Primitive people. What did they look like, what did they know? Scientists are confident that they have found convincing answers to these questions. So when did primitive people appear? Where can you find wild tribes today?

Ancient people, or rather their very first species, appeared approximately 2.5 million years ago. If you stick to Darwin's theory, which some consider insane, then they are descended from Australopithecus, these creatures are the highest among all primates. They appeared in Africa 2.5-3.5 million years ago. These monkeys had small brains and massive jaws. They could hold various objects in their hands, such as sticks or stones, and also move with a straight back.

Perhaps a key factor in evolution was that they could use the things around them. This gave impetus to the work of the brain. A mutation occurred in the genes of the South African monkeys, resulting in a "upright man" or Homo erectus.

"Human erectus" is still a man or does it refer to an animal?

Homo erectus is the first wild man who began to explore European expanses. When exactly this species reached the lands of Europe is difficult to say, since the opinions of historians differ, and they give different dates. "Upright Walkers" have already realized that it is much easier to survive together and began to gather in small tribes. With a collective mind, they thought of elementary actions and began to develop simple hunting tactics and build huts. They began to use fire, but could not yet produce it. Homo erectus also understood that the dead should be buried. Some scholars claim that they worshiped certain types of animals.

What are their common features? The chin was less protruding, the forehead was slightly inclined, the right hand was more developed than the left. However, in general, they were similar to the previous species. Body covered with hair, long arms and legs. They communicated with the help of gestures and chaotic cries.

Neanderthals: who are they and where did they go?

200,000 years ago, the first primitive people, called Neanderthals, appeared on the territory of Europe. After living there for quite a long time, they disappeared in an instant. Scientists have put forward some assumptions, but to this day there is no exact information.

The first Neanderthal skull was found in Germany. To date, scientists are confident that they may be direct descendants of the human race. Their gene is present in the DNA of modern man in the content from 1 to 4%. And not only among Africans. Most scientists recognize that our direct descendants are the Cro-Magnons, who lived not after the Neanderthals, but at the same time as them. These species coexisted for about 20,000 years. It also indicates that, in part, we may still carry mixed genes.

Why did the Neanderthals become extinct? There are many versions, but none of them has found significant confirmation. Some say that the ice age is to blame, while others say that another human species could arrange genocide. In any case, the fact remains that the Neanderthals died out, and the Cro-Magnons continued to exist, as they were more predisposed to intellectual activity.

Cro-Magnons - the forerunners of modern man

The development of the Cro-Magnons differed significantly from the evolution of their predecessors. Outwardly, they are not much different from modern people. In some sources, they are confused with the concept of "reasonable man", believing that they are not much different. But in fact, there are differences, and you should not confuse them.

In Ethiopia, intact skulls of this species have been preserved. Their age is approximately 160 thousand years. These wild people had an almost identical appearance with modern man. If you look at the skull, you can see that the superciliary arches are not very pronounced, the forehead is convex, and the face is smooth. This people can be safely called the longest-lived human species on earth. California scientists managed to discover that the first people on Earth appeared about 200,000 years ago in Africa, and then they began to actively populate the entire planet. At the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic (a period of about 40,000 years ago), their habitat covered almost the entire planet.

How did wild people live?

Despite the fact that the first man appeared on Earth a very long time ago, archaeologists managed to recreate his daily life. At first it became known that ancient people lived in small communities, since it was almost impossible to exist alone at that time, and those who renounced their tribe most often simply died. Even at that time, people were segmented and, as a result of distribution, they were given a job that was within their power. Ancient people have already adapted to the use of sticks and stones and with their help they got their own food and equipped the territory for the tribe.

They very often changed their place of residence, because they were constantly in search of food. Most often, ancient people set up camp at watering places, where they got their own food. Since they could not create a full-fledged housing, they took refuge in caves and gorges. Over time, the area around the cave was devastated, there was less and less food, therefore, the tribes had to move.

Even then, man learned to make fire. He was kept in caves and was not allowed to go out day and night.

The first city on Earth was built 3400 BC in South America. This building was the same age as the Egyptian pyramids. Is it a coincidence? Interesting is the fact that the houses were built with enviable accuracy, it is obvious that the city was carefully designed before the construction.

What did the wild people wear?

About 170 thousand years ago, man first thought about clothing. It was she who helped him leave Africa and migrate to places with a colder climate. In the cold, a person began to think more actively about survival, and so the intellectual component began to develop.

At first, with the help of clothes, people protected themselves from a mysterious threat from the outside. Then they came to wrap themselves in skins to escape the cold.

Wild people today

You and I are the "fruits" of evolution. However, there are people on the planet who have not been able to experience the benefits of the modern world. Most of them are the wild peoples of Africa and the tribes living in the Amazon. Time for these people stopped a few thousand years ago.

What tribes do we know today?

• Sentinelese living on Sentinel Island. They can foresee natural disasters. Modern researchers have tried to contact them, but to no avail.
• Masai. An aggressive African tribe, their appearance is characterized by the fact that from childhood they cut their lip and insert a large ring there. Polygamy flourishes in the tribe, as there are an order of magnitude more women.
• Groups of Nicobar and Andaman tribes make a living by regularly raiding each other. Periodically, some of them are forced to carry out acts of cannibalism, as the food supply is replenished extremely rarely.
• Piraha. A very undeveloped but friendly tribe. The complete absence of mythology speaks of the primitiveness of the tribe.

Conclusion

Tribes consisting of wild people exist to this day. They eschew modern man, as they subconsciously understand that he is able to change their usual way of life. In most cases, they treat researchers with misunderstanding and aggression. However, every year their numbers are decreasing, which indicates that civilization is conquering more and more new horizons.

§ 1. How did primitive man become rational?

Lesson task. Be able to explain concepts work, ability, creativity.

A long time ago, people lived on Earth, not at all similar to modern man. These were primitive people. They lived in caves and dressed in animal skins. (You will learn more about the era of primitiveness in the lessons of the history of the Ancient World.)

It is hard to imagine that primitive people were our ancestors.

But it is so. After many millions of years, a modern man appeared ( reasonable man) - just like you and me. How did it happen?

Ancient man needed to get his own food, sew clothes and build a home.

That was not easy. It took a lot of effort and labor. The more complex tasks a person set for himself, the more perfect his work became. The tools he used in his work were also improved. With the help of a stone ax, a wooden spear, a bone knife, he obtained food for himself, sewed clothes from skins. Primitive man turned into skillful man. His hands became dexterous. The brain developed.

At first he hunted animals, and then he began to tame them. Sheep, goats, pigs and cows gradually became domestic animals. Previously, he dug up edible roots, tore the fruits of wild plants, and now he began to sow barley and wheat, bake hearty cakes from flour. Previously, he wandered through forests, mountains and valleys in search of food, but now he began to intelligently plan his work. I thought about how to grow crops, get sheep or cows, build a paddock or barn for them.

Labor helped primitive people develop their capabilities. They learned to speak articulately, to communicate with each other. Got some free time for creativity, that is, to create completely new, hitherto unknown tools, decorations, images.

It will be a long time before a person learns to write, to transfer his knowledge and experience to those who will live after him. He will learn to know himself and the world around him.

Thus, step by step, ancient man, powerless in the face of the vagaries of nature, turned into a rational being, a modern man.

Questions and tasks for the paragraph

1. How did primitive people live? Consider the illustrations for the paragraph.

2. Highlight the reasons that contributed to the transformation of primitive man into a man of a reasonable modern species.

3. What role did labor play in this? Give examples of how work influenced human development.

4 * . Using additional literature and Internet resources, define the concept of "labor".

5. How did early man know the world?

Read, retell, discuss

Youth Bars

The tribe that had camped at Big Spear Mountain a few months ago was worried. The young man Bars refused to go hunting with all the men. “You will die of hunger,” the elder told him. “We will miss you.” To this, Bars replied: “Don't worry about me. I know what I do". While his tribesmen were hunting, he collected various herbs and roots, saying: “Here is my meat. And here is my meat. And he put the plants in a bag woven from grass.

He liked to sit for long hours on the bank of the stream. Beautiful patterns and mysterious signs appeared on the wet sand. These signs were very popular with the members of the tribe. They copied them on small flat stones and took them with them - for good luck.

The tribesmen watched the strange young man for a long time. They could not explain his eccentricities. He did not hunt, but he was healthy, strong, never sick. And then they decided to choose him as the Keeper of the Secret: after all, he knew what they did not know.

... Bars was the first among them to think independently - a primitive scientist.

Finish the story

A ten-year-old hill tribe girl caught a fawn. The elders told her to bring the deer to the fire in the evening to eat it. But the kind girl fell in love with the baby deer very much ...

Choose related words

Capabilities. Creation. Work. Human.

Reflecting on the past

1. Were primitive people cruel or kind?

2. Did they take care of the children?

3 * . Using a dictionary or the Internet, formulate what abilities are and what abilities primitive people had.

Work with drawings

Look at the drawings and choose which of them relate to primitive society, and which to a later period of time and to the present. Make up short stories.

play around

Primitive man finds himself in a modern general store. He is hungry and wants to find some clothes. The salespeople are trying to teach him how to behave in the store.

Fill in the diagram

Using your knowledge of the history of the Ancient World, fill in the diagram of the transformation of a primitive man into a modern man.

As soon as a person acquired a mind, he became interested in how everything works. Why doesn't water overflow over the edge of the world? Does the sun revolve around the earth? What is inside black holes?

The Socratic “I know that I know nothing” means that we are aware of the amount of still unknown in this world. We have gone from myths to quantum physics, but there are still more questions than answers, and they are only getting more complicated.

Cosmogonic myths

Myth is the first way by which people explained the origin and structure of everything around them and their own existence. Cosmogonic myths tell how the world appeared out of chaos or non-existence. The deities are involved in the creation of the universe in myth. Depending on the specific culture, the resulting cosmology (the idea of ​​the structure of the world) is different. For example, the firmament of heaven could appear as a lid, the shell of a world egg, the flap of a giant shell, or the skull of a giant.

As a rule, in all these stories there is a division of the initial chaos into heaven and earth (top and bottom), the creation of an axis (the core of the universe), the creation of natural objects and living beings. Basic concepts common to different peoples are called archetypes.

The physicist Alexander Ivanchik talks about the early stages of the evolution of the Universe and the origin of chemical elements in the Post-Science lecture.

The world is like a body

Ancient man cognized the world with the help of his body, measured distances with steps and elbows, worked a lot with his hands. This is reflected in the personification of nature (thunder is the result of the blows of God's hammer, the wind - the deity blows). The world was also associated with a large body.

For example, in Scandinavian mythology, the world was created from the body of the giant Ymir, whose eyes became water bodies, and his hair became forests. In Hindu mythology, this function was taken over by Purusha, in Chinese - by Pangu. In all cases, the structure of the visible world is associated with the body of an anthropomorphic being, a great ancestor or deity, who sacrifices himself in order for the world to appear. At the same time, man himself is a microcosm, the universe in miniature.

great tree

Another archetypal plot that often appears among different peoples is the axis of the world, the world mountain or the world tree. For example, the Scandinavian ash Yggdrasil. Images of a tree, in the center of which there is a human figure, were also found among the Mayans and Aztecs. In the Hindu Vedas, the sacred tree was called Ashwattha, in Turkic mythology - Baiterek. The world tree connects the lower, middle and upper worlds, its roots are in the underground regions, and the crown goes to heaven.

Ride me, big turtle!

The mythology of the world turtle floating in the boundless ocean, on whose back the Earth rests, is found among the peoples of ancient India and ancient China, in the legends of the indigenous population of North America. Elephant, snake, and whale are mentioned in various versions of the giant "supporting animals" myth.

Cosmological representations of the Greeks

Greek philosophers laid down the astronomical concepts that we still use today. Different philosophers of their school had their own point of view on the model of the universe. For the most part, they adhered to the geocentric system of the world.

The concept assumed that in the center of the world there is a motionless Earth, around which the Sun, Moon and stars revolve. In this case, the planets revolve around the Earth, forming the "Earth system". Tycho Brahe also denied the daily rotation of the Earth.

Scientific Enlightenment Revolution

Geographical discoveries, sea voyages, the development of mechanics and optics made the picture of the world more complex and complete. Since the 17th century, the “telescopic era” began: observation of celestial bodies at a new level became available to man and the path to a deeper study of space opened up. From a philosophical point of view, the world was conceived as objectively knowable and mechanistic.

Johannes Kepler and the orbits of celestial bodies

Tycho Brahe's student Johannes Kepler, who adhered to the Copernican theory, discovered the laws of motion of celestial bodies. The universe, according to his theory, is a sphere, inside of which the solar system is located. Having formulated three laws, which are now called "Kepler's laws", he described the movement of planets around the Sun in orbits and replaced circular orbits with ellipses.

Discoveries of Galileo Galilei

Galileo defended Copernicanism, adhering to the heliocentric system of the world, and also insisted that the Earth has a daily rotation (spins around its axis). This led him to the famous disagreement with the Roman Church, which did not support the theory of Copernicus.

Galileo built his own telescope, discovered the moons of Jupiter, and explained the glow of the Moon by sunlight reflected by the Earth.

All this was evidence that the Earth is of the same nature as other celestial bodies, which also have "moons" and move. Even the Sun turned out to be not ideal, which refuted the Greek ideas about the perfection of the mountain world - Galileo saw spots on it.

Newton's model of the universe

Isaac Newton discovered the law of universal gravitation, developed a unified system of terrestrial and celestial mechanics and formulated the laws of dynamics - these discoveries formed the basis of classical physics. Newton proved Kepler's laws from the position of gravity, declared that the Universe is infinite and formulated his ideas about matter and density.

His work "The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" in 1687 summarized the results of the studies of his predecessors and laid down a method for creating a model of the Universe using mathematical analysis.

20th century: everything is relative

A qualitative breakthrough in man's understanding of the world in the twentieth century was the general theory of relativity (GR), which was brought out in 1916 by Albert Einstein. According to Einstein's theory, space is not something immutable, time has a beginning and an end and can flow differently under different conditions.

General Relativity is still the most influential theory of space, time, motion and gravity - that is, everything that makes up the physical reality and principles of the world. The theory of relativity states that space must either expand or contract. So it turned out that the Universe is dynamic, not stationary.

The American astronomer Edwin Hubble proved that our Milky Way galaxy, in which the solar system is located, is only one of hundreds of billions of other galaxies in the Universe. Exploring distant galaxies, he concluded that they are running away, moving away from each other, and suggested that the universe is expanding.

Based on the concept of the constant expansion of the Universe, it turns out that it was once in a compressed state. The event that caused the transition from a very dense state of matter to expansion was called big bang.

21st century: dark matter and the multiverse

Today we know that the Universe is expanding at an accelerated rate: this is facilitated by the pressure of "dark energy", which is struggling with the force of gravity. "Dark energy", the nature of which is still not clear, makes up the bulk of the universe. Black holes are "gravitational graves" in which matter and radiation disappear, and into which, presumably, dead stars turn.

The age of the Universe (time since the beginning of the expansion) is estimated at 13-15 billion years.

We realized our non-uniqueness - after all, there are so many stars and planets around. Therefore, the question of the origin of life on Earth is considered by modern scientists in the context of why the Universe arose at all, where this became possible.

Galaxies, stars and planets revolving around them, and atoms themselves exist only because the push of dark energy at the time of the Big Bang was enough to prevent the Universe from collapsing again, and at the same time so that space did not fly apart too much. The probability of this is very small, so some modern theoretical physicists suggest that there are many parallel universes.

Theoretical physicists believe that some universes may have 17 dimensions, others may contain stars and planets like ours, and some may consist of nothing more than an amorphous field.

Alan Lightmanphysicist

However, it is impossible to refute this with the help of an experiment, so other scientists believe that the concept of the Multiverse should be considered rather philosophical.

Today's ideas about the Universe are largely related to the unsolved problems of modern physics. Quantum mechanics, whose constructions differ significantly from what classical mechanics says, physical paradoxes and new theories assure us that the world is much more diverse than it seems, and the results of observations largely depend on the observer.

The most ancient man, he is also a primitive man, has been relatively well studied in our time thanks to the work of archaeologists. It was modern archeology that was able to more or less show the history of the most ancient period of mankind - the primitive era and primitive society, it (archeology) is the only source of knowledge about those distant times (after all, primitive people, alas, did not leave us any written evidence). What was the history of primitive society, what culture and life of primitive people, read about all this in our article.

History of primitive people

Most of the skeletons of primitive people were found by archaeologists on the African continent, which gives scientists reason to believe that Africa was the birthplace of mankind. Also, it was here that the first stone tools were found, which are approximately 2-2.5 million years old. It is this time 2-2.5 million years ago that is considered the conditional date of the appearance of man.

If you believe the theory of evolution of Charles Darwin, then the appearance of modern man, the so-called "Homo sapience", was preceded by Australopithecus, and then "Homo habilis" - a skilled man. Australopithecus and "Homo habilis" were a kind of intermediate link between modern man and his closest relative - the monkey (again, according to the theory of Charles Darwin). They already confidently moved on two legs, had developed hands, capable of not only holding a stone or a stick, but also confidently using them, as well as other primitive tools. But unlike modern people, they still did not know how to speak, but communicated with each other with the help of cries, exclamations and gestures, and their bodies were still covered with hair.

Australopithecus could look something like this.

It is worth noting that the hypothesis of Charles Darwin has many dark spots, and some scientists believe that the found skeletons of Australopithecus are a skillful fake.

Whatever it was, the first traces of a “reasonable person” date back to 250 yew. years ago. The primitive intelligent man, who is also a Neanderthal, finally found speech, for the first time, began to use caves as shelters and housing (hence the name "cave era", "cave people"). During this period of the history of primitive people, religion, culture and its eternal attribute, art, appeared. The amazing cave paintings in many caves around the world are excellent examples of the art of primitive people, and this is without a doubt the first manifestation of art in history.

Neanderthals, unlike Australopithecus, buried their dead relatives, surrounded their graves with stones and flowers, had various religious and magical rites and rituals, as evidenced by animal shards found by archaeologists, arranged in a strictly defined order.

Also, Neanderthals first had medicine: some skeletons found give reason to say that primitive people tried to cure their sick or injured relatives. So some skeletons have traces of surgical operations.

And finally, about 40 yew. years ago, the Neanderthal man was replaced by modern man - “Homo sapience”, who was essentially the same person as you and I (only he did not sit at the computer on the Internet, but warmed himself by the fire in some cave). The first skeletons of modern man were found in the Cro-Magnon cave in southern France, and sometimes the first "Homo sapience" became known as Cro-Magnons.

Some scientists believe that for some time Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons coexisted with each other, but at a certain period, more intelligent Cro-Magnons replaced and completely exterminated the Neanderthals, who had to either evolve or die.

Cro-Magnons vs Neanderthals.

But it is also worth noting that the probable confrontation between Cro-Magnons and Neanderthals is nothing more than a hypothesis.

Inventions of primitive people

Clever Cro-Magnons made many important inventions, for example, they learned the secrets of metals, and stone tools were replaced by metal ones (first bronze, then iron), invented (the importance of its appearance can not be overestimated), learned how to cultivate the land and grow crops (wheat, rice, corn), invented money as the basis of economic relations between tribes, and eventually members of the community. Finally, they invented writing and many other useful things, from the appearance of which human civilization has grown.

Culture of primitive man

The people of the primitive world, as well as the people of our time, were different, among them were, as well as conditionally "narrow-minded gopniks", as well as cultured, creative people. Definitely among them were singers and possibly poets, but traces of their work, unfortunately, have not reached us, but the work of primitive artists has been perfectly preserved.

Rock paintings in caves are not just a vivid example of the creativity of primitive man, sometimes they are also real encyclopedias of the ancient world, they contain information about geography, nature, various animals hunted by ancient hunters, sketches from the life of an ancient man, his religious beliefs and much more. Nameless artists of antiquity drew their paintings using various improvised means: these are sticks and chisels, with which patterns were knocked out on the wall, and hard rocks and iron fragments and other materials that can leave a mark.

About the rock paintings of primitive people on our website there is a separate one.

The life of primitive people

What was the life of primitive people, where did they live, what did they eat, what clothes did they wear? Let's answer these questions.

Where did primitive people live?

As we wrote above, at first, caves were a typical dwelling place for our very distant ancestors. But there were not so many caves suitable for living, and the number of primitive people increased over time, and at some point there were no longer enough caves for everyone. And so, for the first time, the “housing problem” arose before the primitive man - where to live (as you can see, this issue is relevant in all historical eras, and in ours in particular).

Cave of primitive man.

To solve the “housing problem”, primitive people learned to build the first dwellings, which were made, among other things, from the bones of dead animals. It happened that it was possible to kill some large mammoth and create a cozy home in its remains. Powerful mammoth bones were dug into the ground, and animal skins were stretched on top of them, such an impromptu hut was obtained in which it was quite possible to hide from the weather and live their primitive life.

What did primitive people eat?

Those that managed to catch or collect. Men went hunting or fishing, while women were engaged in gathering various berries and fruits. The hunting of a primitive man was a very dangerous event, often the hunters themselves died or became prey to other predators (if a primitive hunter went, for example, to a bear, then there was still the question of who would dine with whom as a result, a man with a bear or a bear with a man).

But if it was possible to catch large prey, kill the same mammoth, then its meat was enough for a longer period.

Hunting of primitive people.

Caught game was cooked on a fire, which primitive people learned to breed with sticks and stones.

Clothing of primitive people

In warm places, primitive people often walked in the "suit of Adam and Eve", that is, naked. However, in our time, some tribes of equatorial Africa and South America, which, in fact, remained at the primitive level, go without clothes.

And the inhabitants of Eurasia or North America in the cold season are not very similar in the naked, so the clothes of primitive people had mainly a purely practical meaning - they had to warm a person and protect his “causal places”. For this, ancient people sewed clothes for themselves from the skins of dead animals.

Tools of labor of primitive man

And for hunting and for building housing, primitive people, however, modern people needed certain tools. Primitive people made them from improvised materials, usually from stones, animal bones, wooden sticks. From a primitive man, such popular and now tools as a hammer, an ax, a chisel came to our world. In a word, when you pick up a hammer to nail a nail, remember that you are holding in your hands the oldest tool used by the Neanderthals.

The lifespan of a primitive man

Alas, it was small. So a Neanderthal who had reached the age of forty, by their standards, was already a very old man. Few of the primitive people lived for more than forty years, many died even earlier, at 30-35 years old. This is due to the fact that their life was full of dangers and difficulties. Primitive women gave birth to children as early as 14-15 years of age. Their life was fleeting, but perhaps bright and full of adventure, who knows ...

When writing the article, I tried to make it as interesting, useful and of high quality as possible. I would be grateful for any feedback and constructive criticism in the form of comments on the article. You can also write your wish / question / suggestion to my mail [email protected] or on Facebook, with respect, the author.

Alesya Ermolaeva
Summary of GCD on familiarization with the outside world in a preparatory group for school on the topic “How did ancient people live?”

Target: formation elementary ideas about the history of mankind through reconstruction of the way of life of ancient people.

Tasks:

1. Give children initial ideas about what the first people on earth: introduce with their appearance and way of life.

2. Replenish children's vocabulary with words "humanoid", "cave", "hut".

3. Broaden your horizons and informative interest in people's lives ancient world.

4. Continue to develop attention, logical thinking and observation, imagination and fantasy through productive activities.

5. Educate curiosity and communication skills, arouse interest in joint activities, the ability to negotiate and help each other.

Material and equipment:

Demo:

Multimedia equipment and presentation;

Wooden stick and breeding board fire:

Mnemotable.

Dispensing:

Clothing imitating the skin of a primitive man for each child and caregiver; skins on which children sit;

split picture "Primitive World"- 2 pieces;

Beads and cords (according to the number of girls);

Material for building a hut: skins on magnets 4 pieces, fabric pebbles on magnets 10 pieces, fabric bones 16 pieces;

Dotted Rock Drawing Sheets ancient animals and charcoal pencils (according to the number of boys);

Wet wipes;

wooden sticks (10cm) for each child:

Clay figurines of mammoths according to the number of children.

The course of continuous educational activities.

INTRODUCTION. MOTIVATION.

(Children enter the hall, a teacher comes out to meet, dressed in a suit ancient man, dragging behind him a skin on which there are skins for children. Bumps into children and is surprised).

caregiver: What interesting children, so strangely dressed. (Turns to child). What are you wearing? Where are you from? (Children's answers). Does that mean I'm in kindergarten? I - ancient man. I want to go home to ancient world. Can you help me, guide me? (Children agree). First you need to change clothes, we don’t go like that! Here are the clothes for you. (Children dress up)

The teacher sits on the skin near the screen.)

caregiver: Sit closer to me. Now you too ancient people. (Children sit on the skins)

Where do you think the very first man on Earth came from? (Children's answers). In fact, it still remains a big mystery. Some scientists believe that God created us. Others that we are descended from apes. And still others, in general, think that man was created by aliens.

MAIN PART.

caregiver: Many, many years ago, monkeys appeared in Africa, which gradually acquired a human image and features, they are called great apes. They are lived together in groups helped each other and couldn't talk at all. Over time, the strongest and most enduring turned into people. Unlike other monkeys, they walked without the help of hands, on two legs, the hair on the body became barely noticeable, the shape of the head changed. So there were ancient people.

They learned how to make the simplest tools. How do you think which ones? (Children's answers). That's right, spears, axes, knives, digging sticks.

Look at the screen. Using the table, find the differences between the great ape and ancient man? (Children's answers).

caregiver: To see how before lived your ancestors need to try a little. (Children are divided into groups of 5 people) . Look, the image is corrupted, it needs to be assembled from several parts. (Children collect a picture from 5 parts, go back to the screen)

Here they are, your distant ancestors.

caregiver Q: What do you think you ate? ancient people? (Children's answers)

That's right, they ate berries, fruits, plant roots, bird eggs. They fished and went hunting.

caregiver: You changed into clothes ancient man. What is it called? (Children's answers)

caregiver: Right. AT ancient the world did not have modern clothes, factories that sewed them. Ancient people they sewed clothes from the skin using thin strips of leather, and the needle was replaced by sharpened teeth and animal bones.

Why do you think ancient people began to make clothes from the skin? (Children's answers). What else could animal skins be used for? (Children's answers)

caregiver: Correctly. In order not to freeze, a person needs clothes. What else helped people keep warm? (Children's answers) Right. One day, during a thunderstorm, lightning hit a tree, and a fire started. So ancient people first got acquainted with fire, and realized that the fire gives light, heat and scares away predators. Over time, they learned to make fire themselves. Do you know what used to make fire? (Children's answers). Come on, and we will try to make fire. (The teacher shows the exercise of finger and breathing exercises, then repeats with the children). Like this ancient people made fire.

Do you know what was home to ancient people? (Children's answers). Correctly, lived they are in caves and huts. The cave is the very first people's dwelling. They found a recess in the mountain to hide from bad weather and predatory animals. With time ancient people learned to build huts. Of what ancient people could build a hut? (Children's answers)

caregiver: From branches, bones and skins. AT dwelling they always left a place for fire and fenced this place with stones. Why do you think? (Children's answers). (The teacher draws the attention of the children to the screen).

caregiver: It seems to have darkened. Let's see if the clouds are gathering, if it's going to rain. Just look at the sky with your eyes, left, right, now look around around(circular eye movement) (2 times). It might rain and we need somewhere to hide. Therefore, we will build huts. (The teacher offers construct a hut made of prepared parts - children are divided into two teams of 5 people, to the music)

caregiver: Nice and cozy huts you have built. (Return to their seats at the screen).

Already at that time people loved to adorn themselves. What do you think they used for decoration? (Children's answers)

That's right, shells and feathers were sewn to clothes, necklaces were made from bones and teeth of animals, pebbles and other materials.

From ancient times people began to decorate dwelling. In the caves, scientists find images of hunters and animals that lived in those distant times. At first they painted only with charcoal. The first paints were made from soft rocks, which were ground into powder and mixed with animal fat. They drew with a finger, and painted over with a piece of fur soaked in paint.

We are with you today ancient people. Before you is a fragment of a rock, the drawing on it has not been completed. I suggest that the boys use charcoal to connect the dots, and you will see which animal is depicted on the rock. And girls, make beads by stringing different objects on a thread. (Children complete the task, the boys wipe their hands with wet wipes, name the animals, the girls put on beads). You are wonderful at decorating yourself and yours. dwelling.

(Children stand in a semicircle).

REFLECTION.

caregiver: Guys, today you helped me a lot. Thank you. It's time for you to go back, but ... how to do it?

Voice: To go back, you need to answer my questions. Why did you travel to the past? (Children's answers) What did you do ancient people? (Children's answers). What task was the most difficult for you? Why? (Children's answers). For your courage and ingenuity, in memory of today, I give you mammoths. (The teacher with the children shows gifts, passes through the door - distributes mammoths)

caregiver: I will remember our meeting for a long time. Everything that you have done today, you can keep in your group and organize a museum together with your teacher ancient world. (say goodbye).

Slide number 1 - intro.

Slide number 2 - kindergarten

Slide number 3 - forest.

Slide video number 4 - transformation into a person

Slide number 6 - evolution

Slide number 7 - life ancient man

Slide number 8 - getting food

Slide number 9 - ancient girl sewing clothes

Slide number 10 - ancient man and skins

Slide number 11 - fire

Slide number 12 - night and fire

Slide number 13 - getting fire

Slide number 14 - cave

Slide number 15 - hut

Slide number 16 - clouds

Slide number 17 - hut

Slide number 18 - decorations

Slide number 19 - rock paintings

Slide number 20 - drawings

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