The problem of fathers and children is war and peace. The Objective World in the Context of the Characteristics of the Characters of the Novel Fathers and Sons With what feeling does the father send Andrey to war

The relationship between the “old” and “new” generations is a topic that almost all classics of literature touch upon in their works, and L. N. Tolstoy was no exception. In "War and Peace" one can trace the whole chain of the formation of children under the auspices of their fathers, starting from an early age and ending with the last minutes of life.

1. The Rostov family is Tolstoy's ideal, in which he embodied all the moral characteristics. Count Rostov is a simple-hearted and generous man who is ready to help his children, no matter what: he repaid his son's card debt without reproach and even satisfied the desire of the youngest child to go to war. Thanks to this, the relationship between children and parents is built on mutual respect and trust, manifested in the desire to help each other and accept the choice of each. For example, it is interesting to trace the development of the love triangle between Natasha Rostova, Andrei Bolkonsky and Helen Kuragina's brother Anatole. An unspoken rule reigns in the Rostov family: “Do as your heart tells you” - this is the principle that all family members adhere to. Therefore, Natasha is condemned only because she was going to leave her parents and run away, and not because she chose another man. Nikolai Rostov, for example, left a prestigious university to go to war - this is where he sees his main mission. Parents also did not argue, respecting the will of the young man. This is the ideal relationship between fathers and children, where harmony reigns, based on mutual respect.
2. The family of Andrei Nikolaevich Bolkonsky is an example of the Russian intelligentsia, which combines all its features: nobility, wealth, influence and strict morals. Prince Nikolai Bolkonsky considers himself "the first", and therefore the main one - it is on his decision that the fate of his children depends: Andrei and Maria. And if Andrei is trying in every possible way to separate from his father, then Princess Marya got used to her life under the auspices of a domestic tyrant. It is the princess who in the majority suffers from the selfishness of her father and his constant nit-picking of herself: he does not see “worthy” people for his exceptional children, and therefore ruins their right to their own family. Brother and sister seem to readers closed and unable to open their souls - this is a prejudice: they hide their true feelings only because their father raised them that way. Thus, the fate of the child depends on the upbringing of parents, so the mistakes of the older generation always affect the youth.
3. Anatole and Helen Kuragin belong to a well-known family in St. Petersburg, headed by Prince Vasily Kuragin. Senior Kuragin is a cynical, mean and cunning person who, despite these qualities, takes care of his children, trying to "attach" them to the most successful people. Anatole - to serve in the regiment, and Helen - to rich "suitors". Thanks to the upbringing of such a person as Vasily, both Helen and Anatole grew up to be dishonorable and vile people, ready to do anything for their own happiness, despite the misfortune of others. The Kuragin family is a collective image of everything that the author condemns in the nobility. For the sake of material prosperity, it costs nothing for the heroes to destroy the family - the basis of society and the state. It is obvious that bad behavior will be hereditary, and the only way to stop it is public control over the formation of youth.
4. The secondary character in the novel "War and Peace" is the old Count Kirill Bezukhov, who has an illegitimate son, Pierre. Readers know practically nothing about the life of the count, except that he was very rich - it is this property and title that Pierre receives after the death of his father. Many noble families are involved in the struggle for his inheritance, and only Pierre is indifferent to everything: he sincerely suffers from the death of a loved one who loved him very much. It is the compassion and love that Pierre possesses that make him truly rich - this is a kind of "inheritance" that he received from his father, who is liberal about his serfs. Obviously, the role of fathers in shaping the younger generation cannot be underestimated. It is they who are responsible for what awaits the country in the future. And for their positive contribution to the education of new people, they deserve respect.
5. The bright noble Drubetsky family is considered one of the "smallest" families in terms of the number of people, but "big" in value. Princess Anna Drubetskaya is a widow whose only “consolation” is her son, Boris. The character of the princess was completely transferred to her heir: Boris is just as prudent, cunning and practical, and therefore dangerous, because in order to achieve his own goals, he is ready to go to intrigue and humiliation. And if Anna Drubetskaya “begs” for a good position for the sake of her son, forgetting about her own pride, then Boris marries the ugly Julie Kuragina for the sake of her own wealth and position. It is obvious that the child takes an example from the parents, so the vices of the father and mother are reflected in it. He can get rid of a bad inheritance, but often people prefer to go with the flow and not change anything in themselves.
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Images of "fathers" in the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

In his novel “Fathers and Sons”, I. S. Turgenev depicted social processes in Russia in the 59-60s of the 19th century. At that time, the main question was the question of the future of Russia, of what transformations should be in order to improve the life of the people, because everyone came to understand the need to change the existing and obsolete orders. In relation to this issue, society was divided into two camps: revolutionary democrats and liberals in alliance with conservatives.

In the novel, I. S. Turgenev presented these two camps as the world of “fathers” and “children”. The only representative of the generation of “children” is Evgeny Bazarov, a young man who graduated from the university, who is fond of medicine and the natural sciences. The opposite camp includes the Kirsanov brothers - Nikolai Petrovich and Pavel Petrovich, Bazarov's parents, as well as Arkady Kirsanov, a representative of the younger generation of the nobility.

Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, a retired military man, a former secular lion, is Bazarov's antagonist, his ideological opponent. If Evgeny is a nihilist, that is, a person who does not believe in authorities and rejects principles, then Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, cannot imagine his life without “principles” and authorities. “We, the people of the old age, we believe that without principles ... you can’t take a step, you can’t breathe,” he says. Pavel Petrovich is a representative of the liberal movement, leaning toward conservatism. Most of all, he bows before the English aristocracy. For him, the ideal state is England. Pavel Petrovich considers himself a useful person: he sometimes stands up for the peasants before his brother, several times he lent him money when the estate was on the verge of ruin. But Bazarov reproaches him that, speaking about the people, Pavel Petrovich is not able to act, he “sits idly by”, and covers his insolvency and inaction with the mask of an unsuccessful person with a broken fate. However, Pavel Petrovich is a worthy person in his own way: he loves his brother and nephew, treats Fenechka with respect, is noble in his actions, and impeccably polite. Unfortunately, practicality is not a distinctive quality of this nobleman: seeing that his brother's innovations only upset the estate, he cannot do anything to improve things. Pavel Petrovich does not agree that “his song is sung”, he is convinced that the “children” are wrong and that his ideas are much more correct than theirs. Pavel Petrovich's speech is peculiar. He often uses foreign words, while Russians speak in the French manner, instead of the generally accepted “this” and “this”, he says “eftim” and “efto”. His speech is replete with expressions such as “I consider it my duty”, “would you please ...”, etc.

The brother of Pavel Petrovich, Nikolai Petrovich, a nobleman, father of the family and a liberal, is also a representative of the “fathers”. He is a liberal and proud of it. “It seems that I am doing everything to keep up with the times: I arranged for peasants, started a farm ...; I read, I study, I try to keep up with modern requirements...” But all his fashionable transformations only upset the estate. Turgenev shows a picture of poverty, backwardness of the people: “ponds with thin dams”, villages with “half-swept roofs”, peasants, “shabby, on bad nags” ... Overhearing Bazarov’s words that “his song is sung”, Nikolai Petrovich agrees to this without protesting. He willingly believed that the ideas of youth were more modern and useful. Nikolai Petrovich is a wonderful, caring and loving father, an attentive brother, a sensitive and tactful person. The fact that at the age of forty he plays the cello, reads Pushkin and admires nature, does not cause us indignation and misunderstanding, like Bazarov, but only a smile of tenderness. Nikolai Petrovich is a man created for family happiness, for a quiet life on his estate.

His son Arkady, who has just graduated from the university, as they say, is the son of his father. At first, he was carried away by the ideas of Bazarov, but, in the end, we see that he was only a temporary companion of a young nihilist and would later repeat the fate of his father.

So, using the images of the Kirsanovs as an example, Turgenev shows the position in which the nobility of post-reform Russia was, their inability to adapt to new conditions, the futility of their activities. Turgenev himself wrote that he showed the "cream" of the noble society. If the best of the nobles cannot survive in the new conditions, then what can we say about all the rest ...

Homework for the lesson:

1). Analysis of episodes. Aspect - the lessons of the fathers.

2). Prepare a set of questions specifically for each episode. Consider ways to compare.

Table filled in during the lesson:

“How does Tolstoy, the writer, prove his idea: there is no moral core in parents - it will not be in children either”?

Fathers and sons... The theme is eternal, covering our entire life: social, family, personal. It contains everything that happens to us. The relationship of fathers and children, perhaps, is able to most fully and comprehensively reveal the complex “world” of human ties.

In the novel “War and Peace”, the theme of the family is of particular importance, but today we are not interested in the family as such, but in the lessons that parents teach their children, and the shoots that these lessons give.

The purpose of our lesson is to trace, as Tolstoy proves, his thought: there is no moral core in parents - it will not be in children either.

Certain episodes in the homework were selected for analysis.

In the course of work, new definitions regarding the heroes in these episodes will fit into the table.

Episode No. 1 - “Departure of Andrei Bolkonsky to the war”

What is the significance of this episode?

The fact that it most clearly shows the relationship in the Bolkonsky family. Moral guidelines and their origin, psychology and characters of heroes become clear.

This episode raises questions such as:

• the relationship of children (brother and sister) with each other.
• relationship between children and father.
• moral standards, the inner content of the characters.

The main distinguishing feature of the Bolkonskys?

"A proud conscience"

Let's stop at the page where the elder Bolkonsky says goodbye to his son.

What lessons does the elder Bolkonsky teach his children? Andrew?

With what feeling does the father send Andrey to the war?

With joy! Joy for what?

For the fact that the son fulfills his duty. Service (in the high sense of the word) for the disgraced father is continued by the son.

Hurried son.

How does senior Bolkonsky understand service? What in the image of this hero reveals the concept of service?

Serve, not serve. But to serve not as Ippolit, to whom his father secured the post of ambassador in Vienna, and not as an adjutant to some, albeit important, but insignificant person, like Berg, Boris Drubetskoy, but under Kutuzov himself. Although, being an adjutant with anyone is not in the traditions of the Bolkonskys.

How do the words “adjutant” and “service” correlate in the understanding of the senior Bolkonsky?

“Bad position!” - the old prince does not hide his antipathies. The adjutant, according to his concepts, is a footman who makes a career, and service is a risk, a danger.

In a letter, he asks Kutuzov to use his son in “good places”.

What do these “good places” mean for the old prince?

Not in adjutants, but, for example, on the Tushin battery.

How should the son serve according to the father?

Not out of mercy! "When it's good." (Kutuzov).

"Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky's son will not serve out of mercy."

After all, not Kutuzov will eventually serve as a son, but Russia!

Adjutant of Russia!

What does the word “thank you” repeated four times by the father mean?

Thanks to the son from the father and the general that he preferred war to the secular world.

What kind of struggle is going on in the soul of the old prince at the moment of parting? Details?

The struggle of the father and the citizen with the victory of the latter.

Better hurt than embarrassed.

“Pride of thought” prevents both of them from revealing the full depth of their experiences.

Does his father's cocky stunt explain much of his mental struggle? What?

1. “Something” is tears;
2. Beloved son.

Prove that Andrei Bolkonsky respects his father immensely and has an urgent need to communicate with him?

1. Admiration and understanding of his father's education in political affairs, self-education.
2. Please take your son with you in case of his death.

He had never received such a compliment in his entire life. This is not just a high assessment of the father's human qualities, but also the sons' love for him, expressed, like everything that Andrei does, in a masculine stern and restrained way.

What is typical for the communication of the Bolkonsky children among themselves?

1. Relationships.
2. Image donated by Marya.
3. Talk about the father and a complete understanding of his positions.

• The moral foundations of the Bolkonsky family, according to the author, are the main component.
• None of the fathers in the novel speaks to their children smarter and more concisely than Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky.
• The elder Bolkonsky brings up his children.
• The Bolkonskys are a family where they bring up real men who know their worth.
• Prince Andrei would never have ended up in Dolokhov's company and would not have lost to him at cards, he simply, probably, would not even have taken them in his hands.

Analysis of episode No. 2 “The loss of Nikolai Rostov”.

If one father escorts his son to almost certain death and is proud of it, then the other father - Count Rostov - saves his son from certain death.

Let's get into this page.

• How are the two characters in this scene acting?
• What lesson did Count Rostov teach his son?
• Details, words, gestures!

The father "in Tolstoy's way" instantly guessed the mental confusion of his son behind the mock bravado. You need to know your Nikolenka in order to immediately understand what the “word of honor” cost, which he gave his father (not to ask for money) and did not keep.

He lost not money, but himself.

Who lost? Why does the father leave his question unanswered?

Guessed whose victim was his son. He was deceived, tricked, “punished”. A cheater mocked him, before that, by the way, he had ceased to visit the Rostovs' house.

What does this scene give in the understanding of the “Rostov breed”?

Without reproach and reproach, the hand of the father is extended to the son. He not only saves Nikolai from shame and misfortune, but with his generosity, forgiveness and understanding reveals the true meaning and meaning of the father, who is able to fill his relatives with spiritual ones. “Tomorrow” will be a special day for Nikolai, and maybe a whole era in his life. Now, no matter what he does, his officer, noble and filial “word of honor” will no longer be just a word - it will be a conscious, responsible act.

Therefore, many were drawn to them, because an atmosphere of kindness and sincerity reigned in their family!

Here it is - the main capital of the Rostovs.

Analysis of episode No. 3 “Wooing of Anatole”

While the father, Bolkonsky, saw off his son to the war and was proud of it, the other father, Prince Vasily Kuragin, sought to hide his son from the war as far as possible.

With what thoughts will Anatole come to the Bolkonskys?

1. Marriage.
2. Have fun, waiting for eccentricities from Prince Bolkonsky.

How did Prince Vasily appear as a father?

Just as immoral as always (the son serves no one knows where, if only somewhere in a warm place.)

What is the son teaching? How to behave?

Be respectful. A lot depends on this.

Why is the elder Bolkonsky demanding of his daughter to the point of despotism?

The key to the puzzle is in the words: “But I don’t want you to look like our stupid young ladies.”

The source of human vices is idleness and superstition. Mind and activity are needed. That's why Marya teaches mathematics.

Ugly means you have to be smart. “Who will take her out of love?”

What details confirm the mind and foresight of the prince?

(Anatole and Bourienne, looks, gestures).

What is important to the prince in the groom for his daughter?

To be worthy of her.

In what scenes will the feeling of fatherhood manifest itself with particular force in the elder Bolkonsky?

The impossibility of being separated from his daughter pushes him to desperate acts, vicious, bilious, "... there is nothing to disfigure yourself - and so bad."

He is offended by the courtship of the Kuragins “for his daughter”, because he loves her more than himself.

What qualities does Mary demonstrate?

• Dreams of love, does not even suspect anything bad.
• She doesn't tend to do that.
• He does not see anything strange in the behavior of Anatole and Bourien, he thinks that this is from love for her.
• Ready to forgive Bourien for meanness.
• The main thing in Marya is “radiant eyes”. Dignity is the main feature of her character.

Life goal?

“The vocation is to be happy with the happiness of love and self-sacrifice. Think about the honor and dignity of the Bolkonsky family.

Spiritual Marya could only be born in the family of Prince Bolkonsky.

The father understands how rich the spiritual world of his daughter is, knows how beautiful she could be in moments of emotional excitement. Therefore, the arrival and courtship of the Kuragins, this “mean, heartless breed,” is so painful for him.

How do Kuragins experience the shame of matchmaking?

Easy "With a cheerful smile, Anatole bowed to Princess Mary, as if inviting her to laugh at this joke."

The clumsy ugly Marya surpassed the cheeky and self-confident secular womanizer, gave him a good lesson. She preferred to remain the daughter of Prince Bolkonsky, and not the wife of Anatole Kuragin.

Analysis of episode No. 4 "Helen's Name Day".

Prince Vasily will continue the theme of caring for his children in the episode in which he "marries" his daughter to Bezukhov's millions. This quiet “home” page of the novel plays an important role.

Why is the home world of the Kuragins almost absent from the novel?

Because of their lack of spirituality. Receptions, dinners, meetings, Prince Vasily arranges only for business reasons. Out of profit.

What impression does the interior of the Kuragins' house make?

Shine, shine. Everything is fake. (Interior analysis)

Why is Prince Vasily so concerned? Details?

"Today everything will be decided." Don't let Pierre out of your hands.

How does the behavior of Prince Vasily change depending on the circumstances?

Smiling, strictly interrogative, affectionate, resolute, unpleasant, gloomy.

How does Pierre feel?

• Shame!
• Prince Vasily is ready for anything for the sake of money. Comment on his decisive step.
• How a good artist knows how to play a role, to get emotional. Having played the engagement scene, he even shed a tear. A masterfully played role.

What proves the kinship of souls between Prince Vasily and his daughter?

The same unnatural, deceitful.

Mother's role?

She was tormented by envy of her daughter's happiness.

They are alien to Tolstoy's ethics. Selfish, closed only on themselves. Empty flowers. Nothing will be born from them, because in a family one must be able to give warmth and care to others.

So, on the examples of the episodes chosen for analysis, we were able to verify the correctness of the author's idea about the unconditional determining role of "father's" education in the development of "children".

Tolstoy's immortal novel provides food for thought for many generations.

Homework:

one). Write an essay on the topic:

a) What do I accept in the education of the younger generation in the novel "War and Peace" and what do I reject;

b) What lessons in raising the younger generation would I like to embody in my family (current or future).

2). Prepare for a debate: "In what family would I like to be brought up."

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“In order to live honestly, one must tear, get confused, fight, make mistakes, start and quit, and start again, and quit again, and always struggle and lose. And peace is spiritual meanness. (From a letter from L. N. Tolstoy dated October 18, 1857.)

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“This is not a novel at all, not a historical novel, not even a historical chronicle, this is a family chronicle ... this is a true story, and there were family ones.” N. Strakhov "From the usual family novel, Tolstoy's novel differs in that it is, so to speak, an open family, with an open door - it is ready to spread, the path to the family is the path to people." N.Ya. Berkovsky

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Family composition: Count Ilya Andreevich Rostov. Countess Natalya Rostova (Shinshina) is the wife of Ilya Rostov. Count Nikolai Ilyich Rostov (Nicolas) is the eldest son of Ilya and Natalya Rostov. Vera Ilinichna Rostova is the eldest daughter of Ilya and Natalya Rostov. Count Pyotr Ilyich Rostov (Petya) is the youngest son of Ilya and Natalya Rostov. Natasha Rostova (Natalie) - the youngest daughter of Ilya and Natalya Rostov, married Countess Bezukhova, Pierre's second wife. Sonya (Sophie) - the niece of Count Rostov, is brought up in the family of the Count. Andryusha Rostov is the son of Nikolai Rostov. Family status: Complete family

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Characteristic features of the family: Rostov's parents are hospitable, simple-minded, simple, trusting, generous. Relationships between parents are built on mutual respect and respect. The position of the mother is the position of the mistress of the house. Attitude towards guests - hospitality to all without honoring ranks. The relationship in the family between adults and children is gullibility, purity and naturalness. Respect for each other, the desire to help without tedious notations, freedom and love, the absence of strict educational standards, loyalty to family relationships. The main thing in a relationship is love, life according to the laws of the heart. Relations between children are sincerity, naturalness, love, respect for each other. Interest in the fate of each other. Occupations: passion for singing, dancing. The main thing in a relationship is the soul. Attitude towards the people - the perception of the people more on an emotional level.

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Patriotism is sincere patriotism, pain for one's Motherland. Nikolai is fighting in the war; Petya, still a boy, goes to war in 1812 with the consent of his parents and dies in the first battle. Natasha demands to give carts to the wounded. Rostovs leave their homes, like many residents. Disadvantages - kindness is sometimes external. Sometimes the cruelty, impracticality, extravagance of Father Rostov. Rostovs - all - live not with their heads, but with their hearts. Natasha is Tolstoy's favorite heroine, the ideal of a woman, embodied in the family. "Rostov breed"

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Hospitality Nobility Sincerity Simplicity Admiration Understanding Sincerity Forgiveness Generosity emotionality

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Count Ilya Andreevich Rostov R. Yuskaev (Count of Rostov), ​​G. Tyunina (Countess of Rostov). "War and Peace. Beginning of the novel. Father of Natasha, Nikolai, Vera and Petya Rostovs, a well-known Moscow gentleman, rich man, hospitable. Knows how and loves to live, good-natured, generous. Many character traits and some episodes of the life of his paternal grandfather, Count I. A. Tolstoy, the writer used when creating the image of the old Count Rostov, noting in his appearance those features that are known from the portrait of his grandfather: a full body, “sparse gray hair on a bald spot."

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Rostov is distinguished by tender deep love and heartfelt kindness towards his wife and children. When leaving Moscow after the Battle of Borodino, it was the old count who began to slowly give up carts for the wounded, thus inflicting one of the last blows to his condition. Events of 1812-1813 and the loss of Petya finally broke the mental and physical strength of the hero. The last event, which, out of old habit, he directs, making the same active impression, is the wedding of Natasha and Pierre; in the same year, the count dies "just at the time when things ... got so confused that it was impossible to imagine how it would all end," and leaves a good memory behind. With favorite - Natasha

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Countess Natalya Rostova (Shinshina) Countess, "a woman with an oriental type of thin face, forty-five years old, apparently exhausted by children ... The slowness of her movements and speech, which came from the weakness of her strength, gave her a significant look that inspires respect." When creating the image of the countess, Tolstoy used the character traits and some circumstances of the life of his paternal grandmother P. N. Tolstoy and mother-in-law L. A. Bers. Countess of Rostov

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Ludmila Savelyeva as Natasha Rostova Audrey Hepburn as Natasha in the 1956 Hollywood film adaptation. Natasha Rostova In the novel, Natasha Rostova is a refined, spiritualized girl. "Black-eyed, with a big mouth, ugly, but lively, with her childish open shoulders, which, shrinking, moved in her corsage from fast running, with her black curls knocked back, thin bare arms and small legs in lace pantaloons and open shoes ..."

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This image originated in the writer when the initial idea arose for a story about a Decembrist who returned to Russia and his wife, who endured all the hardships of exile with him. Prototype N.R. considered the sister-in-law of the writer Tatyana Andreevna Bers, in marriage Kuzminskaya, who had musicality and a beautiful voice. The second prototype is the writer's wife, who admitted that he "took Tanya, reworked with Sonya, and it turned out to be Natasha." At the beginning of the novel - 13 years old, at the end - 20 years old Clemence Poesy as Natasha in the series "War and Peace" in 2007.

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Ana Caterina Morariu in the image of Sonya in the series "War and Peace" in 2007. Sonya Sonya is the niece and pupil of the old Count Rostov, who grew up in his family. The storyline of Sonya is based on the fate of T. A. Ergolskaya, a relative, close friend and teacher of the writer, who lived until the end of her days in Yasnaya Polyana and in many ways prompted Tolstoy to engage in literary work. However, the spiritual appearance of Yergolskaya is quite far from the character and inner world of the heroine.

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At the beginning of the novel, she is 15 years old, she is “a thin, petite brunette with a soft look tinted with long eyelashes, a thick black braid that wraps around her head twice, and a yellowish tint of skin on her face and especially on naked, thin, but graceful hands and neck. » “With the smoothness of her movements, the softness and suppleness of her little limbs, and her somewhat cunning and restrained manner, she resembles a beautiful, but not yet formed kitten, who will be a lovely cat.”

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Rostov Nikolai - son of Count Rostov, brother of Vera, Natasha and Petya, officer, hussar; at the end of the novel, the husband of Princess Marya Bolkonskaya. "A short, curly-haired young man with an open expression," in which he saw "swiftness and enthusiasm." The writer gave Nikolai some features of his father, N. I. Tolstoy, a participant in the war of 1812. The hero differs in many ways in the same traits of openness, cheerfulness, goodwill, self-sacrifice, musicality and emotionality as all Rostovs. Being sure that he is not an official or a diplomat, Nikolai leaves the university at the beginning of the novel and enters the Pavlograd Hussar Regiment, in which his whole life is concentrated for a long time. He takes part in military campaigns and the Patriotic War of 1812. Nikolai Rostov Dmitry Isaev as Nikolai Rostov

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Nikolay Rostov. Artist K. I. Rudakov. Dmitry Isaev as Nikolai Rostov Nikolai on the hunt

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Petya Rostov Rostov Petya is the youngest son of the Rostov counts, brother of Vera, Nikolai, Natasha. At the beginning of the novel, Petya is still a little boy, enthusiastically yielding to the general atmosphere of life in the Rostov house. He is musical, like all Rostovs, kind and cheerful. After Nikolai entered the army, Petya wanted to imitate his brother, and in 1812, carried away by a patriotic impulse and an enthusiastic attitude towards the sovereign, he asked for leave to join the army. Fight scene. Natasha and Petya Rostov help the wounded.

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“Snub-nosed Petya, with his cheerful black eyes, a fresh blush and a little fluff on his cheeks” becomes after leaving the mother’s main concern, realizing only at that time the full depth of her love for her youngest child. During the war, Petya accidentally ends up with an assignment in the Denisov detachment, where he remains, wanting to take part in the real case. He accidentally dies, showing on the eve of his death in relations with his comrades all the best features of the "Rostov breed", inherited by him in his own home.

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She appears in the novel very rarely, but at these moments she manages to amaze us with her coldness and arrogant "correctness". Vera, the only one of the whole family, makes an unpleasant impression, despite her beauty and good manners. Education - that's what determined the dissimilarity of Vera to the rest of the Rostovs. Count Ilya Andreevich explains this by the fact that "the countess was wiser" with her eldest daughter. And the countess mother herself says that, unlike Natasha, she “kept Vera strictly.” From childhood, she realized that the rest of the children only interfere with her, she begins to constantly make comments to them. Faith and children do not understand each other, cannot find a common language, and the difference in age has nothing to do with it. The spiritual world of Vera is not like the world of Natasha or Nikolai. It has no place for open feelings, simplicity, trust. There is only coldness and prudence in him. Vera Rostova

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Andryusha Rostov “Countess Marya looked around, saw Andryusha behind her, felt that Sonya was right, and it was from this that she flared up and, apparently, with difficulty resisted a harsh word. She said nothing and, in order not to obey her, made a sign with her hand so that Andryusha would not make any noise, but still follow her, and went to the door. Sonya went through another door. From the room in which Nikolai slept, one could hear his even breathing, familiar to his wife to the slightest nuances. She, hearing this breathing, saw in front of her his smooth, beautiful forehead, mustache, his whole face, which she had so often looked at for a long time when he slept, in the stillness of the night. Nicholas suddenly stirred and grunted. And at the same instant Andryusha shouted from behind the door: “Papa, mama is standing here…” Countess Mary turned pale with fright and began to make signs to her son. He fell silent, and for a minute there continued a silence, terrible for Countess Marya. She knew how Nikolai did not like to be woken up.

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BOLKONSKII All happy families are alike, each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy

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Family composition: Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky - an old prince, a prominent figure in the Catherine era. Prince Andrei Nikolaevich Bolkonsky (fr. André) is the son of the old prince. Princess Maria Nikolaevna (fr. Marie) - daughter of the old prince, sister of Prince Andrei, married Countess of Rostov (wife of Nikolai Ilyich Rostov). Lisa (fr. Lise) (nee Meinen) - the first wife of Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, died in childbirth of her son Nikolai. The young Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky (Nikolenka) is the son of Prince Andrei. Family status: Incomplete family

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Characteristic features of the family: The older generation - the old prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky - a stubborn and domineering old man who does not bow to anything. The general-in-chief under Paul I was exiled to the village. Although under the new reign he was already allowed to enter the capitals, he could not forgive the insult and continued to live in the Bald Mountains. He considered idleness and superstition as vices, activity and mind as virtues. “I was constantly busy writing my memoirs, then calculations from higher mathematics, then turning snuff boxes on a machine tool, then working in the garden and observing buildings.” The main thing is honor. 2. Relationships in the family between adults and children - relationships without sentimentality. The father is an indisputable authority, although he “with the people around him, from his daughter to servants ... was harsh and invariably demanding, and therefore, without being cruel, he aroused fear and respect for himself.” Respect for the father, who himself was involved in the education of Marya, denying the norms of education in court circles. Father's hidden love, male. The main thing is life according to the laws of the mind

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Strictness careerism Restraint Pride Intelligence Self-education dignity

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Andrei Bolkonsky “Prince Bolkonsky was short, a very handsome young man with definite and dry features. Everything in his figure, from the tired, bored look to the quiet measured step, represented the sharpest contrast with his little, lively wife. Apparently, everyone in the drawing room was not only familiar to him, but they were already so tired that it was very boring for him to look at them and listen to them. Of all the faces that bored him, the face of his pretty wife seemed to bore him the most. With a grimace that spoiled his handsome face, he turned away from her ... "

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Unlike many characters in the novel, who had easily recognizable prototypes among people of 1810-1820 or Tolstoy's contemporaries, as well as his relatives, Andrei Bolkonsky did not have a clearly guessable prototype. The author insisted on the fictitious name of this hero. He is smart, brave, deeply decent, impeccably honest and proud. Andrei Bolkonsky has a strong will, he is restrained and practical. His self-esteem goes beyond the usual ideas.

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On the Borodino field, Andrei is wounded and, by coincidence, leaves Moscow, abandoned by the inhabitants, in the Rostovs' convoy. Under the influence of the military events experienced, new thoughts, Natasha’s physical suffering and remorse, Andrei reconciles with her, however, rising to forgiveness, stepping over his offended pride, and most importantly, realizing that the true meaning of life is love for others, he experiences a moral breakdown. . After a prophetic dream for him about the failure of the fight against death, Andrei gradually fades away, despite the past physical danger; the truth that has been revealed to him, driving "living human life", is higher and more than what his proud soul can accommodate.

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Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky - prince, general-in-chief, retired from service under Paul I and exiled to the village. Father of Princess Marya and Prince Andrei. In the image of the old prince, Tolstoy restored many features of his maternal grandfather, Prince N. S. Volkonsky, "an intelligent, proud and gifted man."

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Lives in the country, meticulously distributing his time, most of all not enduring idleness, stupidity, superstition and violation of the once established order; he is demanding and harsh with everyone, often harassing his daughter with nit-picking, in the depths of his soul he loves her. The revered prince “walked in the old way, in a caftan and powder”, was short, “in a powdered wig ... with small dry hands and gray drooping eyebrows, sometimes, as he frowned, obscured the brilliance of smart and as if young shining eyes.” He is very proud, smart, restrained in showing feelings; perhaps his main concern is the preservation of family honor and dignity. Until the last days of his life, the old prince retains an interest in political and military events, only before his death he loses real ideas about the scale of the misfortune that happened to Russia. It was he who brought up feelings of pride, duty, patriotism and scrupulous honesty in his son Andrei.

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Maria Bolkonskaya Bolkonskaya Marya - Princess, daughter of the old Prince Bolkonsky, sister of Prince Andrei, later the wife of Nikolai Rostov. Marya has “an ugly, weak body and a thin face ... the princess’s eyes, large, deep and radiant (as if rays of warm light sometimes came out of them in sheaves), were so good that very often, despite the ugliness of her whole face, these eyes were made more attractive than beauty.

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Marya is very religious, accepts pilgrims and wanderers, enduring the ridicule of her father and brother. She has no friends with whom she could share her thoughts. Her life is focused on love for her father, who is often unfair to her, for her brother and his son Nikolenka (after the death of the "little princess"), to whom she, as best she can, replaces her mother. Marya is a smart, meek, educated woman who does not hope for personal happiness. Because of the unfair reproaches of her father and the impossibility of enduring it any longer, she even wanted to go on a wandering. Her life changes after meeting with Nikolai Rostov, who managed to guess the wealth of her soul. Having married, the heroine is happy, completely sharing all her husband's views "on duty and oath."

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Liza Bolkonskaya Bolkonskaya Liza is the wife of Prince Andrei, for whom the name of the "little princess" was fixed in the world. “Her pretty, with a slightly blackened mustache, her upper lip was short in teeth, but it opened all the nicer and stretched out even more nicely sometimes and fell on the lower one. As is always the case with quite attractive women, her shortcomings—the shortness of her lips and her half-open mouth—seemed to be her special, her own beauty. It was fun for everyone to look at this full of health and liveliness, pretty future mother, who so easily endured her situation.

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The wife of the second cousin of the writer, Princess L. I. Volkonskaya, nee Truzson, served as the prototype of the little princess, some of whose features were used by Tolstoy. The "Little Princess" enjoyed universal love because of her constant liveliness and courtesy of a secular woman who could not even imagine her life outside the world. In her relationship with her husband, she is distinguished by a complete misunderstanding of his aspirations and character. During disputes with her husband, her face took on a “brutal, squirrel expression” because of her raised lip, but Prince Andrei, repenting of his marriage to Lisa, notes in a conversation with Pierre and his father that this is one of the rare women with whom “you can be calm for your honor.

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After Bolkonsky left for the war, Lisa lives in the Bald Mountains, experiencing constant fear and antipathy for her father-in-law and making friends not with her sister-in-law, but with Princess Mary's empty and frivolous companion, Mademoiselle Bourrienne. Lisa dies, as she foresaw, during childbirth, on the day of the return of Prince Andrei, who was considered dead. The expression on her face before and after her death seems to indicate that she loves everyone, does no harm to anyone and cannot understand what she is suffering for. Her death leaves a feeling of irreparable guilt in Prince Andrei and sincere pity in the old prince.

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Nikolenka Bolkonsky Bolkonsky Nikolenka is the son of Prince Andrei and the "little princess", born on the day of his mother's death and the return of his father, who was considered dead. He was brought up first in the house of his grandfather, then Princess Mary. Outwardly, he is very much like his dead mother: he has the same upturned lip and curly dark hair. Nikolenka grows up as a smart, impressionable and nervous boy. In the epilogue of the novel, he is 15 years old, he becomes a witness to a dispute between Nikolai Rostov and Pierre Bezukhov. Under this impression, Nikolenka sees a dream with which Tolstoy ends the events of the novel and in which the hero sees glory, himself, his late father and Uncle Pierre at the head of a large "right" army.

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Family status: Incomplete family Family composition: Prince Vasily Sergeevich Kuragin, a friend of Anna Pavlovna Sherer, spoke about children: "My children are a burden to my existence." Elena Vasilievna Kuragina (Helen) - the first unfaithful wife of Pierre Bezukhov, the daughter of Prince Vasily, died of pneumonia. Anatole Kuragin - the youngest son of Prince Vasily, a reveler and a libertine, tried to seduce Natasha Rostova and take her away, "a restless fool" in the words of Prince. Vasily. Ippolit Kuragin - the son of Prince Vasily, "the late fool" in the words of Prince. Vasily. Alina (Aline) Kuragina - the wife of Prince Vasily, does not live with her family.

Reflections on the psychological edge of relationships between generations (based on the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace")

Human psychology is the state of his soul, which determines his attitude, motivates actions and forms an attitude to life. Psychology is also the sphere of human experiences, the world of his feelings. The psychology of people is influenced by their heredity, environment and upbringing, as well as character traits given by nature.

The Bolkonsky family, as its author describes in his brilliant novel, is one of the richest and most influential in Russia due to the nobility of the family, wealth and connections. The head of the family is the old prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky, a retired general-in-chief, in his youth he participated in military campaigns under the command of Suvorov and Kutuzov. Having quarreled with the royal court under Emperor Paul, he lived without a break in his estate Bald Mountains, in the Smolensk province.

His estate is one of the richest in Russia; the heads of the provinces came with a bow to the old prince for a reception and waited with trepidation for their turn in the waiter's room, along with the architect, the gardener and Princess Mary - people with whom one could not stand on ceremony.

And the old prince, and his son, young Bolkonsky, and daughter, Princess Marya, live in a close family union.

But each of them has his own world, his own vision of life and his own understanding of the role in family and social relations.

The head of the family is a man of a very bright fate, and his nickname, "the Prussian king", is somewhat ironic, nevertheless, it speaks of a respectful attitude towards him in the high circles of Moscow and St. Petersburg. The old prince Bolkonsky, proud of the antiquity of his family and the glory of his dynasty, is confident in his own exclusivity and in the right to be the first. In his house, in his family, he is the unconditional lord and master. The wayward old man believes: the work of the soul and real deeds are what testifies to the true value of a person. Everyone must suppress their own weaknesses. Therefore, the prince is irreconcilable to idleness and superstition and opposes them with activity and intelligence.

And these strict requirements for people, along with the punctual, scheduled to the minute, life order of the Lysogorsk house, are painfully difficult for others. But the imperious old man considers the rules established by him to be infallible and does not tolerate even the slightest disagreement with him in anyone.

It is because of his egoism that he does not allow the opportunity to be independent, to have the right to happiness and privacy for the people dearest to him - his son and daughter.

Tormenting his daughter with insults and nit-picking, the old Bolkonsky at the same time cannot imagine his life without her. Princess Mary, obedient to her father, as an unrequited victim of his willfulness, must be completely dependent on him. The prince does not care about the possible loneliness of his daughter in the future and the fact that, through his fault, she will be deprived of the right to be a happy wife and mother. In the same way, he destroys the happiness of his son Andrei.

Companions of his life, Princess Lisa and Natasha, he considers unworthy of his extraordinary son. Andrei's first wife, a little princess, cannot stand the yoke of a wayward old man and dies during childbirth. Her husband and father-in-law see the reproach on her face, and guilt will haunt them all their lives. Prince Andrei truly fell in love with Natasha, but for Prince Nicholas and Princess Marya, their future daughter-in-law is not good enough. Natasha's family, the Counts of Rostov, is lower in status than the Bolkonsky princes, and their funds are greatly wasted due to impracticality and an open lifestyle. But the reasons why both families cannot connect are not only this.

In what? The Bolkonskys, with their exactingness towards themselves and those around them, with their harsh morality and condemnation of human weaknesses, do not accept the Rostovs with their kindness, generosity and openness, readiness to help everyone and everyone.

The old prince is soulless about the feelings and experiences of Prince Andrei and Princess Marya. In relation to his daughter, he argues: “Don’t they live in girls?” In relation to the son: "... there was a son, whom it was a pity to give to the girl."

The second generation of this family is the young Bolkonskys. Marya, with her self-sacrifice, her desire to always be submissive to the will of God and even become poor (ideally a wanderer), she is not so fearful and unresponsive.

Marya hates Bourrienne, a Frenchwoman, because of her old father's attachment to her. Prince Nikolai willingly forgives this weakness for himself. Proud and capricious in her own way, the princess is disapproving of her brother's possible marriage to the young Rostova.

Prince Andrei, with his honesty, stern character, constant feeling of being right, is very similar to his father. He has his own life program and follows it strictly. And yet he relents before death. He feels in himself the desire to love everyone and forgive everyone, even enemies.

Mary, suffering from the despotic nature of her father, humbles herself and pities him: after all, he is old and weak. And the old prince Bolkonsky, dying, would like to say words of love and tenderness to his daughter, he is ready to ask her forgiveness. But in this most important feeling of his life, he lost a lot irretrievably.

On the example of the fate of the Bolkonskys, the author, depicting the psychology of the heroes, asserts the primacy of kindness and sincere generosity in comparison with the severity of feelings, in comparison with the rejection of human weaknesses and confidence in one's own infallibility.

Morality. Man is born for the joy of life. Don't take that right away from others.

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