Composition on the topic “The theme of the future in the comedy “The Cherry Orchard. Compositions The future of the characters in the play The Cherry Orchard

Introduction
1. Problems of the play by A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard"
2. The embodiment of the past - Ranevskaya and Gaev
3. Spokesman for the ideas of the present - Lopakhin
4. Heroes of the future - Petya and Anya
Conclusion
List of used literature

Introduction

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is a writer of powerful creative talent and a kind of subtle skill, which manifests itself with equal brilliance, both in his stories and in stories and plays.
Chekhov's plays constituted an entire epoch in Russian dramaturgy and Russian theater and had an immeasurable influence on all their subsequent development.
Continuing and deepening the best traditions of the dramaturgy of critical realism, Chekhov strove to ensure that life's truth dominated in his plays, unadorned, in all its usualness, everyday life.
Showing the natural course of the everyday life of ordinary people, Chekhov bases his plots on not one, but several organically connected, intertwined conflicts. At the same time, the leading and unifying conflict is predominantly the conflict of the actors not with each other, but with the entire social environment surrounding them.

The problems of the play by A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard"

The play "The Cherry Orchard" occupies a special place in Chekhov's work. Before her, he aroused the idea of ​​the need to change reality by showing the hostility of living conditions to a person, highlighting those features of his characters that doomed them to the position of a victim. In The Cherry Orchard, reality is depicted in its historical development. The theme of changing social structures is being widely developed. Noble estates with their parks and cherry orchards, with their unreasonable owners, are fading into the past. They are being replaced by businesslike and practical people, they are the present of Russia, but not its future. Only the younger generation has the right to purify and change life. Hence the main idea of ​​the play: the establishment of a new social force that opposes not only the nobility, but also the bourgeoisie and is called upon to rebuild life on the basis of genuine humanity and justice.
Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard" was written during the period of public upheaval of the masses in 1903. It opens up another page of his multifaceted work, reflecting the complex phenomena of that time. The play amazes us with its poetic power, drama, and is perceived by us as a sharp denunciation of the social ulcers of society, exposing those people whose thoughts and actions are far from moral norms of behavior. The writer vividly shows deep psychological conflicts, helps the reader to see the reflection of events in the souls of the characters, makes us think about the meaning of true love and true happiness. Chekhov easily takes us from our present to the distant past. Together with his heroes, we live near the cherry orchard, we see its beauty, we clearly feel the problems of that time, together with the heroes we try to find answers to difficult questions. It seems to me that the play "The Cherry Orchard" is a play about the past, present and future not only of its heroes, but of the country as a whole. The author shows the clash of representatives of the past, the present and the future embedded in this present. I think that Chekhov succeeded in showing the justice of the inevitable departure from the historical arena of such seemingly harmless persons as the owners of the cherry orchard. So who are they, the owners of the garden? What connects their life with his existence? Why is the cherry orchard dear to them? Answering these questions, Chekhov reveals an important problem - the problem of the outgoing life, its worthlessness and conservatism.
The very title of Chekhov's play is lyrical. In our mind, there is a bright and unique image of a blooming garden, personifying beauty and striving for a better life. The main plot of the comedy is connected with the sale of this old noble estate. This event largely determines the fate of its owners and inhabitants. Thinking about the fate of the heroes, one involuntarily thinks about more, about the ways of Russia's development: its past, present and future.

The embodiment of the past - Ranevskaya and Gaev

The spokesman for the ideas of the present - Lopakhin

Heroes of the future - Petya and Anya

All this involuntarily leads us to the idea that the country needs completely different people who will do other great things. And these other people are Petya and Anya.
Trofimov is a democrat by birth, by habits and convictions. Creating the images of Trofimov, Chekhov expresses in this image such leading features as devotion to the public cause, striving for a better future and propaganda of the struggle for it, patriotism, adherence to principles, courage, hard work. Trofimov, despite his 26 or 27 years, has a great and difficult life experience behind him. He has already been expelled from the university twice. He has no confidence that he will not be expelled a third time and that he will not remain a "perpetual student".
Experiencing both hunger, and need, and political persecution, he did not lose faith in a new life, which would be based on just, humane laws and creative creative work. Petya Trofimov sees the failure of the nobility, mired in idleness and inaction. He gives a largely correct assessment of the bourgeoisie, noting its progressive role in the economic development of the country, but denying it the role of creator and builder of a new life. In general, his statements are distinguished by directness and sincerity. With sympathy for Lopakhin, he nevertheless compares him with a predatory beast, "which eats everything that comes in its way." In his opinion, the Lopakhins are not able to decisively change life, building it on reasonable and fair principles. Petya causes deep reflections in Lopakhin, who in his heart envies the conviction of this "shabby gentleman", which he himself lacks so much.
Trofimov's thoughts about the future are too vague and abstract. “We are moving irresistibly towards the bright star that burns there in the distance!” he says to Anya. Yes, the goal is great. But how to achieve it? Where is the main force that can turn Russia into a blooming garden?
Some treat Petya with slight irony, others with undisguised love. In his speeches, one can hear a direct condemnation of a dying life, a call for a new one: “I will come. I will reach or show others the way how to reach. And points. He points it out to Anya, whom he loves passionately, although he skillfully hides this, realizing that another path is destined for him. He tells her: “If you have the keys to the household, then throw them into the well and leave. Be free as the wind."
In the klutz and the “shabby gentleman” (as Trofimova Varya ironically calls) there is no strength and business acumen of Lopakhin. He submits to life, stoically enduring its blows, but is not able to master it and become the master of his fate. True, he captivated Anya with his democratic ideas, who expresses her readiness to follow him, firmly believing in a wonderful dream of a new flowering garden. But this young seventeen-year-old girl, who gathered information about life mainly from books, pure, naive and spontaneous, had not yet encountered reality.
Anya is full of hope, vitality, but she still has so much inexperience and childhood. In terms of character, she is in many ways close to her mother: she has a love for a beautiful word, for sensitive intonations. At the beginning of the play, Anya is carefree, quickly moving from concern to animation. She is practically helpless, accustomed to live carefree, not thinking about daily bread, about tomorrow. But all this does not prevent Anya from breaking with her usual views and way of life. Its evolution is taking place before our eyes. Anya's new views are still naive, but she forever says goodbye to the old house and the old world.
It is not known whether she will have enough spiritual strength, stamina and courage to go through the path of suffering, labor and deprivation to the end. Will she be able to maintain that ardent faith in the best, which makes her say goodbye to her old life without regret? Chekhov does not answer these questions. And it's natural. After all, one can only speak about the future presumably.

Conclusion

The truth of life in all its sequence and completeness - this is what Chekhov was guided by when creating his images. That is why each character in his plays is a living human character, attracting with great meaning and deep emotionality, convincing with its naturalness, warmth of human feelings.
By the strength of his direct emotional impact, Chekhov is perhaps the most outstanding playwright in the art of critical realism.
Chekhov's dramaturgy, responding to the topical issues of his time, addressing the everyday interests, feelings and worries of ordinary people, awakened the spirit of protest against inertia and routine, called for social activity to improve life. Therefore, it has always had a huge impact on readers and viewers. The significance of Chekhov's dramaturgy has long gone beyond the borders of our homeland, it has become global. Chekhov's dramatic innovation is widely recognized outside our great homeland. I am proud that Anton Pavlovich is a Russian writer, and no matter how different the masters of culture are, they probably all agree that Chekhov prepared the world with his works for a better life, more beautiful, more just, more reasonable.
If Chekhov peered hopefully into the 20th century, which was just beginning, then we live in the new 21st century, we still dream of our cherry orchard and those who will grow it. Flowering trees cannot grow without roots. Roots are past and present. Therefore, in order for a wonderful dream to come true, the younger generation must combine high culture, education with practical knowledge of reality, will, perseverance, diligence, humane goals, that is, embody the best features of Chekhov's heroes.

Bibliography

1. History of Russian literature of the second half of the XIX century / ed. prof. N.I. Kravtsova. Publisher: Education - Moscow 1966.
2. Exam questions and answers. Literature. 9th and 11th grades. Tutorial. - M.: AST - PRESS, 2000.
3. A. A. Egorova. How to write an essay on "5". Tutorial. Rostov-on-Don, "Phoenix", 2001.
4. Chekhov A.P. Stories. Plays. – M.: Olimp; Firma LLC, AST Publishing House, 1998.

The play "The Cherry Orchard", written by Chekhov in 1904, can rightfully be considered the creative testament of the writer. In it, the author raises a number of problems characteristic of Russian literature: the problem of the figure, fathers and children, love, suffering, and others. All these problems are united in the theme of the past, present and future of Russia.

In Chekhov's last play, there is one central image that determines the whole life of the characters. This is a cherry orchard. Ranevskaya has memories of his whole life associated with him: both bright and tragic. For her and her brother Gaev, this is a family nest. Or rather, even to say that she is not the owner of the garden, but he is its owner. “After all, I was born here,” she says, “my father and mother lived here, my grandfather, I love this house, I don’t understand my life without a cherry orchard, and if you really need to sell it, then sell me along with the garden ... "But for Ranevskaya and Gaev, the cherry orchard is a symbol of the past.

Another hero, Yermolai Lopakhin, looks at the garden from the point of view of the "circulation of business." He busily offers Ranevskaya and Gaev to break the estate into summer cottages, and cut down the garden. We can say that Ranevskaya is a garden in the past, Lopakhin is a garden in the present.

The garden in the future personifies the younger generation of the play: Petya Trofimov and Anya, Ranevskaya's daughter. Petya Trofimov is the son of a pharmacist. Now he is a raznochinets student, honestly working his way through life. He lives hard. He himself says that if it is winter, then he is hungry, anxious, poor. Varya calls Trofimov an eternal student, who has already been fired from the university twice. Like many progressive people of Russia, Petya is smart, proud, and honest. He knows the plight of the people. Trofimov thinks that this situation can be corrected only by continuous work. He lives by faith in the bright future of the Motherland. With delight, Trofimov exclaims: "Forward! We are moving irresistibly towards the bright star that burns there in the distance! Forward! Keep up, friends!" His speech is oratory, especially where he talks about the bright future of Russia. "All Russia is our garden!" he exclaims.

Anya is a seventeen-year-old girl, the daughter of Ranevskaya. Anya received the usual noble education. Trofimov had a great influence on the formation of Ani's worldview. Ani's spiritual appearance is characterized by spontaneity, sincerity and beauty of feelings and moods. There is a lot of semi-childish spontaneity in Anya's character, she says with childish joy: "And I flew in a balloon in Paris!" Trofimov arouses in Anya's soul a beautiful dream of a new beautiful life. The girl breaks ties with the past.

The girl breaks ties with the past. Anya decides to pass the exams for the gymnasium course and start living in a new way. Anya's speech is tender, sincere, filled with faith in the future.

The images of Anya and Trofimov evoke my sympathy. I really like spontaneity, sincerity, beauty of feelings and moods, faith in the bright future of my Motherland.

It is with their lives that Chekhov connects the future of Russia, it is in their mouths that he puts words of hope, his own thoughts. Therefore, these heroes can also be perceived as reasoners - spokesmen for the ideas and thoughts of the author himself.

So, Anya says goodbye to the garden, that is, to her past life, easily, joyfully. She is sure that, despite the fact that the ax is heard, that the estate will be sold for summer cottages, despite this, new people will come and plant new gardens that will be more beautiful than the previous ones. Together with her, Chekhov himself believes in this.

RESPONSE PLAN

1. Problems of the play by A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard".

2. Features of the genre of the play.

3. The main conflict of the play and its characters:

a) the embodiment of the past - Ranevskaya, Gaev;

b) the spokesman for the ideas of the present - Lopakhin;

c) the heroes of the future - Anya and Petya.

4. Tragedy of the era - breaking the connection of times.

1. The play "The Cherry Orchard" was completed by A.P. Chekhov in 1903. And although it reflects the real social phenomena of those years, the play turned out to be in tune with the moods of subsequent generations - primarily because it touches on eternal problems: this is dissatisfaction with life and the desire to change it, the destruction of harmony between people, their mutual alienation, loneliness, weakening of kindred connections and loss of spiritual roots.

2. Chekhov himself believed that his play was a comedy. It can be attributed to a lyrical comedy, where the funny is intertwined with the sad, the comic with the tragic, just like in real life.

3. The central image of the play is the cherry orchard, which unites all the characters. The Cherry Orchard is both a specific garden, common for estates, and an image-symbol - a symbol of the beauty of Russian nature, Russia. The whole play is permeated with a sad feeling from the death of a beautiful cherry orchard.

In the play, we do not see a bright conflict, everything, it would seem, goes on as usual. The heroes of the play behave calmly, there are no open quarrels and clashes between them. And yet, the existence of a conflict is felt, but hidden, internal. Behind the usual conversations, behind the calm attitude towards each other of the heroes of the play, their misunderstanding of each other is hidden. The main conflict of the play "The Cherry Orchard" is a misunderstanding between generations. It seems as if three times intersected in the play: past, present and future.

The older generation is Ranevskaya, Gaev, half-ruined nobles, personifying the past. Today, the middle generation, is represented by Lopakhin. The youngest generation, whose fate is in the future, is represented by Anya, Ranevskaya's daughter, and Petya Trofimov, a commoner, a teacher of Ranevskaya's son.

a) The owners of the cherry orchard seem to us graceful, refined people, full of love for others, able to feel the beauty and charm of nature. They carefully keep the memory of the past, love their home: “I slept in this nursery, looked at the garden from here, happiness woke up with me every morning ...” - recalls Lyubov Andreevna. Once Lyubov Andreevna, then still a young girl, consoled Yermolai Lopakhin, a fifteen-year-old "peasant", whom his father, a shopkeeper, hit in the face with his fist. Lopakhin cannot forget the kindness of Lyubov Andreevna, loves her, "like his own ... more than his own." She is affectionate with everyone: she calls the old servant Firs “my old man”, rejoices at meeting him, and when leaving, she asks several times if he has been sent to the hospital. She is generous not only to a loved one who deceived her and robbed her, but also to a random passerby, to whom she gives the last gold piece. Without a penny in her pocket, she asks to lend money to Semyonov-Pishchik. Relations between family members are imbued with sympathy for each other and delicacy. No one reproaches Ranevskaya, who actually led to the collapse of her estate, Gaev, who "ate a fortune on candy". The nobility of Ranevskaya is that she does not blame anyone but herself for the misfortune that befell her - this is a punishment for the fact that "we have sinned a lot ...". Ranevskaya lives only with memories of the past, she is not satisfied with the present, and she does not want to think about the future. Chekhov considers Ranevskaya and Gaev to be the culprits of their tragedy. They behave like small children who close their eyes in fear when they are in danger. Therefore, both Gaev and Ranevskaya so diligently avoid talking about the real plan of salvation put forward by Lopakhin, hoping for a miracle: if Anya married a rich man, if the Yaroslavl aunt sent money ... But neither Ranevskaya nor Gaev try anything change. Speaking of the “beautiful” old life, they seem to have resigned themselves to their misfortune, let everything take its course, give in without a fight.

b) Lopakhin is a representative of the bourgeoisie, a man of the present. On the one hand, this is a person with a subtle and tender soul, able to appreciate beauty, loyal and noble; He is a hard worker, working from morning to night. But on the other hand, the world of money has already subjugated him. The businessman Lopakhin conquered his "subtle and tender soul": he cannot read books, he is unable to love. His efficiency has eroded spirituality in him, and he himself understands this. Lopakhin feels himself the master of life. "The new owner of the cherry orchard is coming!" "Let everything as I wish!" he says. Lopakhin did not forget his past, and now the moment of his triumph has come: “beaten, illiterate Yermolai” bought “an estate, more beautiful than which there is nothing in the world”, an estate “where father and grandfather were slaves”.

But Yermolai Lopakhin remained a “peasant”, despite the fact that he went “to the people”. He is unable to understand one thing: the cherry orchard is not only a symbol of beauty, it is a kind of thread that connects the past with the present. You can't cut your own roots. And the fact that Lopakhin does not understand this is his main mistake.

At the end of the play, he says: “It would rather change ... our awkward, unhappy life!” But how to do it, he knows only in words. But in fact, he cuts down the garden in order to build summer cottages there, thereby destroying the old one, which was replaced by his time. The old has been destroyed, “the thread connecting the days has broken”, and the new has not yet been created, and it is not known whether it will ever be created. The author does not rush to conclusions.

c) Petya and Anya, coming to replace Lopakhin, represent the future. Petya is an "eternal student", always hungry, sick, groomed, but a proud person; lives by labor alone, educated, intelligent. His judgments are deep. Denying the past, he predicts the short duration of Lopakhin's stay, as he sees his predatory essence. He is full of faith in a new life: “Humanity is moving towards the highest truth, towards the highest happiness that is possible on earth, and I am in the forefront!” Petya managed to inspire Anya with a desire to work, to live at her own expense. She no longer feels sorry for the garden, because ahead of her is a life full of joyful work for the common good: “We will plant a new garden, more luxurious than this ...” Will her dreams come true? Unknown. After all, she still does not know life to change it. And Petya looks at everything too superficially: not knowing true life, he tries to rebuild it on the basis of ideas alone. Yes, and in the whole appearance of this hero, some kind of insufficiency, shallowness, lack of a healthy vitality shows through. The author cannot trust him. the beautiful future he talks about. Petya does not even try to save the garden, he does not care about the problem that worries the author himself.

4. There is no time connection in the play, the gap between generations is heard in the sound of a broken string. The author does not yet see a hero in Russian life who could become the real owner of the "cherry orchard", the keeper of its beauty.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

1. What lines are repeatedly repeated in the play? What is their meaning?

2. How did A.P. Chekhov define the genre of The Cherry Orchard?

3. Why A.P. Chekhov noted the age of only three actors: Anya -17 years old. Vari - 24 years old, Firsa - 87 years old?

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"The Cherry Orchard" is the last work of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, completing his creative biography, his ideological and artistic searches. The new stylistic principles developed by him, new "techniques" for constructing the plot and composition were embodied in this play...

The play "The Cherry Orchard" was written in 1903, shortly before the death of A.P. Chekhov. Like any play, it is inhabited by various actors: among them are the main, secondary, episodic. They all say, suffer, rejoice. Each hero has his...

1. New!

   Ranevskaya's daughter, Anya, and Petya Trofimov, a former tutor of her late younger brother, are not the main characters of The Cherry Orchard - after all, the play is focused on the story of the sale of an estate with a cherry orchard. With this central episode, much more...

Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard" was written during the period of public upheaval of the masses in 1903. The writer vividly shows deep psychological conflicts, helps the reader to see the reflection of events in the souls of the characters, makes us think...

Essay text:

Chekhov wrote his last play, The Cherry Orchard, in 1904, shortly before his death. In this work, the author expressed his acute sense of imminent change. Gone is the 19th century. The remnants of feudal relations, the noble way of life, are fading into the past. Ruined and pass to other owners noble nests. What new is born in the cleared place?
New in the play is personified by three people: Petya Trofimov, Anya and Lopakhin. Moreover, Petya and Anya are clearly opposed to Lopakhin. Who are o^i, these people, and what to expect from them?
Petya Trofimov is an eternal student, he is twenty-seven years old, he cannot finish the course, he was expelled from the university twice. The author does not specify for what for poor progress or for politics. He has a keen sense of justice. In the play, he acts as an accuser. His actions are words. He says to Anya: ...your grandfather, great-grandfather and all your ancestors were serf-owners who owned living souls, and do not human beings look at you from every cherry in the garden, from every leaf, from every trunk, do you really not hear voices. .. However, it seems that no one takes him seriously. The words shabby gentleman somehow by themselves stick to him like a label. His role is unenviable, it resembles the role of a jester who is allowed to speak the truth.
But the destructive criticism of the existing foundations is not productive in itself, a positive program for the reorganization of society is needed. Let's see what Peter has to offer. He says: It is so clear that in order to begin to live in the present, we must first redeem our past, put an end to it, and it can be redeemed only by suffering, only by extraordinary labor. What does Petya mean by suffering? Perhaps this is the suffering that revolutions, civil wars bring? Most likely, he repeats without deep awareness the words that in those pre-revolutionary years were in great use in the intelligentsia and semi-intellectual environment. Destructive rhetoric sprouted destructive ideology. It seemed that one had only to put an end to the obsolete, hated foundations of society, and all of Russia would become a garden. And again looming before the heroes of the eternal Russian question What to do?.
Petya calls to work, but he is not capable of creation. There is labor to collect stones (for building) and there is labor to scatter stones (destroying).
Only Anya agrees with Petya, shares his views. She considers exploitation immoral, she herself wants to work in order to provide for herself and her mother, and through labor to become useful to society. Her plans are simple: to pass an exam for a gymnasium course, then study and work.
Here is her naive idea of ​​happiness: We will read in the autumn evenings, we will read many books, and a new, wonderful world will open before us ...
What awaits Petya and Anya in the future? Will Petya graduate from university? Who will he become? Probably, he will build schools and hospitals, or he may gradually and imperceptibly turn into Ionych. Will Anya find her place in life? And what will that place be? Will she teach children? Or serve high art in the theatre? Or maybe she will find her happiness in love, in family, in motherhood?
However, back to the play. Both Petya and Anya do not accept the existing order of things and want to change it, with obvious inconsistency, their position is certainly moral, they are sincere in their desire for good for people and are ready to work for this.
We know how little time they have left, only thirteen years. What we do not know is how their life will turn out after the revolution, which they voluntarily or involuntarily bring closer.
But there is a person who is satisfied with the existing order. This is the merchant Lopakhin. The author's attitude towards such people is formulated by Petya Trofimov, who says to Lopakhin: I, Yermolai Nikolaevich, understand that you are a rich man, you will soon be a millionaire. That's how in the sense of metabolism you need a predatory beast that eats everything that gets in its way, so you are needed. Being a native of peasants (his father was a serf with his grandfather and father Ranevskaya), he did not receive an education, he lacks culture. Gaev calls him a boor and a fist. But Lopakhin is a representative of the active part of society, he does not talk about the need for labor, he works: ... I get up at five o'clock in the morning, work from morning to evening, well, I constantly have my own and other people's money .... The plan of salvation he proposes the estate appears to be real. He believes that by breaking the cherry orchard into plots and renting them out, one can earn income. It is noteworthy that as a result of the auction, the garden passes to Lopakhin.
What is the future of Lopakhin? Probably, having become even richer in the years remaining before the revolution, he would contribute to the economic prosperity of Russia, become a patron of the arts, and build schools and hospitals for the poor with his own money.
So who is the future? For Petya and Anya or for Lopakhin? This question could be purely rhetorical if history did not provide Russia in our time with a second attempt to resolve it. Will active Petya and Anya come? And when will the educated, highly cultured and moral Lopakhin appear?

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