The problem of humane and inhumane attitude towards the enemy. AT

In the novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, the problem of mercy is revealed on the example of the central image of Emelyan Pugachev through his relationship with Petrusha Grinev. At the beginning of his independent journey, Peter meets Pugachev, an unknown runaway Cossack, in a snowstorm. The meeting in the elements has become symbolic. The uprising, which was later led by Pugachev, who declared himself Peter III, will also turn out to be an element, from which a merciful act will help Grinev to get out safe and sound. A sheepskin coat that was once presented will become that step of mercy that will subsequently save Peter from the gallows. Pugachev's mercy is much larger than the kindness of a young gentleman. First, the impostor gives Petrusha life, and then saves his bride. Thus, good deeds become a manifestation of mercy.

2. M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Flows the Don"

The novel by Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov tells about the most cruel and bloody time, in the whirlpool of which people die. The frenzy of the opposing sides seems boundless. Podtyolkov cracks down on Chernetsov without trial and shoots the prisoners. Then the Cossacks do the same with him. Mishka Koshevoy kills Pyotr Melekhov, the brother of his friend, the Cossack ataman. The Cossacks accompany the red commander Likhachev and mock the prisoner being escorted in the most cruel way: they cut out their eyes, cut off their limbs, and only then hack them to death. The chain of bloodshed is trying to stop Grigory Melekhov. He seeks to break the chain of cruelties: he saves the prisoners, hurries after the Bolsheviks sent through all the Cossack villages, wanting to avoid bloodshed and save Mishka and Ivan Alekseevich. But he doesn't make it. The lines sound like a plea for mercy when the prisoners turn to the escort with a request to drink. He pours water into a trough for them, from which the cattle grazing in the steppe drink. Kneeling down, Ivan Alekseevich raises his eyes to the sky, to this bottomless eternal sky, as if asking for mercy. But the sky is silent. There is no mercy in such a cruel time. However, only the elderly and children are capable of mercy. This is evidenced by the act of a Cossack woman who picked up a captive young Bolshevik who pretended to be crazy; a crying child and an old man pouring water into a trough for the afflicted. Only one who has shown mercy is capable of the title of man.

3. M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"

The theme of mercy is one of the main ones in the novel by M.A. Bulgakov. It goes through all time layers. In the Yershalaim chapters in the story of Yeshua, the question of mercy is the main one: does the poor philosopher deserve execution or forgiveness? For Pontius Pilate, this question is insoluble. Wanting to save a wandering beggar, he is unable to make the right decision, dooming Yeshua to death and himself to suffering. The issue of mercy is relevant at any time. Woland, who came to the land of Moscow, is trying to find mercy in the hearts of the citizens of the "new" socialist state. Nothing changes despite the declaration of other values: they are just as greedy, selfish and envious as they were two thousand years ago. However, Woland concludes that mercy is knocking on their hearts as well. Only when the cruelty becomes too obvious: at the moment when the entertainer Bengalsky is torn off his head in the Variety Theater. Even at a ball with Satan, Margarita asks for mercy for Frida, who strangled her own son, who has been suffering for so many years. Everyone deserves sympathy and mercy. It is mercy that saves people in the most terrible life situations.

4. V. Tendryakov "Bread for the dog"

Is there a place for mercy in war? And is it possible to show mercy to the enemy in war? The text of V. N. Lyalin makes us think about these questions. Here the author raises the problem of showing mercy to the enemy.

In the text, the author tells about Mikhail Ivanovich Bogdanov, who in 1943 was sent to the war to serve as an orderly. In one of the fiercest battles, Mikhail Ivanovich managed to protect the wounded from SS submachine gunners. For the courage shown during the counterattack with the SS division, he was presented to the Order of Glory by the commissar of the battalion. For the next

the day after the battle, noticing the corpse of a German soldier lying in a ditch, Mikhail Ivanovich showed mercy, deciding to bury the German. The author shows us that despite the war, Mikhail Ivanovich was able to retain his humanity, not remaining indifferent to the enemy. Having learned about this case, the battalion commissar decided to cancel the order of Glory presentation of the orderly. However, for Mikhail Ivanovich it was important to act according to his conscience, and not to receive an award.

I agree with the position of the author and am convinced that mercy has a place in war. After all, it does not matter whether the enemy is dead or unarmed, he no longer poses any danger. I believe that Mikhail Ivanovich Bogdanov did a worthy deed by burying the body of a German soldier killed in a shootout. It is very important in the conditions of a cruel war to be able to preserve humanity in oneself and not let one's heart cool down.

The problem of showing mercy to the enemy is raised in the works of V. L. Kondratiev, Sashka,. The main character Sashka captured a German during a German attack. At first, the German seemed to him an enemy, but, looking closely, Sashka saw in him an ordinary person, the same as himself. He no longer saw him as an enemy. Sashka promised the German his life, he said that the Russians are not animals, they will not kill the unarmed. He showed the German a leaflet, which said that the prisoners were guaranteed life and return to their homeland. However, when Sasha brought the German to the battalion commander, the German did not tell anything, and therefore the battalion commander gave Sasha the order to shoot the German. Sasha's hand did not rise to the unarmed soldier who looked so much like him. Despite everything, Sasha retained his humanity. He did not harden and this allowed him to remain a man. As a result, the battalion commander, having analyzed Sasha's words, decided to cancel his order.

The problem of showing mercy to the enemy is touched upon in the work of L. N. Tolstoy, War and Peace. One of the heroes of the novel, the Russian commander Kutuzov, shows mercy to the French fleeing Russia. He pities them, because he understands that they acted on the orders of Napoleon and in no case dared to disobey him. Speaking to the soldiers of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, Kutuzov says: We see that all soldiers are united not only by a feeling of hatred, but also by pity for the defeated enemy.

Thus, we can conclude that in war it is necessary to show mercy even to the enemy, no matter whether he is defeated or killed. A soldier is first of all a man and must preserve in himself such qualities as mercy and humanity. It is they who allow him to remain human.

Other works on this topic:

1. Unfortunately, sometimes it happens that children for various reasons lose their parents and become orphans. They are very sorry, because they are deprived of that caress and ...
2. In the rhythm of modern life, people increasingly forget to show mercy to those in need of support and compassion. Fazil Iskander's text is just a reminder to us...
3. In the text proposed for analysis, V.P. Astafiev raises the problem of compassion and mercy for animals. That's what he's thinking about. This is a socio-moral problem...
4. Compassion and mercy are eternal moral categories. The Bible contains the basic requirements for a believer: love for one's neighbor, compassion for the suffering. Is there any mercy...
5. Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratiev (1920-1993) was drafted into the army from the first year of the institute. In 1941, he volunteered for the active army. Thirty years after graduation...
6. More than 70 years have passed since the last volleys of the Great Patriotic War died down. But until now, the word “war” resonates with pain in human hearts....
7. The writer S. Aleksievich made an attempt to solve an important problem related to the preservation of the memory of the feat accomplished by women - military personnel who had to fight in the Great Patriotic War. Author...

• Acts performed out of mercy, at first glance, may seem ridiculous and meaningless.
• A person can show mercy even in the most difficult situations for him
• Actions related to helping orphans can be called merciful
• The manifestation of mercy often requires sacrifices from a person, but these sacrifices are always justified by something.
• People who show mercy are worthy of respect

Arguments

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Natasha Rostova shows mercy - one of the most important human qualities. When everyone begins to leave Moscow, captured by the French, the girl orders to give carts to the wounded, and not to carry her own things to them. Helping people for Natasha Rostova is much more important than material well-being. And it does not matter at all that among the things that should have been taken away, the dowry is part of her future.

M. Sholokhov "The fate of man." Andrei Sokolov, despite the difficult life trials, has not lost the ability to show mercy. He lost his family and home, but could not help but pay attention to the fate of Vanyushka, a little boy whose parents died. Andrei Sokolov told the boy that he was his father and took him to him. The capacity for mercy made the child happy. Yes, Andrei Sokolov did not forget his family and the horrors of the war, but he did not leave Vanya in trouble. This means that his heart is not hardened.

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". The fate of Rodion Raskolnikov is difficult. He lives in a miserable, dark room, malnourished. After the murder of the old pawnbroker, his whole life resembles suffering. Raskolnikov is still poor: he hides what he took from the apartment under a stone, and does not take it for himself. However, the hero gives the last to Marmeladov's widow for the funeral, he cannot get past the misfortune that has happened, although he himself has nothing to exist. Rodion Raskolnikov turns out to be capable of mercy, despite the murder and the terrible theory he created.

M.A. Bulgakov "Master and Margarita". Margarita is ready to do anything to see her Master. She makes a deal with the devil, agrees to be the queen at Satan's terrible ball. But when Woland asks what she wants, Margarita only asks that Frieda stop serving a handkerchief with which she gagged her own child and buried him in the ground. Margarita wants to save a completely alien person from suffering, and this is where mercy is manifested. She no longer asks for a meeting with the Master, because she cannot but take care of Frida, pass by someone else's grief.

N.D. Teleshov "Home". Little Semka, the son of migrants who died of typhus, most of all wants to return to his native village of Beloye. The boy escapes from the barracks and hits the road. On the way he meets an unfamiliar grandfather, they go together. Grandpa also goes to his native land. On the way, Semka falls ill. Grandfather takes him to the city, to the hospital, although he knows that he cannot go there: it turns out that he has escaped from hard labor for the third time. There, grandfather is caught, and then sent back to hard labor. Despite the danger to himself, grandfather shows mercy towards Semka - he cannot leave a sick child in trouble. Own happiness becomes less significant for a person than the life of a child.

N.D. Teleshov "Yelka Mitrich". On Christmas Eve, Semyon Dmitrievich realized that everyone would have a holiday, except for eight orphans living in one of the barracks. Mitrich at all costs decided to please the guys. Although it was hard for him, he brought a Christmas tree, bought a fifty-kopeck piece of candy, issued by a resettlement official. Semyon Dmitrievich cut each of the children a piece of sausage, although sausage was his favorite delicacy. Sympathy, compassion, mercy pushed Mitrich to this act. And the result turned out to be really beautiful: joy, laughter, enthusiastic cries filled the previously gloomy room. The children were happy from the holiday arranged by him, and Mitrich from the fact that he had done this good deed.

I. Bunin "bast shoes". Nefed could not help fulfilling the wish of a sick child who kept asking for some red bast shoes. Despite the bad weather, he went on foot for bast shoes and fuchsin to Novoselki, located six miles from home. For Nefed, the desire to help the child was more important than ensuring his own safety. He turned out to be capable of self-sacrifice - in a sense, the highest degree of mercy. Nefed is dead. The men brought him home. In the bosom of Nefed they found a vial of fuchsin and new bast shoes.

V. Rasputin "French Lessons". For Lydia Mikhailovna, a French teacher, the desire to help her student turned out to be more important than maintaining her own reputation. The woman knew that the child was malnourished, which is why she gambled. So she invited the boy to play for money with her. This is unacceptable for a teacher. When the director found out about everything, Lidia Mikhailovna was forced to leave for her homeland, for the Kuban. But we understand that her act is not bad at all - it is a manifestation of mercy. The seemingly unacceptable behavior of the teacher actually brought kindness and care for the child.

“Prisoner of war - a soldier taken prisoner” From the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegova Objectives: 1. To trace the attitude towards prisoners of war on literary material. 2. Consider the "Basic Provisions of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols", Section III "Protection of Prisoners of War". 3. To convey to students the existing problem and find out their opinion in relation to the issue of prisoners of war. 4. Consider the role of the ICRC in this matter

Tasks: 1. To bring to the attention of students the relevance of the issue of the rights of prisoners of war. 2. Show the horrors of war with literary examples. 3. With the help of a questionnaire, make schoolchildren think about the problems associated with captivity. 4. To convey information about the rights and obligations of prisoners of war.

Research methods: 1. The study of stories and novels on the proposed topic. 2. Consideration of the found works in the chronological order of their writing. 3. Revealing the peculiarities of the attitude towards prisoners of war in a certain period of time. 4. Study the "Basic Provisions of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols", Section III "Protection of Prisoners of War". 5. Questioning of modern schoolchildren on the problem of prisoners of war. 6. Review the literature on the ICRC's contribution to POW issues.

The relevance of this problem is natural, since there is no such day and even such a minute in the world that there are no wars in some corner of our planet. And none of the warring parties can do without losses: some die, others are captured. And we must treat this issue with understanding, because every life is priceless, because every dead or captured soldier is, first of all, a person, a soul with its dreams of the future, with its past, and not a military unit. And the present of this captive person (the deceased no longer has a future, he can only be transported to his relatives and buried with dignity) depends on the content in captivity. The relevance of this problem is natural, since there is no such day and even such a minute in the world that there are no wars in some corner of our planet. And none of the warring parties can do without losses: some die, others are captured. And we must treat this issue with understanding, because every life is priceless, because every dead or captured soldier is, first of all, a person, a soul with its dreams of the future, with its past, and not a military unit. And the present of this captive person (the deceased no longer has a future, he can only be transported to his relatives and buried with dignity) depends on the content in captivity.

The attitude towards prisoners in Russia has long been humane. Mercy to the vanquished was demanded by the "Council Code" of Muscovite Russia (1649): "Spare the enemy who asks for mercy; do not kill the unarmed; do not fight with the women; do not touch the youngsters. Treat the captives philanthropicly, be ashamed of barbarism. Defeat the enemy no less than weapons philanthropy. A warrior should crush the enemy's power, and not defeat the unarmed." And so they did for centuries.

Attitude towards prisoners of war on the example of literary works written during the Second World War and after it. The formula for attitude towards prisoners of war: 1) attitude towards Soviet prisoners of war: a) who are with the Germans; b) returned from German captivity. 2) attitude towards German prisoners of war.

War! The peculiarities of this difficult time dictate an irreconcilable attitude towards the enemy. Consequently, during the war, prisoners of war from the ranks of those who invaded foreign territory are a beast, a nonhuman, devoid of any human qualities. Wars of conquest or liberation, this is one of the aspects that affects the attitude towards prisoners of war. The attitude towards the invaders is more severe than towards the liberators. And this is not surprising, since the one who defends his native land, born and nurtured by this land, fights for every centimeter of it, for every blade of grass and blade of grass. Once on foreign territory, civilians also suffer at the hands of the invaders. And this is someone's relatives and friends. And then revenge settles in the hearts of people and gradually takes possession of them.

The past horrors of captivity are fighting with the same feelings, and a good example of this is from M. Sholokhov's story "The Science of Hate" in 1942. Lieutenant Gerasimov, was in captivity and experienced all the hardships of captivity: “They beat me in the camp with fists, sticks, rifle butts. They beat us so simply, out of boredom or for fun ... We slept right in the mud, there were no straw bedding, nothing. We will gather in a tight heap, we lie down. Quiet fuss goes on all night: those who are above are chilled. It was not a dream, but a bitter torment. The last words, in my opinion, have a double meaning. After being released from the camp, he returns to the front, but cannot see the living Nazis, “namely the living, he looks at the dead nothing ... even with pleasure, but he will see the prisoners and either close his eyes and sit pale and sweaty, or turn around and leave.” The words of the protagonist are very indicative: "... And they learned to fight for real, and to hate, and to love." The past horrors of captivity are fighting with the same feelings, and a good example of this is from M. Sholokhov's story "The Science of Hate" in 1942. Lieutenant Gerasimov, was in captivity and experienced all the hardships of captivity: “They beat me in the camp with fists, sticks, rifle butts. They beat us so simply, out of boredom or for fun ... We slept right in the mud, there were no straw bedding, nothing. We will gather in a tight heap, we lie down. Quiet fuss goes on all night: those who are above are chilled. It was not a dream, but a bitter torment. The last words, in my opinion, have a double meaning. After being released from the camp, he returns to the front, but cannot see the living Nazis, “namely the living, he looks at the dead nothing ... even with pleasure, but he will see the prisoners and either close his eyes and sit pale and sweaty, or turn around and leave.” The words of the protagonist are very indicative: "... And they learned to fight for real, and to hate, and to love." Sholokhov M.

Autobiographical story It's us, Lord! was written in 1943. Being underground for exactly 30 days, knowing that mortal danger was nearby and that he had to be in time, K. Vorobyov wrote about what he had experienced in fascist captivity. Terrible pictures pass before the reader's eyes: Sheared heads, bare legs and arms stick out like a forest from the snow along the sides of the roads. These people went to the place of torture and torment to the camps of prisoners of war, but they did not reach, they died on the way ... and silently and menacingly they send curses to the murderers, sticking their hand out from under the snow, as if bequeathing Revenge! Revenge! Revenge! Autobiographical story It's us, Lord! was written in 1943. Being underground for exactly 30 days, knowing that mortal danger was nearby and that he had to be in time, K. Vorobyov wrote about what he had experienced in fascist captivity. Terrible pictures pass before the reader's eyes: Sheared heads, bare legs and arms stick out like a forest from the snow along the sides of the roads. These people went to the place of torture and torment to the camps of prisoners of war, but they did not reach, they died on the way ... and silently and menacingly they send curses to the murderers, sticking their hand out from under the snow, as if bequeathing Revenge! Revenge! Revenge! Vorobyov K.

There is also such a type of prisoners of war, where special detachments deliberately capture military personnel behind enemy lines who have important information about their troops, these are the so-called "languages". Such prisoners of war were highly valued. Such a case is described in the story of K. Vorobyov “My language is my enemy”, written in 1943. Accordingly, "language" was treated as a precious commodity, because it had to be brought alive to its superiors. Since the story was written in 1943, the "tongues" are depicted faceless. But here's what's interesting, Bekasov, the main character of the story, “kept a list of his “languages” and they were all listed under the names: Kurt, Willy, Richard, another Kurt, Fritz, Helmut, Michel, Adolf, and another Richard. Bekasov, having found out that the German's name was Karl, lost all interest in him. Vorobyov K.

The attitude towards prisoners of war depends on what stage the war is at (beginning, turning point, end), the duration, the economic condition of the army and its fighting spirit, whether there is an idea or an ultimate goal for which the warring parties are fighting. The literature of the post-war period, in addition to revealing a new look at the problems of wartime, began to treat prisoners of war differently. Human qualities suddenly began to appear in the prisoner, some character traits appeared, even the appearance began to acquire individual features. And during the war, any representative of the enemy army is a fascist, a monster, a soulless creature. It made some sense. Thus, the image of an irreconcilable enemy was formed in the soldier, on the other hand, they raised morale and strengthened the feeling of patriotism. The literature of the post-war period, in addition to revealing a new look at the problems of wartime, began to treat prisoners of war differently. Human qualities suddenly began to appear in the prisoner, some character traits appeared, even the appearance began to acquire individual features. And during the war, any representative of the enemy army is a fascist, a monster, a soulless creature. It made some sense. Thus, the image of an irreconcilable enemy was formed in the soldier, on the other hand, they raised morale and strengthened the feeling of patriotism.

The story "One day of Ivan Denisovich" 1962. Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn depicts one day in the life of a prisoner: “It is considered in the case that Shukhov sat down for treason. And he testified, yes, yes, he surrendered, wanting to betray his homeland, and returned from captivity because he was carrying out the task of German intelligence. But what task - neither Shukhov nor the investigator could think of. So it was just a "mission". Shukhov was in captivity for two days, and then he ran away, and not one, but five of them. Three died in their wanderings. Two survived. Ivan Denisovich has been in the camp for 10 years because he mentioned two days of captivity, rejoicing that he had escaped from captivity. Such a fate befell many prisoners of war. And this is not surprising, since the slogan during the Second World War was the words: "Die and do not give up!". Solzhenitsyn A.I.

In the story "Sasha" 1979. Vyacheslav Kondratiev, the main character is Private Sashka, having talked with a German who was taken prisoner by him. He even says that he experienced "a great sense of power over the prisoner: if I want, I will kill, if I want, I will have mercy." But he cannot just kill an unarmed person on the orders of the battalion commander. Even having violated the charter, he is looking for possible options to save his life (to a young German student who says that he is not a fascist, but a German soldier). The honesty and straightforwardness of a soldier evoke respect for the prisoner of war in Sasha’s soul: “He also swore an oath.” I was struck by the description of the look of a person doomed to death: “...their eyes - some brightened, detached, already from the other world, as if ... The eyes died before the body. The heart was still beating, the chest was breathing, and the eyes ... the eyes were already dead. The reaction of the battalion commander in the story towards the prisoners of war is understandable, he can also be sympathized with, because in the person of the prisoner he sees the culprit in the death of his beloved girl Katya, who died on the same day. Kondratiev V.

The literature of the war period reflects the state of affairs during the war, the fighting spirit of the army and the people. Nothing enhances the feeling of patriotism like war. Proven! At the beginning of hostilities, the soldiers could not understand how to relate to the enemy, since they could not accept the very fact of the war. After the Nazis began to build concentration camps, burn villages and villages, kill everyone from young to old, mock prisoners of war, a feeling of merciless revenge and cruelty towards the enemy arose. And any German began to be perceived as something shapeless and faceless. But until the turning point in the course of the war, literature had a slogan character, I would say, optimistic-pessimistic. “There is nothing worse than a cornered beast,” says folk wisdom. And this statement is true, as history has shown.

In literature, in my opinion, the attitude towards prisoners of war is mostly subjective, and literature considers some typical situations. The attitude in the literature towards prisoners of war depends entirely on the prevailing circumstances, although it has common features. At the end of the war, the attitude towards the enemy and towards prisoners of war, respectively, was condescending, because the soldiers had a premonition of a close victory and were tired of the war. Post-war literature about the Second World War, revising its attitude to the war, seeing the mistakes and shortcomings of the command, the meaninglessness of some orders and actions of military leaders, took a fresh look at prisoners of war: a German prisoner of war is a man with his own problems, dreams, character and not necessarily a fascist.

Luneva O.S. and Lunev A. Parting words to the soldier War is a toy for big men, War is a toy for big men, The game of politicians going ahead. A game of politicians going ahead. This virus struck the innocent, This virus struck the innocent, And grief enters every home. And grief enters every home. Soldier, you are fully equipped, Soldier, you are fully equipped, Strong, sure, packed, Strong, sure, packed, And the bearing, worthy of praise, And the bearing, worthy of praise, And discipline - drawing, heat. And discipline - exhaust, glow. Before you is an unfortunate prisoner... Before you is an unfortunate prisoner... Yesterday he was also sure, Yesterday he was also sure, That there is no more courageous on earth. That there is no more courageous on earth. Today... he stands defeated, Today... he stands defeated, Trampled, wounded, rendered harmless. Trampled, wounded, disabled. You too can be captured, You too can be captured, Disarmed, even oppressed. Disarmed, even oppressed. And every century is disfigured by war, And every century is disfigured by war, And every year is infected by war. And every year the war is infected.

HISTORY REFERENCE. Until the second half of the 19th century, there were no multilateral agreements in international law establishing the regime of military captivity. The first convention on the laws and customs of war on land, which fixed the rules governing the regime of military captivity, was adopted in 1899 at the 1st Peace Conference in The Hague. Until the second half of the 19th century, there were no multilateral agreements in international law establishing the regime of military captivity. The first convention on the laws and customs of war on land, which fixed the rules governing the regime of military captivity, was adopted in 1899 at the 1st Peace Conference in The Hague.

The 2nd Hague Peace Conference (1907) developed a new convention that more fully defined the legal regime of prisoners of war. World War I necessitated further development of the norms of military captivity, and in 1929 the Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War was adopted. The 2nd Hague Peace Conference (1907) developed a new convention that more fully defined the legal regime of prisoners of war. World War I necessitated further development of the norms of military captivity, and in 1929 the Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War was adopted. During the Second World War, Germany, trampling international conventions, subjected prisoners of war to torture and mass destruction. In order to prevent the arbitrariness of the belligerents in 1949, the Geneva Convention on the Treatment of Prisoners of War was developed and signed, aimed at humanizing the rules of warfare. During the Second World War, Germany, trampling international conventions, subjected prisoners of war to torture and mass destruction. In order to prevent the arbitrariness of the belligerents in 1949, the Geneva Convention on the Treatment of Prisoners of War was developed and signed, aimed at humanizing the rules of warfare.

Fundamentally new norms were included in this convention: the prohibition of discrimination against prisoners of war on the grounds of race, color, religion, sex, origin or property status; the establishment of criminal liability for violation of the provisions of the convention, etc. Fundamentally new norms were included in this convention: the prohibition of discrimination against prisoners of war on the grounds of race, color, religion, sex, origin or property status; the establishment of criminal liability for violation of the provisions of the convention, etc. An innovation was the extension of the provisions of the convention to civil and so-called "national liberation" wars. Thus, the main conventions governing the regime of military captivity are: Regulations on the laws and customs of war on land (annex to the 4th Hague Convention 1907) and the 1949 Geneva Convention on the Treatment of Prisoners of War. An innovation was also the extension of the provisions of the convention to civil and so-called "national liberation" wars. Thus, the main conventions governing the regime of military captivity are: Regulations on the laws and customs of war on land (annex to the 4th Hague Convention 1907) and the 1949 Geneva Convention on the Treatment of Prisoners of War.

According to various estimates, the number of Soviet soldiers in German captivity in the years. was According to various estimates, the number of Soviet soldiers in German captivity in the years. ranged from to people. from to person.

After 1945, we had 4 million Germans, Japanese, Hungarians, Austrians, Romanians, Italians, Finns in captivity ... What was the attitude towards them? They were pitied. Of the captured Germans, two-thirds survived, of ours in German camps - a third! “In captivity, we were fed better than the Russians themselves ate. I left a part of my heart in Russia,” testifies one of the German veterans, who survived Soviet captivity and returned to his homeland, Germany. The daily ration of an ordinary prisoner of war according to the boiler allowance for prisoners of war in the NKVD camps was 600 grams of rye bread, 40 grams of meat, 120 grams of fish, 600 grams of potatoes and vegetables, and other products with a total energy value of 2533 kcal per day. After 1945, we had 4 million Germans, Japanese, Hungarians, Austrians, Romanians, Italians, Finns in captivity ... What was the attitude towards them? They were pitied. Of the captured Germans, two-thirds survived, of ours in German camps - a third! “In captivity, we were fed better than the Russians themselves ate. I left a part of my heart in Russia,” testifies one of the German veterans, who survived Soviet captivity and returned to his homeland, Germany. The daily ration of an ordinary prisoner of war according to the boiler allowance for prisoners of war in the NKVD camps was 600 grams of rye bread, 40 grams of meat, 120 grams of fish, 600 grams of potatoes and vegetables, and other products with a total energy value of 2533 kcal per day. Unfortunately, most of the provisions of the Geneva Conventions "On the Treatment of Prisoners of War" remained only on paper. German captivity is one of the darkest phenomena of the Second World War. The picture of fascist captivity was already very difficult, the atrocities did not stop throughout the war. Everyone knows what the "cultured" Germans and Japanese did during the Second World War, conducting experiments on people, mocking them in death camps ... Unfortunately, most of the provisions of the Geneva Conventions "On the Treatment of Prisoners of War" remained only on paper. German captivity is one of the darkest phenomena of the Second World War. The picture of fascist captivity was already very difficult, the atrocities did not stop throughout the war. Everyone knows what the "cultured" Germans and Japanese did during the Second World War, conducting experiments on people, mocking them in death camps ...

The main provisions of international law regarding prisoners of war are as follows: Encroachment on the life and physical integrity of a prisoner of war (murder, mutilation, cruel treatment, torture and torture), as well as an attack on their human dignity, including insulting and degrading treatment, are prohibited . Encroachment on the life and physical integrity of a prisoner of war (murder, mutilation, cruel treatment, torture and torture), as well as an attack on their human dignity, including insulting and degrading treatment, are prohibited. No prisoner of war may be subjected to physical mutilation, scientific or medical experience, unless medical treatment justifies it. No prisoner of war may be subjected to physical mutilation, scientific or medical experience, unless medical treatment justifies it. The state in whose power prisoners of war are located is obliged to support them free of charge, as well as to provide them with appropriate medical assistance; prisoners of war must enjoy the same food, accommodation and clothing as the troops of the state that took them prisoner. The state in whose power prisoners of war are located is obliged to support them free of charge, as well as to provide them with appropriate medical assistance; prisoners of war must enjoy the same food, accommodation and clothing as the troops of the state that took them prisoner.

Property personally owned by prisoners of war, with the exception of weapons, military property and military documents, remains in their possession; they are given complete freedom to practice their religion, and are allowed to send and receive letters, individual or collective parcels, and money orders. Property personally owned by prisoners of war, with the exception of weapons, military property and military documents, remains in their possession; they are given complete freedom to practice their religion, and are allowed to send and receive letters, individual or collective parcels, and money orders. Prisoners of war (with the exception of officers) may be involved in work not related to military operations; prisoners of war may not be employed in dangerous or health-threatening work without their consent. The work performed by prisoners of war must be paid: part of the wages are withheld for the costs of maintaining prisoners of war, and the remaining amount is given to them upon release. Prisoners of war (with the exception of officers) may be involved in work not related to military operations; prisoners of war may not be employed in dangerous or health-threatening work without their consent. The work performed by prisoners of war must be paid: part of the wages are withheld for the costs of maintaining prisoners of war, and the remaining amount is given to them upon release. Prisoners of war must obey the laws, regulations and orders in force in the armed forces of the state in whose captivity they are; for disobedience, judicial or disciplinary measures may be applied to them (collective punishments for individual offenses are prohibited). Prisoners of war must obey the laws, regulations and orders in force in the armed forces of the state in whose captivity they are; for disobedience, judicial or disciplinary measures may be applied to them (collective punishments for individual offenses are prohibited).

Prisoners of war may not be tried or convicted for acts which are not punishable under the laws of the state in whose power they are; they may not be subjected to penalties other than those prescribed for the same acts committed by members of the armed forces of the detaining state. Prisoners of war may not be tried or convicted for acts which are not punishable under the laws of the state in whose power they are; they may not be subjected to penalties other than those prescribed for the same acts committed by members of the armed forces of the detaining state. For a failed escape, prisoners of war are only subject to disciplinary punishment. For a failed escape, prisoners of war are only subject to disciplinary punishment. Any illegal act or omission by the detaining state that results in the death of a prisoner of war or endangers their health is prohibited and constitutes a serious breach of the convention. Those responsible for such acts are considered war criminals and subject to criminal prosecution. Any illegal act or omission by the detaining state that results in the death of a prisoner of war or endangers their health is prohibited and constitutes a serious breach of the convention. Those responsible for such acts are considered war criminals and subject to criminal prosecution.

Socio-poll Socio-poll View of modern schoolchildren on the problem of being in captivity. We invite you to participate in the survey. Please take the questions seriously. Please mark your answer with a tick next to the suggested statements. Respond quickly, as the first reaction of a person is important. If you went to war, and during the hostilities you had to communicate with prisoners of war, how would you behave towards them? If you went to war, and during the hostilities you had to communicate with prisoners of war, how would you behave towards them? A) I would try to find out the problems of these people and would try to help them A) I would try to find out the problems of these people and would try to help them B) I would try to humiliate their dignity B) I would try to humiliate their dignity C) I would try to exchange them for my prisoners of war C ) I would try to exchange them for my prisoners of war D) I would like to find out as much information about the enemy as possible D) I would like to find out as much information about the enemy as possible E) I would behave towards them in accordance with the convention on human rights E) I would behave according to to them according to the convention on human rights E) (other) ______________________________________________ E) (other) ______________________________________________ If you, being a military man, were taken prisoner, how would you behave in this situation? If you, being a military man, were captured, how would you behave in this situation? A) I would tell about everything that I knew about my army. A) I would tell about everything that I knew about my army. B) would throw a tantrum. B) would throw a tantrum. C) Would have behaved aggressively towards those to whom I was captured C) Would have behaved aggressively towards those to whom I had been captured D) Would have come to terms with what was happening D) Would have come to terms with what was happening E) Would have committed suicide E) Would commit suicide F) Would try to escape F) Would try to escape G) Would try to get in contact with the enemy and find a way out of the situation G) Would try to get in contact with the enemy and find a way out of the situation THANK YOU! THANKS!

Boys of grades 8 and 11 (37 students) took part in the socio-survey. Boys of grades 8 and 11 (37 students) took part in the socio-survey. Out of 19 eighth-graders, to the 1st question (If you went to war, and during the hostilities you had to communicate with prisoners of war, how would you behave towards them?), put in the questionnaire, students gave the following answers Out of 19 eighth-graders to the 1st question (If you went to war, and during the hostilities you had to communicate with prisoners of war, how would you behave towards them?), put in the questionnaire, the students gave the following answers A) I would try to find out the problems these people and would try to help them - 6 students, 31.5% A) I would try to find out the problems of these people and would try to help them - 6 students, 31.5% B) I would try to humiliate their dignity 0 0 B ) I would try to humiliate their dignity 0 0 C) I would try to exchange them for my prisoners of war 4 students, 21% C) I would try to exchange them for my prisoners of war 4 students, 21% D) I would like to find out as much information as possible about enemy 9 students, 47.5% D) I would like to find out as much information about the enemy as possible 9 students, 47.5% E) I would behave towards them in accordance with the convention on human rights 0 0 E) Would behave towards them in accordance with the convention on human rights 0 0 To the second question (If you, being a military man, were captured, how would you behave in this situation?) the eighth graders answered in this way To the second question (If you, being a military man, were captured, how would you behave in this situation?) the eighth graders answered in this way his army. 0 0 A) I would tell about everything I knew about my army. 0 0 B) Would throw a tantrum. 0 0 B) Would throw a tantrum. 0 0 C) Behave aggressively towards those to whom he was captured 1 student 5% C) Behave aggressively towards those to whom he was captured 1 student 5% D) Would reconcile with what is happening 1 student 5% D) Would accept what is happening 1 student 5% E) Would commit suicide 0 0 E) Would commit suicide 0 0 F) Would try to escape5 student 26% F) Would try run away 5 students 26% G) would try to get in contact with the enemy and find a way out G) would try to get in contact with the enemy and find a way out of the situation 12 students 64% from the created situation 12 students 64%

A survey conducted among 11 people (18 people participated in the survey) gave the following indicators. A survey conducted among 11 people (18 people participated in the survey) gave the following indicators. To the 1st question (If you went to war, and during the hostilities you had to communicate with prisoners of war, how would you behave towards them?), the opinion of the 11th was divided as follows: To the 1st question (If If you went to war, and during the hostilities you would have to communicate with prisoners of war, how would you behave towards them?) the opinion of the 11s was divided as follows: A) I would try to find out the problems of these people and would strive to help them 3 student 17% A) I would try to find out the problems of these people and would try to help them 3 students 17% B) I would try to humiliate their dignity 0 0 B) I would try to humiliate their dignity 0 0 C) I would try to exchange them for my own prisoners of war 5 students 28% C) I would like to exchange them for my prisoners of war 5 students 28% D) I would like to find out as much information about the enemy as possible 10 students 55% D) I would like to find out as much information about the enemy as possible 10 students 55% E) Would behave towards them in accordance with the convention on human rights 0 0 E) Would behave towards them according to the convention on human rights according to the convention on human rights 0 0 To the second question (If you, being a military man, were captured, how would you behave in this situation?), high school students answered in the following way: military, was taken prisoner, how would you behave in this situation?) high school students answered in this way: A) I would tell about everything I knew about my army. 1 student 5.5% A) I would tell about everything I knew about my army. 1 student 5.5% B) Would throw a tantrum. 0 0 B) Would throw a tantrum. 0 0 C) Behaving aggressively towards those to whom he was captured 1 student 5.5% C) Behaving aggressively towards those to whom he was captured 1 student 5.5% D) I would accept what is happening 1 student 5.5% D) I would accept what is happening 1 student 5.5% E) I would commit suicide 0 0 E) I would commit suicide 0 0 F) I would try to escape 9 student 50% F) Would try to escape 9 students 50% G) Would try to get in contact with the enemy and find a way out G) Would try to get in contact with the enemy and find a way out of the situation 6 students 33.5% of existing situation 6 students 33.5%

Monitoring for Question I A) I would try to find out the problems of these people and would try to help them A) I would try to find out the problems of these people and would try to help them B) I would try to exchange them for my prisoners of war C) I would try to exchange them for my prisoners of war D) I would like to find out as much information about the enemy as possible D) I would like to find out as much information about the enemy as possible

Monitoring for Question II A) I would tell about everything I knew about my army. A) I would tell about everything that I knew about my army. C) Behave aggressively towards those to whom he was captured C) Behave aggressively towards those to whom he was captured D) Would accept what is happening D) Would be resigned to what is happening E) Would try to escape F ) Would try to escape G) Would try to make contact with the enemy and find a way out G) Would try to make contact with the enemy and find a way out

Observations show that students of both 8th and 11th grades focus on and highlight certain items from the proposed list. It is very unfortunate that none of the students noted item D in the first question (I would have behaved towards them (prisoners of war) in accordance with the convention on human rights). I think this is due to the fact that the students are not familiar with the 3rd section: "Protection of prisoners of war" from the "Basic Provisions of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols".

The ICRC and PRISONERS OF WAR (SECTION 3) 10. Assistance provided by the ICRC and other relief societies 10. Assistance provided by the ICRC and other relief societies significant that the Convention dedicates an entire article to them in order to encourage their activity and to promote it in every possible way. The role of the relief societies, the ICRC and the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in helping prisoners of war during the two world wars was so significant that the Convention dedicates an entire article to them in order to encourage and promote their activities in every possible way. In accordance with this article, the Powers are obliged to provide the societies with their duly authorized delegates with all facilities for visiting prisoners of war, distributing aid packages and materials of any origin intended for religious and educational purposes, and also for helping prisoners of war to organize their leisure inside the camps. The special position of the International Committee of the Red Cross in this field must always be recognized and respected. In accordance with this article, the Powers are obliged to provide the societies with their duly authorized delegates with all facilities for visiting prisoners of war, distributing aid packages and materials of any origin intended for religious and educational purposes, and also for helping prisoners of war to organize their leisure inside the camps. The special position of the International Committee of the Red Cross in this field must always be recognized and respected.

11. The right of the Protecting Powers and the ICRC to visit prisoners of war 11. The right of the Protecting Powers and the ICRC to visit prisoners of war . They must have access to all premises used by prisoners of war. Representatives of the ICRC enjoy the same rights. The appointment of these representatives shall be subject to the approval of the Power holding the prisoners of war to be visited. The Convention further provides that representatives or delegates of the Protecting Powers should be allowed to visit all places where prisoners of war are found, in particular places of internment, imprisonment and work. They must have access to all premises used by prisoners of war. Representatives of the ICRC enjoy the same rights. The appointment of these representatives shall be subject to the approval of the Power holding the prisoners of war to be visited. The parties to the conflict must provide the International Committee of the Red Cross with all means within their means to enable it to carry out its humanitarian mission entrusted to it by the Conventions and the Protocol in order to provide protection and assistance to the victims of conflicts. The ICRC may also carry out any other humanitarian action in favor of such victims, subject to the consent of the parties concerned in the conflict. The Federation of Red Cross Societies and the National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies are also entitled to all assistance in carrying out their humanitarian mission. The parties to the conflict must provide the International Committee of the Red Cross with all means within their means to enable it to carry out its humanitarian mission entrusted to it by the Conventions and the Protocol in order to provide protection and assistance to the victims of conflicts. The ICRC may also carry out any other humanitarian action in favor of such victims, subject to the consent of the parties concerned in the conflict. The Federation of Red Cross Societies and the National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies are also entitled to all assistance in carrying out their humanitarian mission.

Luneva OS The Angel of Peace The RED CROSS rushes to the rescue, Glorifying humanity in our world, Granting shelter and bread to the humiliated, Protecting human rights throughout the earth. The grain of humanity carries into the hearts of people, He will extend a helping hand to the captives, Hastens ... Where the heat of passions reigns, Our ANGEL OF PEACE spreads its wings! 2009

Materials used: 1. "For the sake of peace on earth" stories of Soviet writers about the Second World War, Moscow, Pravda publishing house, 1990. 2. "Russian literature of the twentieth century" reader, Moscow, "Enlightenment", 1997. 3. "Basic Provisions of the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols to Them", International Committee of the Red Cross, Moscow, 2003. 4.Internet resources.

Mercy
2. The problem of mercy to the defeated enemy was shown by Sholokhov in the work “Quiet Flows the Don”. This happened in 1914, where the author shows the perception of people in the first days of the war. We will consider only the episode where each Cossack treated the prisoner differently. Chubaty was the first to notice him and led him to a pine tree. The prisoner was fussing, trembling, unfastening the buckle. His life was on the verge of death, and this hair could have been torn off by the Cossack Gregory, but, strangely enough, he "carefully helped him." Grigory showed mercy to the prisoner, in contrast to Chubaty, who perceived people "like dough." The prisoner felt fear, he tried in every possible way to dissuade Grigory and other Cossacks from Chubaty leading him to the headquarters. The horror in his eyes, "raised whirlwinds and a confident, gallant gait" remained in Grigory's memory. He didn't want death for someone who could easily kill him. But he could not calmly react to the fact that Chubaty "cut down" the prisoner. That's why he tried to shoot the one who shot at the unarmed hussar. Thus, the manifestation of mercy in relation to the defeated enemy should be inherent in every warrior, since this trait is an integral part of a truly good human being.
People's need for comfort
2. KROTOV VG Chervyachok Ignatius and his dreams. but he sobbed very sadly.
The worm Ignatius knew that the moth had something to worry about. Something happened to Micah with the left wing. It became more and more difficult for them to wave, the doctors shrugged and did not know what to advise. Now I can't fly at all.
How to console him? Maybe consolations will only make him worse? But the worm Ignatius could not leave him to grieve alone.
“Once I dreamed of being a magician,” he said thoughtfully, not even addressing Micha, just to himself. - If someone is ill, you will say a special spell, just for this occasion, and everything will be fine.
“Yeah,” Mikha said in a trembling voice, but without sobs, “I dreamed, I dreamed, but I didn’t dream.
- And then I gradually understood one amazing thing, - continued the worm Ignatius. “It's not just WHAT happened to you, but WHY. If you think about it before, it turns out better than any spell. For example, what would you say about becoming a wizard?
- Like this? - the moth was surprised.
- Oh, this is a business conversation, - the worm was delighted. Let's discuss everything in detail.
They got into a conversation, and the conversation dragged on for a long time ... ".

1. An internal enemy - breast cancer with a probability of 87 percent scared the actress Angelina Jolie so much that she decided on a bilateral amputation. According to the actress, she deliberately made her own story public in order to try to save other women. The threat of breast cancer, which forced Jolie to go under the surgeon's knife, many realize too late. Angelina Jolie: “I am lucky to have a partner, Brad Pitt, who gives me love and support. So anyone whose wife or girlfriend is going through this should know that you are a very important support. During each operation, Brad was at the Pink Lotus Center, where I was treated. Together we managed to find reasons to laugh. We knew that treatment was a necessary thing for our family and that it would bring us closer. And so it happened."

Team work.
1. in social psychology - an organized system of activity of interacting individuals, aimed at the expedient production, reproduction of objects of material and spiritual culture. Distinctive features of joint activity:
1) spatial and temporal co-presence of participants, creating the possibility of direct personal contact between them - the exchange of actions, information, as well as mutual perception;
2) the presence of a single goal - an anticipated result of activity that meets the common interests and contributes to the realization of the needs of each of the participants; as a prototype of the result and, together, the initial moment of activity, the goal also belongs to the constitutive features;
3) the presence of organizational and management bodies, embodied either in the person of one of the participants, endowed with special powers, or distributed;
4) division of the process of activity between the participants, due to the nature of the goal, means and conditions for achieving it, the composition and skill level of the performers; this implies the interdependence of individuals, manifested: a) either in the final product of activity - in this case, individual operations are performed in parallel and do not depend on the sequence of actions of others; b) either in the very process of its production - in this case, individual operations are interdependent (specialized and hierarchized), because they must be performed simultaneously as functionally different components of a complex operation, or in a strict sequence, when the result of one operation serves as a condition for starting another;
5) the emergence of interpersonal relations in the course of activity - on the basis of subject-specific functional-role interactions and acquiring a relatively independent character over time; initially conditioned by the content of activity, they themselves influence its process and results. S.Yu. Golovin. Practical Psychologist Dictionary