Serious names for VK. The most beautiful foreign surnames


Every girl wants to be beautiful not only in appearance. She always takes care of herself, buys only the best to stay young and healthy appearance. However, what if your last name doesn't match your expectations? What if she ruins your whole image? Are you familiar with this situation? Definitely. But sometimes they come up with such surnames offensive nicknames, what can’t be said if the surname sounds beautiful, noble and royal! It’s not for nothing that many celebrities change their first and last names - after all, who would take seriously a screen star with a funny and ridiculous last name. In this article we will look at the most popular, extraordinary, attractive and beautiful female surnames for every taste. Let's talk about their meaning, because your last name is yours business card, on which the first impression is made. It is very important that she complements you, makes you more intelligent and desirable.

Russian surnames are very popular among the fair sex, which is not surprising. In most cases, they are talking, so they allow you to learn a lot about its owner. For example, your surname may correspond to your type of activity, or be associated with your father’s name or the names of other relatives. They show all the key qualities, abilities and characteristics of a person. There are many such surnames for every taste. Here are just a few of them:

  • Maslova;
  • Belova;
  • Travnikova;
  • Ivanova;
  • Koltsova;
  • Morozova;
  • Abramova;
  • Vlasova;
  • Dobrovolskaya;
  • Larina;
  • Soboleva;
  • Nikolaev;
  • Chernyshova;
  • Zaitseva;
  • Tchaikovskaya.

The list could be longer. Usually there are even special reference dictionaries with similar information. They can be found on almost any thematic site.

By the way, the more beautiful and more unusual surname, the more interesting it is that you can develop your own personal signature for it!

Sounding surnames

They give you more grace, femininity, and make you more beautiful. This will help you both in your career and in your personal life. However, it is important to choose one that will fully match your name and patronymic, because the correctness and harmony of the sound depends on this. Here are just a few of them:

  • Kovalchuk;
  • Belokrylova;
  • Golubeva;
  • Solovyova;
  • Suvorov;
  • Snezhnaya;
  • Dubrovskaya;
  • Mechnikov;
  • Solntseva;
  • Shevchenko;
  • Mikhailova;
  • Lyubimova;
  • Sakharov;
  • Astakhova.

This is far from full list the most beautiful surnames, and the more unusual they are, the faster they will remember you.

Fashionable surnames

Such surnames will indicate your coolness, sense of taste and style, and will also give you self-confidence. It will make you feel on trend and become a more modern and cool woman. Here are just a few of them:

  • Krylova;
  • Medvedev;
  • Bogatyreva;
  • Sable;
  • Tsareva;
  • Lazarev;
  • Prophetic;
  • Gull;
  • Luchnaya;
  • Kruglova;
  • Iron;
  • Rumyantseva.

They indicate the strength of your spirit and character. With such a surname, you will definitely be able to stand out from the crowd and show how cool you are.

Foreign surnames

This is a great way to emphasize your individuality and elevate you above the gray mass of ordinary people. They sound unusual and give your image a special piquancy and mystery. They are usually used on social networks to hide your real identity and pretend to be a beautiful foreign stranger. It is very important to pay attention to the meaning of a surname from another country. After all, they are endowed with sacred and spiritual meaning, so they can significantly influence your life and destiny. Here we will look at just a few popular surnames from famous countries.

American surnames They will make you modern, open, and emphasize your activity and individuality. Here's just a small list:

  • Clark - associated with the writing profession;
  • Taylor is a sewing man;
  • Smith is a craftsman who specializes in blacksmithing;
  • Brown – brown color;
  • Harris is a modern, good-natured person;
  • Walker is someone who always moves forward and never stops;
  • Lewis is a fast and restless person.

English surnames emphasize your elegance, aristocracy and indicate noble origin:

  • Austin is a great man;
  • Carroll is someone dear to your heart;
  • Dean is a calm and balanced person;
  • Gilbert is a brave man who can move mountains;
  • Li – blossoming plum;
  • Cowell is the one who works with coal.

German surnames will indicate your stability and courage. Such people follow order, are organized and calm:

  • Becker is someone who bakes;
  • Fisher is a fisherman, a person who trades in fish and seafood products;
  • Sommer - born in summer;
  • Stark is a strong and powerful personality;
  • Lang – long;
  • Schneider is the one who does roofing and sewing;
  • Krieger is a fearless person;
  • Lehmann is a character as solid as a rock.

French surnames– sophisticated, have a special charm and charisma:

  • Aubin is a wonderful and desirable person;
  • Francois is the one who loves unbridled freedom;
  • Fournier - baker;
  • Senier is a person you can rely on;
  • Sorel is someone who likes to command and keep everything under his control;
  • Rousset - indicates Russian origin.

Japanese surnames captivate with their unusualness in our country. You definitely won't find that here. They will point out your uniqueness, beauty, integrity. They have sacred meaning and bring good luck to their bearers:

  • Yasuda is a calm and balanced person who is resistant to difficulties;
  • Saito is a pure, untainted soul;
  • Takayama is a large, persistent and strong mountain;
  • Shimada is a remote island;
  • Ikeda – rice field;
  • Araki is a man with a tough and wild disposition;
  • Sano is someone who will always come to the aid of others.

Korean surnames They attract with their unusualness and a certain mysterious charm. With it you can show your femininity, beauty and innocence:

  • Tea is a pure and immaculate pearl;
  • Kim – made of gold;
  • Hong is a beautiful blooming rose;
  • Monkut - the one who wears the crown;
  • Dream - starry sky, fresh morning;
  • Khan is the one who commands everyone;
  • An – a rich inner world.

Characteristic feature Ukrainian surnames is their cheerfulness and ease. They will point out the girl’s unusual and simple character:

  • Lukina – the one who brings light;
  • Lviv – strong in spirit, like a lion;
  • Samina is the one who is appreciated and loved;
  • Aksenova is a person who is growing all the time;
  • Rusina - indicates Russian origin.

What surnames are best to use on social networks?

Many women, wanting to hide their identity on social networks, change their last names. This is a completely natural phenomenon. She can highlight your highs moral qualities or some physical advantages. It all depends on what you want to draw the attention of other users. The following options are very often used:

  • Great;
  • Rosenthal;
  • Oster;
  • Gray;
  • Miller;
  • Peerless;
  • Cool;
  • Barskikh;
  • Ramenskaya.

The list could be much longer, as the choice is simply huge. Choosing for yourself new surname, try to pay attention to its meaning, hidden meaning. It is better to use the one that can most reveal your character and give you some zest. It is important that it is combined with the type of your activity, emphasizes your origin and, of course, has a beneficial effect on your entire life.

Beautiful surnames are a fairly wide range of names in the Russian language. However, there are no clear criteria for beauty here, since different people will like it different surnames. No matter how many people are interviewed on this issue, the list of names will be constantly different. So we can only identify several groups of surnames that sound good and whose meaningful meaning is high and solemn.

royal surname Romanov: the surname goes back to the male canonical name Roman, which is translated from Latin as Roman; Rome is a classic example of everything that is highest and correct, so the surname is quite worthy of naming crowned persons;

Shuisky: such a surname could be given to a native of the city of Shuya, which is located in the Ivanovo region; however, villages with this name were scattered throughout Rus', so the Shuiskys could have come from them; ancient Russian word oshuya meant left, but the name could also be formed from the Finnish word suja - melted, flood;

Obolensky: the princes received this surname from their princely family estate in Kaluga region, the city of Obolensk (the Russian word envelop meant to protect, cover);

Vyazemsky: the surname is derived from the name of the family town of Vyazma (the river was called viscous if there was a lot of silt in it);

Lermontov: the surname comes from the Scottish name Lermont, the origin of which is still controversial:
1. Old Norse word leir – clay soil + French mont – high mountain;
2. Old English words lear – sea and mouth – mouth;
3. one of the variants of the Scottish name Lamont - legislator;

Pechorin: the basis of the surname is geographical name, Pechora River, so most likely these are people from the banks of this river (pechora is a forest dweller);

Favorsky: a seminarian surname, which was given to the future priest for euphony (favor from Latin - favor);

Kostomarov: Kostomarov in Rus' were large-boned, strongly built, strong people;

Onegin: the surname originates from the name of the Onega River, so people with that surname inhabited its banks (the word Onega translated from Finnish means waterfall, rapid stream);

Polonsky: the surname meant that the people of this family came from Poland;

Bolkonsky: the surname appears in the lists of the times of Ivan the Terrible among the most eminent Moscow boyars, but the origin of the surname still remains a mystery to linguists.

Animals and bird names.

Agree that in the fauna world there are sonorous names, from which very beautiful surnames are derived. Such surnames were often given to those who resembled a bird or animal in character or appearance:

Orlov, Orlik, Orel: such surnames could be given to a person with a big nose;

Lvov, Lev: such surnames were probably given strong people who had weight and respect in society;

Zaychik, Zainkin, Zaychikov: the affectionate initial form speaks of good attitude to those people who were given such cute surnames; agree that it sounds completely different from Zaitsev;

Lebedev, Lebed, Lebedyansky, Lebedushkin: people with such surnames were most likely distinguished by their loyalty in character or graceful, slender figure;

Korolek, Korolkov: the king has always aroused the love of the people, therefore such a surname could only be given to those who gained fame and respect among people;

Kotenochkin, Koshechkin, Kotik: such nicknames could be given to affectionate, gentle people.

Surnames from plants.

Floristry is also full of the most beautiful names. And a flower cannot be called a dull, abrupt word. Accordingly, surnames based on plant names are very beautiful:

Kolokolchikov: such a nickname could be given to a person with a ringing voice;

Rozov, Rozanov, Rozochkin: such surnames were given for euphony to seminarians - future priests;

Vinogradov: grapes were highly valued in Rus', so such a surname was not given to everyone, but only to the most distinguished; according to some versions, this is a seminarian surname;

Sokolov, Sokolik, Sokolnichiy: such a surname could be given to people who not only looked somewhat like this noble bird, but also to those who were engaged in falconry and raised specially trained birds for this;

Berezkin: a person with such a surname could be engaged in processing birch bark, for example;

Poplar, Poplar: this could be the name for a tall and slender person;

Aspen: Aspen has always been considered a cowardly tree - perhaps the name given to a fearful and modest person.

Military surnames.

Military people are always about discipline, smartness, precision and accuracy - military ranks They sound beautiful and solemn, like at a parade. Surnames derived from such ranks are conventionally called military, and they definitely fall into the category of beautiful and euphonious: Majors; Admirals; Dragunsky; Hussar; Colonels; even Soldatov sounds very beautiful and dignified.

Personal names.

This group of surnames in Rus' has always been the most common. In addition, diminutive forms could be formed from given names, which often served as the basis for creating surnames that sounded affectionate and gentle.

Adam: the surname is an exact copy of the male name, which is translated from Hebrew as man;

Aksyutochkin: from the diminutive form of the female name Ksenia (Greek word meaning hospitable);

Andreychik: diminutive form of the male name Andrey (translated from Greek - courageous);

Mashechkin: diminutive form of the female name Maria ( Jewish name, meaning bitter);

We love, Lyubimov, Beloved: go back to a non-calendar, but widespread in Rus' male name We love, which is more eloquent than any explanation.

Other sonorous surnames.

Sometimes surnames arose by chance, spontaneously. Some did not receive the suffix formation typical for surnames and remained tracings common nouns. Now, when we hear them, we have associations with the subject that formed the basis of such a surname, a stereotype of consciousness is triggered, and we begin to like the surname:

Zhemchuzhina, Zhemchuzhnikov, Zhemchugov: that could be called handsome man or the one who in those days traded in such rare goods;

Blagoy: a surname could be given to a kind and sympathetic person;

Bely, Belenky: the surnames sound completely different from Belov; that could be the nickname for a blond man;

Darling, Kind, Krasavin: the names are quite descriptive and sound very beautiful.

Beautiful surnames give their owners a certain weight in society when they first meet, because in Rus' people have long been greeted by their clothes. So we wish everyone who has a sonorous and attractive surname, justify it with your worthy behavior.

established in late XVIII V. The American nation is very heterogeneous and currently unites not only the descendants of immigrants from all parts of the world, but also indigenous people- Indians. Therefore, it is not surprising that in the surnames and names of US residents one can trace various national roots: European, African, South American, Asian. These features often make American surnames and the names are so interesting and exotic.

How are they formed?

The basis for many modern surnames became nicknames, including Indian ones. Also, quite often, surnames were formed from the names of professions (Smith, Miller, Taylor), geographical places (England, Lancaster) and objects (Bush, Rock, Moore), father's name (Johnson, Stevenson) and just names (Stewart, Williams, Henry) , as well as animals, flowers and various objects (Fish, White, Rose, Young).

At the beginning of the 20th century, there was a tendency to change difficult-to-pronounce national surnames: shortening, translation, transformation in order to make them similar to English-speaking ones. But in recent decades, a reverse process has been observed: the desire for one’s own national and cultural identity, which is manifested in the refusal to Americanize first and last names. This is especially true for people from African countries, Spain and Latin America. Modern American surnames and given names increasingly emphasize a person's origins.

Inventing pseudonyms is also a very common phenomenon. Most often they are taken creative personalities: musicians, actors, artists.

American names, male and female, are often abbreviated in everyday communication. Examples: Adam - Ed; Gilbert - Gil; Michael - Mike; Robert - Rob, Bob, Bobby, Robbie; Richard - Dick, Richie; Arnold - Arnie; Eleanor - Ellie, Nora; Elizabeth - Lizzie, Liz, Elsa, Betty, Beth; Katherine - Katie, Kat. Young guys (and even mature men) are often addressed by their initials. For example, a man named T.J. Most people you know will probably call Morris TJ.

As in English language, American male and female surnames sound exactly the same. In official communication, it is customary to address men by last name with the prefixes “Mister” or “Sir”, and “Miss” or “Mrs.” for women.

Female names

The top ten most beloved girl names by American parents include Isabella, Sofia, Emma, ​​Olivia, Ava, Emily, Abigail, Madison, Chloe, Mia.

Are formed female names often from the names of beautiful plants or precious stones. Examples: Rose, Daisy, Olive, Evie (Ivy), Lilly, Violet, Ruby, Beryl, Jade, etc.

Male names

According to statistics, American parents most often name boys Jacob, Ethan, Michael, Jayden, William, Alexander, Noah, Daniel, Aiden, Anthony.

There is a strong tradition of naming after a father or grandfather. In this case, the word “junior” (junior) or a serial name is added to the name: second, third, etc. For example: Anthony White Junior, Christian Bell Second.

American male names are often consonant with surnames (White, Johnson, Davis, Alexander, Carter, Neal, Lewis, etc.). And all because once upon a time both of them were formed from nicknames.

The most popular American surnames

More than two million people in the United States bear the surnames Smith and Johnson. With slightly more modest results (over a million people) follow the holders of the surnames Williams, Jones, Brown, Davis and Miller. Wilson, Moore and Taylor round out the top ten.

The most beautiful American surnames and names

Of course, there is no arguing about tastes, but you can still highlight a list of the most euphonious and even poetic names. Some of them were specially formed from suitable English words: Summer - “summer”, Joy - “joy”, May - “May”, Love - “love”, Hart - “heart”, etc.

  • Alisha.
  • Bonnie.
  • Vanessa.
  • Gladys.
  • Jade.
  • Imogen.
  • Cassandra.
  • Lillian.
  • Miriam.
  • Nancy.
  • Olivia.
  • Pamela.
  • Sabrina.
  • Tess.
  • Heidi.
  • Angie.
  • Alex.
  • Brandon.
  • Darren.
  • Kyle.
  • Mitchell.
  • Nicholas.
  • Peter.
  • Ronald.
  • Stephen.
  • Walter.
  • Fraser.
  • Hunter.
  • Charlie.
  • Sheldon.
  • Adrian.

There are not only beautiful American names, but also surnames.

For example:

  • Beverly.
  • Washington.
  • Green.
  • Crawford.
  • Aldridge.
  • Robinson.
  • Stone.
  • Florence.
  • Wallace.
  • Harris.
  • Evans.

In general, first and last names in the USA can be found various origins: Smith, Will - English; Miller, Brunner, Martha - German; Gonzales, Federico, Dolores - Spanish; Magnus, Sven - Swedish; Peterson, Jensen - Danish; Patrick, Donovan, O'Brien, McGill - Irish; Mario, Ruth - Portuguese; Isabella, Antonio, de Vito - Italian; Paul, Vivienne - French; Lee is Chinese, etc. Combinations are not uncommon when the name is purely American, but the surname has a national flavor. Or vice versa. For example: Martha Roberts, Brandon Lee, etc.

The more you study American surnames and names, the more interesting discoveries can be done. In addition, the American nation is still forming, so it is possible that soon new unusual and beautiful names of varied origin.

A surname is a way to identify any person. It reveals information about nationality, and some can indicate the occupation of their ancestors.

Here you can exchange personal information, contacts, and share your own views on life. You can post photos and video materials in your personal profile.

Important! During registration, the program asks you to indicate your last name.

The user needs to provide data, but it does not need to be confirmed or undergo a complex verification procedure. This is why it is allowed to put fake surnames and names for VK.

The reasons for the action are hidden in the following:

  1. There is no desire to disclose your personal data. Sometimes people create fake pages to remain incognito.

    Friends and family will not be able to find the person via search.

  2. Creating a special image. If the surname is beautiful, it helps create an original image among subscribers and friends. Interest in this page is constantly increasing.
  3. Confidentiality and complete anonymity. Some companies government agencies begin to monitor their employees, take an interest in them life position and friends.

    Photos from a party or noisy gatherings with friends can cause you to lose your job.

  4. Protection from intruders and scammers. Many people imagine persecution and danger everywhere.

    They protect their own information so that scammers don't get it for financial profit and own benefit.

Note! According to statistics, it is teenagers who use fake names. They increase their own self-esteem and attract interest from subscribers.

Below is a list of interesting and original surnames:

  1. Girls who like to stand out general list friends. They can choose options such as Malinovskaya, Tsareva, Naughty, Solnechnaya, Star, Fairy Tale, Ogonyok, Rainbow or Yuzhnaya.
  2. Last name can be used famous people. These are Tsvetaeva, Mayakovskaya, Pushkina, Boyarskaya.
  3. The surname is perfect for the social network VKontakte literary characters. This is Larina, Bolkonskaya, Karenina or Dubrovskaya.

You need to select options that are consonant with the name and read correctly. In this case, subscribers and friends will definitely pay attention to your subscribers.

Top Russian cool surnames and names

Girls will be able to choose a last name for their account from the following list:

Meaning List of the most unusual and popular options
Education from proper names. The data must be harmoniously combined with the name. If the design sounds overloaded, you should abandon the idea Romanova, Grigorievna, Pavlova, Semenova or Vasilyeva
Beautiful and noble options that have more roots in Orthodox traditions Voskresenskaya, Preobrazhenskaya or Rozhdestvenskaya
Last name with meaning. There are no restrictions here your own fantasy and write different cool options Moscow, Rodina, Slavic
Surnames that are borrowed from the names of beautiful animals and birds Orlova, Solovyova, Sokolova, Lebedeva and others
Surname of the count dynasty Vorontsova, Obolenskaya, Heyden
Neutral with good pronunciation Vlasova, Svetlova, Batalina, Krasnova, Lavrova

What surname can you give a girl in English?

Girls often put an English surname with their Russian name. It is important to use common sense when choosing. It should be harmoniously combined with the patronymic and first name.

Personal information for a girl in English is perfect for people of European appearance and origin. You can put different variants in English.

Thanks to this solution, you can attract great amount subscribers and friends.

They will immediately pay attention to the bold step. The most beautiful and original: Elison, Barlova, Hall, Bentley, Beverly, Black, Jane, Lavlai.

You don’t have to limit your own imagination and come up with your own options.

The most unusual names for a fake

Many people who use Everyday life social media, they know what a fake page is.

Users maintain their anonymity and introduce a certain mystery. At the beginning of the Internet, everything was anonymous and encrypted.

People used fictitious nicknames, names, nicknames, pseudonyms. Instead of their own photographs they often posted best pictures animals, as well as natural landscapes.

Today the situation has changed, and people openly publish their personal information and share photos.

You can convey your mood or experience to your subscribers using interesting statuses. But there are still people who create fake pages. A fictitious first and last name is placed here.

Note! There are several interesting options for girls: Lisa Forget-Me-Not, Olga Odintsova, Nastya Kraeva, Veronika Otradnaya, Alexa Leonova and many others.

When choosing a fake first and last name, you can choose any options. Such pages appear on various reasons. Some people do not want to share their own information, facts about themselves.

They wish to remain anonymous. Another reason for creating a fake page is to copy the profile of a famous and famous person.

Thanks to this, you can make many new acquaintances, gain communication and popularity on the Internet.

Teenagers often choose original and cute options that will help them rise to the TOP of the ranking.

Useful video

From time to time it is useful to update something, including your last name. A is a good addition to their appearance, which all men pay special attention to. Representatives of the fair half of humanity have an easier time in such matters than men - if you don’t like her last name or it’s dissonant, then the girl can change it when she gets married. But it also happens that a girl with an ugly surname marries a guy with an even more discordant surname. And this is a real paradox. After all, it is impossible to purposefully choose a husband with a beautiful male surname. After all, then you live with a person, and not with his euphonious surname... However, you should not be sad about this, you can always rewrite your surname to another one by going to the registry office (passport office) and insisting on this.

Let's take a look at beautiful Russian surnames for girls list

In the Russian language, probably like no other, there is a huge selection of euphonious female surnames. For maximum harmony, it is desirable that the girl’s beautiful Russian surname harmonizes well with her name and patronymic.

Women's surnames with a military-historical connotation sound very good - Kutuzova, Suvorova, Nevskaya, Brusilova, Zhukova.

Beautiful surnames for girls formed by adjectives - Beautiful, Queen, Magic, Happy

Surnames formed from male names are well suited for girls - Ivanova, Vladimirskaya, Maksimova, Pavlovskaya.

And from the names of beautiful birds - Zhuravlev, Lebedev, Solovyov, Sokolov, Snegirev.

Literary and poetic surnames - Goncharova, Akhmatova, Yesenin, Nekrasov, Pushkin

A truly ancient Russian beautiful surname is Bereza.

Beautiful foreign surnames for girls: list

However, you can also look for a new surname in a foreign language. This can also be unique in its own way.

Surnames from the film world carry elitism and flair - Lauren, Monroe, Audrey, Cruise, O'Hara, Jolly, Diaz.

Ukrainians and Poles also have excellent examples of beautiful surnames for girls - Kamenetskaya, Podolskaya, Khmelnitskaya, Vilyanskaya, Lyubminskaya, Dombrovskaya, Kovalevskaya, Lvovskaya, Warsaw.

And Bulgaria is making its contribution - Toneeva, Boteva, Vladlenova, Angelova, Stoyanova.

And here are the beautiful ones English surnames for girls (give the feeling of a true lady) - Tylor, Tills, Chisholm, Mills, Day, Stewart, Tudor.

Austrian and German listing. Such surnames are suitable for blond girls - Wald, Wichter, Ditter, Falzfein, Vetter, Liszt, Mittel.

Original variants of surnames with eccentric notes - Slanting, Fabulous, Love, Beautiful, Noble.

Inflexible surnames. They give a flair of individuality and rebellion - Forest, Bader, Cloud, Grass

Beautiful surnames for girls on VKontakte

It is very difficult psychologically to update your official surname in one motion. And with such a super selection of beautiful surnames, it’s difficult to stop at final version. To get started, do a unique experiment - change your last name on the VKontakte social network. After all, social networks give you an excellent opportunity to “try on” a new beautiful surname. Plus, you will have the opportunity to virtually experience yourself in a completely different way.

When choosing a euphonious surname for yourself, feel responsible - after all, this is a really specific action. There is every reason to say that a beautiful surname for a girl and a change in personal data is like the beginning of changes for her. life path. Always think about whether changing your last name will offend your family. After all, your surname is a sign of your family!

Editor's Choice
The Birth of a Fairy Tale: Elsa and Anna In 2013, Walt Disney Pictures released the animated fantasy film Frozen. He...

Confusion in the use of the verbs “put on” and “dress” arose due to the fact that in everyday speech they are used as...

The game about Stylish is an excellent tutorial for all little ones on makeup and hairstyles, as well as the skills of real stylists. And there's no...

Most children around the world were brought up on Walt Disney cartoons - good and instructive films where good always triumphed over evil...
Didn't find a suitable game? Help the site! Tell us about the games you are looking for! Tell your friends about the games! Tests are different...
It doesn't matter where you are going to celebrate your birthday. It doesn’t even matter if it’s your holiday or one of your loved ones. The main thing that...
It doesn't matter where you are going to celebrate your birthday. It doesn’t even matter if it’s your holiday or one of your loved ones. The main thing that...
Happy Miner's Day! Happy holiday, our brave breadwinners, our real men! Thank you for your hard and much needed work! You are real...
Used as a remedy for over 5000 years. During this time, we have learned a lot about the beneficial effects of a rarefied environment on...