"The Cherry Orchard" is the pinnacle work of A.P. Chekhov. Comedy finished in 1903. The era of the greatest aggravation of social relations, a stormy social movement, the preparation of the first Russian revolution was clearly reflected in the last major work of the playwright. In The Cherry Orchard, Chekhov's general democratic position had an effect. In the play, the world of the nobility-bourgeois is shown in a critical way and people who are striving for a new life are depicted in bright colors. Chekhov responded to the most topical demands of the time. The play "The Cherry Orchard", being the completion of Russian critical realism, struck contemporaries with its extraordinary truthfulness.

Although The Cherry Orchard is based entirely on everyday material, life in it has a generalizing symbolic meaning. The cherry orchard itself is not the focus of Chekhov's attention: symbolically, the garden is the whole Motherland. Therefore, the theme of the play is the fate of Russia, its future. Its old masters, the nobles, are leaving the stage, and the capitalists are replacing it. But their dominance is short-lived, because they are destroyers of beauty. However, the real masters of life will come and turn Russia into a blooming garden.

The ideological pathos of the play is in the denial of the noble-manorial system, as having become obsolete. At the same time, the writer argues that the bourgeoisie, which is replacing the nobility, despite its vital activity, brings destruction with it.

Let's see what the representatives of the past are like in The Cherry Orchard. Andreevna Ranevskaya is a frivolous, empty woman who sees nothing around her but love interests, the desire to live beautifully, easily. She is simple, outwardly charming, and also outwardly kind: she gives five rubles to a drunken beggar tramp, easily kisses the maid Dunyasha, and treats Firs affectionately. But her kindness is conditional, the essence of her nature is selfishness and frivolity: Ranevskaya distributes large alms, while domestic servants are starving; arranges an unnecessary ball when there is nothing to pay debts; outwardly, she takes care of Firs, ordering him to be sent to the hospital, but he is forgotten in the boarded up house. Ranevskaya also neglects maternal feelings: her daughter remained in the care of a careless uncle for five years. She rejoices at her native places only on the day of arrival, she is saddened by the sale of the estate, but here she rejoices at the possibility of leaving for Paris. And when she talks about love for the Motherland, she interrupts herself with the remark: “However, you must drink coffee!” Accustomed to command, Ranevskaya orders Lopakhin to give her money. Lyubov Andreevna's transitions from one mood to another are unexpected and quick: from tears she turns to fun. In my opinion, the character of this woman is very repulsive and unpleasant.

Gaev, Ranevskaya's brother, is also helpless and lethargic. Everything about him is ridiculous and absurd: his ardent assurances that interest on the estate will be paid, accompanied by sending a candy to his mouth, and pathetic speech addressed to the closet. The frivolity and inconstancy of this man is also evidenced by the fact that he cries, having brought the news of the sale of the estate, but, having heard the sound of billiard balls, he stops crying.

Servants in comedy are also a symbol of the old life. They live according to the rule “muzhiks with the masters, the lords with the peasants” and they cannot imagine anything else.

Chekhov attached particular importance to the merchant Lopakhin: “The role of Lopakhin is central. If it doesn’t work, then the whole play will fail.” Lopakhin replaces Ranevsky and Gaev. The playwright sees the relative progressiveness of this bourgeois in the fact that he is energetic and efficient, smart and enterprising; he works from morning to evening. His practical advice, if Ranevskaya had accepted them, would have saved the estate. Lopakhin has a "thin, tender soul", thin fingers, like an artist's. However, he recognizes only utilitarian beauty. Pursuing the goals of enrichment, Lopakhin destroys beauty and cuts down the cherry orchard.

The reign of the Lopakhins is transient. They will be replaced by new people Trofimov and Anya. They embody the future of the country.

In Petya, Chekhov embodied aspiration for the future. The Trofimovs are involved in the social movement. It is Peter who glorifies work and calls for work: “Humanity is moving forward, perfecting its strength. Everything that is inaccessible to him now will someday become close, understandable, but now you have to work, help with all your might to those who are looking for the truth. True, specific ways to change the social structure are not clear to Trofimov. He only declaratively calls to the future. And the playwright endowed him with the features of eccentricity (remember the episode of searching for galoshes or falling down the stairs). But still, his calls awakened the surrounding people and forced them to look ahead.

Trofimov is supported by Anya, a girl who is poetically minded and enthusiastic. Petya calls on Ranevskaya's daughter to turn her life around. And at the end of the comedy, Anya and Trofimov say goodbye to the past and enter into a new life. "Goodbye, old life!" Anya says. And Petya echoes her: “Hello, new life!” With these words, the writer himself welcomed the new era in the life of his country.

So, in The Cherry Orchard, as in other Chekhov's plays, there is a realistic symbolism. The very name "Cherry Orchard" is symbolic. The garden is reminiscent of a difficult past. “Your grandfather, great-grandfather and all your ancestors were feudal lords who owned living souls, and are human beings looking at you from every cherry in the garden, from every leaf, from every trunk,” says Trofimov. But a blooming garden is a symbol of the beauty of the Motherland, of life in general. The sounds are symbolic, especially at the end of the piece: the blow of an ax on a tree, the sound of a broken string. They are associated with the end of the old life. The symbolism here is very transparent: the old life is leaving, it is being replaced by a new one.

Chekhov's optimism is very strongly felt. The writer believed that a bright, joyful life would come. However, no matter how rude it may sound, today it is a poor dumping ground for the world's waste, and not a flowering garden. And modern life makes one doubt the words of the great playwright

The pinnacle of Chekhov's work, his "swan song" is the comedy "The Cherry Orchard", completed in 1903. The era of the greatest aggravation of social relations, a turbulent social movement, found clear expression in the last major work. In The Cherry Orchard, Chekhov's general democratic position had an effect. In the play, the world of the nobility-bourgeois is shown in a critical way and people who are striving for a new life are depicted in bright colors. Chekhov responded to the most topical demands of the time.
The ideological pathos of the play is in the denial of the nobility-local system as obsolete. At the same time, the writer argues that the bourgeoisie, which is replacing the nobility, despite its vital activity, brings with it destruction and the power of the chistogan.
Chekhov saw that the "old" was doomed to wither, for it had grown on fragile, unhealthy roots. A new, worthy owner must come. And this owner appears in the form of a merchant-entrepreneur Lopakhin, to whom the cherry orchard passes from the former owners, Ranevskaya and Gaev. Symbolically, the garden is the whole homeland (“the whole of Russia is our garden”). Therefore, the main theme of the play is the fate of the motherland, its future. The old masters, the nobles Ranevsky and Gaev, are leaving the stage, and the capitalists Lopakhins are replacing it.
The image of Lopakhin occupies a central place in the play. Chekhov attached particular importance to this image: “... the role of Lopakhin is central. If it fails, then the whole play will fail.” Lopakhin is a representative of post-reform Russia, attached to progressive ideas and striving not only to round off capital, but also to fulfill his social mission. He buys up landowners' estates in order to rent them out as summer cottages, and believes that with his activities he is bringing a better new life closer. This person is very energetic and businesslike, smart and enterprising, he works "from morning to evening", inactivity is simply painful for him. His practical advice, if Ranevskaya had accepted them, would have saved the estate. Taking away her favorite cherry orchard from Ranevskaya, Lopakhin sympathizes with her and Gaev. That is, he has both spiritual subtlety, and grace externally and internally. No wonder Petya notes the subtle soul of Lopakhin, his thin fingers, like those of an artist.
Lopakhin is passionate about his work, and is sincerely convinced that Russian life is arranged “incoherently”, it needs to be redone so that “grandchildren and great-grandchildren see a new life.” He complains that there are few honest, decent people around. All these features were in Chekhov's time inherent in a whole stratum of the bourgeoisie. And fate makes them masters, even to some extent heirs of the values ​​created by previous generations. Chekhov emphasizes the dual nature of the Lopakhins: the progressive views of an intellectual citizen and the entanglement of prejudice, the inability to rise to the defense of national interests. “Come and watch how Yermolai Lopakhin hits the cherry orchard with an ax, how the trees fall to the ground! We will set up dachas, and our grandchildren and great-grandchildren will see a new life here!” But the second part of the speech is doubtful: it is unlikely that Lopakhin will build a new life for posterity. This creative part is beyond his power, he only destroys what was created in the past. It is no coincidence that Petya Trofimov compares Lopakhin to a beast that eats everything that gets in its way. And Lopakhin himself does not consider himself a creator, he calls himself a “man-man”. The speech of this hero is also very remarkable, which fully reveals the character of a businessman-entrepreneur. His speech changes depending on the circumstances. Being in a circle of intelligent people, he uses barbarisms: auction, circulation, project; in communication with ordinary people, colloquial words slip through his speech: I suppose, what, you need to clean it up.
In the play The Cherry Orchard, Chekhov argues that the Lopakhins' dominance is short-lived, for they are the destroyers of beauty. The wealth of mankind accumulated over the centuries should belong not to money people, but to truly cultured people, “capable of answering before the strict court of history for their own deeds.”

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Lyceum No. 1" r.p. Chamzinka Chamzinsky district of the Republic of Mordovia

Tests based on the play by A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard"

prepared by the teacher of Russian language and literature Pechkazova Svetlana Petrovna

Chamzinka

Explanatory note

The test on the play by A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard" contains questions about the life and work of the writer.

Each question has four possible answers.

The presented resource can be used at the final lesson of literature on the writer's work in grade 10.

Evaluation criteria:

"5" (excellent) - the work was done flawlessly,

"4" (good) - no more than 2 errors were made in the work,

"3" (satisfactory) - more than 2 errors were made in the work,

"2" (unsatisfactory) - more than 5 errors were made in the work,

Test. A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard". Grade 10 (Option 1)

a) tragicomedy; b) drama; c) tragedy; d) lyrical comedy; e) social comedy.

2. What is the peculiarity of the dialogue in the play "The Cherry Orchard"?

a) is built as a dialogue-monologue; b) classical dialogue - the remark is the answer to the previous one; c) disordered conversation - the characters do not hear each other.

3. Name the main conflict in the play "The Cherry Orchard":

a) conflict between generations (Ranevskaya - Anya, Petya - Trofimov); 6) there is no external intrigue, struggle; c) struggle over the sale of the estate; d) clash between different social groups (landowner Ranevskaya - merchant Lopakhin);

e) intra-family conflict (Ranevskaya - Varya, Lopakhin).

4. Indicate the off-stage characters of the play "The Cherry Orchard":

a) Yaroslavl aunt; b) Simeonov-Pishchik; c) Charlotte Ivanovna; d) Dasha, daughter of Simeonov-Pishchik; e) Ranevskaya's lover; f) "twenty-two misfortunes."

5. Whose words are these: “Oh, my dear, my gentle, beautiful garden! .. My life, my youth, my happiness, farewell! .. Farewell! ..”?

a) Ani; b) Ranevskaya; c) Vari; d) Charlotte Ivanovna.

6. Who owns the words: “Lord, you gave us vast forests, vast fields, the deepest horizons, and living here, we ourselves should really be giants ...”?

a) Lopakhin; b) Gaev; c) Trofimov; d) footman Yasha; e) Firs.

7. What is the main love line of the play:

a) Anya - Trofimov; b) Lopakhin - Ranevskaya; c) Lopakhin - Varya; d) Yasha - Dunyasha;

e) Epikhodov - Dunyasha.

8. The play "The Cherry Orchard" is full of symbols: a cherry orchard, a city that can be seen in the distance, a passer-by ... Complete this row:

a) a brooch in the form of a bee; b) the sound of a broken string, c) lollipops; d) billiards; e) the sound of an axe.

9. The first production of the play "The Cherry Orchard" was carried out by the Art Theater in:

a) 1901; b) 1910; c) 1900; d) 1904; e) 1899.

10. How did the Art Theater call the development of action characteristic of Chekhov's plays?

a) "turbulent stream"; b) “undercurrent”; c) “invisible life”; d) storm and stress.

Key

Test. A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard". Grade 10 (Option 2)

1. When the Cherry Orchard ends:

a) in the spring b) in summer; c) autumn; d) in winter.

2. Who is it about: “I am a developed person, I read various wonderful books, but I just can’t understand the direction of what I actually want, should I live or shoot myself, in fact”: a) Epikhodov; b) Petya Trofimov; c) Lopakhin; d) Gaev.

3. Who bought the cherry orchard: a) Gaev; b) Lopakhin; c) Petya Trofimov; d) Simeonov-Pishchik.

4. Where did Ranevskaya come from: a) from Paris; b) from London; c) from Rome; d) from Berlin.

5. How many actions in the "Cherry Orchard": a) 2; b) 3; at 4; d) 5.

6. Who owns the remark: “Men with gentlemen, gentlemen with men, and now everything is scattered, you won’t understand anything”: a) Firs; b) Lopakhin; c) Gaev; d) Simeonov-Pishchik.

7. What Firs calls "misfortune": a) the sale of the cherry orchard; b) Ranevskaya's departure;

c) the death of Ranevskaya's son; d) the liberation of the peasants from serfdom.

8. What Gaev refers to: “I welcome your existence, which for more than a hundred years has been directed towards the bright ideals of goodness and justice; your silent call to fruitful work has not weakened for a hundred years, maintaining vigor in the generations of our family, faith in a better future and educating in us the ideals of goodness and social self-consciousness”: a) to the garden; b) to the table; c) to the closet; d) to a billiard cue.

9. Who owns the line: "Children's, my dear, beautiful room ... I slept here when I was little ... And now I'm like a little":

a) Ranevskaya; b) Vare; c) Anya; d) Charlotte Ivanovna

10. What did Petya Trofimov lose at the end of the play: a) felt boots; b) shoes; c) galoshes; d) boots.

11. Firs patronymic: a) Stepanovich; b) Nikolaevich; c) Andreevich; d) Ivanovich.

12. As Firs calls other characters in the play:

a) sluts; b) fools; c) stupidity; d) wicked.

Key

Test. A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard". Grade 10 (Option 3)

1. The first production of The Cherry Orchard was staged by the Moscow Art Theater in: 1) 1900, 2) 1901, 3) 1904, 4) 1906.

2. Indicate the main conflict in the play "The Cherry Orchard": 1) conflict between generations (Ranevskaya - Anya, Petya Trofimov), 2) there is no external intrigue, struggle, 3) the struggle over the sale of the estate, 4) a clash between different social groups (landowner Ranevskaya - merchant Lopakhin)

3. Epikhodov in the play is a “symbol” of: 1) general trouble, 2) general loneliness, 3) psychological deafness, 4) exceptional fate

1) for Gaev, 2) for Trofimov, 3) for Lopakhin, 4) for Firs

5. What is the maiden name of Ranevskaya:

1) Epikhodova, 2) Trofimova, 3) Lopakhina, 4) Gaeva

6. Indicate the name of the hero of the play "The Cherry Orchard", who asks Ranevskaya to take him to Paris with her, since Russia for him is "an uneducated country", "immoral people, moreover, boredom ...": 1) Yasha, 2) Firs, 3) Petya, 4) Yermolai

7. Which of the characters sprinkles his speech with "billiard" vocabulary: 1) Lopakhin, 2) Gaev, 3) Trofimov, 4 ) Epikhodov

8. Indicate the name of the heroine who dreams of such a fate: “If there was money, at least a little, at least a hundred rubles, I would leave everything, I would go away. Went to the monastery"

1) Lyubov Andreevna, 2) Anya, 3) Varya, 4) Charlotte

9. Who does Petya Trofimov call "a beast of prey": 1) Epikhodov, 2) Gaev, 3) Trofimov, 4) Lopakhin

10. Who owns the replica: "All Russia is our garden ...":

1) Lopakhin, 2) Trofimov, 3) Gaev, 4) Epikhodov

11. What is the peculiarity of the dialogues in the play "The Cherry Orchard": 1) they are built as dialogues - monologues, 2) they are built like classic dialogues - the cue is the answer to the previous one, 3) they are built as an unordered conversation (characters do not hear each other) , 4) one monologue is replaced by another

12. The ideas of what political movement did A.P. Chekhov share:

1) socialism, 2) liberalism, 3) “pochvennichestvo”, 4) out of politics

Key

References:

Korshunova I.N., Lipin E.Yu. Tests in Russian literature. – M.: Bustard, 2015

Romashina N.F. Literature tests for current and generalized control. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2014

Berezhnaya I.D. Current control of knowledge in literature. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2014

Mironova N.A. Literature tests in grade 11. - M.: Exam, 2015.

Test. A.P. Chekhov. "The Cherry Orchard".

1. A play is:

A) one of the literary genres, involving the creation of the artistic world of a literary work in the form of a stage embodiment;

B) any dramatic work without specifying the genre, intended for staging on the stage;

C) a dramatic genre that is built on a tragic conflict between characters and circumstances.

2. What theater did A.P. Chekhov closely cooperate with?

A) Maly Theater

B) "Contemporary"

B) Art Theater

D) Stanislavsky Theater

3. The theme of the play by A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard" is:

A) the fate of Russia, its future

B) the fate of Ranevskaya and Gaev

C) the invasion of the life of the local nobility of the capitalist Lopakhin

4. The ideological pathos of comedy is:

A) a reflection of the obsolete nobility-local system

B) the role of the bourgeoisie, which came to replace and bring destruction and the power of money

C) waiting for real "masters of life" who will turn Russia into a blooming garden

5. The symbol is one of the paths, a hidden comparison. Determine the meaning of the symbols used in the play by the author:

1) cherry orchard

2) ax blows, sounds of a broken string

3) clothes of an old footman: livery, white waistcoat, white gloves, tailcoat, boarded up house -

A) a symbol of the past

B) a symbol of the beauty of Russia and life

C) a symbol of the end of the old life

6. The age of Pyotr Sergeevich Trofimov can be judged from the replicas of the characters in the play. Which of the characters is closer to the truth:

A) Lopakhin: “He is fifty soon, but he is still a student”

B) Ranevskaya: “You are twenty-six or twenty-seven, and you are still a second-grade schoolboy

7. Find the discrepancy:

A) Ranevskaya Lyubov Andreevna, landowner

B) Varya, her adopted daughter, 24 years old

C) the action takes place in Gaev's estate

8. Who addressed the closet with a solemn speech?

A) Yasha

B) Gaev

B) Lopakhin

9. Who ate half a bucket of cucumbers at once?

A) landowner Simeonov-Pishchik

B) Firs

C) Petya Trofimov

10. Who had the nickname "twenty-two misfortunes"?

A) Firs

B) Epikhodov

B) Gaev

11. Who treated his peasant mother with contempt, since he had been to Paris and considered himself educated?

A) Lopakhin

B) Simeonov-Pishchik

B) Yasha

12. Who was good at performing tricks?

A) Anya

B) Charlotte Ivanovna

B) Varya

13. I gave gold to a passerby, while at home there was nothing to eat.

A) Ranevskaya

B) Charlotte Ivanovna

B) Varya

14. Who called the emancipation of the peasants a misfortune?

A) Firs

B) Gaev

B) Yasha

15. Who said about himself that his father was a man, and he himself is now in a white vest, yellow boots?

A) Gaev

B) Lopakhin

B) Epikhodov

16. Who, saying goodbye to the old life, exclaims: “Hello, new life!”?

A) Petya Trofimov

B) Anya

B) Ranevskaya

17. Who says: “All Russia is our garden!”?

A) Varya

B) Petya Trofimov

Vania

18. How did A.P. Chekhov call his last dramatic work?

A) The Cherry Orchard

B) "Uncle Vanya"

B) "Seagull"

19. Who was Lopakhin Ermolai Alekseevich?

A) a clerk

B) servant

B) a merchant

20. Who called Petya Trofimov "a shabby gentleman"?

A) Gaev

B) one woman in the car

B) Yasha

Surname _____________________________ given name ________________ _