Why the story of a dog's heart is interesting to the modern reader. Composition on the topic The relevance of the story M

the story "Heart of a Dog", written in 1926, is a vivid example of Bulgakov's satire. She develops Gogol's traditions, organically combining two principles: fantastic and realistic. This characteristic feature of the writer's satire is also embodied in such works of his as "The Diaboliad" and "Fatal Eggs". All three satirical stories contain the writer's warning addressed to his contemporaries, which they did not hear. Today we cannot but be amazed by the amazing insight of Bulgakov, who managed to feel the danger of scientific discoveries that got out of control, to urge people to be as careful as possible in dealing with the unknown forces of nature.

The center of the story "Heart of a Dog" is an experiment by Professor Preobrazhensky, which turned the sweet, glorious dog Sharik into a short man of unsympathetic appearance. In this creature that appeared as a result of scientific experience, the makings of an eternally hungry and humiliated dog were combined with the qualities of his human donor - an alcoholic and criminal Klim Chugunkin. Such heredity makes the process of Sharikov's upbringing very difficult. On the one hand, Professor Preobrazhensky and his assistant Dr. Bormental unsuccessfully try to instill in him the rules of good manners, to develop and educate him. But of the whole system of cultural events, Sharikov likes only the circus, because he calls the theater a counter-revolution, and he does not have the slightest interest in books. On the one hand, life itself intervenes in the process of Sharikov's upbringing. First of all, in the person of Shvonder, chairman of the house committee, who seeks to turn yesterday's Sharik into a conscious builder of socialism as soon as possible, stuffing him with proletarian slogans and books like the correspondence between Engels and Kautsky. Many statements of Polygraph Polygraphych are clearly borrowed from his benefactor Shvonder, who deliberately incites his pet against the hated professor. The chairman of the house committee cannot in any way forget his shameful defeat in Preobrazhensky's apartment, come to terms with the fact that the professor still occupies seven rooms and is not subject to any compaction, because the life of influential bosses depends on his talent as a surgeon. This means that Shvonder sees in Sharikov a kind of instrument of revenge.

showing how Sharikov’s evolution proceeds, how he gradually becomes bolder and more aggressive, Bulgakov makes the reader, who laughs merrily at comic situations and witty remarks, feel the terrible danger of Sharikovism, this new social phenomenon that began to emerge in the 1920s. The revolutionary government encourages informing, informing, releasing the basest instincts of uncultured and uneducated people. It gives them a sense of power over smart, cultured, intelligent people. The Sharikovs, who have seized power, pose a terrible threat to society. Bulgakov refers in his story to the reasons for their appearance. If Sharikov arose as a result of the scientific experience of Professor Preobrazhensky, then such people with a dog's heart can appear as a result of that risky experiment, which was called in our country the construction of socialism, an experiment of enormous scale and very dangerous. An attempt to create a new just society, to educate a free and conscious person by revolutionary, that is, violent methods, according to the writer, was initially doomed to failure. After all, the desire "to the ground" to destroy the old world with its eternal universal moral values ​​and build life on a fundamentally new basis - this means forcibly interfering with the natural course of things. The consequences of this intervention will be deplorable. Philip Philipovich understands this when he mournfully reflects on why his brilliant scientific experiment gave birth to a real monster, which began to pose a mortal danger to everyone around him. This happened because the researcher violated the laws of nature, and this should never be done.

The story "Heart of a Dog", written in 1925, M. Bulgakov did not see printed, as it was confiscated from the author along with his diaries by the OGPU during a search. "Heart of a Dog" - the last satirical story of the writer. Everything that was called the construction of socialism was perceived by the writer Bulgakov as an experiment. The author of the story is skeptical about attempts to create a new, perfect society by revolutionary, that is, not excluding violence, methods and methods of educating a new person. For him, this was an interference in the natural course of things, the consequences of which could be disastrous, including for the "experimenters" themselves. This is what the author warns readers about with his work. The story is based on a risky experiment. When Professor Preobrazhensky, in the course of his scientific experiments, unexpectedly for himself, gets a man out of a dog and then tries to educate this creature, he has reason to count on success. After all, he is a great scientist, a man of high culture and high moral standards. But he is defeated. Why? Partly because life itself intervenes in the process of Sharikov's upbringing. First of all, in the person of the pre-house committee Shvonder, who strives to immediately turn this child of experiment into a conscious builder of socialism. He is "stuffed" with slogans. Engels gives to read. This is for yesterday's Sharik. And heredity?.. The makings of a homeless, always hungry and humiliated dog combined with the makings of a criminal and an alcoholic. This is how Sharikov turned out - a creature that is by nature aggressive, arrogant and cruel. He lacked only one thing: the famous revolutionary slogan: "Who was nothing, he will become everything." Shvonder armed Sharikov with an ideological phrase, that is, he is his ideologist, his "spiritual shepherd." The paradox is that, while helping a creature with a "dog's heart" to establish itself, he is also digging a hole for himself. Setting Sharikov against the professor, Shvonder does not understand that someone else can easily set Sharikov against Shvonder himself. It is enough for a man with a dog's heart to point to anyone, to say that he is an enemy, and Sharikov will humiliate him, destroy him. How reminiscent of the Soviet era and especially the thirties ... Yes, this happens even today. The end of the story with the professor's experiment is almost idyllic. Preobrazhensky returns Sharikov to his original state, and since then everyone has been doing his own thing: the professor - science, Sharik - dog service to the professor. People like Sharikov are proud of their low origin, "average" education, because this distinguishes them from those who are high in spirit and mind, and therefore, in their opinion, should be trampled into the dirt. Only in this way will Sharikov rise above them. You involuntarily ask yourself the question: how many of them were there and how many of them are among us now? Thousands, tens, hundreds of thousands? Outwardly, the Sharikovs are no different from people, but they are always among us. This is, for example, a people's judge who, in the interests of a career and the fulfillment of a plan to solve crimes, condemns an innocent. This may be a doctor who turns away from the patient, or an official whose bribes have already become the order of the day. This is a well-known deputy who, at the first opportunity to grab a tidbit, throws off his mask, and, showing his true nature, is ready to betray his voters. Everything that is loftiest and most holy turns into its opposite, because an animal always lives in such people. The Sharikovs, with their truly canine vitality, do not look at anything, they will go everywhere over the heads of others. The heart of a dog in union with the human mind is the main threat of our time. That is why this story, written at the beginning of the century, remains relevant today and serves as a warning to future generations.

1. Is it possible to consider the story of M.A. Bulgakov only as an entertaining story about the transformation of a dog into a man and the turn of a man into a dog?
2. "Sharikovism" and "Shvonderism" - how to understand these terms. Dog's heart.
3. why do you think the story of a dog's heart turned out to be interesting to numerous readers and viewers many decades after its creation

1. The story is a masterpiece of Bulgakov's satire, which science fiction helps to reflect the reality of the 1920s.
E. Zamyatin called Bulgakov's prose "fantasy, rooted in everyday life."

2. "Sharikovschina" is petty vindictiveness, when the inability to bite may well be compensated by yelping from afar. This is the raking of heat with the wrong hands and the readiness to squeal and tuck your tail at any moment.

"Sharikovschina" is an unwillingness to break out of one's limited and often dirty environment. This demonstrative darkness - "learning to read is absolutely useless when the meat smells like that from a mile away."
This is the ability to draw primitive conclusions, subordinated to selfish interests, even from the most intelligent things.

Sharikovism is ingratitude in all its manifestations, even to those who gave you life. This is a painful pride - "I did not ask you."
This is selfishness and unwillingness to understand people who differ in their way of thinking. It is much easier to declare them unconscious - it is always easier to accuse another of stupidity than to admit one's own poverty of the mind.

Sharikovshchina is an elementary worldly meanness. This is a method of stick and carrot to a deliberately defenseless person. You must be mine. And if today you refuse cars and pineapples, then tomorrow you will be laid off. One could continue, but everything is already clear. Clear and scary. After all, "Sharikovism" is not only the focus of abomination and vices. It is also the surest way to survive among people. The one who lives according to the method of Polygraph Poligrafovich is invulnerable. He will be able to get out of any trouble, he will defeat any opponent, he will overcome any obstacle.

Sharikov's main ally is Shvonder, chairman of the house committee. Shvonder generates "Sharikovism" no worse than Polygraph Poligrafovich himself.
Shvonder sees in Sharikov his twin, brother. And therefore takes a lively part in shaping the fate of the product of the experiment. And he gives him a name and subsequently arranges for a position. And Sharikov only needs this - he grows in his own eyes, he has more and more courage and impudence to puff out his chest in front of Bormental and Preobrazhensky. After all, in fact, there is an exact repetition of the domestication of the tramp. There was a homeless dog Sharik - he became a professor's pet, there was a rootless product of medical experience - he became the head of cleaning. Only now Sharikov is tamed by Shvonder.

3. Sharikovshchina turned out to be tenacious.

No .. this is an allegorical description .. of reality at that time. .
Sharikovshchina ... Talks about how in those days .. bloody massacres, narrow-minded people from the street rabble .. could decide the fate of people .. (bloody executions of the troika)
Everyone finds something of their own in his stories ... but you don’t drive the answer into some framework

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The story "Heart of a Dog", written in 1925, M. Bulgakov did not see printed, as it was confiscated from the author along with his diaries by the OGPU during a search. "Heart of a Dog" - the last satirical story of the writer.

Everything that was called the construction of socialism was perceived by the writer Bulgakov as an experiment. The author of the story is skeptical about attempts to create a new, perfect society by revolutionary, that is, not excluding violence, methods and methods of educating a new person. For him, this was an interference in the natural course of things, the consequences of which could be disastrous, including for the "experimenters" themselves. This is what the author warns readers about with his work.

The story is based on a risky experiment. When Professor Preobrazhensky, in the course of his scientific experiments, unexpectedly for himself, gets a man out of a dog and then tries to educate this creature, he has reason to count on success. After all, he is a great scientist, a man of high culture and high moral standards. But he is defeated. Why? Partly because life itself intervenes in the process of Sharikov's upbringing. First of all, in the person of the pre-house committee Shvonder, who strives to immediately turn this child of experiment into a conscious builder of socialism. He is "stuffed" with slogans. Engels gives to read. This is for yesterday's Sharik. What about heredity?

The makings of a homeless, eternally hungry and humiliated dog combined with the makings of a criminal and an alcoholic. This is how Sharikov turned out - a creature, by nature aggressive, arrogant and cruel. He lacked only one thing: the famous revolutionary slogan: "Who was nothing, he will become everything."

Shvonder armed Sharikov with an ideological phrase, that is, he is his ideologist, his "spiritual shepherd." The paradox is that, while helping a being with a "dog heart" to establish itself, he is also digging a hole for himself. Setting Sharikov against the professor, Shvonder does not understand that someone else can easily set Sharikov against Shvonder himself. It is enough for a man with a dog's heart to point at anyone, to say that he is an enemy, and Sharikov will humiliate him, destroy him. How it reminds of the Soviet era, and especially the thirties ... Yes, this happens even today.

The end of the story with the professor's experiment is almost idyllic. Preobrazhensky returns Sharikov to his original state, and since then everyone has been doing his own thing: the professor - science, Sharik - dog service to the professor.

People like Sharikov are proud of their low origin, "average" education, because this distinguishes them from those who are high in spirit and mind, and therefore, in their opinion, should be trampled into the dirt. Only in this way will Sharikov rise above them. You involuntarily ask yourself the question: how many of them were there and how many of them are among us now? Thousands, tens, hundreds of thousands? Outwardly, the Sharikovs are no different from people, but they are always among us.

This is, for example, a people's judge who, in the interests of a career and the fulfillment of a plan to solve crimes, condemns an innocent. It can be a doctor who turns away from the patient, or an official whose bribes are already in the order of things. This is a well-known deputy who, at the first opportunity to grab a tidbit, throws off his mask, and, showing his true nature, is ready to betray his voters. Everything that is loftiest and most holy turns into its opposite, because an animal always lives in such people.

The Sharikovs, with their truly canine vitality, do not look at anything, they will go everywhere over the heads of others. The heart of a dog in union with the human mind is the main threat of our time. That is why this story, written at the beginning of the century, remains relevant today and serves as a warning to future generations.