Peru - a detailed description of the country, statistics, obtaining a visa, map, photo. Official name: Republic of Peru

Coastal Desert - Costa, stretching in a narrow, indented strip along the entire Peruvian coast (for 2270 km), is the northern extension of the Chilean Atacama Desert.
In the north, between the cities of Piura and Chiclayo, the desert occupies a wide lowland, the surface of which is occupied mainly by mobile sand dunes.

Further south, in the section from Chiclayo to Pisco, the steep slopes of the Andes rise to the ocean itself. Near Pisco, several merged alluvial fans form a narrow lowland of irregular shape, in some places partitioned off by mountain spurs.

Even further south, near the coast, a low mountain range rises, reaching about 900 m above sea level. To the east of it stretches a deeply dissected rocky surface, gradually rising to the foot of the Andes. Most of the Costa is so dry that of the 52 rivers flowing westward from the slopes of the Andes, only 10 carry their waters to the ocean. The coast is the economically most important region of Peru. The region's 40 oases produce most of the most important agricultural crops, including those for export. On the coast there are also a number of major cities - Lima, Callao, Chiclayo and Trujillo.

Andean Highlands - Sierra. The Peruvian Andes, reaching 320 km wide, occupy more than a third of the country's area; their peaks reach a height of 5500 m above sea level. Numerous mountain ranges stretch approximately from northwest to southeast.

Ten peaks rise above 6100 m, and the highest of them - Huascaran - reaches 6768 m. Volcanoes are found in the southern part, the most famous of them is Misti Cone towering over the city of Arequipa (5822 m). The eastern slopes of the Andes, on which heavy rains fall, are dissected by deeply incised river valleys and form a chaotic heap of sharp ridges, alternating with canyons up to 3000 m deep; several large tributaries of the Amazon River originate here. This region of sharply and deeply dissected relief presents the greatest difficulty in crossing the Andes. Indians live here, using narrow strips of fertile land for crops on the bottoms of river valleys and in the lower parts of the slopes. On the border of Peru and Bolivia, at around 3812 m above sea level, there is an alpine lake Titicaca; this is the largest of the alpine lakes with an area of ​​8446 sq. km. km, 59% of its water area is located in Peru.

Selva includes the lower part of the eastern slopes of the Andes and the flat plains of the Amazon basin adjacent to them. This area occupies more than half of the total area of ​​the country. The plain is covered with dense and tall tropical rain forests, and the only means of communication here are the large rivers - Ucayali, the upper reaches of the Amazon, which bears the name Marañon here, and Napo.
The main economic center of the region is Iquitos, located on the river. Amazon; this is the highest point that river steamers with a draft of more than 4 m can reach.

Peru is a place for unforgettable shopping. Big shops and malls offer an abundance of goods and are usually open from 09:00 to 20:00 seven days a week.

There are also 24-hour supermarkets, though only in the capital. There, in the cashier's check, 2 prices can be indicated - in dollars and in salt. This means that you can pay in dollars, but the change will still be returned to you in salt. In the provinces, especially in small towns, shops can work according to their schedule.

If you want to truly feel the local flavor - then your path lies on open markets where you can and should bargain well before buying - not only buyers, but also sellers enjoy this!

The set of traditional souvenirs from Peru includes:

• alpaca wool products;
• gold and silver jewelry;
• llama wool carpets;
• tableware;
• musical instruments;
• ceramics.

The geography of shopping is as follows: in Cusco and Machu Picchu, woolen items, furs and masks are waiting for you; in Puno and near Lake Titicaca - high-quality textiles and original musical instruments; pottery, household items, decorated clothes will be offered to you by craftsmen from the Amazon; and in Arequipa you can buy metal furniture and stone souvenirs. Although, if desired, all this, of course, can be found in Lima in the city center.

Carried away by buying souvenirs, however, do not forget to keep the receipt. It can be asked at the airport when departing from Lima.

Transport

Due to the high mountains and impenetrable jungle, some parts of the country can only be reached by plane. But don't let that scare you - several local airlines are well-organized flights to both Peruvian cities and neighboring countries. At the same time, the prices for local flights do not hurt much: the cost of the most expensive flight from Lima to Arequipa is about $100, and from Puno to La Paz you can even fly for $13. Keep in mind that Peruvian Airlines has a strict dry law on board, so don't even try to order champagne!

You can also travel around Peru by bus. It is comfortable and not very expensive, but long-distance travel is very long.

The Peruvian Railway is the cheapest mode of transport for long distance travel. For example, a first class ticket from Cusco to Puno costs $15. True, because of their availability, trains are constantly overcrowded.

In Selva, you will be offered to travel by canoe or motor boats, as there are very few ordinary roads.

In cities, it is best to travel by minibus combis, since the fare in them is not much higher than in buses, but they are much more comfortable. The only drawback is that they do not run on all routes.

The price of a taxi in Peru will not be shocking if you agree on the cost of the trip in advance.

Connection

In order to use mobile communications in Peru, you need a phone that supports the 1800 band. You can buy a local Claro SIM card, which will make it possible to call within the country and abroad.

International calls can also be made from conventional phones - to do this, buy a calling card (Numero1 or similar) with a face value of 10 or more salts. You can also make calls abroad from special telephone booths. Local telephones are suitable for local calls. But calling from hotels is expensive.

For international calls from Peru, you need to dial 00 - country code - area code - subscriber number.

Internet cafes are available in all relatively large cities. 1 hour of work costs about 1-2 dollars. Most hotels provide internet access, and many have free Wi-Fi in the rooms. But in the mountains and remote villages, it is better not to rely on mobile communications and the Internet.

Safety

Peru is a relatively safe country. The government relies on the development of tourism, therefore, in general, traveling around Peru is comfortable and safe.

The biggest problem that, unfortunately, many careless tourists face is theft. Therefore, do not carry large amounts of cash with you and do not leave personal items unattended. Remember that hotels are not responsible for the safety of valuables in the room, so keep money, jewelry and other valuables in special safes provided by the hotel administration.

In addition, in Peru, such phenomena as begging on the streets and obsessive persuasion of local residents to buy something from them have not yet been eradicated. In no case do not give in to the requests of both, otherwise you will immediately be surrounded by a crowd, which will be much more difficult to cope with.

In case of problems, the so-called tourist police can help. If you have lost your documents or lost yourself, you can always turn to them for help. Useful telephone numbers: fire department - 116, police - 105, tourist police in Lima - 4600921.

Business

In Peru, in principle, it is not difficult for a foreigner to open a business. Foreign business here has such advantages as relatively low taxes and free export of capital. Most often, foreign capital is invested in the service sector: hotels, entertainment centers, restaurants, tourism. Small and medium enterprises have tax benefits during the first two years of their activity.

Unfortunately, there are downsides to doing business in Peru. Complaining about the leisurely Peruvian lifestyle, experienced entrepreneurs advise beginners to be patient. Firstly, the process of legal registration can be delayed for 2-3 months. Secondly, for the first five years from the date of founding a business, owners of small and medium-sized enterprises must re-register them once a year.

Real estate

Today, foreigners are increasingly acquiring property in Peru. This can be explained not only by the picturesque Peruvian beauties and favorable climate, but also by affordability. For example, an average three-bedroom mansion with a view of the coast will cost about $200,000, while a modern spacious one-bedroom apartment in Lima can be found for $80,000. In the province housing will cost much less.

An indisputable plus for a foreigner when buying property in Peru is that it can be owned in his own name and at the same time the property tax will not become an unbearable burden. The only restriction is that foreigners cannot buy houses near military bases and municipal facilities.

The disadvantages of buying a home in Peru are traditionally associated with paperwork: the paperwork process can take six months.

There are some points that you should pay special attention to when traveling in Peru.

Do not drink tap water in Peru, buy bottled water. As for milk, it is recommended to use only pasteurized milk. It is extremely risky to buy food on the street.

If you plan to visit the Selva, be sure to get vaccinated against yellow fever and hepatitis B and D at least a week before the trip. When planning a trip to the Amazon, be sure to take malaria medicines, sunscreens, insect repellents and clothing that completely covers the body.

If you have cardiovascular diseases, then before visiting the mountains, you must definitely consult with your doctor about "altitude sickness".

Keep in mind that fresh food, weapons and drugs are not allowed in Peru. If drugs are found during border control, their owner will be subject to preliminary detention. In addition, without special permission, it is impossible to import and export artistic and historical values, animals and plants.

As for the currency, it is best to take US dollars with you to Peru. The fact is that the currency of other countries is changed only in large banks. In general, it is wiser to change money not in hotels, but in exchange offices.

Visa information

Regarding a visa to Peru: citizens of Russia do not need it if the purpose of the trip is tourism and the stay in the country does not exceed 90 days. Then, by the way, the visa can be extended by visiting the office of the General Directorate of the Immigration Service in Lima. This pleasure costs $ 20, the visa is extended for up to 30 days, and you can use this opportunity three times. When entering Peru, you will be asked to present a passport and a return ticket.

Note that the passport must be valid for six months from the end of the trip. Russians need a transit visa to Peru if they plan to stay in the country for more than 2 days. Business and work visas, as well as an investor visa are issued at the consular section of the Embassy of Peru in Moscow. A consular fee of $30 will be charged for issuing a visa.

The Embassy of Peru is located in Moscow at the address: Smolensky Boulevard, 22/14

Tel: (+7 495) 248-7738, 248-6794, 248-2302

Studying the world map, it is worth paying attention to one state. Its location, history and development are quite interesting. That is why we want to devote this article to the story of the Republic of Peru. To study its borders, population, system of government. And, of course, find out where Peru is located and what features of the relief it has.

Geographical position

Peru (official name - the Republic of Peru) is located on the western coast of the continent. Its area of ​​​​1,285,220 square kilometers allows it to occupy the third place in size between Divided into 25 departments, the capital since the time of the Incas is the city of Lima. In order to accurately answer the question of where Peru is located, you need to know its coordinates - this is 8 ° 48′00 ″ S. sh. 74°58′00″ W e. In the neighborhood with the state are countries such as Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia and Chile. From the west it is washed by Pacific waters.

Briefly about the main

Translated from the language of local aborigines, the name of the state means "river". The largest water streams are the Amazon and Marañon, and the largest lake is the world famous Titicaca. The highest point is Mount Huascaran (6,768 m). According to 2015 data, the country's population is more than 31 million people, the capital - about 7 million inhabitants. Independence was proclaimed on July 28, 1821. The climate is mixed, signs of both equatorial and tropical appear on the territory of the Republic of Peru. South America, it is worth noting, is characterized by such features. In the equatorial zone there is only one season, a very large amount of precipitation, while in the tropical zone there are two seasons. The Amazon jungle has a particularly hot and humid climate.

Relief features

When you find out where Peru is located, the variety of relief immediately becomes clear. Most of the land along the Pacific coast is occupied by the Costa desert, a little to the east is the Andes mountain belt, and even further - the Amazonian selva with its evergreen tropical forests, which smoothly passes into the Montagna plain. Nature has given this country such pearls as the high mountain with its unique oceanic ichthyofauna and beautiful surroundings, with mysterious drawings (you can only see them from the air), Manu National Park - the most beautiful place in the Amazon, as well as many other objects that can boast of their beauty, as well as the uniqueness of flora and fauna.

Attractions

It is worth noting that many tourists who come to where Peru is located need time to adapt. However, those natural beauties that can be observed on the territory of the republic are worth some inconvenience. There are also numerous architectural monuments and ancient remains, which this state with an amazing history is rich in. What are the sights of Lima and such buildings of the Inca times as Sacsayhuaman, Machu Picchu, Puca Pucara and others.

In Peru, timetables for all modes of transport are often not respected, so transfers by plane, planning trips by rail, etc. it is advisable to plan ahead of time.

Taxi. It is best to use a taxi to travel around the city. At the same time, you should be aware that traffic congestion is a big problem in the capital, especially during peak hours (from 7 to 11 in the morning and from 17 to 23 hours). There are quite a lot of taxis in cities and it is possible to choose transport in terms of convenience and adequate fare (meters are not used).
The price is negotiable, you need to agree on the fare before you get into a taxi, while it is customary to bargain. The minimum fare is 4–5 soles. A trip from the San Isidro and Miraflores areas to the airport will cost 35–70 soles (about $10–20).
For security reasons, it is recommended not to take the first taxi that comes across; when leaving the hotel at night, it is better to order a taxi by phone.

Metropolitan. Since the summer of 2011, one line (26 stations) of the modern surface metro has been operating in the metropolitan metropolis. The trains run on time and the fare is about $0.75. It should be taken into account that the interval between trains on working days is about 5–10 minutes, and on weekends from 15 to 20 minutes. During peak hours the trains are overcrowded.

City bus service. The cities are well developed, travel is cheap, but uncomfortable due to the large number of passengers and the deterioration of most buses.

Intercity bus service. It is the main mode of transport in Peru, the level of service and safety varies greatly depending on the carrier company. On the positive side, the transport company Cruz del Sur has proven itself (round-trip fares: Lima Ica from $15, Lima Arequipa from $55). Take into account the long duration of bus journeys, for example, the bus Lima - Arequipa takes about 18 hours.

Rail connection not developed in the country.
As a rule, tourists use only the Cusco-Aguas Calientes branch (direction to Machu Picchu). You can make an interesting trip along the route Lima - Huancayo (Huancayo), but the flights are extremely irregular and depend on the weather in the mountains. In addition, the railway connects the cities of Cusco, Puno (the famous lake Titicaca is located here) and Arequipa.

Air communication. The absolute market leader in Peru is LAN, which has proven itself in terms of reliability and provides not only the majority of passenger traffic in the country, but also offers quite a comfortable service.
The duration of flights around the country is not high, for example, a flight from Lima to Cusco lasts about 55 minutes.

Lunch at a mid-range restaurant. Lima has a well-developed network of restaurants and cafes, but the quality of food in them is far from the same. In general, Peruvian cuisine is distinguished by a wide variety of dishes. The cost of lunch per person varies from 10 to 30 USD.

A room in a middle class hotel. There are few hotels of a suitable level and safe for Russian citizens to stay.
The cost of rooms in a middle-class hotel in Lima is from 50 to 100 US dollars per day.

Tips. For good service, it is customary to pay about 10% of the invoice amount (but not more than 10–20 US dollars). Doormen can be paid around 1–2 soles per bag.

Opening hours for grocery and convenience stores. Grocery stores are open from 08.00-09.00 to 21.00-22.00.
Manufactured goods work from 10.00-11.00 to 20.00-22.00.
There is usually no lunch break.

Availability of mobile communications. It is not distributed everywhere, but in cities and on the coast, as a rule, it is available. Communication standard GSM 850, 1900.
3G and 4G networks work.
Roaming is available to all subscribers of Russian telecom operators.
Cafes, restaurants and hotels usually have free Wi-Fi hotspots.

Internet cafe. There is an Internet cafe in every relatively large settlement (about $0.4 per hour).

Procedure for using a pay phone. You can call anywhere in the world from numerous payphones, in which payment is made by coins.
You can also make an international call from post offices and hotels. To call from Peru to Russia, you need to dial 007 and the area code with the subscriber's number.
When calling within Peru, dial 0 before the area code.
To make a call from Russia to Peru, you need to dial 8 beeps 10 - 51 (Peru code) - area code (Lima code - 1) - subscriber number.
Banking hours and distribution of credit cards. Banks usually work from Monday to Friday from 09.00 to 18.00, on Saturdays from 09.00 to 13.00-14.00.
Most international credit cards are accepted in hotels, restaurants and shops, including Visa, Master Card and American Express. The calculation is made at the bank rate, which is less favorable than in exchange offices.

Currency exchange. Banks, exchange offices, hotels and travel agencies are allowed to exchange travelers checks and cash. The most popular currency is the US dollar. There are no restrictions on currency exchange in Peru. American dollars are accepted in most hotels, restaurants, shops and supermarkets.
Visitors are advised to exchange money at banks as it is safer. Street changers are recommended to be avoided. A large number of counterfeit banknotes of local and American currency are in circulation in the country.

Electrical voltage in the network. Mains voltage - 220 V, 60 Hz. An adapter is required - an adapter for a vertically flat (American) connector.

(Republic of Peru)

Geographical position. Peru is a state in the west of the South American continent. In the north, the country borders on Ecuador, in the east - on Brazil and Bolivia, in the south - on Chile. Peru is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west.

Square. The territory of Peru occupies 1,285,216 sq. km.

Main cities, administrative divisions. Largest cities: Lima (6,000 thousand people), Callao (750 thousand people), Arequipa (700 thousand people), Trujillo (600 thousand people), Chiclayo (480 thousand people), Cusco (300 thousand people). Administrative-territorial division of the country: 25 departments.

Political system

Peru is a republic. The head of state is the president. The legislature is the Democratic Constituent Congress.

Relief. In the west, along the coast of the Pacific Ocean, a narrow strip of desert coastal plains (Costa) stretches. East-mountain belt of the Andes (Sierra), up to 6,768 m high (Huascaran). In the east, the Amazonian lowland (Selva), turning in the south into the foothill plain (Montagna).

Geological structure and minerals. The bowels of the country contain reserves of copper, gold, silver, oil, iron ore.

Climate. Average monthly temperatures on the coast are 15-25°С, in the Andes, on the plateaus from 5 to 16°С, on the plains 24-27°С. Precipitation from 700 to 3000 mm per year.

Inland waters. Of the rivers, the largest is the Amazon, of the lakes, the Titicaca.

Soils and vegetation. On the western slopes of the Andes, rare shrubs, cacti; on the internal plateaus, in the north and east - high-mountain tropical steppes, in the southeast - semi-deserts. On the eastern slopes of the Andes and on the plains of the Selva, there are moist evergreen forests.

Animal world. In Peru, there are jaguar, puma, llama, monkeys, anteater, sloth, tapir, peccary, chinchilla, armadillo, crocodile, many different birds, snakes, lizards and insects.

Population and language

More than half of the 23 million Peruvians live in cities. The Amazon jungle is a sparsely populated area: 5% of the population on 60% of the territory. Ethnic groups: about 50% of the country's population are Indians, about 30% mestizos, 12% whites and 5% blacks. Peru is a Spanish speaking country. Most of the Indian population of the Sierra and Costa speaks Spanish, preserving the traditions of their native (Quechua or Aymara) language in everyday life. The Amazon forests are inhabited by 70 ethnic groups of Indians who speak languages ​​incomprehensible to each other. In mountainous and forested regions far from the centers of civilization, Spanish is at best a second language. Here, most of the population speaks only their native dialect.

Religion

The dominant religion in Peru is the Roman Catholic Church. The local Indian population, after converting to Christianity, retains some pagan customs and rituals.

Brief historical outline

The capital of the Inca state was the city of Cuzco, located in the southeast of Peru, in the upper reaches of the Urubamba River. The territory of the empire, which consisted of several provinces, during its heyday occupied vast expanses (about 1 million square kilometers), stretching from north to south for 5 thousand km from the Rio Ancasmayo in today's Colombia to the Rio Maule in Chile. It is believed that the first people, representatives of the agricultural culture of Markavella, appeared in this area at the end of the 2nd millennium BC. e. In the north of Peru, by this time, a higher level of civilization urban culture already existed. Archaeological excavations show that temples were built here, irrigation systems were created. In the middle of the first millennium A.D. e. the environs of Cusco became part of the state with the center in Huari. Researchers believe that in addition to the Huari civilization, another center, in the basin of Lake Titicaca, influenced the formation of the Inca culture. There is also a hypothesis that the founders of the mysterious civilization came to these areas from the east, from the Amazon rainforest. The connection between the cultures of the Incas and Huari is evidenced by the fact that quipu, an ancient knot letter, was used both there and there. The legendary first leader of the Incas was Manco Capac. Unfortunately for the Incas, who worshiped the sun god and gold, the metal of the color of the sun, the first Europeans to reach the limits of their empire were gold-digging adventurers, for whom the cultural value of what they saw was of no importance. The fantastic Golden Garden, which depicted life in the Inca Empire, has been lost forever. Various Spanish chronicles unanimously state that everything in this garden was made of pure gold. Here, in metal, a section of a field with seedlings of maize, the cobs of which were woven from silver wire, herds of llamas with cubs, girls plucking golden fruits from golden apple trees, birds sitting on the branches of other golden trees and shrubs, snakes with false eyes made of precious stones, golden butterflies and beetles. The creators of the unique monument are representatives of the Chimu culture conquered by the Incas. By the time the first Europeans appeared in Cuzco, the city had become the administrative and military center of the empire. According to the chronicles, a thorough restructuring of the city, formerly a small village, was carried out by the 9th Inca ruler, Pachacuti Yupanqui, and his son, Tupac Yupanqui. The Incas themselves compared the layout of Cusco to the body of a cougar. Fortress Saksauman seemed to them the head of an animal. This creation impresses visitors to Cusco as a supernatural phenomenon. Saxauman was built from tightly fitting huge concrete blocks. Scientists today cannot explain how these giant plates, weighing more than 350 tons each, were climbed by the Incas to the top of the mountain. Each of the three ramparts of the fortress was 360 m long and consisted of 21 bastions. Cuzco was surrounded by three defensive ramparts. The outer, most powerful, was built from blocks 9 meters high, 5 meters wide, and 4 meters thick. Another majestic structure is the Throne of the Inca, a smoothly polished rock, on one of the slopes of which seats are carved. The Incas worshiped the sun. There were also temples of the Moon, Rainbow, Thunder, Lightning, Venus. The cult of the Sun and Moon, revered by a married couple, explains the tradition of the Inca imperial family to marry only between siblings. Moreover, the chronicles never indicate the birth of sick children from such incestuous unions. Due to exclusively related marriages, the Incas managed to keep the elite circle of the imperial family closed. When the Spaniards arrived in Peru, there were no more than 500 representatives of the reigning dynasty in the entire empire.

The defeat of the Inca Empire seems as mysterious as the history of its emergence and development. September 25, 1513 a detachment led by Vasco Nunez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama for the first time and ended up on the Pacific coast. In May 1532, a detachment of 177 conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro, with the support of the Spanish king, arrived at the Pacific coast of Colombia in search of the mysterious country of Piru. At this time, the Inca Empire was ruled by the 13th emperor named Atahualpa, who had recently won a victory in an internecine civil war. Under his command there were 10 million selflessly devoted inhabitants of the country, and it would not be difficult for them to deal with a bunch of aliens. But the Spaniards, knowing about the peculiarities of the mentality of the Indians, decided to capture the emperor, the "son of the Sun", and use him for their own purposes. An embassy was sent to the Inca capital. As a result of negotiations, it was decided to arrange a meeting between the emperor and the leader of the Spaniards. On November 16, 1532, the emperor was captured. The Spaniards demanded from the Indians a huge ransom for Atahualpa: the compensation was to be as much gold as the room where the emperor was kept could hold. The cell had an area of ​​about 30 square meters. m, and the distance from floor to ceiling was 294 cm. The ransom was 5,500,000 kg of gold and about 12,000 kg of silver. However, Atahualpa was not released. The Spaniards sentenced him to death. In 1572, the last of the “sons of the Sun” dynasty, Amaru I, was beheaded.

In the centuries following the capture, the Incas more than once rose to spontaneous uprisings, which always ended in their defeat. The most serious unrest took place at the end of the 18th century. The state of Peru received freedom only after the white settlers, the Creoles, joined the independence movement. They were not satisfied with the high duties set by the Spanish court. Two decisive battles between the colonists and supporters of the king took place in 1824, on August 6 near the town of Junin and on December 9 at Ayacho. The Peruvians then waged war with their neighbors, Chile and Ecuador, over disputed coastal territories. The last major war between Peru and Ecuador took place in 1941, and minor border skirmishes continue to this day. In June 1990, Alberto Fujimori, who came from a family of Japanese immigrants, was elected president of Peru.

Brief economic essay

Peru is an agricultural country with a developed mining and developing manufacturing industry. The main commercial crops are cotton (mostly long-staple), sugarcane, coffee, and cocoa. Pasture animal husbandry. Cattle, pigs, sheep, llamas, alpacas are bred. Logging. Fishing (mainly sardines, anchovies). The fish is used mainly for the production of fishmeal. The main branches of the mining industry: the extraction of ores of zinc, lead, copper, iron ore, silver, gold, oil. Food, mainly fishing industry; non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy, oil refining, chemical, textile industries. Export: products of the mining and metallurgical industry, oil and oil products, fishmeal, coffee, cotton, sugar.

The monetary unit is inti.

A Brief Outline of Culture

Art and architecture. Lima. Ruins of the pre-Inca period; rebuilt temple of Maranga dating from 200-500 AD BC e.; pre-Inca Temple of Huaca; Museum of Gold of Peru (one of the richest collections of gold items in the world for the most diverse purposes: household items, worship, jewelry); Weapons museum; Museum of Art (the exposition of the museum presents both objects of the colonial period and finds related to the five-century history of the Inca Empire); National Museum of Anthropology and Archeology; National Museum of the Republic; Museum of the Central Savings Bank with a collection of objects from the pre-Columbian era and works of art from Peru of the 19th-20th centuries; Museum of the Inquisition; Museum of Peruvian Culture; Museum of Natural History, the main exhibits of which are stuffed animals of rare animals living in different landscape zones of Peru; the cathedral, founded in 1555; church and monastery of St. Francis, Franciscan monastery.