duel. Perhaps the most terrible place in the "Book about a fighter" is the chapter "Death is a warrior." It tells how death came to our hero, who "lay uncollected." Death persuaded him to surrender to her, but Terkin courageously refused, although it cost him a lot of effort. Death does not want to let go of its prey so easily and does not leave the wounded. Finally, when Terkin began to yield a little, he asked Death a question:

I'm not the worst and I'm not the best

That I will die in the war.

But at the end of it, listen

Will you give me a day off?

From these words of a soldier, we understand that it is not even life that is most dear to him, he is ready to part with it, but he needs to see the victory of the Russians, he did not doubt it even at the very beginning of the war. Participation in the war against fascism, this most terrible and greatest event of the 20th century, is the main business of his life. In a difficult struggle, the front-line brotherhood helps the protagonist. Even death is surprised at this friendship and retreats. The author claims that he has not seen such a “holy and pure friendship” anywhere except for the war. The life of a soldier, full of dangers and hardships, was brightened up not only by friendship, but also by a good joke. It is precisely such a joker soldier, who knows how to amuse and amuse the fighters on a campaign and at a halt, that Vasily Terkin performs. Let us recall his humorous conversation about the Sabantuy, meeting with the soldiers at rest, and many other episodes warmed by a warm smile.

In the poem "Vasily Terkin" Tvardovsky showed the main character in different situations, we see Terkin on the battlefield, in the hospital, and on vacation. And everywhere he is resourceful, bold and full of optimism. Tvardovsky created a collective image of a Russian soldier who fought against fascism, defending his homeland. The writer gave us the opportunity to follow the course of the war through the eyes of ordinary soldiers, he showed us military everyday life. We must honor and remember heroes like Terkin, it was thanks to them that Russia was able to win the Second World War.