Composition on the topic: "The image of the righteous in the story" Matrenin Dvor ". School essay on the topic “The Image of the Righteous Woman in Story A

The theme of righteousness sounds in the works of artists of the word of different times. Modern writers did not remain indifferent to it either. A. I. Solzhenitsyn gives his vision of this problem in the story “Matryona Dvor”.

Matrenin Dvor is a work that is completely autobiographical and authentic. The story described by Solzhenitsyn took place in the village of Miltsevo, Kuplovsky district, Vladimir region. Matrena Vasilievna Zakharova lived there.

The heroine of Solzhenitsyn's story is modest and inconspicuous. The author endows her with a discreet appearance and does not give the reader a detailed portrait of her, but he constantly draws attention to Matryona's smile, radiant, bright, kind. So Solzhenitsyn emphasizes the inner beauty of Matryona, which is much more important to him than external beauty. Matrona's speech is unusual. It is replete with colloquial and obsolete words, dialect vocabulary. In addition, the heroine constantly uses words invented by herself (If you don’t know how, if you don’t cook - how can you lose it?). Thus, the author reveals the idea of ​​the national character of Matryona.

The heroine lives "in the wilderness". Matrona's house "with four windows in a row on the cold, non-red side, covered with wood chips", "the wood chips were rotting, the logs of the log house and the gate, once mighty, were gray from old age, and their roofing was thinned out." The life of the heroine is unsettled: mice, cockroaches. She amassed nothing, except ficus-owls, a goat, a shaggy cat and a coat altered from an overcoat. Matryona is poor, although she has worked all her life. Even a tiny pension for herself, she procured with great difficulty. Nevertheless, the description of the life of the heroine gives a sense of harmony, which fills her poor house. The narrator feels comfortable in her house, the decision to stay with Matryona comes to him immediately. He notes about the Matryona yard: ".. there was nothing evil in it, there was no lie in it."

Matrona lived a difficult life. Her fate was touched by the events of the First World War, in which Thaddeus was captured, the events of the Great Patriotic War, from which her husband did not return. Collectivization did not pass by: the heroine worked on the collective farm all her life, and "not for money - for sticks." Even in recent days, life has not been easy for her: all day long she goes around the authorities, trying to get certificates for applying for a pension, she has big problems with peat, her new chairman cut the garden, she cannot get a cow, because mowing is not allowed anywhere, even a train ticket is impossible to buy. It would seem that a person should have become embittered for a long time, hardened against life circumstances. But no - Matryona does not hold a grudge against people or her lot. Its main qualities are the inability to do evil, love for one's neighbor, the ability to sympathize and sympathize. Even during her lifetime, the heroine gives her upper room for scrap for Kira, because "Matryona never spared her labor or her goodness." She finds consolation in work and is "dexterous for any work." The narrator remarks: "... she had a sure way to regain her good mood - work." Matrena gets up every day at four or five in the morning. Kopa-et “kartov”, goes for peat, “for berries in a distant forest”, and “every day she had some other thing to do.” At the first call, the heroine goes to the aid of the collective farm, and relatives, and neighbors. Moreover, for her work, she does not expect and does not require remuneration. Work for her is a pleasure. “I didn’t want to leave the site, I didn’t want to dig,” she says one day. “Matryona returned already enlightened, pleased with everything, with her kind smile,” the narrator says about her. Surrounding seems strange such behavior of Matryona. Today they call her for help, and tomorrow they condemn her for not giving it up. About her "cordiality and simplicity" they say "with contemptuous regret." The villagers themselves don't seem to notice Matryona's problems, they don't even come to visit her. Even at Matrena's wake, no one talks about her. In the thoughts of those gathered there was one thing: how to divide her simple property, how to grab a larger piece for herself. The heroine was lonely during her lifetime, she remained lonely on that mournful day.

Matryona is opposed to other heroes of the story, and to the whole world around her, too. Thaddeus, for example, is embittered, inhuman, self-serving. He constantly tortures his family, and on the day of the tragedy, he only thinks about how to "save the logs of the upper room from the fire and from the machinations of the mother's sisters." Contrasted with Matryona and her friend Masha, and her sisters, and her sister-in-law.

The basis of relations in the world surrounding the heroine is a lie, immorality. Modern society has lost its moral guidelines, and Solzhenitsyn sees its salvation in the hearts of such lonely righteous people as Matryona. She is the same person, “without whom, according to the proverb, the village does not stand. Neither city. Not all our land."

A. Solzhenitsyn is the successor of Tolstoy's tradition. In the story "Matryona Dvor" he affirms Tolstoy's truth that the basis of true greatness is "simplicity, goodness and truth."

Municipal state educational institution

"Priobskaya secondary school"

Literature lesson for 9th grade students

teacher Kubyshkina Galina Vladimirovna

gp Priobye

2017

The image of the righteous in the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin Dvor".

(the second lesson in the topic "A.I. Solzhenitsyn" Matrenin Dvor ")

1. Checking d / z. Content survey.

A test on the work of A.I. Solzhenitsyn allows you to identify the level of knowledge of the text. Each question has four possible answers.

Evaluation criteria:

"5" (excellent) - the work was done flawlessly

"4" (good) - from 12 to 14 correct answers

"3" (satisfactory) - from 8 to 11 correct answers

Test on the story "Matryona Dvor" by A.I. Solzhenitsyn

1. The original title of the story:

a) “A village does not stand without a righteous man”

b) "There is no village without Matryona"

c) "Matryona suffering"

d) "The Life of the Righteous Matryona"

2. What is the last name of Matryona:

a) Grigorieva b) Vasilyev c) Fadeeva d) Efimova

3. What characteristic is suitable for the main character:

a) "peasant woman 80 years old, unemployed"

b) “a peasant woman, a single woman of 60 years old, released from a collective farm”

c) "a lonely peasant woman 60 years old, repressed"

d) “a peasant woman, 60 years old, who worked all her life somewhere at a factory”

4. What information about Matryona is correct:

a) loved Yefim, married Thaddeus

b) loved Thaddeus, married Yefim

c) loved both Efim and Thaddeus, did not marry

d) never loved anyone

5. Finish the phrase: “Matryona had a crooked old cat, a dirty-white goat with crooked horns, ...? .. yes ...? ....”

a) "kittens and goats"

b) "cow and calf"

c) mice and cockroaches

d) "dog and sheep"

6. Explain what it means: Matryona gave birth to six children, but “ they didn't stand

a) didn't stand up

b) did not run for a long time

c) were not independent

d) did not survive

7. In what war did Matryona's husband go missing:

a) in World War I b) in civilian

c) during the Finnish d) during the Great Patriotic War

8. What information about Matryona is incorrect:

a) she always interfered in men's affairs

b) a horse once almost knocked her under an ice hole in the lake

c) gave the room to the pupil Kira

d) gave the house to the pupil Kira

9. Pupil Kira is:

a) Matryona's illegitimate daughter b) daughter of Thaddeus

c) a girl from an orphanage d) daughter of a collective farm chairman

10. Why did Kira urgently need to transport part of Matryona's house:

a) they give a plot, but there must be a building on it

b) they gave a plot, built a house, we need dry firewood

c) for resale and cash receipts

d) build a barn next to the house

11. How did Matryona die?

a) hit by a truck b) hit by a tractor c) killed at the station d) hit by a train

12. Who are we talking about: also Matryona, her husband beats all her life, she also gave birth to six?

a) wife of the chairman b) wife of Thaddeus c) sister d) friend

13. Matrenin guest worked:

a) postman b) chairman c) veterinarian d) teacher

14. Matrenin, the guest, watching the division of her simple good, remembering the living Matryona, suddenly clearly understands that all these people, including him, lived next to her and did not understand that Matryona is the one:

a) a real person b) a righteous person c) a hopeful person d) a sufferer

15. Narrator is:

a) autobiographical character b) Matrena's neighbor c) Thaddeus d) Kira

Answers:

2. Creating a problem situation in the lesson.

The teacher reads the epigraph written on the blackboard.

… If, according to popular belief, not a single city stands without three righteous ones, then how can the whole earth with one rubbish that lives both in mine and in your soul, my reader, stand up.
It was both terrible and unbearable for me, and I went to look for the righteous, I went with a vow not to calm down until I found at least that small number of three righteous ones, without whom there is no city of standing.

N.S. Leskov. Preface to the cycle "The Righteous"

What are we going to talk about in today's lesson? Please select the topic of the lesson.

Lesson topic. The image of the righteous in the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin Dvor". (The theme of righteousness in the story.)

Vocabulary: Who can be called righteous?

Righteous – 1. For believers: a person who lives a righteous life has no sins. 2. A person who does not sin in anything against the rules of morality, morality (iron).

Righteous - 1. Pious, sinless, in accordance with religious rules.

2. Based on truth, fair. (S.I. Ozhegov and N.Yu. Shvedova “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language”).

Determine the objectives of the lesson.

Goals:

2. find out what qualities allowed the author to call the heroine the righteous of the Russian land;

3. think about such moral concepts as: kindness, mercy, sensitivity, conscience, humanity; think about the meaning of human life;

4. develop the skills and abilities of analyzing a prose work.

3. Text analysis.

What is the original title of the story? How does it relate to the epigraph to the lesson?

1. "A village does not stand without a righteous man."

2. Solzhenitsyn approaches the theme of righteousness unobtrusively and even with humor. Speaking of Matryona, his hero remarks: “Only she had fewer sins than her rickety cat. She choked mice!..” The writer rethinks the images of the righteous in Russian literature and depicts the righteous not as a person who committed many sins, repented and began to live like a god, but makes righteousness a natural way of life for the heroine.

Sympathy, pity, irritation or admiration does the main character of the story Matryona evoke in you? Justify your opinion.

Remember, under what circumstances does the author first meet Matryona? Why is she not among the "applicants" who could let a guest in?

For the residents of the village, Matrena is a useless hostess who does not have the opportunity to receive a guest well in her neglected house.

But the hero-narrator suddenly feels that this life is inwardly close to him - and remains to live with Matryona.

How did Matryona attract the attention of the narrator? Let's get to know her better.

How did Matryona differ from other residents of the Talnovo village?

Matryona went to work, even if she was sick; didn’t “settle scores” and didn’t discuss “who got out and who didn’t”; she could not refuse when someone asked for help in agricultural work: to dig up potatoes, to plow a vegetable garden; did not take money for work; fed the shepherds with food that she did not eat herself; did not annoy anyone with questions; didn't gossip; raised someone else's girl; She gave the upper room to her adopted daughter.

Matryona had to endure a lot of grief and injustice in her lifetime: broken love, the death of six children, the loss of her husband, overwork in the village, severe illness - a disease, a bitter resentment at the collective farm, which squeezed all the strength out of her, and then wrote it off as unnecessary, leaving without pension or support.

But Matryona did not get angry, she retained a good mood, a sense of joy and pity for others, her radiant smile still brightens her face.

How do the villagers treat her? Do they understand Matrena? Why?

Relatives almost did not appear in her house, apparently fearing that Matryona would ask them for help. Everyone in unison condemned Matryona that she was funny and stupid, working for others for free. The sister-in-law, who recognized Matrona's simplicity and cordiality, spoke of this "with contemptuous regret." Everyone took advantage of Matryona's kindness and innocence - and unanimously condemned her for it.

And after her death, all the reviews about her were disapproving: “... she didn’t chase after the plant, and she wasn’t careful; and did not even keep a pig; ... and, stupid, helped strangers for free”; did not chase outfits, did not accumulate property for death.

This is her world, this is how she lives.

The arrival of Thaddeus destroys the established life, peace, silence.

Compare Matryona and Thaddeus. How do they behave in close life situations? (work in groups)

The answer lies in the very juxtaposition of the heroes: no matter how hard and inevitable fate may be, it only more clearly shows the measure of the human in each of the people.

“Those people always have good faces, who are at odds with their conscience,” the author states bluntly.

Matryona turns out to be an unusual, sincere, pure, open person. The more acute is the feeling of guilt experienced by the narrator: “There is no Matryona. A family member was killed. And on the last day I reproached her for her quilted jacket. “We all lived next to her and did not understand that she is the same righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, the village does not stand. Neither city. Not all our land."

What do you see as the tragedy of Matryona's fate?

The tragedy is not only in the lost fiancé, missing husband and dead children. The tragedy manifested itself when Matryona becomes a victim of human greed, money-grubbing, drunkenness.

The tragedy is that the villagers could not understand those good feelings that guided Matryona in life. Therefore, after her death, her relatives want to quickly capture the “good” that was left after her.

What caused Matryona's death?

The external cause of death was her selflessness, the desire to help. That is why she finds herself between a sleigh and a tractor at the ill-fated railway crossing.

Among the underlying causes of the tragic death of the heroine is her attachment to Thaddeus and her pupil, his daughter Kira. It is she who involuntarily becomes the culprit of the destruction of the house where she lived with Matryona and where Matryona herself lived for forty years. The people who dismantled the upper room destroy the house, the main value of the family. The death of the house predetermined the death of Matryona. In a mutilated house, she would no longer be able to live. The author condemns the greed and greed of Thaddeus, who is obsessed with the desire to seize a piece of land. Hence his order not to make a second flight, and the removal of the surviving logs during the funeral and commemoration. The son-in-law of Matryona is also to blame - the railway worker who did not warn the station about the transportation.

What is the moral meaning of the story told by the writer?

Solzhenitsyn's concept of "righteous" acquired a new meaning.

The moralizing meaning of the story is that one cannot live only for oneself, to be a money-grubber and a hoarder. The meaning of human existence is in kindness, selflessness and the radiance that a person can radiate, illuminating the fate of other people.

Solzhenitsyn helped us to see a great soul in a simple Russian woman, to see a righteous woman.

4. The result of the lesson. Reflection.

This is exactly what Matryona from the story could have been, with an awkward, as if inept, smile, wise, calm eyes, with some amazing naturalness, authenticity that illuminates her face - or face? - light coming from somewhere deep, from the soul. “Those people always have good faces, who are at odds with conscience his". You can't say better than Solzhenitsyn.

Matryona, the only one in the village, lives in her own world: she arranges her life with work, honesty, kindness and patience,preserving his soul and inner freedom.In the popular way, wise, prudent, able to appreciate goodness and beauty, Matryona managed to resist evil and violence, retaining her “yard”. Matryona's yard - this is Matryona's world - a special world of the righteous. The world of spirituality, kindness, mercy.

The righteous Matryona is the moral ideal of the writer, on which, in his opinion, the life of society should be based.

Today, mutual hatred, anger, alienation have reached enormous proportions, it seems that there can be no people like Matryona. But I will never agree with the assertion that Russian people have morally degenerated in recent decades and have completely lost their once spiritual originality. I disagree, because I am convinced that no most terrible shocks can completely destroy the spirituality of the people, disfigure, pervert - yes, but not destroy.

5. Grading.

6. Homework. Answer one of the questions in writing.

1. What has changed in the sense of Solzhenitsyn's story "A village cannot stand without a righteous man" when the writer called it "Matryonin Dvor"?

2. Do you think such righteous people are needed in our life?

3. What is the righteousness of Matryona?

Literature:

1. Internet resources.

2. N.S. Leskov. Preface to the cycle "The Righteous".

3. S.I. Ozhegov and N.Yu. Shvedova. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language.

4. A.I. Solzhenitsyn. Matherin's yard.

The image of the righteous woman in Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin Dvor"

I. The meaning of the word "righteous."

II. Life or living?

1. The life of Matryona.

2. Death of Matryona.

3. Surrounding in the mirror of life and death Matryona.

III. What is left for people.

A village does not stand without a righteous person.

Russian proverb

A righteous person is a just, right person who strictly observes the laws of morality. The heroine of A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryona Dvor” probably did not consider herself a righteous woman, she simply lived the way her compatriots and fellow villagers lived.

Righteousness

A person is determined by what kind of life he lived, what death he died, what he taught people, what word they will remember him after his departure.

Matrena's life was similar to the lives of thousands of her compatriots. The difficulties of the war and post-war times forced people to experience common pain; suffering was supposed to rally people, a common misfortune to make them cleaner, kinder, more righteous. But this was not the case with everyone, because you can write off your own sins for war and a difficult life - they say, we are not bad, life is bad.

No one would envy Matryona's fate. Without waiting for her husband from the war, she went to his brother - and all her life she was tormented by the consciousness of her guilt, akin to betrayal, reproached herself for her sin ... And the whole sin was that she took pity on the family of Thaddeus, who were left without help. She gave birth to six children - and none survived.

Kira raised the daughter of her ex-husband. And she amassed all the wealth that a strong upper room, a dirty white goat, ficuses and a rickety cat. Her fellow villagers reservedly condemned her: she never kept a piglet, “didn’t chase after the equipment ...

I didn’t get out to buy things and then cherish them more than my life. Didn't go after the outfit. Behind clothes that embellish freaks and villains ... ”And so she died in poverty.

Death puts everything in its place, sums up human life. What will Matryona the Righteous leave as a legacy to her loved ones, what word will they remember her, how will they remember? First of all, they remembered that now there was no one to help dig a garden, “plow a plow on themselves” - the deceased helped everyone, she did not take any payment.

How now without her help? The best friend, who has been friends with Matryona for half a century, shyly asks to give her the promised “gray knit” to Matryona. Thaddeus is concerned about one thought: the remaining logs must be taken away, otherwise they will be lost. They argue about the hut: who will get it - the sister or the adopted daughter.

Crying for the deceased goes according to all the rules, but ostentatious grief for Matryona, who died because of the greed of several close people, is combined with an attempt to justify herself: “... And why did you go to where death guarded you? And no one called you there! And how you died - did not think!

And why didn’t you listen to us? ... (And from all these lamentations the answer stuck out: we are not to blame for her death, but we’ll talk about the hut later!) ”.

They bury and bury Matryona according to all the rules: both the priest conscientiously conducts the Orthodox service, and they commemorate according to custom (“Eternal memory”, as expected, they sing before kissel!). And they are proud that everything is done in a human way ...

Matryona left, “not understood and abandoned even by her husband, who buried six children, but did not like her sociable, alien to her sisters, sister-in-law, funny, stupidly working for others for free ...” And only two people mourn for Matryona sincerely: “not at all ritually”, bitterly, like a woman, the adopted daughter Cyrus sobs, wisely and calmly, non-vainly speaks of her death “a strict, silent old woman, older than all the ancients”, the guest experiences sincere pain.

Yes, the life of Matryona is not the life of a saint. Not everyone was able to appreciate Her righteousness, many condemned, but have they forgotten? She will live in the memory of her adopted daughter, her life lessons will not be forgotten by the teacher, who did not share her shelter for long ... And that's all?

But is it really a matter of how you will be assessed, what they will say about you? The point is how you will live your life, whether you will be able to remain a man, what page you will write in the book of life.

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21. Matrena Vasilievna is the main character of the story by A. I. Solzhenitsyn “Matryona Dvor”. She was about sixty years old. She lived in the village of Talnovo, which was located not far from the peat extraction. I believe that Matrena Vasilievna was the right person in the village, because she always came to everyone's aid. And most importantly, there was some help from her help. After all, you can [...]
22. “What is the Russia of A. I. Solzhenitsyn?” The question is posed too generally, so we turn to the second part of this paragraph, where we are offered to describe the image of Russia in the story "Matryona's Dvor". The hero of the story wants to “get in and get lost in the very interior of Russia - if there was such a place somewhere, she lived.” After years of imprisonment, the narrator longs for inner silence. An important condition [...]
23. “A village does not stand without a righteous man” - this is the original title of the story. The story echoes many works of Russian classical literature. Solzhenitsyn seems to transfer any of Leskov's heroes to the historical era of the 20th century, the post-war period. And the more dramatic, the more tragic the fate of Matryona is seen in the midst of this situation. The life of Matrena Vasilievna, it would seem, is ordinary. She devoted all of her work, selfless [...] ...
24. Matrena is a lonely destitute peasant woman with a generous and disinterested soul. She lost her husband in the war, buried six of her own and raised other people's children. Matryona gave her pupil the most precious thing in her life - the house: "... she did not feel sorry for the upper room, which stood idle, as well as neither her labor nor her goodness ...". The heroine has suffered a lot […]
25. Let's start with denial. Let's look at Dahl: "The righteous is a person who lives in everything according to the law of God." That is, sinless. The sinless one is good: she didn’t wait for her betrothed from the war, she married his brother, but the times are difficult and it’s difficult to live alone, but the righteous cannot live in ideal conditions, because righteousness is asceticism, a spiritual feat. But […]...
26. In the summer of 1956, at one hundred and eighty-four kilometers from Moscow, a passenger disembarked along the railway line to Murom and Kazan. This is a narrator whose fate resembles the fate of Solzhenitsyn himself. He dreams of working as a teacher in the depths of Russia, away from urban civilization. But to live in a village with a wonderful name Vysokoye Pole did not work, because they did not bake bread […] ...
27. The artistic world in the story is built linearly - in accordance with the life story of the heroine. In the first part of the work, the whole story about Matryona is given through the perception of the author, a man who has endured a lot in his lifetime, who dreamed of “getting lost and getting lost in the very interior of Russia”. The narrator evaluates her life from the outside, compares it with the environment, becomes an authoritative witness of righteousness. In the second part […]...
28. In 1963, Solzhenitsyn's short story Matrenin Dvor was published in Novy Mir. And in this case, the writer had to change the original title - "There is no village without a righteous man." The word "righteous" evoked religious and Christian associations, and Russia has long been Soviet. The prototype of the main character - Matryona - was the peasant woman Matryona Vasilyevna Zakharova, in whose house Solzhenitsyn settled after […]
29. In A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryona’s Dvor”, the image of the righteous is the key. The author of the work does not immediately reveal the true essence of the main character. At first glance, Matryona appears to the reader as a simple rural resident with her own worries and “oddities” - the desire to constantly help people. It is this feature that is the most important in the village righteous woman. Matryona was one of the few who always […]
30. “Matryona Dvor” is a story by A. I. Solzhenitsyn, written in 1959. The author's goal in the work is achieved in the development of two images - the narrator and the main character, Matrena Vasilievna. The emphasis on her name arose in the story in connection with the title, coined by the editor. In the original version, the work was called “A village does not stand without a righteous man”. The changes were aimed at […]
31. What is the role of the autobiographical narrator Ignatich in A. I. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin Dvor"? Forming a detailed discussion on the proposed topic, indicate the difference between the images of the narrator, narrator and author in a work of art. Emphasize that the narrator is a personified narrator, telling the story in the first person and endowed with his own way of speaking. Explain that the narrator A. I. Solzhenitsyn after an unsuccessful settlement [...] ...
32. The fate of the narrator is similar to the fate of Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn himself - he is also a front-line soldier. And also his return from the front was delayed "for ten years." That is, I had to serve time for nothing - like half the country, if not more, then sat in the camps. The hero dreams of working as a teacher in the rural outback - away from civilization. He left the link “in [...]
33. The second half of the 1950s was marked by the formation of the original genre of the “monumental story”. An example of this genre is M. Sholokhov's story “The Fate of a Man”. In the 1960s, the genre features of the “monumental story” were recognizable in A. Solzhenitsyn’s Matrenin Dvor, V. Zakrutkin’s The Human Mother, and E. Kazakevich’s In the Light of Day. The main difference of this genre is the image of a simple person who is the custodian of universal human values. […]...
34. In the work "Matrenin Dvor" A. Solzhenitsyn describes the life of one woman who is wise and hardworking, but, unfortunately, very lonely. Matrena, that is the name of this woman, is very responsive. People use it, but no one has ever tried to help her. And this cannot but depress the reader. The name of the work "Matryona's Dvor" can be interpreted in different ways. The reader will determine for himself [...]
35. History of creation The story “Matryona Dvor” was written by Solzhenitsyn in 1959. The first title of the story is “A village cannot stand without a righteous man” (Russian proverb). The final version of the title was invented by Tvardovsky, who at that time was the editor of the Novy Mir magazine, where the story was published in No. 1 for 1963. At the insistence of the editors, the beginning of the story was changed and […]...
36. In the work “Matryona Dvor”, Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn describes the life of a hardworking, intelligent, but very lonely woman - Matryona, whom no one understood or appreciated, but everyone tried to take advantage of her hard work and responsiveness. The very title of the story “Matryona Dvor” can be interpreted in different ways. In the first case, for example, the word “yard” can simply mean Matryona’s way of life, her household, her [...] ...
37. An exile with unheard of world fame, A. I. Solzhenitsyn combines in his personal appearance and creativity many principles that disturb our consciousness. Characteristic of this is the story “Matryona Dvor”. In the center of the story is the fate of a village woman. The concept of "village" for A. Solzhenitsyn is a model (synonymous) of people's life in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. The existence of a national peace, according to the author, is impossible […]
38. The story "Matryona Dvor" was published in 1963 in Novy Mir. Initially, the story was called "A village without the righteous does not stand." But, on the advice of A. Tvardovsky, in order to avoid censorship obstacles, the name was changed. For the same reasons, the year of action in the story from 1956 was replaced by the author with 1953. Matrenin Dvor, as the author himself noted, “is completely autobiographical and […]...
39. Many pages in Solzhenitsyn's work tell about the history of Russia. This topic is not randomly chosen by the author. In it, he tries to convey all his knowledge and experiences of that time. 1956 is a time of violence and despotism. The people carry a heavy burden under which the back bends. The vital customs and living conditions of the people will be shown in his [...] ...

The heroine of the work "Matryona Dvor"

A small essay-reasoning about a big story. Jacob

The story “Matryona Dvor” tells about Matryona and Ignatich, how they lived together and about what happened in their house, what situations they got into. The hero of the story, Ignatius, according to the description is very similar to Solzhenitsyn himself. But we are talking more about Matryona, about her, about a woman who, without self-interest, did everything for others.

Matryona is a woman of advanced years, with a spark in her heart that separates her from everyone.
The image of Matryona is characterized in the text as righteous. This is proved by many facts that explain the very essence of Matryona. One of them is that she did not have a pig, a cow, not because she is a quitter, she did not have enough time for everything. Someone constantly came to Matryona and asked to do something. And she, out of the kindness of her soul, walked, and did everything that she was told. She didn't charge a dime for her work. One day the wife of the chairman of the collective farm came to her and ordered her to take her pitchfork and go with everyone to harvest potatoes. Matryona was not a member of the collective farm due to poor health. And yet... She went and did whatever was required. Matryona did not receive any income. This woman had no pension, no earnings. Only with the arrival of Ignatius everything went uphill. He paid the amount for his living, the village council also paid extra because Ignatius worked at the school as a mathematics teacher.

Matryona almost never told anyone about her fate, about life, about her dreams and complaints. She kept everything to herself. But one late evening, Matryona told Ignatius everything, and much was cleared up in him about the old woman. She had a wonderful personality. Her heart didn't know the word no. Always, whether she wanted it or not, she agreed to any work.

There were many "bumps" in the fate of Matryona. At 19, she was to marry Thaddeus, who was 23. But the war began in 1914. Thaddeus was taken to the front. Thaddeus returned three years later, but it was too late ... Matryona married his younger brother Yefim. There were scandals because of this. Somehow, everything went off without a hitch. You can even say she was lucky in this. After all, Yefim did not beat her, unlike Thaddeus. Matryona's married life continued until June 1941. Yefim was taken to the war, and he never returned.

At the end of the story, there was a dispute between Thaddeus and the three sisters of Matryona for a piece of land in Cherusty. To take possession of it, it was necessary to build a house there. But there was no place to get logs. And Matryona just had a room. Thaddeus wanted to dismantle it, take away the logs and build a house in Cherusty. In the end, he succeeded. Matrena didn't even get a ruble for those damn boards. She didn't even ask for anything in return. When at night Thaddeus began to take away logs with the help of a tractor, taken stealthily from the collective farm and with the help of her relatives, Matryona went with them, throwing on a padded jacket. After a while they passed through the railroad. But then something unexpected happened. One of the trailers detached and remained on the railroad. While they were attaching it back, a train crept up on the railroad unnoticed. A blow, a groan ... The train locomotive overturned, the trailer was completely smashed, and there were victims on the part of Fadey, and the worst thing, Matryona, the heroine of the story, was dead. She was run over by a train when she was standing between the first and second trailers.

Three days later there was a funeral for Matryona, along with her nephew, who was also there. The weather was not good. It was February, blizzards. At the wake of Matryona, few people said something good about her. Although it was impossible to do without it. As Ignatius said: “We all lived next to her and did not understand that she was the same righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, it was not possible to build a village. Neither city. Not all our land."

Naturally, I was very interested in the story. Since it reveals honesty, diligence, as well as a person's love for all living on earth. A woman who is ready to help everyone and always. She gave away almost everything she had. Even, as they say, "A crumpled bread and that in half."