Bulgakov's dog's heart what a ball was. Characteristics of the heroes of the "Heart of a Dog"

From an ordinary mongrel dog, an ignorant and dangerous boor Sharikov is formed, inheriting from Klim Chugunkin (donor) not only the pituitary gland, but also an unsympathetic appearance, bad habits and a tendency to alcoholism. The author shows how, gradually, "processed" by the chairman of the house committee Shvonder, Polygraph Poligrafovich (he chose such a name for himself) makes more and more demands on Professor Preobrazhevsky, becomes a threat to the whole house.

The first words that the man-dog utters are vulgar swearing and the lexicon of the tavern. Having become a man, he follows the habits and tastes of the three-time convicted frequenter of beer houses Klim Chugunkin plays the balalaika, dresses with blatant bad taste (“poisonous sky-colored” tie, patent leather boots with white leggings). Perhaps Sharikov would have remained within the framework of bad habits, not representing any particular danger, if not for Shvonder. Supported by the chairman of the house committee, Polygraph Poligrafevich begins to make exorbitant demands. To fair remarks, he snaps: “Something you are hurting me, daddy.” Sharikov considers himself a labor element. Theater for him is "one counter-revolution". The escalation of the outrages perpetrated by Sharikov is growing. He already demands to be called by name and patronymic, brings papers from the housing association to a living space of sixteen arshins, to this living space He brings suspicious personalities who turned out to be thieves, and then the bride. The patience of Preobrazhensky and Bormental runs out, but as soon as Sharikov feels threatened, he becomes dangerous. After disappearing for a few days, he appears in a new form. "He wore a leather jacket from someone else's shoulder", On paper; which Sharikov presented to the professor, it appeared that he "is the head of the subdepartment for cleaning the city of Moscow from stray animals (cats, etc.) in the department of the IAC." Putting on a leather jacket, Sharikov finds himself "in his specialty", he felt the power and rudely uses it. Inspired by Schwonder, he composes a denunciation of the professor and his assistant, acquires a revolver and ultimately points it at Bormenthal, signing his own death warrant. Having undergone a reverse operation, the dog, of course, does not remember anything and is quite satisfied with his fate.

The experiment failed, the professor himself understands that he has gone too far in his scientific search. Scientific interest does not justify the monstrous results obtained in the competition with the Creator. The scene of the operation itself attracts attention: Bulgakov enhances the naturalism and physiology of the description, causing a feeling of disgust for what is happening. In excitement and excitement, the "creators" of the new human unit themselves lose their human qualities.

It is understandable why Bulgakov was then worried about the problem of such scientific creations: before his eyes, a social experiment more monstrous in its scale and results, conceived and carried out by political adventurers, was taking place - the revolution and its consequences. A new type of person was being created - homo sovieticus, in which the satirist writer saw first of all Sharikov.

Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov is an unambiguously negative character in Mikhail Bulgakov's story "Heart of a Dog", which unites three genres at once: fantasy, satire and dystopia.

Previously, he was an ordinary stray dog ​​Sharik, but after a bold experiment carried out by a talented surgeon, Professor Preobrazhensky and his assistant, Dr. Bormental, he becomes a man. Having come up with a new name for himself and even acquiring a passport, Sharikov begins a new life and fanned the fire of the class struggle with his creator, claiming his living space and “shaking” his rights in every possible way.

Characteristics of the main character

Polygraph Poligrafovich is an unusual and unique creature that appeared as a result of transplantation of the pituitary gland and seminal glands from a human donor to a dog. The balalaika player, recidivist thief and parasite Klim Chugunkin became an accidental donor. On the eve of the operation, he is killed with a knife in the heart in a drunken brawl, and a professor who conducts research in the field of rejuvenation of the human body uses his organs for scientific purposes. However, the pituitary gland transplant does not give the effect of rejuvenation, but leads to the humanization of the former dog and its transformation into Sharikov in just a few weeks.

(Vladimir Tolokonnikov as Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov, film "Heart of a Dog", USSR 1988)

The appearance of the new “man” turned out to be rather unpleasant and, one might say, repulsive: short stature, hair that is hard and growing like bushes in an uprooted field, a face almost completely covered with fluff, a low forehead, thick eyebrows. From the former Sharik, who was the most ordinary yard dog, battered by life and people, ready for anything for the sake of a deliciously smelling piece of sausage, but with a faithful and kind canine heart, the new Sharikov has only an innate hatred of cats, which influenced his choice of a future profession - head of the department for cleaning the city of Moscow from stray animals (including cats). But the heredity of Klim Chugunkin manifested itself in full: here you have rampant drunkenness, impudence, rudeness, blatant savagery and immorality, and finally an accurate and true “scent” of the class enemy, which turned out to be its creator Professor Preobrazhensky.

Sharikov brazenly declares to everyone that he is a simple worker and proletariat, fights for his rights and demands respect for himself. He comes up with a name for himself, decides to get a passport in order to finally legitimize his identity in society, gets a job as a stray cat catcher and even decides to get married. Having become, as he thinks, a full-fledged member of society, he considers himself entitled to tyrannize his class enemies Bormental and Preobrazhensky, brazenly claims a part of the living space in order to arrange his personal life, with the help of Shvonder, cooks a false denunciation of the professor and threatens him with a revolver. An outstanding surgeon and world-famous luminary, having suffered a complete fiasco in his experiment and a failure in raising the resulting humanoid monster Sharikov, commits a deliberate crime - puts him to sleep and with the help of another operation turns him back into a dog.

The image of the hero in the work

The image of Sharikov was created by Bulgakov as a reaction to the events taking place at that time (20-30s of the XX century), the coming to power of the Bolsheviks and his attitude towards the proletariat as the builders of a new life. The impressive image of Sharikov gives readers a clear description of a very dangerous social phenomenon that originated in post-revolutionary Russia. Very often, such terrible people as Sharikov got power into their own hands, which led to horrific consequences, devastation and destruction of all the best that has been created for centuries.

The fact that normal intelligent people (such as Bormenthal and Preobrazhensky) considered savagery and immorality was considered the norm in the society of that time: to live at someone else's expense, inform on everyone and everything, treat smart and intelligent people with contempt, etc. It is not for nothing that the professor is still trying to remake and educate the “rare scum” of Sharikov, while the new government accepts him as he is, supports him in every possible way and considers him a full-fledged member of society. That is, for them, he is a completely normal person, who does not fall out of the normal behavior at all.

In the story, Preobrazhensky, having realized his mistake of interfering in the affairs of nature, manages to correct everything and destroy his terrible creation. However, in life everything is much more complicated and confusing, it is impossible to make society better and cleaner with the help of revolutionary violent methods, such an attempt is doomed to failure in advance, and history itself proves this.

Ball- the main character of the fantastic story "Heart of a Dog" by M. A. Bulgakov, a homeless dog who was picked up and sheltered by Professor Preobrazhensky. This is an eternally hungry, frozen, homeless dog that wanders in doorways in search of food. At the beginning of the story, we learn that a cruel cook scalded his side, and now he is afraid to ask someone for food, lies against a cold wall and waits for the end. But suddenly the smell of sausage comes from somewhere and he, unable to stand it, follows her. A mysterious gentleman walked along the sidewalk, who not only treated him to sausage, but also invited him to his house. Since then, Sharik began a completely different life.

The professor took good care of him, cured his sore side, brought him into proper shape and fed him several times a day. Soon Sharik began to turn away even from roast beef. The rest of the inhabitants of the professor's large apartment also treated Sharik well. In response, he was ready to faithfully serve his master and savior. Sharik himself was a smart dog. He knew how to distinguish letters on street signs, he knew exactly where the Glavryba store in Moscow was, where the meat counters were. Soon something strange happened to him. Professor Preobrazhensky decided to conduct an amazing experiment on transplanting human organs on it.

The experiment was a success, but after that Sharik began to gradually take on a human form and behave like the former owner of the transplanted organs - the thief and recidivist Klim Grigorievich Chugunkin who died in a fight. So Sharik turned from a kind and smart dog into an ill-mannered boor, an alcoholic and a brawler named Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov.

"Heart of a Dog" characteristic of Preobrazhensky

Preobrazhensky Philip Philipovich- the central character of the fantastic story "Heart of a Dog" by M. A. Bulgakov, the luminary of medicine of world importance, an experimental surgeon who has achieved remarkable results in the field of rejuvenation. The professor lives and works in Moscow on Prechistenka. He has a seven-room apartment, where he conducts his experiments. Housekeepers Zina, Daria Petrovna and temporarily his assistant Bormental live with him. It was Philip Philipovich who decided to conduct a unique experiment on a stray dog ​​to transplant the human pituitary gland and testicles.

As a test subject, he used a stray dog ​​Sharik. The results of his experiment exceeded expectations, as Sharik began to take on a human form. However, as a result of this physical and psychological humanization, Sharik turned into a terrible rude, drunkard and violator of law and order. The professor connected this with the fact that he transplanted the organs of Klim Chugunkin, a brawler, a recidivist thief, an alcoholic and a bully, to the dog. Over time, rumors about a dog that turned into a man leaked out and the creation of Preobrazhensky was issued an official document in the name of Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. Moreover, the chairman of the house committee, Shvonder, forced Philip Fillipovich to register Sharikov in the apartment as a full-fledged inhabitant.

Sharikov is the complete antipode of the professor, which leads to an insoluble conflict. When Preobrazhensky asked him to leave the apartment, the matter ended with threats with a revolver. Without a moment's hesitation, the professor decided to correct his mistake and, having put Sharikov to sleep, performed a second operation, which returned the dog's good heart and former appearance.

"Dog's heart" characteristic of Sharikov

Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov- the main negative character of the story "Heart of a Dog", the man into whom the dog Sharik turned after the operation of Professor Preobrazhensky. At the beginning of the story, it was a kind and harmless dog, who was picked up by the professor. After an experimental operation to implant human organs, he gradually assumed a human form and acted like a person, albeit immoral. His moral qualities left much to be desired, since the transplanted organs belonged to the deceased recidivist thief Klim Chugunkin. Soon, the newly converted dog was given the name Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov and presented with a passport.

Sharikov became a real problem for the professor. He was rowdy, pestered neighbors, molested servants, used foul language, got into fights, stole and drank heavily. As a result, it became clear that he inherited all these habits from the former owner of the transplanted pituitary gland. Immediately after receiving a passport, he got a job as the head of the subdepartment for cleaning Moscow from stray animals. Sharikov's cynicism and heartlessness forced the professor to perform another operation to turn him back into a dog. Fortunately, Sharik's pituitary gland was preserved in him, so at the end of the story Sharikov again became a kind and affectionate dog, without boorish habits.

"Dog's heart" characteristic of Bormental

Bormental Ivan Arnoldovich- one of the main characters of the story "Heart of a Dog" by M. A. Bulgakov, assistant and assistant to Professor Preobrazhensky. This young doctor is fundamentally honest and noble by nature. He is completely devoted to his teacher and is always ready to help. He cannot be called weak-willed, because at the right time he knows how to show firmness of character. Preobrazhensky accepted Bormental as an assistant when he was still a student at the department. Immediately after graduation, a capable student became an assistant professor.

In a conflict situation that arose between Sharikov and Preobrazhensky, he takes the side of the professor and tries his best to protect him and other characters. Sharikov was once just a stray dog ​​that was picked up and adopted by a professor. For the purposes of the experiment, the human pituitary gland and testicles were transplanted to him. Over time, the dog not only became human, but also began to behave like a person, like the previous owner of the transplanted organs - thief and recidivist Klim Chugunkin. When the rumor about the new resident reached the house committee, Sharik was given documents in the name of Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov and was registered in the professor's apartment.

Bormental carefully monitored the behavior of this impudent and ill-mannered creature, not shunning even physical violence. He had to move in with the professor for a while to help deal with Sharikov, whom he almost strangled in a rage. Then the professor had to perform a second operation to turn Sharikov back into a dog.

"Dog heart" characteristic Shvonder

Shvonder- a minor character in the story "Heart of a Dog", a proletarian, the new head of the house committee. He played an important role in introducing Sharikov into society. Despite this, the author does not give him a detailed description. This is not a person, but a public person, a generalized image of the proletariat. All that is known about his appearance is that a thick mop of curly hair towered on his head. He does not like class enemies, to which he refers Professor Prebrazhensky and demonstrates this in every possible way.

For Schwonder, the most important thing in the world is a "document", that is, a piece of paper. Having learned that an unregistered person lives in Philip Philipovich's apartment, he immediately obliges him to register him and issue a passport in the name of Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. He does not care where this man came from and the fact that Sharikov is just a dog transformed as a result of the experiment. Shvonder bows before the authorities, believes in the power of laws, regulations and documents. He does not even care that the professor has made a real revolution in science and medicine. For him, Sharikov is just another unit of society, a tenant of an apartment who needs to be registered.

Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov is the main negative character of the story "Heart of a Dog", the man into whom the dog Sharik turned after the operation of Professor Preobrazhensky. At the beginning of the story, it was a kind and harmless dog, who was picked up by the professor. After an experimental operation to implant human organs, he gradually assumed a human form and acted like a person, albeit immoral. His moral qualities left much to be desired, since the transplanted organs belonged to the deceased recidivist thief Klim Chugunkin. Soon, the newly converted dog was given the name Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov and presented with a passport.

Sharikov became a real problem for the professor. He was rowdy, pestered neighbors, molested servants, used foul language, got into fights, stole and drank heavily. As a result, it became clear that he inherited all these habits from the former owner of the transplanted pituitary gland. Immediately after receiving a passport, he got a job as the head of the subdepartment for cleaning Moscow from stray animals. Sharikov's cynicism and heartlessness forced the professor to perform another operation to turn him back into a dog. Fortunately, Sharik's pituitary gland was preserved in him, so at the end of the story Sharikov again became a kind and affectionate dog, without boorish habits.

In the story “Heart of a Dog” M.A. Bulgakov does not just describe the unnatural experiment of Professor Preobrazhensky. The writer shows a new type of person who arose not in the laboratory of a talented scientist, but in the new, Soviet reality of the first post-revolutionary years. The basis of the plot of the story is the relationship between a prominent Russian scientist and Sharik, Sharikov, a dog and an artificially created person. The first part of the story is built mainly on the internal monologue of a half-starved street dog. He evaluates the life of the street in his own way, life, customs, characters of Moscow during the NEP, from her numerous shops, tea houses, taverns on Myasnitskaya "with sawdust on the floor, evil clerks who hate dogs." Sharik knows how to sympathize, appreciate kindness and kindness, and, oddly enough, he perfectly understands the social structure of the new Russia: he condemns the new masters of life (“I am now the chairman, and no matter how much I steal, everything goes to the female body, to cancer necks, on Abrau-Durso”), but about the old Moscow intellectual Preobrazhensky he knows that "this one will not kick with his foot."

In Sharik's life, in his opinion, a happy accident happens - he finds himself in a luxurious professorial apartment, in which, despite the widespread devastation, there is everything and even "extra rooms". But the professor doesn't need the dog for fun. A fantastic experiment is conceived over him: by transplanting a part of the human brain, a dog should turn into a man. But if Professor Preobrazhensky becomes the Faust who creates a man in a test tube, then the second father - the man who gives the dog his pituitary gland - is Klim Petrovich Chugunkin, whose characterization is given extremely briefly: “Profession - playing the balalaika in taverns. Small in stature, poorly built. The liver is enlarged (alcohol). The cause of death was a stab to the heart in a pub.” And the creature that appeared as a result of the operation completely inherited the proletarian essence of its ancestor. He is arrogant, arrogant, aggressive.

He is completely devoid of ideas about human culture, about the rules of relationships with other people, he is absolutely immoral. Gradually, an inevitable conflict is brewing between the creator and creation, Preobrazhensky and Sharik, more precisely, Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov, as the “homunculus” calls himself. And the tragedy is that a “man” who has barely learned to walk finds reliable allies in life who bring a revolutionary theoretical basis to all his actions. From Shvonder, Sharikov learns what privileges he, a proletarian, has in comparison with a professor, and, moreover, begins to realize that the scientist who gave him human life is a class enemy. Sharikov is clearly aware of the main credo of the new masters of life: rob, steal, take away everything created by other people, and most importantly - strive for universal leveling. And the dog, once grateful to the professor, can no longer come to terms with the fact that he “settled alone in seven rooms,” and brings paper, according to which he is entitled to an area of ​​​​16 meters in the apartment. Sharikov is alien to conscience, shame, morality. He lacks human qualities, except for meanness, hatred, malice ... Every day he loosens his belt more and more. He steals, drinks, commits excesses in Preobrazhensky's apartment, molests women.

But the finest hour for Sharikov is his new work. The ball makes a dizzying leap: from a stray dog, he turns into the head of the subdepartment for cleaning the city from stray animals.

And it is precisely this choice of profession that is not surprising: the Sharkovs always strive to destroy their own. But Sharikov does not stop on what has been achieved. After some time, he appears in an apartment on Prechistenka with a young girl and declares: “I sign with her, this is our typist. Bormental will have to be evicted…” Of course, it turns out that Sharikov deceived the girl and made up many stories about himself. And the last chord of Sharikov's activity is the denunciation of Professor Preobrazhensky. In the story, the sorcerer-professor succeeds in the reverse transformation monster man into an animal, into a dog. It is good that the professor understood that nature does not tolerate violence against itself. But, alas, in real life, balls turned out to be much more tenacious. Self-confident, arrogant, no doubters in their sacred rights to everything, semi-literate lumpen brought our country to the deepest crisis, because violence against the course of history, neglect of the laws of its development could only give rise to Sharikovs. In the story, Sharikov again turned into a dog, but in life he went a long and, as it seemed to him, and others were inspired, a glorious path and in the thirties and fifties he poisoned people, as he once did stray cats and dogs in the line of duty. Through all his life he carried dog anger and suspicion replacing them with dog loyalty that has become unnecessary. Entering into rational life, he remained at the level of instincts and was ready to change the whole country, the whole world, the whole universe so that these bestial instincts could be more easily satisfied.

He is proud of his low origin. He prides himself on his low education. In general, he is proud of everything low, because only this raises him high above those who are high in spirit, mind. People like Preobrazhensky must be trampled into the mud so that Sharikov can rise above them. Outwardly, the balls are no different from people, but their non-human essence is just waiting for the moment to manifest itself. And then they turn into monsters, which, at the first opportunity to grab a tidbit, drop the mask and show their true essence. They are ready to betray their own. Everything that is highest and most holy turns into its opposite as soon as they touch it. And the worst thing is that the ball managed to achieve enormous power, and when coming to power, the non-human tries to dehumanize everyone around, because it is easier to control non-humans, they have all human feelings replaced by the instinct of self-preservation. In our country, after the revolution, all conditions were created for the appearance of a huge number of ball-and-sockets with dog hearts. The totalitarian system is very conducive to this. Probably due to the fact that these monsters have penetrated into all areas of life, that they are still among us, Russia is going through hard times now. It is terrible that aggressive balls with their truly canine vitality, in spite of everything, can survive. The dog's heart in union with the human mind is the main threat of our time. That is why the story, written at the beginning of the century, remains relevant today, serving as a warning to future generations. Sometimes it seems that our country has become different. But the consciousness, stereotypes, way of thinking of people will not change either in ten or twenty years - more than one generation will change before the balls disappear from our lives, before people become different, before the vices described by M.A. Bulgakov in his immortal work. How I want to believe that this time will come! ..