Various physical experiments. Entertaining experiments in physics (research work)

Winter will begin soon, and with it the long-awaited time. In the meantime, we suggest you take your child to no less exciting experiences at home, because you want miracles not only for the New Year, but every day.

This article will focus on experiments that clearly demonstrate to children such physical phenomena as: atmospheric pressure, the properties of gases, the movement of air currents and from various objects.

These will cause surprise and delight in the baby, and even a four-year-old can repeat them under your supervision.

How to fill a bottle with water without hands?

We will need:

• a bowl of cold and tinted water for clarity;
• hot water;
• Glass bottle.

Pour hot water into the bottle several times so that it warms up well. We turn the empty hot bottle upside down and lower it into a bowl of cold water. We observe how water from the bowl is drawn into the bottle and, contrary to the law of communicating vessels, the water level in the bottle is much higher than in the bowl.

Why is this happening? Initially, a well-heated bottle is filled with warm air. As the gas cools, it contracts to fill a smaller and smaller volume. Thus, a low-pressure medium is formed in the bottle, where water is sent to restore balance, because atmospheric pressure presses on the water from the outside. Colored water will flow into the bottle until the pressure inside and outside the glass vessel equalizes.

Dancing coin

For this experience we will need:

• a glass bottle with a narrow neck that can be completely blocked by a coin;
• coin;
• water;
• freezer.

We leave an empty open glass bottle in the freezer (or outside in winter) for 1 hour. We take out the bottle, moisten the coin with water and put it on the neck of the bottle. After a few seconds, the coin will begin to bounce on the neck and make characteristic clicks.

This behavior of the coin is explained by the ability of gases to expand when heated. Air is a mixture of gases, and when we took the bottle out of the refrigerator it was filled with cold air. At room temperature, the gas inside began to heat up and increase in volume, while the coin blocked its exit. Here the warm air began to push out the coin, and at one time it began to bounce on the bottle and click.

It is important that the coin is wet and fits snugly to the neck, otherwise the focus will not work and warm air will freely leave the bottle without tossing a coin.

Glass - non-spill

Invite the child to turn the glass filled with water so that the water does not spill out of it. Surely the baby will refuse such a scam or at the first attempt will pour water into the basin. Teach him the next trick. We will need:

• a glass of water;
• a piece of cardboard;
• basin / sink for safety net.

We cover the glass with water with cardboard, and holding the latter with our hand, we turn the glass over, after which we remove the hand. This experiment is best done over the basin / sink, because. if the glass is kept upside down for a long time, the cardboard will eventually get wet and water will spill. Paper instead of cardboard is better not to use for the same reason.

Discuss with your child: why does the cardboard prevent water from flowing out of the glass, because it is not glued to the glass, and why does the cardboard not immediately fall under the influence of gravity?

Do you want to play with your child easily and with pleasure?

At the moment of getting wet, the cardboard molecules interact with water molecules, being attracted to each other. From this point on, water and cardboard interact as one. In addition, wet cardboard prevents air from entering the glass, which prevents the pressure inside the glass from changing.

At the same time, not only water from the glass presses on the cardboard, but also the air from the outside, which forms the force of atmospheric pressure. It is atmospheric pressure that presses the cardboard to the glass, forming a kind of lid, and prevents the water from pouring out.

Experience with a hair dryer and a strip of paper

We continue to surprise the child. We build a structure from books and attach a strip of paper to them from above (we did this with adhesive tape). The paper hangs from the books as shown in the photo. You choose the width and length of the strip, focusing on the power of the hair dryer (we took 4 by 25 cm).

Now turn on the hair dryer and direct the air stream parallel to the lying paper. Despite the fact that the air does not blow on the paper, but next to it, the strip rises from the table and develops as if in the wind.

Why does this happen and what makes the strip move? Initially, gravity acts on the strip and atmospheric pressure presses. The hair dryer creates a strong flow of air along the paper. In this place, a zone of low pressure is formed in the direction of which the paper deviates.

Shall we blow out the candle?

We begin to teach the baby to blow even before a year old, preparing him for his first birthday. When the child has grown up and fully mastered this skill, offer him through the funnel. In the first case, positioning the funnel in such a way that its center corresponds to the level of the flame. And the second time, so that the flame is along the edge of the funnel.

Surely the child will be surprised that all his efforts in the first case will not give the proper result in the form of an extinguished candle. Moreover, in the second case, the effect will be instantaneous.

Why? When air enters the funnel, it is evenly distributed along its walls, so the maximum flow velocity is observed at the edge of the funnel. And in the center, the air speed is small, which does not allow the candle to go out.

Shadow from the candle and from the fire

We will need:

• candle;
• torch.

We light the battle and place it against a wall or other screen and illuminate it with a flashlight. A shadow from the candle itself will appear on the wall, but there will be no shadow from the fire. Ask the child why this happened?

The thing is that the fire itself is a source of light and transmits other light rays through itself. And since the shadow appears when the side illumination of an object that does not transmit rays of light, the fire cannot give a shadow. But not everything is so simple. Depending on the combustible substance, the fire can be filled with various impurities, soot, etc. In this case, you can see a blurry shadow, which is exactly what these inclusions give.

Did you like a selection of experiments to conduct at home? Share with your friends by clicking on the buttons of social networks so that other mothers will please their babies with interesting experiments!

Ministry of Education and Science of the Chelyabinsk Region

Plast technological branch

GBPOU SPO "Kopeysky Polytechnic College named after. S.V Khokhryakova»

MASTER CLASS

"EXPERIENCES AND EXPERIMENTS

FOR KIDS"

Educational - research work

"Entertaining physical experiments

from improvised materials "

Head: Yu.V. Timofeeva, teacher of physics

Performers: students of the group OPI - 15

annotation

Physical experiments increase interest in the study of physics, develop thinking, teach how to apply theoretical knowledge to explain various physical phenomena occurring in the world around us.

Unfortunately, due to the overload of educational material in physics lessons, insufficient attention is paid to entertaining experiments.

With the help of experiments, observations and measurements, relationships between various physical quantities can be investigated.

All the phenomena observed during entertaining experiments have a scientific explanation, for this they used the fundamental laws of physics and the properties of the matter around us.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

Without a doubt, all our knowledge begins with experience.

(Kant Emmanuel - German philosopher 1724-1804)

Physics is not only scientific books and complex laws, not only huge laboratories. Physics is also interesting experiments and entertaining experiments. Physics is tricks shown in a circle of friends, these are funny stories and funny homemade toys.

Most importantly, any available material can be used for physical experiments.

Physical experiments can be done with balls, glasses, syringes, pencils, straws, coins, needles, etc.

Experiments increase interest in the study of physics, develop thinking, teach how to apply theoretical knowledge to explain various physical phenomena occurring in the world around us.

When conducting experiments, it is necessary not only to draw up a plan for its implementation, but also to determine methods for obtaining certain data, to independently assemble installations and even design the necessary devices for reproducing this or that phenomenon.

But, unfortunately, due to the overload of educational material in physics lessons, insufficient attention is paid to entertaining experiments, much attention is paid to theory and problem solving.

Therefore, it was decided to conduct research work on the topic "Entertaining experiments in physics from improvised materials."

The objectives of the research work are as follows:

1. Master the methods of physical research, master the skills of correct observation and the technique of physical experiment.

   Organization of independent work with various literature and other sources of information, collection, analysis and generalization of material on the topic of research work.

   To teach students how to apply scientific knowledge to explain physical phenomena.

   To instill in students a love for physics, to increase their concentration on understanding the laws of nature, and not on their mechanical memorization.

When choosing a research topic, we proceeded from the following principles:

Subjectivity - the chosen topic corresponds to our interests.

Objectivity - the topic we have chosen is relevant and important in scientific and practical terms.

Feasibility - the tasks and goals set by us in the work are real and feasible.

1. MAIN CONTENT.

The research work was carried out according to the following scheme:

Formulation of the problem.

The study of information from various sources on this issue.

The choice of research methods and practical mastery of them.

Collection of own material - acquisition of improvised materials, conducting experiments.

Analysis and generalization.

Formulation of conclusions.

During the research work, the following physical research methods were used:

1. Physical experience

The experiment consisted of the following stages:

Understanding the conditions of experience.

This stage provides for familiarity with the conditions of the experiment, determining the list of necessary improvised instruments and materials and safe conditions during the experiment.

Drawing up a sequence of actions.

At this stage, the order of the experiment was outlined, if necessary, new materials were added.

Conducting an experiment.

2. Surveillance

When observing the phenomena occurring in the experiment, we paid special attention to the change in physical characteristics, while we were able to detect regular relationships between various physical quantities.

3. Modeling.

Modeling is the basis of any physical research. During the experiments, we simulated various situational experiments.

In total, we have modeled, carried out and scientifically explained several entertaining physical experiments.

2. Organization of research work:

2.1 Methodology for conducting various experiments:

Experience No. 1 Candle behind a bottle

Devices and materials: candle, bottle, matches

Stages of the experiment

Put a lit candle behind the bottle, and stand yourself so that your face is 20-30 cm away from the bottle.

It is worth now to blow, and the candle will go out, as if there is no barrier between you and the candle.

Experience number 2 Spinning snake

Tools and materials: thick paper, candle, scissors.

Stages of the experiment

Cut a spiral out of thick paper, stretch it a little and put it on the end of the bent wire.

Holding this coil over the candle in an updraft of air will cause the snake to spin.

Devices and materials: 15 matches.

Stages of the experiment

Put one match on the table, and 14 matches across it so that their heads stick up and the ends touch the table.

How to lift the first match, holding it by one end, and with it all the other matches?

Experience No. 4 Paraffin motor

Devices and materials:candle, knitting needle, 2 glasses, 2 plates, matches.

Stages of the experiment

To make this motor, we don't need electricity or gasoline. We need only ... a candle for this.

Heat the needle and stick it with their heads into the candle. This will be the axis of our engine.

Put the candle with a knitting needle on the edges of two glasses and balance.

Light the candle at both ends.

Experience No. 5 Thick air

We live by the air we breathe. If that doesn't sound magical enough to you, do this experiment to see what other magic the air can do.

Props

Protective glasses

Pine plank 0.3x2.5x60 cm (available at any lumber store)

newspaper sheet

Ruler

Training

Let's start the science magic!

Put on safety goggles. Announce to the audience: “There are two kinds of air in the world. One of them is skinny and the other is fat. Now I will perform magic with the help of oily air.

Lay the plank on the table so that about 6 inches (15 cm) protrudes from the edge of the table.

Say: "Thick air sit on the plank." Hit the end of the plank that protrudes beyond the edge of the table. The plank will jump into the air.

Tell the audience that it must have been thin air sitting on the plank. Again, put the plank on the table as in point 2.

Place a newspaper sheet on the board, as shown in the figure, so that the board is in the middle of the sheet. Smooth out the newspaper so that there is no air between it and the table.

Say again: "Thick air, sit on the plank."

Hit the protruding end with the edge of your hand.

Experience No. 6 Waterproof paper

Props

Paper towel

Cup

A plastic bowl or bucket that can be filled with enough water to completely cover the glass

Training

Lay out everything you need on the table

Let's start the science magic!

Announce to the audience: "With the help of my magical skill, I can make a piece of paper stay dry."

Crumple up a paper towel and place it in the bottom of the glass.

Flip the glass over and make sure the wad of paper stays in place.

Say some magical words over the glass, for example: "magic powers, protect the paper from water." Then slowly lower the inverted glass into the bowl of water. Try to keep the glass as level as possible until it is completely under the water.

Take the glass out of the water and shake off the water. Turn the glass upside down and take out the paper. Let the audience feel it and make sure it stays dry.

Experience No. 7 Flying ball

Have you seen how a person rises into the air at a magician's performance? Try a similar experiment.

Please note: For this experiment, you will need a hair dryer and adult assistance.

Props

Hairdryer (must be used by an adult assistant only)

2 thick books or other heavy objects

Ping pong ball

Ruler

adult assistant

Training

Set the hair dryer up on the table with the hole that blows hot air.

To install it in this position, use the books. Make sure they don't block the hole on the side where air is sucked into the hair dryer.

Plug in the hair dryer.

Let's start the science magic!

Ask one of the adult viewers to be your assistant.

Announce to the audience: “Now I will make an ordinary ping-pong ball fly through the air.”

Take the ball in your hand and let it fall on the table. Tell the audience: “Oh! I forgot to say the magic words!”

Say the magic words over the ball. Have your assistant turn on the hair dryer at full power.

Gently place the balloon over the hair dryer in a jet of air, about 45 cm from the blowing hole.

Advice for a Learned Wizard

Depending on how hard you are blowing, you may need to place the balloon a little higher or lower than indicated.

What else can be done

Try to do the same with a ball of different sizes and weights. Will the experience be equally good?

2. 2 RESULTS OF THE STUDY:

1) Experience No. 1 Candle behind a bottle

Explanation:

The candle will gradually float up, and the paraffin cooled by water at the edge of the candle will melt more slowly than the paraffin surrounding the wick. Therefore, a rather deep funnel is formed around the wick. This emptiness, in turn, lightens the candle, and that is why our candle will burn out to the end..

2) Experience number 2 Spinning snake

Explanation:

The snake rotates because there is an expansion of air under the action of heat and the transformation of warm energy into motion.

3) Experiment No. 3 Fifteen matches on one

Explanation:

In order to lift all the matches, you only need to put one more, fifteenth match on top of all the matches, in the hollow between them.

4) Experience No. 4 Paraffin motor

Explanation:

A drop of paraffin will fall into one of the plates placed under the ends of the candle. The balance will be disturbed, the other end of the candle will pull and fall; at the same time, a few drops of paraffin will drain from it, and it will become lighter than the first end; it rises to the top, the first end will fall, drop a drop, it will become easier, and our motor will start to work with might and main; gradually fluctuations of the candle will increase more and more.

5) Experience No. 5 thick air

When you hit the plank for the first time, it bounces. But if you hit a board with a newspaper on it, the board breaks.

Explanation:

When you flatten a newspaper, you remove almost all the air from under it. However, a large number of air on top of the newspaper presses on it with great force. When you hit the board, it breaks because the pressure of the air on the newspaper prevents the board from rising up in response to the force you applied.

6) Experience No. 6 Waterproof paper

Explanation:

Air occupies a certain volume. There is air in the glass, no matter what position it is in. When you turn a glass upside down and lower it slowly into water, air remains in the glass. Water cannot get into the glass because of the air. The pressure of the air is greater than the pressure of the water trying to get inside the glass. The towel at the bottom of the glass stays dry. If the glass is turned on its side under water, the air in the form of bubbles will come out of it. Then he can get into the glass.

8) Experience No. 7 Flying ball

Explanation:

In fact, this trick does not contradict gravity. It demonstrates an important ability of air called Bernoulli's principle. Bernoulli's principle is the law of nature, according to which any pressure of any fluid, including air, decreases with increasing speed of its movement. In other words, at a low air flow rate, it has a high pressure.

The air coming out of the hair dryer moves very fast and therefore its pressure is low. The ball is surrounded on all sides by a low pressure area, which forms a cone at the hair dryer opening. The air around this cone has a higher pressure and keeps the ball from falling out of the low pressure area. The force of gravity pulls it down, and the force of air pulls it up. Thanks to the combined action of these forces, the ball hangs in the air above the hair dryer.

CONCLUSION

Analyzing the results of entertaining experiments, we were convinced that the knowledge gained in physics classes is quite applicable to solving practical issues.

With the help of experiments, observations and measurements, the relationships between various physical quantities were investigated.

All the phenomena observed during entertaining experiments have a scientific explanation, for this we used the fundamental laws of physics and the properties of the matter around us.

The laws of physics are based on facts established by experience. Moreover, the interpretation of the same facts often changes in the course of the historical development of physics. Facts accumulate as a result of observations. But at the same time, they cannot be limited only to them. This is only the first step towards knowledge. Next comes the experiment, the development of concepts that allow qualitative characteristics. In order to draw general conclusions from observations, to find out the causes of phenomena, it is necessary to establish quantitative relationships between quantities. If such a dependence is obtained, then a physical law is found. If a physical law is found, then there is no need to set up an experiment in each individual case, it is enough to perform the appropriate calculations. Having studied experimentally the quantitative relationships between the quantities, it is possible to identify patterns. Based on these regularities, a general theory of phenomena is developed.

Therefore, without experiment there can be no rational teaching of physics. The study of physics and other technical disciplines involves the widespread use of the experiment, the discussion of the features of its formulation and the observed results.

In accordance with the task set, all experiments were carried out using only cheap, small-sized improvised materials.

Based on the results of the educational and research work, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. In various sources of information, you can find and come up with many entertaining physical experiments performed with the help of improvised equipment.

   Entertaining experiments and home-made physical devices increase the range of demonstrations of physical phenomena.

   Entertaining experiments allow you to test the laws of physics and theoretical hypotheses.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

M. Di Specio "Entertaining experiments", LLC "Astrel", 2004

F.V. Rabiz "Funny Physics", Moscow, 2000

L. Galperstein "Hello, physics", Moscow, 1967

A. Tomilin "I want to know everything", Moscow, 1981

M.I. Bludov "Conversations in Physics", Moscow, 1974.

ME AND. Perelman "Entertaining tasks and experiments", Moscow, 1972.

APPS

Disk:

1. Presentation "Entertaining physical experiments from improvised materials"

2. Video "Entertaining physical experiments from improvised materials"

Experiment is one of the most informative ways of knowing. Thanks to him, it is possible to obtain various and extensive titles about the phenomenon or system under study. It is the experiment that plays a fundamental role in physical research. Beautiful physical experiments remain in the memory of future generations for a long time, and also contribute to the popularization of physical ideas among the masses. Here are the most interesting physical experiments according to the opinion of the physicists themselves from the survey of Robert Creese and Stony Book.

1. Experiment of Eratosthenes of Cyrene

This experiment is rightfully considered one of the most ancient to date. In the third century BC. the librarian of the Library of Alexandria, Erastofen of Kirensky, measured the radius of the Earth in an interesting way. on the day of the summer solstice in Siena, the sun was at its zenith, as a result of which shadows from objects were not observed. 5000 stadia to the north in Alexandria at the same time, the Sun deviated from the zenith by 7 degrees. From here the librarian received information that the circumference of the Earth is 40 thousand km, and its radius is 6300 km. Erastofen received indicators only 5% less than today's, which is simply amazing for the ancient measuring instruments he used.

2. Galileo Galilei and his very first experiment

In the 17th century, Aristotle's theory was dominant and unquestioning. According to this theory, the speed of a body falling directly depended on its weight. An example was a feather and a stone. The theory was erroneous, as it did not take into account air resistance.

Galileo Galilei doubted this theory and decided to conduct a series of experiments personally. He took a large cannonball and fired it from the Leaning Tower of Pisa, paired with a light musket bullet. Given their close streamlined shape, air resistance could easily be neglected, and of course both objects landed at the same time, disproving Aristotle's theory. believes that you need to personally go to Pisa and throw something similar in appearance and different in weight from the tower in order to feel like a great scientist.

3. The second experiment of Galileo Galilei

Aristotle's second statement was that bodies under the action of a force move at a constant speed. Galileo launched metal balls along an inclined plane and recorded the distance they covered in a certain time. Then he doubled the time, but the balls covered 4 times the distance during this time. Thus, the dependence was not linear, that is, the speed was not constant. From this, Galileo concluded that the accelerated motion under the action of force.
These two experiments served as the basis for the creation of classical mechanics.

4. Henry Cavendish experiment

Newton is the owner of the formulation of the law of universal gravitation, in which the gravitational constant is present. Naturally, the problem of finding its numerical value arose. But for this it would be necessary to measure the force of interaction between bodies. But the problem is that the force of attraction is rather weak, it would be necessary to use either gigantic masses or small distances.

John Michell managed to come up with, and Cavendish to conduct in 1798 a rather interesting experiment. A torsion balance was used as a measuring device. On them, balls on thin ropes were fixed on the yoke. Mirrors were attached to the balls. Then, very large and heavy ones were brought to small balls and the displacement was fixed along the light spots. The result of a series of experiments was the determination of the value of the gravitational constant and the mass of the Earth.

5. The experiment of Jean Bernard Léon Foucault

Thanks to the huge (67 m) pendulum, which was installed in the Paris Pantheon, Foucault in 1851 brought the fact of the Earth's rotation around its axis by experiment. The plane of rotation of the pendulum remains unchanged with respect to the stars, but the observer rotates with the planet. Thus, one can see how the plane of rotation of the pendulum gradually shifts to the side. This is a fairly simple and safe experiment, unlike the one we wrote about in the article.

6. Isaac Newton's experiment

Again, Aristotle's statement was tested. There was an opinion that various colors are mixtures in different proportions of light and darkness. The more darkness, the closer the color to purple and vice versa.

People have long noticed that large single crystals decompose light into colors. A series of experiments with prisms were carried out by the Czech naturalist Marcia the English Khariot. Newton began a new series in 1672.
Newton set up physical experiments in a dark room, passing a thin beam of light through a small hole in thick curtains. This beam hit the prism and was decomposed into the colors of the rainbow on the screen. The phenomenon was called dispersion and later theoretically substantiated.

But Newton went further, because he was interested in the nature of light and colors. He passed the rays through two prisms in series. Based on these experiments, Newton concluded that color is not a combination of light and darkness, and even more so is not an attribute of an object. White light consists of all the colors that can be seen in dispersion.

7. Thomas Young's experiment

Until the 19th century, the corpuscular theory of light dominated. It was believed that light, like matter, consists of particles. Thomas Young, an English physician and physicist, conducted his own experiment in 1801 to test this claim. If we assume that light has a wave theory, then the same interacting waves should be observed as when two stones are thrown into water.

To simulate stones, Jung used an opaque screen with two holes and light sources behind it. Light passed through the holes and a pattern of light and dark stripes formed on the screen. Light stripes formed where the waves strengthened each other, and dark stripes where they extinguished.

8. Klaus Jonsson and his experiment

In 1961, the German physicist Klaus Jonsson proved that elementary particles have a corpuscular-wave nature. For this, he conducted an experiment similar to Young's, only replacing the rays of light with beams of electrons. As a result, it was still possible to obtain an interference pattern.

9. Robert Milliken's experiment

As early as the beginning of the nineteenth century, the idea arose that every body had an electric charge, which was discrete and determined by indivisible elementary charges. By that time, the concept of an electron was introduced as a carrier of this very charge, but it was not possible to experimentally detect this particle and calculate its charge.
The American physicist Robert Milliken succeeded in developing the perfect example of finesse in experimental physics. He isolated charged water droplets between the plates of a capacitor. Then, using X-rays, he ionized the air between the same plates and changed the charge of the drops.

BEI "Koskovskaya secondary school"

Kichmengsko-Gorodets municipal district

Vologda region

Educational project

"Physical experiment at home"

Completed:

7th grade students

Koptyaev Artem

Alekseevskaya Xenia

Alekseevskaya Tanya

Supervisor:

Korovkin I.N.

March-April-2016.

Content

Introduction

Nothing in life is better than your own experience.

Scott W.

At school and at home, we got acquainted with many physical phenomena and we wanted to make home-made devices, equipment and conduct experiments. All the experiments we conduct allow us to gain a deeper knowledge of the world around us and, in particular, of physics. We describe the process of making equipment for the experiment, the principle of operation and the physical law or phenomenon demonstrated by this device. The experiments carried out interested students from other classes.

Target: make a device from available improvised means to demonstrate a physical phenomenon and use it to tell about a physical phenomenon.

Hypothesis: made devices, demonstrations will help to know physics deeper.

Tasks:

Study the literature on conducting experiments with your own hands.

Watch video demonstration of experiments

Build experiment equipment

Hold a demo

Describe the physical phenomenon being demonstrated

Improve the material base of the physicist's office.

EXPERIENCE 1. Fountain model

Target : show the simplest model of the fountain.

Equipment : plastic bottle, dropper tubes, clip, balloon, cuvette.

The course of the experiment:

We will make 2 holes in the cork. Insert the tubes, attach a ball to the end of one.

Fill the balloon with air and close with a clip.

Pour into a bottle of water and put it in a cuvette.

Let's watch the flow of water.

Result: We observe the formation of a fountain of water.

Analysis: compressed air in the balloon acts on the water in the bottle. The more air in the balloon, the higher the fountain will be.

EXPERIENCE 2. Carthusian diver

(Pascal's law and Archimedean force.)

Target: demonstrate Pascal's law and Archimedes' force.

Equipment: plastic bottle,

pipette (a vessel closed at one end)

The course of the experiment:

Take a plastic bottle with a capacity of 1.5-2 liters.

Take a small vessel (pipette) and load it with copper wire.

Fill the bottle with water.

Press down on the top of the bottle with your hands.

Watch the phenomenon.

Result : we observe the dipping of the pipette and the ascent when pressing on the plastic bottle ..

Analysis : the force will compress the air over the water, the pressure is transferred to the water.

According to Pascal's law, pressure compresses the air in the pipette. As a result, the Archimedean force decreases. The body is sinking. We stop the compression. The body floats.

EXPERIENCE 3. Pascal's law and communicating vessels.

Target: demonstrate the operation of Pascal's law in hydraulic machines.

Equipment: two syringes of different sizes and a plastic tube from a dropper.

Ready product.

The course of the experiment:

1. Take two syringes of different sizes and connect with a dropper tube.

2.Fill with incompressible liquid (water or oil)

3. Push the plunger of the smaller syringe. Observe the movement of the plunger of the larger syringe.

4. Push the plunger of the larger syringe. Observe the movement of the plunger of the smaller syringe.

Result : We fix the difference in the applied forces.

Analysis : According to Pascal's law, the pressure created by the pistons is the same. Therefore: how many times the piston is so many times and the force generated by it is greater.

EXPERIENCE 4. Dry from water.

Target : show the expansion of hot air and the contraction of cold air.

Equipment : a glass, a plate of water, a candle, a cork.

Ready product.

The course of the experiment:

1. pour water into a plate and place a coin on the bottom and a float on the water.

2. invite the audience to get a coin without getting their hands wet.

3. light a candle and put it in the water.

4. cover with a warm glass.

Result: Observe the movement of water in a glass.

Analysis: when air is heated, it expands. When the candle goes out. The air cools and its pressure drops. Atmospheric pressure will push the water under the glass.

EXPERIENCE 5. Inertia.

Target : show the manifestation of inertia.

Equipment : Wide-mouthed bottle, cardboard ring, coins.

Ready product.

The course of the experiment:

1. We put a paper ring on the neck of the bottle.

2. put coins on the ring.

3. with a sharp blow of the ruler we knock out the ring

Result: watch the coins fall into the bottle.

Analysis: inertia is the ability of a body to maintain its speed. When hitting the ring, the coins do not have time to change speed and fall into the bottle.

EXPERIENCE 6. Upside down.

Target : Show the behavior of a liquid in a rotating bottle.

Equipment : Wide-mouthed bottle and rope.

Ready product.

The course of the experiment:

1. We tie a rope to the neck of the bottle.

2. pour water.

3. rotate the bottle over your head.

Result: water does not spill out.

Analysis: At the top, gravity and centrifugal force act on the water. If the centrifugal force is greater than gravity, then the water will not pour out.

EXPERIENCE 7. Non-Newtonian fluid.

Target : Show the behavior of a non-Newtonian fluid.

Equipment : bowl.starch. water.

Ready product.

The course of the experiment:

1. In a bowl, dilute starch and water in equal proportions.

2. demonstrate the unusual properties of the liquid

Result: a substance has the properties of a solid and a liquid.

Analysis: with a sharp impact, the properties of a solid body are manifested, and with a slow impact, the properties of a liquid.

Conclusion

As a result of our work, we:

conducted experiments proving the existence of atmospheric pressure;

created home-made devices that demonstrate the dependence of liquid pressure on the height of the liquid column, Pascal's law.

We liked to study pressure, make home-made devices, conduct experiments. But there are many interesting things in the world that you can still learn, so in the future:

We will continue to study this interesting science

We hope that our classmates will be interested in this problem, and we will try to help them.

In the future, we will conduct new experiments.

Conclusion

It is interesting to watch the experience conducted by the teacher. Conducting it yourself is doubly interesting.

And to conduct an experiment with a device made and designed by one's own hands is of great interest to the whole class. In such experiments, it is easy to establish a relationship and draw a conclusion about how a given installation works.

Conducting these experiments is not difficult and interesting. They are safe, simple and useful. New research ahead!

Literature

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Extracurricular work in physics / Ed. O.F. Kabardin. M.: Enlightenment, 1983.

Galperstein L. Entertaining physics. M.: ROSMEN, 2000.

GeagleL.A. Entertaining experiments in physics. Moscow: Enlightenment, 1985.

Goryachkin E.N. Methodology and technique of physical experiment. M.: Enlightenment. 1984

Mayorov A.N. Physics for the curious, or what you don't learn in class. Yaroslavl: Academy of Development, Academy and K, 1999.

Makeeva G.P., Tsedrik M.S. Physical paradoxes and entertaining questions. Minsk: Narodnaya Asveta, 1981.

Nikitin Yu.Z. Fun hour. M .: Young Guard, 1980.

Experiments in a home laboratory // Kvant. 1980. No. 4.

Perelman Ya.I. Entertaining mechanics. Do you know physics? M.: VAP, 1994.

Peryshkin A.V., Rodina N.A. Physics textbook for grade 7. M.: Enlightenment. 2012

Peryshkin A.V. Physics. - M .: Bustard, 2012