Project to create a school museum. The project of creating a school museum project on the topic
Rostov region Tarasovsky district Tarasovsky village
Municipal budgetary educational institution
Tarasovskaya secondary school №2
Project School Museum
Project Manager:
Goncharuk Vladimir Stepanovich, teacher of technology, head of the circle "Young local historian".
Participants: students, teachers of MBOU TSOSH No. 2, parents
p. Tarasovskiy 2018
Project: School Museum
"Do you remember how it all started?"
"There is nothing more human in a man,
how to link past and present
F.I. Tyutchev
Rationale for the need for the project.
The feeling of love for the Motherland does not come by itself, spontaneously. It needs to be seriously and thoughtfully brought up from childhood. And here, in my opinion, the school museum plays an important role.
One can endlessly talk about spiritual and moral education, about patriotism, awakening them in the souls of our fellow citizens, but if the words are not backed up by concrete deeds, then all this will look like nothing more than shaking the air.
In order to make the life of each of us and the whole country better,
you need to start with yourself: stop being indifferent to what is happening around us; change your attitude towards the world...
At the moment, no one doubts the fact that familiarization with culture should begin from early childhood. In my opinion, this is an urgent problem of today's society: the revival and development of spiritual and moral values, the need to form high moral and ethical principles among young people.
I believe that the creation of a school museum can contribute to solving this problem. After all, the purpose of museum activity is to form a sense of responsibility for the preservation of natural resources, the artistic culture of the region, pride in one's Fatherland, school, family, that is, a sense of belonging to the past and present of a small Motherland.
The school museum of the history of the school is designed for children. Children are the future of our society. If we want to raise worthy citizens, patriots of the Fatherland, we must instill in our children the spiritual and moral core.
The museum creates special conditions for influencing the intellectual-volitional and emotional processes of the child's personality, and each exposition is a program for the transfer of knowledge, skills, judgments, assessments and feelings through the exhibits.
Project name: School Museum.
The theme of the school museum:« Do you remember how it all started?". Project Manager: Goncharuk Volodymyr Stepanovich
Project participants: students of MJOU TSOSH No. 2.
Description of the problem.
The history of the school, the village, closely connected with the life of the country, is rich in its traditions.
Unfortunately, the school does not have a museum of school history. “Memory,” as V.A. Astafiev, - this is the staff on which a person relies in his life path, she makes him sighted ... ".
Why was attention drawn to this? Recently, one can observe that children have lost interest in their small homeland, in their school. In order to preserve the memory of the years spent within the walls of the native school, it was decided to create a school museum, “Do you remember how it all began?”.
The solution of this issue is relevant, because at present the question of raising a sense of patriotism has become very acute, which is one of the main tasks in educating future citizens of Russia.
Working on this project will help preserve the memory of the school, school traditions, and important milestones in its history. Working with archival data and museum exhibits contributes to the development of creative abilities, civic-patriotic feelings, communication skills, search and research skills, which are so necessary in the modern world.
Objective of the project:
Creation of a museum dedicated to the history of our school.
Project objectives:
In accordance with this established goal, specific tasks were formulated that reveal the content of the work to solve the problem:
Preservation of the historical memory of the school.
Organization of search and research work.
Well designed exposition.
Replenishment and updating of museum expositions.
Developing students' interest in the history of the school.
Establishing contact with archives, museums, involving students, parents of students, and the public in the project.
Expected results:
Creation of exhibits and replenishment of the fund of the school museum.
Use of museum materials in lessons, class hours, extracurricular activities and parent-teacher meetings.
Formation of creative abilities in every child.
Instilling in students a sense of citizenship and patriotism.
The implementation of the project will make it possible to create a school museum, where the following expositions will be displayed:
1. Chronicle of the school.
2. Veteran teachers.
3. Dedicated to warriors-graduates of hot spots ....
4. Our graduates.
5. Photo gallery.
In the course of working on the project, students will master the skills of search and research activities, which will help them quickly adapt to modern life.
A bank of materials will be created that can be used for various activities at the school.
Project implementation timeline: 2018-2020
Project implementation:
To achieve the goals set, it is planned to create a design project for the school museum, search for and raise funds for the creation of the museum, form an asset for organizing the permanent work of the school museum, deploy systematic work on the education and upbringing of students based on work on the formation of expositions and collection of materials from the main fund.
Planned:
Preparation of proposals for the project;
Search for business partners;
Carrying out planned activities;
Correction of the progress of the project.
An initiative group was created on the basis of the circle "Young local historian" to implement the project.
By studying public opinion, we developed a questionnaire and conducted a survey among high school students, teachers, parents
Most of the respondents supported the initiative to create a school museum.
Questionnaire for students in grades 7-11 of the following content:
Does the school need a museum? « History of an educational institution?
Would you like to participate in its creation?
Are you ready to continue working on replenishing the museum's expositions after graduation?
Questionnaire for teachers:
Do you support the idea of the project?
Are you ready to help in the design of museum expositions?
Questionnaire for parents:
1. Would you like to visit the school museum?
2. Are you ready to assist in the design of museum expositions?
Having received a positive response, it was decided to proceed with the implementation of this project.
Results of public opinion:
We discussed our project with the director of the school, Rubanova Tatyana Yurievna, who supported us and promised her assistance in the implementation of the project.
Areas of activity of the museum
Search and research activities.
This area of work involves the direct participation of students, teachers and parents in search and research work to revive the history of their native school. To do this, it is necessary to familiarize them with the methodology for collecting and fixing materials, to teach them how to work in the funds of museums, archives and libraries, using the main ways of collecting local history material:
Planned systematic collection of documents.
Expedition fee.
Acceptance of gifts and random receipts.
This work allows you to:
Conduct joint work of teachers and students on the basis of the museum to study problematic issues in the history of their native school.
Summarize the studied material in abstracts, creative research of students.
Participate in olympiads and competitions.
replenish the funds of the museum.
Create a photo gallery.
Main forms of work:
Expeditions.
Relations with public organizations.
Meetings with interesting people - former students.
Correspondence with interesting people, meetings with school graduates, members of the public.
Collection of articles on the history of the school from periodicals, scientific and reference literature.
Conducting research work on the topics “School is also my Motherland”, “History of a small Motherland”, etc.
Carrying out actions on the topics: “History of the school”, “My fatherland”, “Declaration of love for my native school”, “Exhibit for the museum”.
Exposition and design activities
The result of the search and research work of students is the creation of a museum exposition. The main task of this direction is to promote the scientific and aesthetic level of expositions. For this you need:
To master and practice the procedure for creating museum expositions: studying and selecting materials, drawing up a plan, developing an artistic design project, making equipment, texts, design elements, installation.
To take into account the main aesthetic requirements: rhythm in the arrangement of exposition complexes, uniform saturation of their parts, proportional loading of exposition areas.
Provide for sections in the exposition of the school museum in which material can be easily replaced, which will make it possible to hold various games and quizzes with different categories of schoolchildren in the museum.
The created exposition of the school museum should become the center of educational work in the school.
Educational work
The main task of this direction is to involve a significant number of schoolchildren, their parents and teachers in the work of the museum. For this you need:
Continue teaching students the methods of search and research work.
Conduct joint events: meetings, evenings, conferences, conversations, literary and historical compositions, excursions (survey and thematic), lessons of citizenship and patriotism.
Use materials in the lessons of history, local history, Russian literature, fine arts, technology, in lessons in primary grades.
Working plan for project implementation.
start collecting information on topics:
School history;
They ran the school;
labor veterans;
The school is proud of them;
History of children's school organizations;
Graduates.
Currently, work has begun on collecting information for the museum.
(slide 15.)
Year 1994. How young we were...
Year 1996. Grade 11. First school release!
Teachers 1998
Prospects for the activities of the museum
Opening of new expositions.
Creation and distribution of printed materials based on museum materials.
The opportunity to use the museum's funds and prepare an interesting report for your schoolmates, write an essay, take part in local history and scientific conferences.
Replenishment of materials for museum expositions.
Dissemination of experience in order to create school museums by other educational institutions.
The result of the project should be positive for everyone.
The school museum makes a worthy contribution to spiritual and moral education. Everyone can become a custodian of cultural heritage.
A child, a teenager who will know the history of a school, a village, the life of his ancestors, architectural monuments, will never commit an act of vandalism either in relation to this object or in relation to others. He will just know their value.
Thus, the project serves to unite, rally students around a lofty noble goal - to preserve the past and present for posterity.
The future of Russia depends on the civic position of its inhabitants, adults and children. It is impossible to become a real citizen of the country without realizing oneself as a resident of the "small Motherland" - one's own street, city, region. The formation of historical memory is also facilitated by the work of school museums, which play a huge role in patriotic, civil, and adolescent education.
The work of the school museum is included in the educational process: through its collections and forms of activity, it is connected with the teaching of various school subjects and with additional education. A similar connection exists between schools and museums of other types, but it will never be as close and productive. more than any other is included in the life of the local community, and the "quality of life" of him is directly related to the attitude towards him on the part of the local administration, nearby enterprises and organizations.
Thus, a museum in a modern school is such an integrated educational environment where it is possible to implement new forms of organizing the cognitive and communicative activity of students.
Conceptual foundations of the work of the school museum
The social project "Creation and work of the school museum" is a program of real actions, which is based on an urgent problem of society that needs to be addressed. The implementation of the project will contribute to the improvement of the social situation in a particular area, society. This is one of the ways to be included in public life through the practical solution of existing social problems. So the first thing we did was to identify the problem.
Problem: loss of interest among adolescents and young people in the study of the history of the Fatherland, the Great Patriotic War, the traditions of generations. Now this problem is one of the most urgent in our society.
Relevance: the study of the history of the Fatherland, the military and labor traditions of generations, the culture and moral foundations of one's own people is of great importance in the life of every person. Love for the "small Motherland" and its study lead to the knowledge of one's Motherland, the whole world. The museum significantly concretizes and deepens knowledge about the native land and its glorious heroes and workers.
One of the traditions of our school is organizing and holding meetings with veterans of the Great Patriotic War and labor veterans. The day before, students under the guidance of class teachers visit their homes, write down memories of wartime, collect documents, artifacts of the era. This is how interesting material accumulates. And since our school is located on the street named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Mikhail Alekseevich Guryanov, it was decided to collect material about M.A. Guryanov and his associates and present everything collected in the school museum.
The purpose of the project: to create and organize the work of the school Museum of military and labor glory named after the Hero of the Soviet Union M.A. Guryanov, which will contribute to the civil-patriotic, moral education of schoolchildren.
Project objectives:
- development of civic initiative and civic responsibility among students;
- acquisition by students of practical experience in research work;
- carrying out work on collecting material and exhibits for the museum, classifying materials, creating an exposition.
Methodology for the implementation of the social project "Creation and operation of the school museum"
In our work on the creation of the museum, we used various methods:
- conversation,
- questioning,
- collection of information,
- expeditions
- excursions,
- work with the Council of Veterans of the region.
Before starting work, we held conversations in classes, wanting to know “should there be a museum?”. The results showed that the museum in the school is needed and interesting for schoolchildren. The guys supported the proposal, and many wanted to contribute to the creation of the exposition.
We have decided on the algorithm for working on the project:
- Definition of the thematic field and the theme of the project. Clarification of contradictions, search and analysis of the problem, goal setting.
- Collection and study of information. Development of an algorithm for solving the problem in each specific case. Implementation of the action plan.
- Execution of planned technological operations. Current step-by-step quality control performed.
- Preparing to defend the project. Project presentation.
- Analysis of the results of the project, quality assessment.
Stages of work on the project "Creation and operation of the school museum"
1. Organizational stage of work on the creation of a school museum.
At this stage, only the main areas of work and activities are planned. The plan helps to systematize, direct the work, but does not make it formal, does not fetter the initiative and does not place unjustified restrictions. First we did:
- creation of an initiative group of 5-6 students (preferably older ones) under the guidance of an adult (the head of the museum). This is the Council of the Museum, each member of which takes on one of the areas of its activity (search work, exhibition design, lecture and tour work, the creation of a data bank, the creation of a museum page on the school's website on the Internet);
- since it can be difficult for children to start from scratch, at least a small backlog is needed, so the head of the museum first creates a mini-base. In our case, such a backlog was the materials collected at meetings with participants in the war, the Council of Veterans of the Pechatniki district, letters of inquiry to various archives of Moscow, the Moscow region, the Kaluga region to search for information about the partisan detachment of the Ugodsko-Zavodsky district (now the city of Zhukov ), which was led by the commissar of the partisan detachment M.A. Guryanov.
At the first stage, it is most reasonable to involve high school students in the work, dividing them into small groups according to areas of activity and working with each of them separately.
Motivation of activity is of decisive importance for the fate of the entire project at the first stage of work. The head of the museum should pay special attention to this issue. Children should see the results of their efforts and be confident in the importance of the work being done. In our school, trips to the place of death of M.A. were of great importance. Guryanov in the city of Zhukov, Kaluga region. Children visited the grave of the hero, the museum of the famous commander G.K. Zhukov.
2. Search stage
In search work on this topic, gradation is also needed. For example, you can select sections such as "Compatriots-Veterans", "Home Front Workers", "Children and War", etc. To begin with, it is important to choose one topic of search work, gradually adding new ones. We started with the topic “Veterans - residents of our region during the Great Patriotic War”, since there are fewer and fewer participants and witnesses of those events every year, the risk of irretrievably losing the opportunity to find out the real facts of those difficult and heroic times is growing. Biographical material, memoirs, personal belongings, photographs of 40 participants in the Great Patriotic War were collected; their battle path is described. The guys received valuable material about the fate of fellow countrymen who died at the front on the Memorial website of the Russian Ministry of Defense.
3. Stage of systematization of material and documentation of exhibits
The collected search material must be systematized and properly formatted. Documentation of exhibits is carried out in three forms:
- acquisition of funds;
- stock work;
- creation of a museum exposition.
The work of the school museum: acquisition of funds
Acquisition of funds is one of the most time-consuming types of work of the school museum. It can be conditionally divided into 4 main actions.
The first step is planning the acquisition.
The choice of theme and objects is carried out depending on the intended profile and capabilities of the museum. There are several ways to complete:
- Thematic - a method associated with the study of any historical process, event, person, natural phenomenon and the collection of sources of information about them.
- Systematic - a method used to create and replenish collections of the same type of museum items: dishes, furniture, clothes.
- Current - receiving individual museum items from the donor, purchases, random finds.
The second step is the direct search and collection of material.
The following methods are used:
- collection of oral evidence (survey of the population, questioning, interviewing);
- correspondence with people;
- meeting interesting people;
- receiving gifts from family collections;
- work with information in libraries, archives;
- expeditions.
One of the basic principles of any search and research work is the principle of complexity. Following it, students strive to explore the topic from all sides, try to connect the events under study with general historical processes, identify their characteristic features, find out the reliability of the information received, the role of individual participants in these events. It is very important to teach children to collect and record information about those processes that are the subject of search and collection work.
The third step is to identify and collect objects for exposure.
Each participant involved in the organization and work of the school museum must remember the responsibility for the safety of the found and collected monuments of history and culture: it is important to preserve not only the object itself, but also the information collected about it, about its origin. Also, the children must comply with the legal requirements related to the collection and preservation of historical and cultural monuments, i.e. they do not need to take from the owners those items that the museum does not have the right to store: jewelry, orders, weapons, even if the owners want to transfer them to the museum .
The fourth step is the inclusion of the collected material in the museum fund.
It is important to determine the historical value of the exhibit, its emotional and educational impact on the viewer. For accounting and scientific description of the collected materials, as well as for obtaining versatile information about them, field description and accounting documents are used. These include:
- "Deed of Acceptance"
- "Field Diary"
- "Field Description"
- "Notebook for recording memories and stories",
- books of account of museum items ("Inventory book").
The inventory book is the main document for accounting, scientific description and storage of school museum exhibits. It can be made by the schoolchildren themselves from a large thick notebook or book in a strong binding. The book is graphed, stitched along the spine with strong threads, the sheets are numbered in the upper right corner of the front side of each corner. At the end of the book, a confirmation inscription is made about the number of numbered sheets. Recording and firmware of the book are sealed with a school seal.
4. Stage of organization of work on the museum exposition
Exposition in the work of the school museum
The exposition of the museum is presented on display in a certain system of museum exhibits. The procedure for organizing work on it was developed in 2004 by the Federal Museum of Vocational Education. The result of the exposition should be the achievement of maximum awareness in combination with imagery and emotionality.
If we compare the work of the school museum with an iceberg, then the exposition is only a small visible part of it. Therefore, we can confidently assert that the creation of an exhibition is a complex creative and technological process that requires a creative approach, experiment, and the efforts of a whole team of like-minded people.
The design of the exposition and work on the individual stages of its creation can be represented as follows:
- Concept: thematic structuring of the exposition, development of an extended thematic structure and drawing up a thematic exposition plan. We have developed the content and sketches of stands for the design of the premises. The expositions reflect the main stages and battles of the Great Patriotic War: "The Beginning of the War". “Get up, huge country, get up for mortal combat”, “Battle for Moscow”, “Battle of Stalingrad”, “Kursk Bulge”, “Liberation of Europe. Battle for Berlin”, “Partisan Movement”, “Hero of the Soviet Union M.A. Guryanov", "Divisions of the people's militia", "Youth, scorched by the war", "War does not have a woman's face", "Veterans of our region", "To remember ..." (in memory of the terrorist act in 1999 on Guryanov Street ).
- Drawing up an art project: preliminary layout of materials.
- Implementation of the technical project: installation of the exposition.
According to the form of presentation, expositions are stationary and temporary, and according to the principles of the structural organization of the displayed material - thematic, systematic, monographic and ensemble.
- Thematic exposition includes museum items that reveal one theme.
- Systematic is an exposition series created on the basis of homogeneous museum objects, in accordance with a specific scientific discipline.
- monographic the exposition is dedicated to any person or group, natural phenomenon or historical event.
- Ensemble involves the preservation or recreation of an ensemble of museum objects, objects of nature in the usual environment: "open-air museum", "peasant's hut".
The choice of one or another form of exposition, the principles of systematization of exposition materials depends on the concept of the museum, on the composition of the funds, on the creative imagination of the museum staff.
The basis of the exposition is a museum item, and its structural unit is the thematic-exposition complex. So, on the theme of the Great Patriotic War, the basis of the composition are soldier's helmets, shell casings, a sapper's shovel found near Moscow. Thematic composition - "Battle near Moscow".
Not individual exhibits, different in content and subject, not continuous rows of the same type of materials, but a complex of clothing, documentary and other monuments, united thematically, becomes the main link in the exposition. For a more complete understanding of the events displayed in the exposition, scientific and auxiliary materials are introduced into it.
To enhance perception in the work of the school museum, you can use works of art, music, fragments of newsreels or films, lighting effects and color schemes, presentations and videos independently edited by schoolchildren. We have accumulated not only photographic material, but also video clips, dictaphone recordings of veterans' speeches.
The principle of thematic selection of exposition materials is most often used.
- Firstly, this is the inclusion in the exposition of those museum objects that are associated with certain phenomena and characterize their essential aspects.
- Secondly, the use of other exhibition materials of a scientific auxiliary nature for a comprehensive reflection of the essence of the phenomenon.
- Thirdly, the placement of thematically related exposition materials.
To implement the principle of logical connection of all sections of the exposition, a clear, elaborated route, concise headings and accompanying texts are needed. Not only a full-fledged scientific commentary can reveal the information potential of an individual object and the content of the exposition as a whole.
This role in the museum exposition is played by the headings that explain the texts, which are a holistic, well-thought-out system that reveals the content of the exposition. Each type of text has its own function:
- leading texts express the ideological orientation of the exposition, section, topic, hall, thus reflecting the main provisions of the scientific concept of the exposition;
- capital letters reflect the thematic structure of the exposition; their purpose is to give a guiding thread to its inspection;
- explanatory notes reveal the content of the exposition, section, topic, reflect the history of the exhibited collections;
- the label is attached to a separate exhibit, it indicates: the name of the item, the manufacturer of the work, the place and time of manufacture, a brief description of the exhibit, technical characteristics, original / copy.
To select materials for an exposition means to determine the composition of its exhibits in order to best reveal the topic.
The selection is carried out throughout the work on the exposition, and the final composition of the exhibits is fixed in the thematic and exposition plan. The systematic collection of materials makes it possible to obtain not isolated and fragmentary objects, but an organically interconnected exposition complex, reflecting a specific part of the entire exposition theme. The selection is preceded by the study of objects, the determination of their authenticity and reliability, authorship, etc.
Working conditions of the school museum
The selection of museum items is closely related to their grouping. You can group various items depending on the task. For example, showing family ties between phenomena, reflecting any events, comparing objects. One of the comparison methods is contrast display. The grouping of materials can also occur according to a systematic principle.
Grouping is also possible according to the principle of connecting various objects into logical groups as they existed in life, in their inherent environment of existence. It can be the interior of the room with all the objects characteristic of it. Such groupings in museum practice are called "ensemble exposition".
1. Technical and fire-prevention conditions for the functioning of the museum.
Preparing the premises for the museum is not an easy task. First of all, you need a room for expositions and a special room for storing funds.
When choosing an exposition area, you must be guided by the following rules:
- the room or hall should be located on the shady side of the building, so that direct sunlight does not fall into it. Windows must be covered with curtains. Fluorescent lamps and various lighting for showcases should be positioned so that the light falls from the viewer and at a certain distance from the exhibit. If the room is located on the sunny side, the windows should be darkened from the outside with green spaces;
- the room should be at a constant room temperature;
- to prevent dusting of the exhibits, it is necessary to place them in hermetic showcases, regularly carry out wet cleaning of the premises;
- the equipment must match the style of the exposition room,
- dimensions and color;
- the exposure should be placed at a safe distance from the heating system;
- it is necessary to provide fire-fighting conditions (fire extinguishers, sand containers)
2. Aesthetic conditions
- for school museums, we can recommend horizontal and vertical showcases fixed against the wall. Large things are located closer to the center, small things are closer to the viewer. In vertical display cabinets, small exhibits are located at eye level, and large items are placed above and below;
- showcases should not occupy the main space and obscure other exposition complexes;
- an exhibit placed on the floor is psychologically perceived as an inventory, so it is necessary to install it on a stand;
- the desire of school museums to place all available materials in the exposition leads to its oversaturation and weakening of the emotional impact. The multitude of items diminishes the value of each one.
3. Organizational and information conditions.
The ability to correctly present information has become as important an aspect of museum work as the preservation of exhibits.
The attention of schoolchildren is inevitably scattered when examining monotonous objects. It is necessary to take into account the psychological side of perception. First, the attention of the children must be attracted. To do this, the introductory, starting complex should be exciting, promising, arousing interest in viewing the exposition. When the attention of the audience is dulled, they should approach an unusual object or complex that again attracts attention.
This is where the most attractive exhibits, unique items, working models, presentations, and videos are needed. Such switching of attention should be called several times, depending on the age of the viewers and considering that the examination of the exposition lasts no more than 45 minutes.
The final final part of the exposition should complete the whole theme so that the viewer has a desire to visit the museum several more times, to join in a new search.
The work of the school museum: functional purpose
In the phrase “the work of the school museum”, the main word is the word museum. Like any other, it has the functions inherent in this social institution. The Regulations on the Museum of an educational institution define educational and documenting functions. The documenting function consists in the purposeful reflection in the museum collection of objects of those historical, social or natural phenomena that the museum studies in accordance with its profile.
The educational influence of the school museum on children and adolescents is most effectively manifested in the implementation of museum activities. The participation of schoolchildren in search and research work, the study, description of museum objects, the creation of an exposition, the holding of excursions, evenings, conferences contributes to filling their leisure time, mastering various techniques and skills of local history and museum work, helps to feel the history and problems of their native land "from the inside", to understand how much strength and soul their ancestors invested in the economy, culture, and defense of the region. This brings up respect for the memory of past generations, without which it is impossible to instill patriotism and love for one's Fatherland.
Museum historians distinguish the following museum forms of work with visitors:
- lecture;
- excursion;
- consultation;
- scientific readings;
- mugs;
- clubs;
- historical and literary evenings;
- meeting interesting people;
- holidays;
- concerts;
- contests, quizzes;
- historical games, etc.
Project "School Museum" The composition of the creative team for the project: 1. Mayorova OA - history teacher 2. Blokhin Svetlana - student of the 6th grade. 3. Knyazeva Elena - a student of the 6th grade. 4. Konkov Igor - a student of the 6th grade. 5. Pashkina Elena - student of the 6th grade. 6. Puchkova Svetlana - student of the 6th grade. 7. Ruchkin Ivan - student of the 6th grade. Creative Group
School Museum Project Organize a meeting. Acquaintance with the concept of "project", "project activity". Determining the theme of the project Drawing up a work plan for the group. Identification of the problem, setting goals and objectives of the project. Collecting information on the topic Primary processing of the information received Visiting the Voznesensky Historical Museum of Local Lore Intermediate results of the project. Determination of the structure of the organization of the school museum Collection of materials of historical value for the school museum of local lore. Description of the history of the collected materials Making a presentation on the project. Summing up the results of the work Drawing up a cost estimate for the creation of a school museum of local lore. Museum layout Key events
Project "School Museum" The main goal of the school museum: To form in students a sense of love for their native land and its past; The objectives of the museum: to study the history and culture of the native land; to acquaint with Russian national traditions and customs, with the interesting fate of fellow villagers. The areas of the museum's work include: Local history and search: search, processing, preservation of materials and information on the history and culture of the native land; Research: preparation and conduct of search expeditions in the vicinity of the native land; Excursion-cognitive: the use of the collected data and exhibits in the educational work of the school; Information and publishing: development of lectures, scenarios, methods; Methodical: creation of lecture groups on sections, expositions and themes of the museum; Editorial work
Project "School Museum" Questionnaire Dear participant of the survey! Our creative team is working on the theme "School Museum". We are very interested in your opinion on the following questions: Full name.____________________________________ 1. Does the school need a museum? 2. What direction should the school museum be: a). local history; b). museum of education; in). historical Museum; G). other ______________. 3. Would you like to have information about you in the school museum? 4. Are you ready to help in finding museum exhibits for the school museum? Indicate how your specific assistance will be expressed: a). photographs, photo albums; b). the documents; in). materials on the history of education; G). household items; e). other _________________. Thank you for your cooperation! Sociological survey
Project for schoolchildren on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory
On the paths of war "(work on the creation of a school military history museum)
Author of the project: Teacher of history and social studies of the MBOU "Novoogarevskaya secondary school No. 19" Kirakosyan Melanya Andreevna.
What to teach and how to educate, how to teach a child to love the Fatherland? This question has long been faced by the teaching staff. The task was to reveal the meaning of the words "Motherland", "patriot", "patriotism", "citizenship". Therefore, in our school, the patriotic education of students is a systematic and purposeful activity to form a high patriotic consciousness in children through various forms of work with the student. But for a child, there is nothing more interesting than touching history himself, becoming a participant in it.
The modern social development of Russia has sharply set the task of spiritual rebirth of the nation. This issue has acquired particular relevance in the field of patriotic education of youth. The program of patriotic and civic education of youth is increasingly defined as one of the priorities in modern youth policy.
Project goals:
education of a patriot-citizen of Russia
increasing students' interest in studying the history of their small homeland
development of creative and research potential of students
Project objectives:
To acquaint students with the work of the search squad "Heritage".
Involve students in the collection of material about the Second World War.
Organize systematic work with veterans of the village.
The ideas of patriotism, especially in their highest manifestation - readiness to defend the Motherland, have always occupied one of the leading places in the formation of the younger generation. And now, more than ever, the history of the heroic past of the peoples of Russia is becoming a particularly important factor in patriotic education.
The education of patriotism is the education of love for the Fatherland, devotion to it, pride in its past and present. But this is impossible without creating a system for the formation of interest in the history of one's country and not just interest, but cognitive activity. The school museum becomes the center for the implementation of such a system.
The school museum is traditionally one of the means of patriotic education, since it has a huge educational potential.
The school museum has specific, unique features of the educational impact on students. Contacts with the museum enrich the educational process, expand the range of tools used by the school. The museum is necessary for the full-fledged teaching of such subjects as the culture of the native land and history, which contribute to the education of patriotism. That is why we decided to open a military history museum at Novoogarevskaya School No. 19.
The guys are quite actively collecting material for our future museum, they are interested in studying the military history of the village and the Shchekino region as a whole. The school has its own traditions. Every year, meetings are held with veterans of the Great Patriotic War, class hours, lessons of courage, conversations at which the children learn about the facts, events, dates associated with the immense suffering of the great courage of the people during the Great Patriotic War.
Also, together with our teacher, head of the “Heritage” detachment Andrei Petrovich Marandykin, students constantly participate in the opening of the Memory Watch. Thanks to this, we have a lot of information about the dead soldiers.
Continuing search engines organize exhibitions of their findings for the past season. Our guys took part in the burials of the remains of soldiers in the villages of Zakharovka, the village of Krapivna and other places in the Shchekino region, as well as in the Belevsky region, Oryol and Kaluga regions.
The results of this work should become system-forming in educational work, and museum pedagogy should become a powerful educational tool. Our idea of creating a museum was preceded by the painstaking work of the Heritage squad.
For the students of our school, the creation of the museum will be a new opportunity for their creativity, self-realization and socialization.
The creation of our museum is divided into several stages:
1. Collection of information about the work of the club "Heritage", about the historical facts of the Second World War on the territory of the Shchekino region.
2. Organization of meetings with veterans - residents of the village.
3. Formation of the main fund of the museum from materials provided by the search team "Heritage"
4. Documentation of the museum.
5. The opening of the hall, dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War.
To date, the first three points have already been successfully implemented. The work continues.
My city
- young ecologists - to the city.
Introduction
1.1 Background
historical;
natural science;
picture gallery;
memorial museum;
technological;
ecological .
Museum-exposition (exhibition).
Museum-workshop (studio).
Museum - laboratory.
The museum is a club, the museum is a theater.
The museum is an adaptation center.
The museum is a tour desk.
The museum is a playroom.
museum cafe
Museum - Fair
Acquisition of funds;
stock work;
Creation of the museum exposition;
attractiveness
expressiveness
correspondence with people;
meeting interesting people;
expeditions.
Excursion;
Consultation;
Scientific readings;
Meetings with interesting people;
holidays;
Concerts;
Contests, quizzes;
Historical games, etc. .
Museum exposition
Thematic exposition
Systematic exposure
Monographic exposition
Ensemble exposition
3.
Stages of activity | Estimated result |
||
Choice of premises (class) Purchase of furniture; | |||
Choice of search directions; | School line |
||
Creation of an asset, museum council | Distribution of duties; asset study; | ||
stock work | |||
Exhibition activity | Creation of artistic sketch of the future exposition; Performance technical project; Installation of the exposition; | ||
Museum opening |
2. 4. Conclusion
Applications
Attachment 1
dated 12.03.03
№ 28-51-181/16
General provisions
Basic concepts
Museum exposition;
Museum functions
Annex 2
Carrying out on the basis of the museum . 1 time per quarter.
1.
2. (September October), excursions for middle management (December, February b) and senior management (April May).
3. 1 time per quarter.
4. Design development "The world through the eyes of the eighty". 1 time per month
Project participants:
Objective of the project:
Project objectives:
Project description:
“There is such a profession - to defend the Motherland”
The purpose of the lesson:
Lesson objectives:
During the classes:
"Defender of the Fatherland Day".
Newspaper Pravda
1922 . January 27
Preservation of historical and cultural heritage by organizing the work of school museums
Head of the School Museum MBOU Irkutsk Secondary School No. 80: Ivanova Elena Yurievna
Since 1997, the IUK "Museum of the History of the City of Irkutsk" has been holding an annual scientific and practical conference " My city”, in which schoolchildren-local historians of the Irkutsk region take part.
The following sections are held within the framework of the conference:
- problems of studying and popularizing the cultural and historical heritage of the city of Irkutsk;
Problems of study and popularization of monuments of culture and history of Irkutsk;
- problems of studying and popularizing the national cultures of the Angara region;
- problems of studying and popularizing the literary heritage of the Angara region
- young ecologists - to the city.
Every year more than 100 schoolchildren from the cities of Irkutsk, Shelekhov, Angarsk, settlements of the Irkutsk-Selo region take part in the conference.
1. It is very important, when talking about the history of the Little Motherland, to talk about “The history of my family in the history of my city”, “The history of my house”, “The history of the street”, “The history of my suburb”, “The history of the school”. The history of the school can be told in the form of expositions in the exhibition halls of the school museum.
2. Extracts from the essay "School museum as a form of educational work":
Introduction
At present, interest in local history has increased, i.e. complex study of the native land in various aspects: natural-geographical, cultural, historical. Many teachers in their classroom and extracurricular activities are increasingly turning to the problem of using local history material in order to form knowledge, skills and value orientations, develop creative abilities, and cultivate respect for the culture and history of their native land. Academician D.S. Likhachev said: “If a person does not like to look at least occasionally at old photographs of his parents, does not appreciate the memory of them ... - then he does not love them. If a person does not like old streets, even if they are inferior, then he does not have love for his city. If a person is indifferent to the monuments of the history of his country, he is, as a rule, indifferent to his country."
Understanding the enormous possibilities of education and "upbringing in history" led to the realization of the active participation of teachers themselves and their pupils in local history research. The subject of local history research is extensive: the history of the family, family traditions, the history of streets, villages, villages, churchyards, temples, enterprises, institutions. How to preserve this unique material for contemporaries and posterity, how to use the result of search activity to form knowledge, skills, value orientations, how to develop the creative abilities of students on the basis of it, to instill in them respect for the culture and history of their native land? We believe that a school museum is a worthy place for storing, using, popularizing, exhibiting, studying the results of search and local history activities. The idea of creating a museum comes in the process of long-term local history work, when the accumulated material requires registration, systematization, placement. How to organize the work of the museum? Museum as a form of educational work. The joint activity of pupils and educators in creating a school museum is clothed in certain organizational forms, which in pedagogy are designated as forms of educational work.
1. Museum of an educational institution as a bright phenomenon of national culture and education
1.1 Background
The concept of "museum" was introduced into the cultural life of mankind by the ancient Greeks. The origins of this concept must be sought in the phenomenon of collecting. Already at the dawn of its history, mankind collected and sought to preserve all kinds of objects: literary and scientific texts, zoological and botanical herbariums, art paintings, natural rarities, the remains of ancient animals. Museums appeared in Russia in the era of Peter I. Opening the first Russian museum in 1917, he set the goal: "I want people to watch and learn."
By the end of the 18th century, public expositions were created in Russia in order to educate the majority of visitors. At the end of the 19th century, about 150 museums with public expositions were created in Russia for the purpose of education (museum of technology, crafts, instruments). In Russia, there is actually a museum-educational tradition. The new visual method of teaching within the walls of the museum is warmly supported by K.D. Ushinsky, N.A. Korf.
In 1864, a completely new type of museum appeared in St. Petersburg - the Pedagogical Museum. The basis of his collection was visual aids on public education. At the beginning of the 20th century, in connection with the rise of the local history movement in Russia, the opening of public museums, created on the initiative of the public, and operating on a voluntary basis, gained wide scope. Public museums are being created at cultural bodies, in schools, and at enterprises. These are museums of Military Glory, Labor Glory, museums dedicated to the leaders of the Communist Party, which are assigned the status of a political and educational institution. In connection with the change in the socio-political and economic life of Russia, these public museums were closed, leaving a lot of practical experience in the creation, organization of activities, and the structure of public museums. The increased needs of Russian society for the study and preservation of Russian culture, Russian traditions, the history of large and small cities, villages, schools, the fate of people, families, dynasties contribute to the revival of such a social institution as public museums.
In different periods of the history of our country, children's and school museums experienced ups and downs. Also, researches devoted to the peculiarities of school museums, their main functions, and areas of work experienced ups and downs. Currently, a "museum boom" is being experienced in connection with the search in Russia for a nationally unifying idea, which underlies the education of a citizen of the new Russia. Teachers and museologists assign a large role in this search to museums as the keepers of the social memory of generations.
The legal basis for the activities of school museums is the Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 28-51-181 / 16 dated March 12, 2003. "On the activities of museums of educational institutions", "Instructions for accounting and storage of museum funds in museums working on a voluntary basis", Order of the Ministry of Culture of the USSR of 12.03.1988.
In the modern sense, a museum is:
An institution engaged in collecting, studying and exhibiting objects - monuments of history, material and spiritual culture, as well as educational and popularization activities;
A treasure vault, a research institute and an educational institution at the same time;
Place of information exchange of representatives of different ethnic groups, generations, ages, professions, etc. .
The museum is understood as an institution that collects, stores and demonstrates objects of history and culture.
1.2 Features of the school museum
The term "school museum" is generic. School museums, in essence, include all public museums created with the active participation of students.
Those who create a museum are also its main "consumers" or "users". This distinguishes the school museum from many other museums, including state and departmental ones, which are created by one group of people for others.
1.3 Profiles and genres of school museums
The profile of the museum is the specialization of the museum collection and the activities of the museum. The profile of the school museum depends on the chosen direction of exploratory research activities. Museum historians distinguish the following profiles:
historical;
natural science;
picture gallery;
memorial museum;
technological;
ecological .
To the genres of museums, well-known museologists E.L. Galkin and M.Yu. Yukhnevich include the following:
Museum-exposition (exhibition). The exposition of the museum is a more or less established complex of objects, as a rule, inaccessible for interactive use (closed showcases and cabinets, rigid hanging). The exposition space is strictly localized, it is used mainly for conducting excursions on a certain, rather limited topic. Museum material is involved in the educational process mainly as an illustration. In school conditions, such a museum often becomes a fact of prestige, extracurricular, circle, leisure activities are minimally represented.
Museum-workshop (studio). The exposition space is built in this museum in such a way that it necessarily contains working areas for creative activity. Sometimes such a museum is located in classrooms where technology lessons are held, or in art workshops. Expositions can also be dispersed in separate rooms. All this contributes to the organic inclusion of the museum in the educational process.
Museum - laboratory. This genre is very close to the museum-workshop. The difference lies in the nature of the collection, on the basis of which the museum operates. These are collections of a natural science and technical profile, usually very extensive. Some of them are placed in subject rooms. The exposition space includes research laboratories and equipment.
The museum is a club, the museum is a theater. The exposition of this genre, as a rule, is quite compact and static, and serves as a support for the developed forms of club and circle activities. It is organically included in the work of the school theater, becoming the basis for teaching regional studies, studying the culture, customs, language of a particular people.
The museum is an adaptation center. This is a museum with a clearly defined socio-psychological task - to create an atmosphere of psychologically comfortable communication. Most often, the head of such a museum is a psychologist who works with children from dysfunctional families, with adolescents with developmental disabilities. It is important that the work of the museum be carried out according to a specially developed, long-term program that takes into account the specifics of the audience.
We will very briefly try to outline the possibilities of the following three genres, whose activities are not only of humanitarian importance, but are also directly related to the new economic realities, since they can help improve the financial situation of both schools and students.
The museum is a tour desk. The creation of such a museum is possible on the basis of active local history research in the field of history and culture of a particular region. The accumulated information can become the basis of a school excursion bureau, which develops local history topics and offers this "product" to educational institutions in its area. The creation of such a museum is possible on the basis of the introduction of an elective course in "Tour guide" into the school curriculum.
The museum is a playroom. This is a museum of games and toys, some of which were brought from home, but the main ones were made by children. On the basis of these collections, the museum asset and teachers conduct theatrical classes with younger schoolchildren, after-school groups, and also offer field performances to nearby kindergartens and schools. A necessary condition for the activity of such a museum is the study of the history of the production and existence of toys.
museum cafe it is most appropriate to organize in schools or vocational schools where future cooks are trained. It is important to expand this activity so that the culture of cooking is connected with the history, national holidays and customs of a particular people, and museum visitors bring the joy of informal communication to all participants.
Museum - Fair simultaneously serves as a shopping and recreational center. He can take over the sale of any type of product made by students in the workshops of his own or neighboring schools. When organizing trade fairs, traveling promotions related to participation in holidays or evenings, schoolchildren have the opportunity to try themselves in such relevant roles as a commercial agent or marketing specialist. This determines the prospect of creating such museums in schools focused on teaching such professions.
When choosing the profile and genre of a school museum, it is necessary to take into account the real needs of a particular school. It seems obvious that the more closely the profile of the museum is connected with the specifics of the school, the more diverse the genres used by it, the more functional and in demand it is, the wider the field of its activity, the numerous assets and the more intense the connection with specialists and the local community. In reality, each school museum is a kind of conglomerate, a synthesis of various profile characteristics and genres.
1.4 Purpose, tasks, prerequisites for the creation of a school museum
A museum in an educational institution is created "for the purpose of educating, educating and socializing students." The school museum is designed to form a steady interest in acquiring new knowledge on the history of the native land, to cultivate the desire and willingness to independently study the history of the native land, to form the skills of research work with local history literature, archival materials, written and oral sources. Only a museum has an emotional, informational impact and can introduce students to the material, cultural, spiritual values of their native land, carry out patriotic education on the examples of heroic struggle, exploits, and service to the country.
1.5 Functions of the school museum in three forms:
Acquisition of funds;
stock work;
Creation of the museum exposition;
A museum object is a monument of history and culture, withdrawn from its environment, passed through all the stages of scientific processing and included in the museum collection. The main thing for a museum object is its semantic meaning, artistic value or information potential. All museum items have a number of properties. It is informative, attractive, expressive.
Informativeness of the museum object- consideration of the museum object as a source of information.
attractiveness- the ability of an object to attract attention by its external features or its artistic and historical value.
expressiveness- the expressiveness of the subject, its ability to have an emotional impact.
Representativeness (representativeness) - the uniqueness of the item in relation to similar items.
All museum items are divided into three groups:
material (clothing, household items, personal items);
fine art (paintings, sculpture, graphics);
written (documents in all media).
The totality of museum items is the collections of the museum. Acquisition of funds is one of the main activities of the museum in an educational institution:
Thematic acquisition - a method of acquisition associated with the study of any historical process, event, person, natural phenomenon and the collection of sources of information about them;
Systematic acquisition - a method used to create and replenish collections of the same type of museum items: dishes, furniture, clothes;
Acquisition "hot on the heels of events" - the acceptance of collecting work on the spot at the time of an event or immediately after it;
The current acquisition - the receipt of individual museum items from the donor, purchases, random finds.
The second stage: search and collection work. There are methods of search and research activities:
collection of oral evidence (survey of the population, questioning, interviewing);
correspondence with people;
meeting interesting people;
receiving gifts from family collections;
work in libraries, archives;
expeditions.
One of the basic principles of any search and research work is the principle of complexity. Following this principle, young local historians should try to comprehensively explore the topic, strive to connect the studied events with general historical processes, see their characteristic features, establish the reliability of the information received, and understand the role of individuals in these events. Every local historian must remember the responsibility for the safety of the identified and collected monuments of history and culture: it is important to preserve not only the monument itself, but also the revealed information about it, about its history.
Also, schoolchildren must comply with legal requirements related to the collection, preservation of historical and cultural monuments, i.e., it is not advisable to take from the owners those items that the museum does not have the right to store: jewelry, orders, firearms and edged weapons. It is very important to be able to collect and record the necessary information about those processes that are the subject of search and collection work.
For accounting and scientific description of the collected monuments of history and culture, as well as versatile information about them, field documents of description and accounting are used. These include: "Reception Act", "Field Diary", "Field Description", "Notebook for Recording Memories and Stories", accounting books for museum items ("Inventory Book").
Museum historians distinguish the following museum forms:
Excursion;
Consultation;
Scientific readings;
Historical and literary evenings;
Meetings with interesting people;
holidays;
Concerts;
Contests, quizzes;
Historical games, etc. .
1.6 Exposition of the school museum
The individual face of the museum is the exposition. Museum exposition- these are museum objects (exhibits) put on display in a certain system. The procedure for organizing work on the museum exposition was developed in 2004 by the Federal Museum of Vocational Education. The result of the exposition should be the achievement of maximum awareness in combination with imagery and emotionality. If we compare a museum with an iceberg, then the exposition is only that small visible part of it. Therefore, we can say with confidence that the creation of an exhibition is a complex creative and technological process, which, of course, requires an innovative approach, experiment, and the efforts of a whole team of like-minded people.
The design of the exposition and the implementation of individual stages for its creation can be represented as follows:
Concept: scientific concept and thematic structure of the exposition.
Development of an extended thematic structure; drawing up a thematic exposition plan.
Drawing up an art project: preliminary layout of materials.
Implementation of the technical project; exposition installation.
According to the form of presentation, the expositions are divided into stationary and temporary, but according to the principles of the structural organization of the displayed material, they are divided into thematic, systematic, monographic and ensemble.
Thematic exposition includes museum items that reveal one theme.
Systematic exposure is an exposition series created on the basis of homogeneous museum objects, in accordance with a specific scientific discipline.
Monographic exposition dedicated to any person or group, natural phenomenon or historical event.
Ensemble exposition involves the preservation or reconstruction of an ensemble of museum items, objects of nature in the environment of existence: "open-air museum", "peasant's hut".
The choice of one or another form of exposition, the principles of systematization of exposition materials depend on the concept of the museum, on the composition of the funds, on the creative imagination of the museum staff.
The objectivity and visibility of the exposition, the emotionality of perception contribute to attracting the attention of visitors to individual objects, and through them - the desire to know the event. This can be achieved using various methodological approaches. Among them is the selection of the leading exhibits (by color, light and background size), one should also take into account the properties of the objects themselves, their different ability to attract attention. Now theatricalization, installation of a museum exposition have become the most popular.
The attention of schoolchildren weakens when examining monotonous exhibits. At the same time, it is important to take into account the psychological side of perception. The first step is to get the attention of the children. To do this, the introductory complex should be exciting, promising, stimulating interest in viewing the exposition. After 15-20 minutes, when the attention of schoolchildren becomes dull, they should approach an unusual object or complex that arouses new interest. This is where the most attractive exhibits, unique objects, working models, slide shows are needed. Such a switch of attention should be called after 10-15 minutes, given that the examination of the exposition lasts no more than 45 minutes. The final final complex should complete the whole topic so that the student has a desire to visit the exposition several more times, to join in a new search.
To implement the principle of logical connection of all sections of the exposition, a clear route, clear and concise headings and leading texts are needed. Not only a full-fledged scientific commentary can reveal the information potential of the subject and the content of the exposition as a whole. This role in the museum exposition is played by leading, title, explanatory texts and labeling, which are an integral, well-thought-out system that maximizes the disclosure of the content of the exposition. Each type of text has its own function:
Leading texts express the ideological orientation of the exposition, section, theme, hall, thus reflecting the main provisions of the scientific concept of the exposition;
Title texts reflect the thematic structure of the exposition; their purpose is to give a guiding thread to its inspection;
Explanatory texts (annotations) reveal the content of the exposition, section, topic, reflect the history of the exhibited collections;
A label or annotation is attached to a separate exhibit, it indicates: the name of the item, the manufacturer of the work, the place and time of manufacture, a brief description of the exhibit, technical characteristics, original / copy.
The selection of museum items is closely related to their grouping. You can group various items depending on the task. For example, showing family ties between phenomena, reflecting any events, comparing objects, comparing them. One of the types of comparison is the method of contrast display. So, in school museums you can find thematic complexes "Our land before and now", "Past and present of the village." The grouping of materials can also occur according to a systematic principle. The systematic collection of stones and minerals placed on display makes it possible to get a visual idea of their significance for the development of the region, to understand the relationship between minerals, their natural grouping. Grouping is also possible according to the principle of connecting various objects into logical groups as they were in life, in their inherent environment of existence. It can be the interior of a room with all the objects characteristic of it, a biogroup with flora and fauna in certain climatic conditions. Such groupings in museum practice are called "ensemble exposition" using various methods of grouping, combining them depending on the task.
The equipment must match the exhibition space in style, size and color. For school museums, we can recommend horizontal and vertical showcases fixed against the wall. Large things are located closer to the center, small things are closer to the viewer. In vertical display cabinets, small exhibits are located at eye level, and large items are placed above and below. Showcases should not occupy the main space and obscure other exposition complexes.
An exhibit placed on the floor is psychologically perceived as an inventory, so it is necessary to place it on a stand.
1.7 Council (asset) of the museum as a self-governing body
The public self-governing body of the school museum is the Council (asset) of the museum, which is created to widely involve students and teachers in conscious, purposeful activities to create a museum.
2.1 Organizational principles for the creation of a museum
Creating a psychological mood: an incendiary story about the upcoming business, dreams of results - opening a museum, publishing a wall newspaper, writing an unusual announcement.
2.2 Museum of the history of the school in MBOU secondary school No. 80 in Irkutsk
The initiative group for the creation of this school museum was a local history circle of students, led by a teacher of the Russian language and literature of school No. 80 Voitseshko Elena Andreevna (and later Ivanova Elena Yurievna, teacher of Russian language and literature, teacher of additional education) took matters into her own hands. As a result of the search work, members of the circle collected local history material on the history of the school (photographs, personal belongings, memoirs of graduates, documents). Some of the written and material sources on the history of the school are on display at the stands: "School in the 30s", "Semyon Afanasyevich Skarednev", "Speech about Teachers", "Pioneer Organization at School No. 80 in Irkutsk", "School Theater ". Part of the collected material is systematized in thematic folders: "School teachers", "School students", "History of a literary circle", "Creative works of students in local history", "A feat that we will not forget." School activists, together with the organizing teacher, identified problems and outlined ways to solve them:
1. Patriotic education of the younger generation: at present, among the youth, a craving for Western culture has become more and more noticeable. They often do not know their origins enough, and therefore, many representatives of the younger generation treat everything Russian with disdain. Engaging in local history work arouses in schoolchildren an interest in our origins, in our native land, in the ancestral occupations of their ancestors. By creating an exposition dedicated to the history of the school, the task is to acquaint museum visitors with the pages of the history of the school and the city.
2. Popularization of materials accumulated by school teachers. For several years, school teachers have accumulated a lot of interesting material on the history of the school, the city. All this can be successfully used in the educational process, so the material should not be stored in the "far corner", you need to make it accessible to people: tell what we heard during the search work, show objects of museum significance found and received from old-timers.
The exposition of the museum, objects of museum significance are presented and stored in a room specially designated for this purpose - an office, consisting of three adjacent rooms.
At the school, on the basis of the collected material on the history of the city, the school creates research projects, the authors of which are students and teachers. For example, "Outstanding graduates of school No. 80", "History of the school theater", etc.
Museum lessons, excursions, talks, quizzes, class hours are held in the museum.
The school museum does not have a long-term plan for the acquisition of the museum fund, the directions of the museum's work, but the process of registering museum objects and registration documents is developing; there are basic legal documents that regulate the interaction of participants - the founders of the museum (Regulations on the Museum, Regulations on the Council, the Charter of the Museum). Therefore, one of the tasks of our research work was the creation of a project for organizing a museum of an educational institution.
3. 3. Model for creating a school museum:
Stages of activity | Estimated result |
||
Creation of the concept of the school history museum in | The concept is a unique and long-term program of activities to create a museum. Definition of the purpose, tasks, factors of creation of the museum; - Select profile and genre; - Determination of directions of search and research activities. | The concept is being discussed and approved by the school's self-governing bodies. |
|
Organizational and legal activities | Development of the draft Regulations on the School Museum; Development of a draft Regulation on the Museum Council; Choice of premises (class) to accommodate the museum exposition, to store the museum funds; Development of a draft order of the director of the school on the appointment of the head of the museum; Purchase of furniture; Purchase of stationery; | Adoption of the Regulations on the Museum, Regulations on the Council of the Museum in the self-governing bodies of the school; An order to appoint the head of the museum, an order to allocate a separate room for the school museum and its funds; |
|
Search and research activities | Drawing up a plan for the acquisition of museum funds; Choice of search directions; Development of tasks for search teams; Organization of search parties; Training of members of search parties; Start of the search operation (on the school line) | Plan for acquisition of museum funds; Conducting class meetings to select members of the search teams; The work of search teams to carry out search tasks; School line |
|
Creation of an asset, museum council | Conducting class meetings at the choice of the Council (asset); Organizational fee of the Council (asset) of the museum; Distribution of duties; asset study; | The created Council (asset) of the museum works in accordance with the Regulations on the Council (asset) of the museum; Meeting of the Museum Council once a month; The work plan of the Council (asset) of the museum; |
|
stock work | Study of a group of fundraisers on the rules and norms of registration of museum items; Registration of items of museum significance in the books of the main fund, auxiliary fund Thematic systematization of museum collections; | Museum items are registered and described in the inventory books of the main and auxiliary funds; The beginning of the systematization of museum items; Decorated registered objects of museum value (Appendix) |
|
Exhibition activity | Development of thematic and exposition plan; Creation of artistic sketch of the future exposition; Performance technical project; Installation of the exposition; Technical preparation of the exposition (stands). | Approved thematic - exposition plan by the Museum Council; A competition for the best sketch of the future exposition was held; |
|
Museum opening |
2. 4. Conclusion
A school museum is a worthy place for storing, using, popularizing, exhibiting, studying the results of search and local history activities. The creation of a school museum is a form of educational work.
2. 5. List of used literature:
1. Bordovskaya N.V., Rean A.A. Pedagogy. M., 2001.
2. Zavgorodnyaya O.N. Museum of the history of an educational institution as a result and form of attracting students to search and research activities // Organization of research activities of students and students in an educational institution. Materials of the first regional correspondence scientific-practical conference and methodological seminar, January 2007. Vologda - Totma, - 2007.
3. Instructions for the accounting and storage of museum collections in museums operating on a voluntary basis. Order of the USSR Ministry of Culture dated March 25, 1988 No. No. 134.
4. How to organize the work of the school local history museum. Guidelines Perm Regional Museum of Local Lore, etc. - Perm, 1980.
5. Karpova O.B. School Museum: life in creativity. Methodological recommendations to help the organizers of museums of educational institutions. - Vologda, - 2006.
6. Malenkova L.I. Theory and methods of education: Proc. allowance for students ped. Universities and beginner teachers of educators / L.I. Malenkov; Under the editorship of P.I. piddly. - M.: Ped. Island of Russia, 2002.
7. Guidelines for identifying the selection and scientific description of monuments of science and technology in museum collections. / State Historical Museum. All-Russian Society for the Protection of Monuments. Comp. Zhegalova S.A., Maistrov L.E. - M., 1981.
8. Mikhailovskaya A.I. Storage and accounting of photographic collections in museums (from the experience of Moscow museums). // Questions of museum business. / Research Institute of Local Lore and Museum Work. - M., 1952.
9. Molchanov V. Photography in museum business. (Photoimitation of the original and photomodel). / Proceedings of the Research Institute of Culture, issue 60, - M., 1977, S.131 - 139.
10. Museum science. Museum of Historical Profile. - M., 1988.
11. Nagorsky N. Museum Pedagogy and Museum-Pedagogical Space // Pedagogy. - 2005. - No. 5.
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15. Letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated March 12, 2003 No. 28-51-181/16 "On the Activities of Museums of Educational Institutions".
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Applications
Attachment 1
Appendix to the letter of the Ministry of Education of Russia
dated 12.03.03
№ 28-51-181/16
EXAMPLE REGULATIONS ON THE MUSEUM OF AN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION (SCHOOL MUSEUM)
General provisions
The school museum (hereinafter referred to as the museum) is the general name of museums that are structural subdivisions of educational institutions of the Russian Federation, regardless of their form of ownership, operating on the basis of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education", and in terms of accounting and storage of funds - the federal law on the museum fund of the Russian Federation. Federation and museums of the Russian Federation.
The museum is organized for the purpose of education, training, development and socialization of students.
The profile and functions of the museum are determined by the tasks of the educational institution.
Basic concepts
The profile of the museum is the specialization of the museum collection and the activities of the museum, due to its connection with a specific specialized discipline, field of science or art.
A museum object is a monument of material or spiritual culture, an object of nature that has entered the museum and is recorded in the inventory book.
The museum collection is a scientifically organized set of museum objects and scientific auxiliary materials.
Acquisition of museum funds - the activities of the museum to identify, collect, record and scientifically describe museum items.
The inventory book is the main document for accounting museum items.
Exposition - museum items (exhibits) put on display in a certain system.
Organization and activities of the museum
The organization of a museum in an educational institution is, as a rule, the result of local history, tourism, excursion work of students and teachers. A museum is being created on the initiative of teachers, students, parents, and the public.
The founders of the museum is the educational institution in which the museum is organized. The founding document of the museum is an order on its organization, issued by the head of the educational institution in which the museum is located.
The activities of the museum are regulated by the charter (regulation) approved by the head of the educational institution.
Mandatory conditions for creating a museum:
Museum asset from among students and teachers;
Museum items collected and registered in the inventory book;
Premises and equipment for storage and display of museum items;
Museum exposition;
charter (regulation) approved by the head of this educational institution.
Accounting and registration of museums are carried out in accordance with the current rules.
Museum functions
The main functions of the museum are:
documenting the history, culture and nature of the native land, Russia by identifying, collecting, studying and storing museum items;
the implementation by museum means of activities for the education, training, development, socialization of students;
organization of cultural, educational, methodological, informational and other activities permitted by law;
development of children's self-government.
Accounting and ensuring the safety of museum funds
Accounting for museum items of the museum collection is carried out separately for the main and scientific auxiliary funds:
Accounting for museum objects of the main fund (genuine monuments of material and spiritual culture, objects of nature) is carried out in the inventory book of the museum;
Accounting for scientific auxiliary materials (copies, layouts, diagrams, etc.) is carried out in the accounting book of the scientific auxiliary fund.
The head of the educational institution is responsible for the safety of the museum funds.
Storage in museums of explosive, radioactive and other items that threaten the life and safety of people is strictly prohibited.
Storage of firearms and edged weapons, items made of precious materials and stones is carried out in accordance with applicable law.
Items, the preservation of which cannot be ensured by the museum, must be deposited in the nearest or specialized museum, archive.
Museum management
The general management of the museum activities is carried out by the head of the educational institution.
Direct management of the practical activities of the museum is carried out by the head of the museum, appointed by order of the educational institution.
The current work of the museum is carried out by the museum council.
In order to assist the museum, an assistance council or a board of trustees may be organized.
Reorganization (liquidation) of the museum
The issue of reorganization (liquidation) of the museum, as well as the fate of its collections, is decided by the founder in agreement with the higher education authority.
Annex 2
Inventory book of the school museum
Plan of work of the school museum in cooperation with the school newspaper and IGDOO in 2013-2014 academic year.
Head of direction: Ivanova Elena Yurievna
For successful mastery of knowledge and skills, the student must use creative methods in teaching (V.I. Andreev, P.R. Atutov, N.I. Babkin, Yu.K. Vasiliev, V.A. Polyakov, V.D. Simonenko and etc.). In order to form the necessary qualities in students in the learning process, methods related to the search, research nature of acquiring knowledge should be more widely used, and this is one of the main tasks of research conducted by a student in a museum.
One of the methods that make it possible to implement an activity approach in teaching is the method of projects, which contributes to the formation of responsible and creatively active, consciously expanding the scope of their own knowledge, skills and abilities of students who are continuously engaged in research work in the museums of educational institutions, including school museums.
In this regard, to implement the project method in the search work, we proceeded from the following:
- the inclusion of the project method creates conditions for improving the knowledge of the student;
- research organized according to the project method will contribute to the development of activity, independence, and initiative of students;
- the implementation of the project in the process of research activities gives the student the practice of implementing a creative project;
- the method of projects integrates teaching, educational, developmental aspects of learning.
The project method (from the Greek “path of research”) is a learning system, a flexible model of the organization of the process, focused on the creative self-realization of the developing personality of the student, the development of his intellectual and physical capabilities, volitional qualities and creative abilities in the process of creating new goods and services under the supervision of a teacher , possessing subjective or objective novelty, having practical significance.
Based on the above, the main method of work of the school museum in collaboration with the school newspaper and the Future of the Angara Region (hereinafter referred to as the Commonwealth) will be the method of project activity.
It is planned to create an asset on the basis of the Commonwealth, consisting of schoolchildren, teachers, students, which will implement the following types of projects during the year:
Carrying out on the basis of the museum thematic creative evenings of the author's song with the participation of invited guests - bards. From the very beginning of the development of the school museum, musical evenings were held within its walls. Today the museum has its own extensive photo-archive with photos of the concerts of these events. Currently, one of the activities of the school museum is learning to play the guitar and organizing regular concert programs for school teachers, students, and parents. Moreover, the head of the musical circle - a member of the museum's asset - is a graduate of the MBOU of Irkutsk, secondary school No. 80 Yarushchenkov Stanislav. Today there are 12 students under his supervision. All of them successfully master well-known author's songs, thus linking generations, and history seems to come to life under the strings of their guitars. The museum's activists decided that starting from the 2013-2014 academic year, the activities of this association will also be carried out as part of the implementation of projects. The nearest project is the organization of thematic evenings in the museum dedicated to the celebration of memorable dates for the history of the school, the Angara region, Russia . 1 time per quarter.
1. Project "Give a smile to children". Establishing joint activities with children from the home - boarding school No. 3 in Irkutsk, holding joint events, as well as with Irkutsk regional public organization of disabled children "Nadezhda", which is located next to the school - along Kasyanov street. 1 time per month - meetings (once in 2 weeks - a visit to the organization by schoolchildren).
2. Guided tours for elementary schools (September October), excursions for middle management (December, February b) and senior management (April May).
3. “There is such a profession - to defend the Motherland”. Excursions to the museums of the city and the region with members of the museum group in order to collect information and design new stands in the school museum of school No. 80. With the participation of the Council of Veterans of the Sverdlovsk Region. For example, a field trip with 6th grade students to the museum of A.P. Beloborodov, the regional museum of local lore, etc. 1 time per quarter.
4. Design development "The world through the eyes of the eighty". The main goal of this project: the development of a local history and tourism association on the basis of the school museum, whose tasks would include organizing trips, expeditions to memorable, historical or simply beautiful places in the Angara region, maintaining a photo archive and diary entries, which would eventually become the basis for creation of a local history corner in the school museum with changing exhibitions, classroom hours and open lessons for elementary schools. Ideally: the creation of short documentaries about the Irkutsk region on the basis of the school museum, which would make up the piggy bank of the school museum, holding regular tourist gatherings with school students and representatives of the Commonwealth, organizing trips with the subsequent design of information stands. 1 time per month
Project name: "Give a smile to children!"
Project participants: head of the school museum of the MBOU in Irkutsk, secondary school No. 80, asset of the school museum, students of school No. 80, parents, teachers of the school, pupils of orphanage No. 5 in Irkutsk.
Objective of the project: Development of cooperation between the School Museum of the MBOU in Irkutsk, secondary school No. 80 with the Irkutsk city children's public organization "The Future of Priangarye" and orphanages in Irkutsk, the creation of a solid platform for educating the civic position of students with a priority in a respectful attitude towards all segments of the population of the Russian Federation, a sensitive attitude to those in need, in the ability to lend a helping hand to those who need this help.
Project objectives:
1) Carrying out a school-wide action to collect toys and things that can be donated to an orphanage, restoration, formation of a fund for the purchase of gifts for children.
2) Master class on making toys with your own hands - angels.
3) Drawing up and rehearsing a congratulatory program for children from orphanages.
4) A trip to the orphanage, performances, games, tea drinking (during the academic year - by agreement, timed to coincide with the holidays or at the request of the museum asset).
4) Invitation of children from the orphanage to an excursion to the school museum of the MBOU in Irkutsk, secondary school No. 80, a sightseeing tour, keeping a diary of wishes, tea drinking, exchange of impressions (by agreement during the school year).
Project description:
1) The study of statistics "Abandoned Children" - a comparison of data on how many children today live in orphanages and how many adult working people in the Russian Federation today are an asset of the museum, interested involved students of the school.
2) Conducting a survey on the school - how students and teachers feel about the problem of abandoned children and how they advise to solve this problem. What can each of us do so that this problem is gradually exhausted. Collection of data in the archive of the school museum. Until the end of the school year - the placement of material in the school newspaper "School Time" with a conclusion, the creation of a corner in the museum "Parents and Children" - an asset of the museum, students.
3) Meeting with a representative of orphanage No. 5 on the street. Bezbokov, an agreement to organize a joint event at the end of December 2012 - the head of the museum, class teachers.
4) Conducting a conversation on the topic “Children and Parents” - what a happiness it is to have parents and how those children who live in orphanages are spiritually deprived, because there are not so many teachers, and not every teacher can replace real parental participation. Therefore, these children especially need the support and friendly participation of every caring citizen of the Russian Federation - class teachers.
4) Conducting a school-wide action to collect toys and things that can be donated to an orphanage, restoration, formation of a fund for the purchase of gifts for children - class teachers.
3) A master class on making toys with your own hands - angels - an asset of the museum, the head of the school museum.
4) Drawing up and rehearsing a congratulatory program for children from orphanages is an asset of the museum.
5) A trip to the orphanage, performance, games, tea drinking (during the academic year - by agreement, timed to coincide with the holidays or at the request of the museum's asset) asset of the museum, participants in the concert program, the head of the museum, class teachers.
6) Discussion at the meeting of the participants of the school museum of the action - the identification of the pros and cons, the development of a further cooperation program (after trips and concert programs) - the asset of the museum.
7) Inviting children from the orphanage on an excursion to the school museum of the MBOU in Irkutsk, secondary school No. 80, a sightseeing tour, keeping a diary of wishes, tea drinking, exchanging impressions (by agreement during the school year) - the asset of the museum.
8) Development and formation of the museum corner "Parents and Children" - the idea to put up for a project competition among school students, the winner draws up a corner according to his project. Keeping a diary of the commonwealth (appoint a responsible person from among the museum's assets) - an asset of the museum, the head of the school museum.
The plan is a summary of the lesson (as part of the project of the school museum of the MBOU in Irkutsk, secondary school No. 80 “There is such a profession - to defend the Motherland”).
A summary of the entire project "There is such a profession - to defend the Motherland": The preparation of the museum's assets for the celebration of the Defender of the Fatherland Day should begin long before the most memorable date. The school museum traditionally holds excursions for the middle level, during which the head of the museum, as well as representatives of the museum's assets and guides talk about the history of the school, about the first school days, about the opening and founders of the school museum itself. Of course, most of the excursion is occupied by the story of how school graduates fought for our Motherland. In the museum, a whole stand is dedicated to Semyon Afonasevich Skarednev, whose name School No. 80 bears. Most of the conversation is dedicated to him. Guys - guides read letters from the front and all those present are imbued with a sense of pride in their distant and at the same time very close "classmate".
In addition to excursions, the school museum also hosts class hours timed to coincide with the celebration of Defender of the Fatherland Day. One of the class hours - called “There is such a profession - to defend the Motherland” for the parallel of the 6th grade, we will present in this development.
The purpose of the lesson: To tell about the history of the appearance of the memorable date "Defender of the Fatherland Day", about the exploits of the heroes - graduates of the MBOU of Irkutsk, secondary school No. 80, to strengthen the feeling of patriotism and love for their level.
Lesson objectives:
1) Provide information in the form of a photo - presentation and voice-over commentary about the appearance of the memorable date "Defender of the Fatherland Day",
2) Conduct a conversation on the topic “Defender of the Fatherland is a profession or a way of life”,
3) Students read poems on a military theme;
4) Show the presentation "Semyon Skarednev - a graduate of school number 80. The feat of Semyon."
5) Students read excerpts from Semyon Skrednev's letter from the front home,
6) Closing remarks by a veteran of the Great Patriotic War invited to the event.
7) Students' questions to the veteran about his life, participation in the war, camaraderie, his attitude to the Russian army.
During the classes:
1. Opening remarks by the head of the museum, class teachers. How did the holiday come about?
In Russia, until 1917, the holiday of May 6, the Day of St. George the Patron of Russian soldiers, was traditionally considered the Day of the Russian Army. Since the beginning of the 90s, this holiday has been celebrated annually in Russia by the Russian Orthodox Church and military-patriotic, Cossack and public associations. On this Day, the soldiers of the Russian army participated in parades, on this day they awarded St. George's crosses and other awards, presented and consecrated the Banners, and at the end they visited churches and commemorated all the soldiers who died for Russia.
On February 23, 1918, the Soviet government began to form the first detachments of the Red Army. At this time, Russia was at war with Germany.
The newspapers wrote: “The young detachments of the new army - the army of the revolutionary people - heroically repulsed the onslaught of the German predator armed to the teeth. Near Narva and Pskov, the German invaders were given a decisive rebuff. The day of rebuffing the troops of German imperialism - February 23 - became the birthday of the young Red Army.
The official name of the holiday at that time was: Day of the victory of the Red Army over the Kaiser troops of Germany, 1918. And today (since 1993) - the holiday is called "Defender of the Fatherland Day".
The Pravda newspaper reported on February 23, 1918:
The holiday began to be called the Day of the Red Army. And soon he was forgotten. Famine and devastation reigned in the country. The celebration of the "red" day was resumed in 1922. On January 27 of this year, the decision of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the 4th anniversary of the Red Army was published, which stated:
In accordance with the resolution of the IX All-Russian Congress of Soviets on the Red Army, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee draws the attention of the executive committees to the upcoming anniversary of the creation of the Red Army (February 23)
2. Questions on the topic “Defender of the Fatherland is a profession or a way of life”: What is DEBT? What do you mean by "duty to the Fatherland"? Why do many people today not want to join the army? But still, there are guys who serve with success and dignity and, when they come home, only remember good things about the army. What do you think makes it possible for some people to be strong and others to be weak? Is the profession of “defending the Motherland” considered prestigious today? What problems exist in the modern army? Why would you like to join the army? How can you prepare for the army (boys) today? Can girls serve in the military? Remember the cases when women in the war performed feats and adequately defended their people, their loved ones?
3. Poems by Alexander Tvardovsky, Jack Altauzen "Motherland looked at me", Yulia Drunina "You must!", Konstantin Simonov "Motherland".
4. A story about the feat of Semyon Afanasyevich Skarednev (according to a presentation made based on the materials of the school museum), reading excerpts from Semyon's letter home.
5. Conversation with a veteran of the Great Patriotic War.
Planned activities carried out on the basis of the lesson - class hour:
1) Compilation of a photo report for the archive of the school museum of the MBOU in Irkutsk, secondary school No. 80,
2) Discussion of the event held at the council of the asset of the school museum with the participation of class teachers of school No. 80 and invited veterans of the Great Patriotic War,
3) Development of the next event under the project “There is such a profession - to defend the Motherland”: a trip with 6th grade students to the village. Baklashi on an excursion to the museum of A.P. Beloborodov. This excursion was carried out with the support of the council of veterans of the Sverdlovsk region and the administration of Irkutsk, which allocated a bus. During the excursion, students of Irkutsk secondary school No. 80 learned about the life of the outstanding commander Afonasii Pavlantyevich Beloborodov. It was decided in the period from March to May 2013 to form a corner dedicated to Beloborodov in the museum.
The project "There is such a profession - to defend the Motherland" was attended by: head of the school museum of the MBOU in Irkutsk, secondary school No. 80, the asset of the school museum, students of school No. 80, teachers and the Council of Veterans of the Sverdlovsk Region.
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