syntactic rules. What does the poet admire about describing the Russian peasant woman? frost red nose The transformation of the ugly duckling into a beautiful swan

One of the largest works of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin". The poet devoted about nine years to its creation. He painted unusually lively and memorable images of Onegin, Tatyana, Olga, Lensky, which brought fame to the author and made the novel immortal. Russian classical music was distinguished by a deep interest in female characters. The best tried to comprehend and portray a woman not only as an object of adoration, love, but above all as a person.

A.S. Pushkin was the first to do this. Belinsky considered the creation of the image of Tatyana Larina, the truth of a Russian woman, a feat of the poet. The author endows his heroine with a simple name: “Her sister was called Tatyana” and explains it this way: “The sweetest-sounding Greek names, such as, for example, Agathon, Filat, Fyodor, Thekla and others, are used among us only among commoners.” He explains this in the novel in the following lines:

For the first time with such a name

Gentle pages of a novel

We will sanctify.

And what is it nice, sonorous:

But with him, I know, inseparable

Remembrance of old

Or girlish!

We first meet Tatiana at her parents' estate. About the father of the heroine, Pushkin ironically says: "There was a kind fellow, belated in the last century," and the mother shows all the worries about the household. The life of the family proceeded peacefully and calmly. Often, neighbors came to the Larins to "worry, and slander, and laugh about something." Tatyana was brought up in such an atmosphere. She "believed in the legends of the common folk antiquity, and dreams, and card fortune-telling", she was "disturbed by signs",

scary stories

In winter in the dark nights

Captivated more heart to her

Tatyana is a simple provincial girl, she is not beautiful, but her thoughtfulness and daydreaming distinguish her from other people (“she loved to warn the sunrise on the balcony”), in whose company she feels lonely, since they are not able to understand her.

Dika, sad, silent,

Like a forest doe is timid,

She is in her family

Seemed like a stranger girl.

She did not caress her parents, played little with children, did not do needlework, was not interested in fashion:

I'm into dolls even in these years

Tatyana did not take it in her hands;

About the news of the city, about fashion

Didn't have a conversation with her.

The only entertainment that brought pleasure to this girl was reading books:

She ruled novels early;

They replaced everything for her;

She fell in love with deceit

And Richardson and Rousseau.

Tatyana lives by the pages of the books she has read, imagines herself in the place of their heroines. And this romance of book stories is the reason for the creation of the ideal of her chosen one.

What, according to Pushkin, is beautiful in this heroine? First of all, this is the height of her morality, her spiritual simplicity combined with the depth of her inner world, naturalness, the absence of any falsehood in her behavior. The author emphasizes that this girl is devoid of coquetry and pretense - qualities that he did not like in women. Before us is a personality, an image no less significant than Onegin.

She is naturally endowed with "a rebellious imagination, a living mind and will, and a wayward head, and a fiery and tender heart." Tatyana subtly feels the beauty of nature:

Tatyana, (Russian soul,

I don't know why.)

With her cold beauty

I loved Russian winter...

V. G. Belinsky said: “Tatyana’s whole inner world consisted in a thirst for love.” And he was right in his statement:

For a long time her imagination

Burning with grief and longing,

Alkalo fatal food;

Long hearted languor

It pressed her young breast;

The soul was waiting ... for someone

And waited...

Eyes opened

She said it's him!

And it is clear why Pushkin's heroine falls in love with Onegin. She is one of those "girls" for whom love can be either a great happiness or a great misfortune. In Onegin, the girl with her heart, and not her mind, immediately felt a kindred spirit. In a fit of her heart, she decides to write a letter of revelation to her lover, a declaration of love:

I am writing to you - what more?

What else can I say?

Now, l know, in your will

Punish me with contempt.

But Onegin could not appreciate the depth of feelings of Tatiana's passionate nature. This brings the girl into mental confusion, and even after visiting Onegin’s village house and reading his favorite books, where “Onegin’s soul involuntarily expressed itself,” when she realized who fate sent her, she continues to love this man. In the first chapters, the reader is presented with the image of a naive girl, sincere in her pursuit of happiness. But two years have passed. Tatyana is a princess, the wife of a respected general. Has she changed?

Yes and no. Of course, she "entered her role", but she did not lose the main thing - simplicity, naturalness, human dignity: She was unhurried, Not cold, not talkative, Without an insolent look for everyone, Without claims to success, Without these little antics, Without imitative undertakings ... Everything was quiet, it was just in her ... This line is very important - "without imitative undertakings." Tatyana has no need to imitate anyone, she is a person in herself, and this is the strength of her charm, which is why "the general who entered with her raised his nose and shoulders." He was rightfully proud of his wife. Tatyana is indifferent to secular life. She sees the falseness that reigns in the highest Petersburg society. Just as Onegin disliked his "hateful freedom", so Tatyana is burdened by the tinsel of "hateful life".

Perhaps the most important thing in Tatyana's character and behavior is a sense of duty, responsibility to people. These feelings take precedence over love. She cannot be happy bringing misfortune to another person, her husband, who is “mutilated in battles”, is proud of her, trusts her. She will never make a deal with her conscience.

Tatyana remains true to her duty and when meeting with Onegin she says:

I love you (why lie?),

But I am given to another;

I will be faithful to him forever.

The fate of Tatyana is tragic. Life brought her many disappointments, she did not find in life what she was striving for, but she did not betray herself. This is a very solid, strong, strong-willed female character. Tatyana is the ideal of a woman for the poet, and he does not hide it: “Forgive me: I love my dear Tatyana so much ...” In the last stanza of the novel we read the lines: “And the one with whom Tatyana’s dear ideal is formed ... Oh, a lot, rock took a lot. A. S. Pushkin admires his heroine.

From whom is Tatyana's dear ideal written? There are still disputes about this. Some literary scholars claim that this is Maria Raevskaya, who married Volkonsky and shared his fate in Siberia. Others claim that this is the wife of the Decembrist Fonvizin. Only one thing is clear: the image of Tatyana Larina is among the most striking female images of Russian literature.

The reader has to deal with a huge number of characters while studying the novel "War and Peace". Here it is easy to determine the attitude of the author towards the characters, the creation of images of which he was engaged in. All Tolstoy's characters are characterized by differences between them. At the same time, the author has a different attitude to each of them. Although the classic sympathizes most of all not with the beautiful Helen, and not with the meek Sonya, and even the good-natured Pierre is not his favorite.

heroine is close to Tolstoy. She became the embodiment of many qualities, character traits inherent in Lev Nikolayevich. Although the great writer endowed the girl, probably without even realizing it, with his characteristic traits, and embodied in her image the best, in his opinion, human qualities.

Natasha Rostova appears before the reader when she is still a child - a direct, full of vital energy, a girl who subtly feels beauty and truth. The author initially focuses our attention on the fact that Natasha is not a beauty. On the contrary, her figure and facial features are irregular. Although the author has no desire to describe in detail the appearance of the heroine. He wants to reveal the spiritual world of Natasha. Tolstoy believes that the most important thing is to convey the spiritual connection of his heroine with the people. We are given the opportunity to observe Rostova's organic connection with the people's life, her desire to sacrifice everything for the good of her own people, when Natasha helps the wounded soldiers.

She uses her energy to help. Tolstoy admires the heroine, admires her in moments of closeness with nature. The attitude to nature is considered a vivid manifestation of Natasha's spiritual beauty. However, the author admires not only noble deeds. He tends to understand the girl in the moments of her mistakes. Natasha decides to escape with Anatole Kuragin not out of malice, but because of inexperience and gullibility. After realizing her mistake, the heroine remains devoted to him until the end of Bolkonsky's life.

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The image of Tatyana in "Eugene Onegin". The attitude of the author to the heroine

Tatyana Larina can be called with full confidence Pushkin's favorite heroine in the novel. The author did not express a single ironic or sarcastic thought in her address, it is clear that Pushkin created her image with great love, tenderness, sympathy and understanding.

Tatyana's character is an ideal combination of national and European cultures. She was brought up as an ordinary young lady of that time, read the same books, admired the same heroes:

She liked novels early on;

They replaced everything for her;

She fell in love with deceptions

And Richardson and Rousseau.

Tatyana reads French novels, but she is more interested in nurse's tales; she falls asleep with a book under her pillow, but she has a dream filled with images from Russian folklore. When studying the development of the character of the heroine, it is very important to understand that she grew up among the provincial nobility, and the life of such people is simple, natural and close to the national soil. Pushkin depicts this life with more tenderness and sympathy than the life of the capital's nobles; he believes that St. Petersburg is an idle and artificial city, while the province keeps traditions and is close to the people. The character of Tatyana, the “Russian soul”, could only be formed in the atmosphere of a hinterland remote from the capital, surrounded by the most picturesque Russian landscapes:

Tatyana (Russian soul,

I don't know why.)

With her cold beauty, she loved the Russian winter,

In the sun it's blue on a frosty day,

And the sleigh, and the late dawn Shine of pink snows,

And the darkness of Epiphany evenings.

In the old days they triumphed in their house these evenings<…>.

Pushkin depicts Tatyana precisely as a type of Russian woman: she is an amazingly whole person, although she herself could not understand and explain this. Tatyana is brave, Pushkin writes with great respect about her decision to write to Onegin about her feelings, and after the hero denies her love, the author unconditionally sympathizes with her. More and more often, Pushkin calls Tatyana simply Tanya, she remains Tanya for him even in the eighth chapter, when the reader sees her in the form of a brilliant society lady at the ball. Her simplicity remains in her even after she became the owner of the salon:

She was slow

Not cold, not talkative

Without an arrogant look for everyone,

No claim to success

Without these little antics

No imitations.

And you would rightly agree

That Nina could not outshine her neighbor with her marble beauty,

Even though it was stunning.

But Onegin does not see the former Tatyana in that brilliant lady whom he met at a social event in St. Petersburg. Here, once again, the difference in views between the author and the hero is emphasized. The author sees that the light did not kill the integrity of Tatyana in Tatyana, she remained just as sweet and unspoiled, and for Onegin she is already a completely different woman. The hero writes three letters to Tatyana with repentance and confessions of the most tender feelings, but she rejects his love with true Russian sacrifice: she cannot build her happiness on the misfortune of another person. Pushkin was very close to this idea of ​​fidelity as the quintessence of sacrifice and love:

All were equal.

I got married. You must,

I ask you to leave me;

I know: in your heart there is Both pride and direct honor.

I love you (why lie?),

But I am given to another;

I will be faithful to him forever.

Periodically, the points of view of the author and Tatyana merge in the novel. For example, in the seventh chapter, the reader sees Moscow both through the eyes of Tatyana and the eyes of the author: a mixture of styles, estates, diversity and diversity, but at the same time, ancient history - this entire Moscow kaleidoscope appears to the reader exactly as Pushkin himself saw it:

Flickering past the booth, women,

Boys, benches, lanterns,

Palaces, gardens, monasteries,

Bukharians, sleighs, vegetable gardens,

Merchants, shacks, men,

Boulevards, towers, Cossacks,

Pharmacies, fashion stores,

Balconies, lions on the gates And flocks of jackdaws on crosses.

The Moscow high society is described ironically, in many ways reminiscent of Griboedov's vision of the secular society of the ancient capital, but if Griboyedov's views coincided with Chatsky's, then Pushkin's point of view is shared not by Onegin (he likes the capital's beau monde), but by Tatyana:

Tatyana wants to listen attentively In conversations, in a general conversation;

But everyone in the drawing room is occupied with such incoherent, vulgar nonsense;

Everything in them is so pale, indifferent;

They slander even boringly.

What is beauty

And why do people deify her?

She is a vessel in which there is emptiness,

Or fire flickering in a vessel?

And happiness whispers to us:

I'm not for external beauty,

I'm for spiritual purity ... "

N. Zabolotsky

Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" is the most grandiose work of world literature, telling about significant events in the history of the country, about important aspects of people's life, about the views, ideals and customs of various strata of society. It resurrects a whole historical century, reflecting the destinies of people and the destinies of peoples. The heroes of the novel are in the cycle of great events, where the true value of each is determined by the degree of his participation, personal responsibility for everything that happens. Life appears before us in all its fullness and diversity. It resembles a huge stream into which numerous streams flow. “People are like rivers,” said Tolstoy, emphasizing with this comparison the versatility and complexity of the human personality, its continuous movement. The writer was interested in the path of spiritual development of a person, the path leading to a moral ideal, the criterion of which is goodness, selflessness, spiritual clarity and simplicity. And the charming female image of Natasha Rostova corresponds closest to the author's ideal.

Natasha is Tolstoy's favorite heroine. The author reveals her character in continuous external and internal movement. Therefore, for the first time in the novel, she does not just appear, but “runs” into the hall, a spontaneous, full of vitality girl. Natasha, who grew up in the moral and pure atmosphere of the Rostov family, immediately captivates with sincerity, endless love for life, for the people around her. She lives as her heart tells her, because from birth she has what Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov have been looking for in themselves for so long - the naturalness of the soul, which is so characteristic of the unspoiled spiritual world of children. That is why so often Tolstoy compares Natasha with a child. “What was going on in this childish receptive soul, which was so greedily catching and assimilating all the most varied impressions of life?” the writer asks tenderly. Admiring his heroine, he appreciates in her simplicity, kindness and the ability to feel beauty and truth.

Natasha internally and externally is somewhat similar, and this is no coincidence, to Tatyana Larina. It has the same openness to love and happiness, the same biological, unconscious connection with Russian national traditions and principles. For Tolstoy, this spiritual connection between the heroine and the people is very important. Let us recall, for example, Natasha's dance after the hunt. She, delighted and carried away by the singing of her uncle, who “sang like the people sing”, does not notice how she starts dancing. And in those moments she understands everything that "was in Anisya, and in Anisya's father, and in her aunt, and in her mother, and in every Russian person." It is surprising, “where, how, when she sucked in herself from that Russian air that she breathed, this Countess, brought up by a French emigrant, this spirit ... But the spirit and methods were the same, inimitable, Russian, which her uncle expected from her” . And what excitement seizes Natasha during the reading of the Manifesto! In these moments, her soul is overwhelmed with a feeling of great love for the motherland, for her sake she is ready for any sacrifice. An organic connection with the life of the people, the desire to give everything for the good of her people is also expressed in Natasha's attitude towards the wounded soldiers. She throws all her strength into somehow helping them. The author admires his heroine at such moments.

The spiritual beauty of Natasha is also manifested in relation to her native nature. We hear sincere enthusiasm in her voice at night in Otradnoye. “Oh, what a delight! After all, such a lovely night has never, never happened ... So she would squat down, like this, grab herself under her knees - tighter, as tight as possible - and fly. Like this!" - the girl exclaims. Harmonious connection with nature gives Natasha a feeling of happiness. But she knows how not only to be happy herself, but also makes others happy, being for them something like a guardian angel. Many episodes of the novel tell how Natasha inspires people, without noticing it herself, makes them better, kinder.

Tolstoy contrasts the lively, energetic, always unexpected Natasha with the cold Helen, a secular woman who lives according to established rules, never commits rash acts. Helen, unlike Natasha, would never allow herself, in front of Marya Dmitrievna, whom everyone is afraid of, to ask across the table what cake would be for dinner tonight. novel tolstoy ideal heroine

Helen is a product of a society in which Natasha appears only once. She is not spoiled by his conventions and prejudices and lives only according to the laws that her heart dictates, while maintaining cheerfulness, naturalness and spontaneity.

With age, Natasha has a desire to be in the center of attention, to arouse universal admiration. Natasha loves herself and believes that everyone should love her too; although selfishness is inherent in the heroine, this selfishness is still sincerely childish, characteristic of an unformed personality. She likes to think about herself in the third person and remarks about herself: “What a charm this Natasha is!” And everyone really admires her, loves her. Natasha determines social behavior with one impression, makes her see things in a new way.

Natasha belongs to those characters who live "with the mind of the heart." It is difficult to judge the mind of the heroine. Pierre says that Natasha "does not deign to be smart." Its purpose is different: it influences the moral life of other heroes, renewing and reviving them to life. Resolving difficult questions with each of her actions, Natasha, as it were, personifies the answer to the question that Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov have been searching for so long and painfully. The heroine herself does not have a tendency to evaluate and analyze actions and phenomena. In this sense, it has its own direct knowledge of the values ​​of life.

Many episodes of the novel tell how Natasha inspires people, makes them better, kinder, returns their love of life to them. For example, when Nikolai Rostov loses to Dolokhov in cards and returns home irritated, not feeling the joy of life, he hears Natasha's singing and with this soothing voice forgets his failure. At the same moment, Nikolai feels that life itself is beautiful and that everything else is trifles that are not worth attention. At the moment, the hero thinks: “All this: misfortunes, and money, and Dolokhov, and anger, and honor - all is nonsense, but here she is real.”

The heroine of Tolstoy is characterized by compassion. Natasha understands very well and regrets Denisov, who proposed to her. When Sonya was crying, Natasha, not knowing the reason for her tears, “spreading her big mouth and becoming completely ugly, she roared like a child ... and only because Sonya was crying.” Tolstoy endows his heroine with rare spiritual qualities: sensitivity and intuition.

The author does not consider his heroine smart, prudent, adapted to life. But her simplicity, spirituality of the heart defeat the mind, learning and good manners. Despite her appearance, clearly ugly in childhood and adolescence, Natasha attracts even unfamiliar people. Unlike the “brilliant beauty” Helen, she does not strike with her external beauty, and, nevertheless, she is truly beautiful, because her soul, her inner world is beautiful. How expressive are her eyes, full of living human feelings: suffering, joy, love, hope. They are both “radiant”, and “curious”, and “begging”, and “scared”, and “attentive”. What wealth of the spiritual world is expressed in these eyes! The heroine is always charming, and in moments of happiness she is simply full of energy that fascinates and attracts. With this, Natasha fascinates Andrei Bolkonsky, acquaintance with whom becomes a new starting point in her life. A real, great feeling is born in it - love. The need and ability to love have always lived in Natasha. Her whole essence is love. But the love for her father and mother, for Nikolai and Sonya, even her “childish” love for Boris, differs from the new and deep feeling that flares up in her, making her even more beautiful.

But Tolstoy not only admires the noble deeds, appearance and inner world of his heroine, but also understands her in those moments of her life when she makes mistakes, takes the wrong steps. After all, this is inevitable at this age, during the formation of character, the formation of personality. Natasha does not at all out of malice decide to run away with the idle talker, reveler Anatole Kuragin. She does this out of her inexperience, gullibility. Although even then he does not cease to love and respect Prince Andrei. Then, realizing her mistake, Natasha remains faithful to Bolkonsky until the end of his life.

Having gone through all the trials of life, Tolstoy's heroine does not lose all her best qualities: kindness, tenderness, responsiveness, selflessness. She becomes stronger and more courageous. It has wisdom in it. And, finally, Natasha finds the meaning of life. All of herself, all her soul, to the most hidden corner, she gives to Pierre. Family is mutual and voluntary slavery when you love and are loved. In the family, she finds the long-awaited peace and happiness.