Savelich from the captain's daughter. The image and characteristics of Savelich in the novel Pushkin's Captain's Daughter essay

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V. F. Odoevsky, after reading The Captain’s Daughter, wrote: “Savelich is a miracle! This face is the most tragic...” Why, in fact, when you read kiiga, Savelich becomes so sorry, because he went through all the trials and misfortunes that befell him and Grinev? There is only one answer: Savelyich is a serf, he has the consciousness of a slave, he cannot lead a full life, because he lives the life of his master.

Savelich is a forced man, humble and devoted to his master. He is intelligent, full of self-respect and a sense of duty. He has a huge responsibility - he is raising the boy, while experiencing truly paternal feelings for him. Such is the portrait of Savelich, if we consider this image superficially.

A detailed acquaintance with Savelich begins after the departure of Pyotr Grinev from home. The author constantly creates situations in which the main character commits misconduct, oversights. And only the faithful Savelyich always helps, saves, smoothes the situation. At least the case with Zurin is indicative, when Grinev gets drunk and loses a hundred rubles. Savelich, who put the master to sleep, took care of him, does not want to give the money, because he is responsible for the master's son. But Grinev makes him pay the debt, arguing that the owner is free to do what he wants, and the servant is obliged to follow his orders. Such is the morality instilled by education, both the master and the servant. Savelich more than once rescues his master, but at the same time he never hears words of gratitude. He is not surprised by this, because this has been the custom from time immemorial. It doesn't occur to him that it could be otherwise.

In some cases, Savelich is ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of the master without any hesitation. Let us recall that episode when he ran to the place of the duel with Shvabrin in order to shield his pupil with his chest. What does he get in return? Only undeserved accusations that I reported the fight to my parents! Moreover, on the other hand, on the part of Grinev Sr., the servant is accused, but only of the opposite - that he did not inform about the duel!

In this situation, Pyotr Grinev did not even think about writing to his father and protecting the devoted Savelich. The old servant himself writes a letter in which he shows humility and obedience to the will of the master. But for this he had to suppress his human dignity, pride, drown out the insult in himself, forget the insults inflicted. This causes both admiration and sharp pity for a worthy person crushed by serfdom.

Finally, Savelich literally accomplishes a feat when he throws himself at the feet of I Pugachev with a request to spare the master. He is ready to take Grinev's place on the gallows. At this moment, he thinks least of all about his life, he is only concerned about the fate of the master. The worst thing is that Grinev remains absolutely indifferent to the selfless act of his servant, and Savelich takes this indifference for granted.

When the popular revolt began, Savelich remained devoted to his masters, considering Pugachev a "villain" and a "robber". Although, it would seem, Pugachev defended the rights of Savelich, was his intercessor. But devotion to the masters had already eaten into the soul of the old serf and suppressed the natural human desire for freedom. Pugachev and Savelyich - both come from the people. But how different are their personalities! This was especially evident in the scene when Savelich gives the leader of the rebels a "registry of the lord's property."

The scene makes a strong impression. Pugachev towers over the crowd, playing the emperor. At this time, Savelich comes out and gives him a list. One detail is very interesting here: the feudal lord Savelich can write, but Pugachev cannot read the paper, he has to resort to the help of those close to him. This episode, oddly enough, does not at all humiliate Pugachev in the eyes of the reader and does not make him funny, but kindly reveals his spiritual world. Savelich is not humiliated either. On the contrary, in this episode, once again, both his devotion to the owners and high personal virtues, including courage, are revealed. He is ready to put himself in danger again in order to protect what he considers himself obliged to protect. In this case, this is the lord's property, but with exactly the same dedication, Savelich sacrificed himself for the life of the owner. The scene ends with Pugachev leaving, the whole people following him. Savelich is left alone with the register in his hands. And he just did it again. Again, no one noticed. Apparently, this is the fate of the servant - his high impulses are taken for granted. Sometimes these impulses are ridiculous, sometimes annoying for the master, but never, in a single case, have they been appreciated.

The writer sympathizes with Savelich. Revealing his drama, talking about his countless unnoticed victims, he makes us readers fall in love with the old man.

In his story, Pushkin showed not only the freedom-loving and rebelliousness of the people, but also the other side of the coin - the humility and obedience of some of its representatives, including Savelich. The old man has no self-awareness because he is dominated by tradition. Savelich lives in the interests of his master, regardless of his own, and he has no interests of his own. The way of life that has developed in the Grinevs' house seems to him the only possible one. His position is determined from the outset, so he cannot respond to an insult. This is the tragedy of the image of Savelich, and if you look more broadly, the tragedy of the entire Russian people, who for centuries have been pulling the strap of the fortress, is honest.

Savelich - a servant and teacher of Peter Grinev, was assigned to the boy as soon as he was 5 years old.

Savelyich was an ordinary serf, looked after the horse of Grinev Sr., helped him hunt with dogs, but his main quality turned out to be that he leads a sober lifestyle, which is why he was transferred to Peter as a teacher. He taught Peter to read and write and looked after him like a son, so he really didn’t like it when another teacher appeared - the Frenchman Beaupre, besides, Savelich, as a true Russian person, did not like everything foreign.

Savelyich was very diligent and honest, he believed that all the orders of the owners must be clearly followed, but this did not apply to Peter, he could argue with him and give advice. Grinev, the elder, ordered him to take care of Peter and his property, and Savelich strictly followed everything. When Pyotr lost 100 rubles to Zurin, Savelich did not want to repay the debt, and when the bandits plundered their belongings in the Belogorsk fortress, he made a list of the lost, and asked Pugachev to compensate for everything with money, without thinking that they had just been pardoned and might change their mind, seeing such audacity.

Savelich was very attached to his pupil, he was ready to die for him, if only not a single hair fell from Peter's head. Such self-sacrifice can only be in a person who loves his child very much.

In the story, Savelich is often offended, but it turns out that it is not deserved: Peter puts him in his place, reminding him that he is a servant, and his father scolds Savelich that he does not look after Peter well. Savelich just takes care of Peter and wants to do everything the best way.

Savelich was not lucky that he was born during the time of serfdom, otherwise his life would have been much happier.

One of the secondary characters of the work is Arkhip Savelyich, presented by the writer in the form of a faithful servant of the protagonist of the story, Pyotr Grinev.

Savelich, previously a stirrup and participating in military campaigns along with the elder Grinev, is distinguished by sound ambition, honesty, rationality and diligence. The old man takes care of the master's property and knows the value of money, therefore he is able to fight for every master's penny, as well as clothes and utensils, sometimes showing funny features combined with unprecedented stubbornness in everything that concerns the master's things.

For the young Mr. Savelich, he has feelings similar to those of his father, worrying about the master and, grumbling, giving him the right advice. Being a true Russian representative of the peasant class, Savelyich faithfully honors the commandments of his great-grandfathers and fathers, regularly fulfilling the will of the lord and diligently taking care of Petrush Grinev, not being offended by the insults and swear words of the owner.

The characteristic features of the old man Savelich are manifested in his actions towards his beloved master, in which Savelich is ready to sacrifice his life to save Petrusha. This happens both at the time of Grinev's duel with Shvabrin, and at a meeting with Emelyan Pugachev, when Savelich kneels before the leader with a plea to save the master from the gallows and offers to exchange Grinev for his own person. At the same time, Savelich does not receive any encouragement in the form of grateful words from Peter, who perceives the actions of the servant as his usual performance of his duties, reprimanding Savelich about his duty to obey the boyar orders. Savelich is not offended by Petrusha, since he perceives such coldness and indifference of the master as the only possible fact of attitude towards a person of his simple origin.

Revealing the image of the old Savelich in the novel, the writer describes on his example a typical representative of the simple Russian people, who is a serf, distinguished by devotion, loyalty, self-esteem and characterized by positive qualities of character, capable of self-sacrifice, love, compassion and generosity.

Option 2

Arkhip Savelich is a serf of the landowner Grinev. This is an elderly man who has no family and children. He brings up the lordly son Petrusha from the age of five and loves him like his own. Savelich taught him to read and write in Russian. At the age of twelve, the Grinevs hired a French tutor for the boy, which the uncle was very offended by. Subsequently, the foreigner was fired for unworthy behavior, and Savelich was incredibly happy about this. He believed that the French had a bad effect on the fragile mind of the child.

When Peter was sixteen years old, his father decided to send him to serve in the fortress. Savelich Grinyov was instructed to go with the young man: to help him in everything, take care of his health and protect him from all life's adversities. The uncle with all responsibility refers to the duties assigned to him. He strictly monitors the reasonableness of the expenses of the pupil and the safety of his property. Savelich cannot be called a wordless serf. With paternal care, he reprimands Peter for unreasonable drunkenness, money lost in billiards. Moreover, he stubbornly insists on not paying the debt to Major Zurin, which puts Peter in an uncomfortable position. Defending his honor, Grinev is forced to remind Savelich which of them is the boss. Later, the master does not hesitate to ask the servant for forgiveness for his unworthy behavior. This speaks of Peter's respect for Savelich and the close, trusting relationship between them. In turn, the uncle considers himself guilty for not watching the inexperienced young man.

Savelich is a brave and devoted person. He is ready in moments of danger for Peter to sacrifice his life for him. During Grinev's duel with Shvabrin, Savelyich rushes to the aid of Peter with all his might. When Pugachev executes the defenders of the fortress, the uncle rushes to his feet and offers to hang himself instead of Grinev, which saves the pupil from inevitable death. Savelyich, in his excessive zeal in front of the master, sometimes looks ridiculous. He constantly reminds Pugachev of the hare sheepskin coat given to him by Peter. When the robber gives Grinev freedom, Savelich presents him with a list of things, demanding that they be returned, which plunges him into bewilderment. Nevertheless, Pugachev fulfills part of his conditions.

Despite his servile position, Savelich has pride and self-esteem. He is offended by the words of Father Peter that he did not follow the young offspring well and is guilty of his duel. Savelich does not justify himself, but replies that he does not deserve humiliating words, since he honestly performed his duty. At the same time, he does not blame Peter for anything, but, on the contrary, defends him, believing that everyone can make a mistake.

At the end of the story, Grinev and Savelich part ways. Peter hardly manages to persuade the uncle to deliver his bride Masha Mironova to the Grinev estate, convincing him that only he can entrust the most precious thing to him.

Pushkin, in the image of a simple peasant Savelich, reflected the best qualities of a Russian person.

Savelich's composition in the story The Captain's Daughter

Previously, in every rich Russian family, a servant was assigned to the child, who taught him everything, helped and supported him in everything until the end of his life. Little Grinev was no exception, to whom Svelich was appointed as a servant.

Savelich is a rather old man who protects the young master Grinev. Grinev at one point says that Savelich protects not only himself, but also his savings and clothes. The old servant does not like everything foreign and non-Russian, he is very afraid that one of Grinev's teachers is French. These fears are confirmed by the fact that young Grinev becomes dependent on a man who is not the most noble, who loves many girls, drinks a lot and does not conscientiously fulfill his duties.

Savelyich does not look like ordinary servants of that time, because he does not grovel before his master, he is strong in character, a little proud and is not afraid to say or do something in defiance of Grinev, not because he does not respect him, but because he is much older, and therefore wiser and often knows how to do the right thing.

Savelich is a very brave man, which is especially emphasized in a situation where they want to execute Grinev. A very important scene between Grinev and Savelich takes place when a man from Zurin comes for money that was lost in cards. Grinev orders to give the money, but the old man resists in every possible way. Then Peter crosses the line of friendship and shows Savelich that he is the master in this house, he is a gentleman. Savelich became bitter from such an attitude and the words of his friend, whom he considered almost his child, for whom he showed true parental love. Giving back a hundred rubles, Savelich realizes that the last decision is always up to the master, Grinev, but with care he tries to save Peter from the tavern as soon as possible.

Savelich respects himself, as evidenced by his response to a letter from Father Pyotr Grinev, where he calls Savelich a dog and scolds him in every possible way. Savelich himself says that he is not a dog, but a devoted and faithful servant, which in his understanding are very different concepts.

I think that Savelich is a noble, intelligent and devoted servant of his beloved Peter, whom he nursed and taught everything from the age of five. If you think about it, then the real father for Grinev was not his own father, but Savelich. I’m sorry that almost no one saw this, Grinev’s father always scolded Savelich, Grinev himself did not understand the old man’s excessive concern.

Sample 4

The meaning of Savelich's life is to protect and protect Pyotr Andreevich from dangers, to defend his interests, to preserve the lord's property. The devotion of this man is absolutely boundless: he is ready to go to death for the sake of his master, protecting him from the saber of Shvabrin and the gallows of Pugachev.

Despite such selflessness, Savelich's behavior cannot be called a manifestation of moral servility. To a certain extent, he is independent, grouchy, stubborn. The old man is distinguished by a good disposition, although with his stubbornness, naivety and innocence, he sometimes gives Grinev a lot of trouble. Savelich knows the value of things and money, so he is angry with Grinev for a long time for the hare sheepskin coat he presented to the robber.

From the very beginning of the novel to its last events, Arkhip Savelich is next to his pupil. In previous years, he took part in the military campaigns of the retired prime minister, father P.A. Grinev. Knowing how brave, diligent and reasonable his comrade-in-arms, Andrei Grinev, without a moment's hesitation, entrusted him with the initial upbringing of his son.

As soon as the boy was 12 years old, a French tutor, specially ordered from Moscow, was assigned to him. Savelich did not approve of this decision, because he felt some jealousy towards the French teacher. This jealousy manifested itself in the grumbling of the old man. At the same time, being a witness to the spree of the French tutor, Savelich never engaged in denunciation. The teacher took advantage of this and continued to pretend that he was teaching the child the sciences. When the young man was 17 years old, the elder Grinev decided to send his son to the service, and sent Savelich with him as a stirrup and servant. During his service, Grinev appreciated Savelich's loyalty and reliability. That is why he entrusted him with the fate of Masha Mironova, whom he sent along with his uncle to the estate of his parents.

Savelich has self-respect. This feature is especially pronounced in comparison with the nobleman and officer Shvabrin, who possessed a slavish consciousness and, in order to save his life, was ready to fall at the feet of a robber.

The image of Savelich is somewhat comical. This is indicated by situations in which the character does ridiculous things. Nevertheless, at the fatal moment, when the main character was being led to the hanging, it was Savelich who saved Grinev.

This hero embodies the image of a faithful servant of the old era, a Russian peasant of that time, who became the forerunner of similar images in other works of Russian fiction.

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The image of Savelich in the story "The Captain's Daughter" is one of the main ones. This historical story by A. S. Pushkin has long been included in the circle of children's reading and school programs. It is studied and analyzed, in particular, the main and secondary characters are considered in detail. In this article we will talk about one of the key characters of the work.

The image of Savelich in the story "The Captain's Daughter"

Savelich is a minor character in the story. Despite the fact that he is not the main character, his image is very important for understanding the work.

Our hero is a courtyard man, a serf. The nobles had a tradition to assign a servant to their children. And when Petrushka Grinev reached the age of five, Savelich was assigned to him, who had previously served as a stirrup. The servant became very attached to the little barich, who literally grew up before his eyes.

Savelich understands that he is responsible for the fate of the young man. But not only the debt to Grinev's parents is the reason. The servant sincerely loves Petrushka, takes care of him like a father and worries about his future. Savelich's life is devoted to serving the master, he knows no other way.

Appearance description

Let's start with the characterization of appearance to analyze the image of Savelich in the story "The Captain's Daughter". Here is how Petrushka says about him: "to a stirrup ... for sober behavior granted me as an uncle." Little is known about Savelich's appearance, he is no longer a young man - an "old man" with a "gray head". He is dressed, like all serfs, his clothes are simple and worn.

speech characteristic

Savelich's speech in the story "The Captain's Daughter" makes it possible to partially understand the character of this hero. This is how he speaks of his master: "the child is combed, washed, fed." That is, he perceives Petrushka as a child and treats him accordingly. This is how he addresses him: “you are my light”, “I ran to shield you from the sword with my chest”.

On the other hand, Savelich considers himself a slave, a faithful servant: “I am your slave”, “I am a faithful servant, not an old dog”, “I have always served you diligently”, “I bow slavishly”, “your faithful serf”.

The speech of the hero is replete with vernacular and is not always correct from the point of view of the laws of the Russian language. This is not surprising, since he is from the serfs, so Pushkin brings him as close as possible to the people. After all, Savelich is just a collective image of a Russian person.

Savelich's character

The image of Savelich in the story "The Captain's Daughter" is very multifaceted. This is not a template character, but a full-blooded person with his own ideas about honor, order and law.

We list the main features that characterize this character:

• A devoted, faithful, responsible and caring servant.
• Kind - this characteristic gives him himself
• He does not drink, which was a rarity for the peasants.
• Household - he buys everything necessary for his master, looks after his clothes and keeps the room clean.
• He likes to teach the young master - he could not be appeased if he "set to preaching."
• Very stubborn - "do not argue with the stubborn old man", "knowing the stubbornness of the uncle ...".
• Grumpy - "grumbled again."
• Distrustful - "looked suspiciously."
• Big fan of arguing and bargaining.

Savelich has his own ideas about duty and honor. When his young master gets drunk and plays hard, he says that Petrushka should not pay money. On the one hand, this is a violation of noble honor, and on the other, justice. After all, those with whom Grinev played took advantage of his youth and intoxication. Therefore, Savelich wants to do as worldly wisdom tells him.

Despite all his care, the servant does not even hear a word of gratitude from his young master. And what is most surprising, does not wait for this. Savelich does not even consider that he needs some kind of encouragement. So do all the other serfs.

life saving

A complete characterization of Savelich in the story "The Captain's Daughter" is impossible without an analysis of the episode of the battle between Grinev and Shvabrin. The servant is ready to overshadow his master and die himself at the hands of a scoundrel. He interferes in the duel of young gentlemen, and then tells Grinev's parents about everything. He doesn't do it out of malice, but because he thinks it's the right thing to do.

And what reward does he get for it? Petrushka reprimands Savelich for telling his parents everything. And then the elder Grinev accuses the servant of not informing him earlier, before the duel took place. At the same time, the young master himself was also present, but did not even think about standing up for the devoted old man.

Another bright moment is Pugachev's order to hang Grinev. Hearing about this decision, Savelich falls at the feet of the tyrant, begging to spare the "child". In return, he is ready to give his life. At the same time, he appeals to logic, saying that Pugachev will not be of any use in the death of Grinev, and you can ask for a ransom for the living. This indicates that the servant is not stupid at all.

Thanks to this intercession, Grinev remains alive. But Savelich does not even hear a word of gratitude from him.

The meaning of the image of Savelich in the story "The Captain's Daughter"

Savelich is primarily a reflection of positive folk qualities. In this respect, the significance of the character for the story is quite definite. Through him, Pushkin characterizes all the serfs. In addition, through this image, the writer tries to reveal the unfair attitude towards these bonded people and their slavish obedience to such injustice.

Savelich is opposed to a completely different part of the people - those who joined Pugachev. These people are only capable of robbery and cruelty, they betray their leader in the event of the first danger. They are opposed to Savelich in everything.

The hero embodies all the positive qualities that the Russian people are endowed with. He is faithful, ready to sacrifice himself, disinterested, honest. On the other hand, the image of Savelich is very tragic. The drama of the character lies in the fact that all his efforts and good deeds go unnoticed and unappreciated.

The description of Savelich in the story "The Captain's Daughter" is a kind of appeal to the nobles, who got used to the slavish obedience of their servants and began to take it for granted. Pushkin urges them to remember that serfs are people too and deserve at least a little respect.

In "The Captain's Daughter" we meet truly Russian characters, who, along with nobility, dignity, honor, also have humility and a slavish psychology instilled in centuries of a powerless situation. These features are noticeable in Savelich. The author truthfully shows the image of Savelich, uncle Grinev, a serf in different life situations, enabling the hero to show all his inherent qualities. Savelich took care of the little master as if he were his own son: he was worried when Petrusha was ill, he was indignant when a Frenchman was discharged for young Grinev to study. And when Grinev came of age and was sent to serve the fatherland, Savelich followed him everywhere and even saved him from death more than once.

Savelich is a forced man, humble and devoted to his master. He is intelligent, full of self-respect and a sense of duty. He has a huge responsibility - he is raising the boy, while experiencing truly paternal feelings for him.

"The Captain's Daughter" is a story in which Savelich is shown not as a servant who humiliates himself before the masters. So, in response to the unfair and rude reproaches of Grinev the father, in his letter he calls himself "your faithful servant", "slave", as was customary at that time when addressing the lords of serfs. However, the tone of the letter of this hero is imbued with a sense of human dignity. The spiritual wealth, the inner nobility of his nature is fully revealed in the deeply human and completely disinterested attachment of a lonely, poor old man to his pupil Petrusha.

At first, Petrusha is a careless and frivolous son of a landowner, an underage idler who dreams of an easy life full of all kinds of pleasures as a guards officer in the capital. All these traits of his character are clearly seen in the episode of the meeting in Simbirsk with the hussar officer Zurin and in his treatment, in connection with this, with Savelich, who was betrayed to him not out of fear, but out of conscience. Imitating adults, he rudely and unfairly puts Savelich in the "proper", as it seems to him, the place of a serf servant, a slave. “I am your master, and you are my servant ... I advise you not to be clever and do what you are ordered,” he says to Savelich. The guardianship of the old man sometimes weighs on Peter: "... I wanted to break free and prove that I was no longer a child." He shouts at Savelich and at the same time realizes that he is wrong all around and that he is deeply "sorry for the poor old man." Peter becomes ashamed that he treated the old man so rudely, sincerely attached to him, tirelessly caring for him. In the fact that he himself asks for forgiveness from his servant, his true essence is revealed: the ability to admit his guilt, his sincerity and good attitude towards Savelich.

With all his behavior, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev later proved his loyalty to his father’s precepts, did not change what he considered his duty and his honor, no matter how the very concept of honor and duty was defined and limited by his class, noble prejudices.

In his story The Captain's Daughter, Pushkin showed how the personality of his hero is gradually changing. By nature, many worthy qualities are embedded in him, but they reach true disclosure only in life's trials, and we see how a frivolous young man, almost a boy, becomes a man, a mature person, capable of answering for his actions.