The main motives of the lyrics. The main themes and motifs of Pushkin's lyrics (Pushkin A

From the Greek theme (the basis of the plot of the work).

intimate lyrics

M.Yu. Lermontov "She is not proud beauty ..."

B.L. Pasternak "Winter Evening".

landscape lyrics

A.A. Fet "Wonderful picture ..."

S.A. Yesenin "behind the dark strand of woods ...".

friendship lyrics

B.Sh. Okudzhava "An old student song".

The theme of the poet and poetry

M.I. Tsvetaeva "Roland's Horn".

Patriotic and civil lyrics

ON THE. Nekrasov "Motherland"

A.A. Akhmatova "I am not with those who abandoned the earth ..."

Philosophical lyrics

F.I. Tyutchev "The Last Cataclysm"

I.A. Bunin "Evening".

The most important character in the lyrics is lyric hero: it is his inner world that is shown in the lyrical work, on his behalf the lyric artist speaks to the reader, and the external world is depicted in the context of the impressions that he makes on the lyrical hero. Note! Do not confuse the lyrical hero with the epic one. Pushkin reproduced in great detail the inner world of Eugene Onegin, but this is an epic hero, a participant in the main events of the novel. The lyrical hero of Pushkin's novel is the Narrator, the one who is familiar with Onegin and tells his story, deeply experiencing it. Onegin only once becomes a lyrical hero in the novel - when he writes a letter to Tatyana, just as she becomes a lyrical heroine when she writes a letter to Onegin.

By creating the image of a lyrical hero, the poet can make him personally very close to himself (poems by Lermontov, Fet, Nekrasov, Mayakovsky, Tsvetaeva, Akhmatova, etc.). But sometimes the poet seems to be "hiding" behind the mask of a lyrical hero, completely far from the personality of the poet himself; so, for example, A Blok makes Ophelia a lyrical heroine (2 poems called "Ophelia's Song") or a street actor Harlequin ("I was all in colorful rags ..."), M. Tsvetaeva - Hamlet ("At the bottom she, where silt ... "), V. Bryusov - Cleopatra ("Cleopatra"), S. Yesenin - a peasant boy from a folk song or fairy tale ("Mother went to the bathing suit through the forest ..."). So it’s more literate, when discussing a lyrical work, to talk about the expression in it of the feelings of not the author, but the lyrical hero.

Like other types of literature, poetry includes a number of genres. Some of them arose in ancient times, others - in the Middle Ages, some - quite recently, one and a half to two centuries ago, or even in the last century.

motive

From the French motif - lit. traffic.

Stable formal-meaningful component of the work. Unlike the topic, it has a direct verbal fixation in the text. Identification of the motive helps to understand the subtext of the work.

The motives of struggle, flight, retribution, suffering, disappointment, longing, loneliness are traditional in the lyrics.

keynote

Leading motif in one or many works.

The motif of exile in the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Clouds".

The motive of loneliness in the early lyrics of V.V. Mayakovsky.

Bibliography.

Philosophical lyrics by A. S. Pushkin.

My sadness is light.

My path is sad

Promises me labor and sorrow

The coming exciting sea...

But I do not want, oh others, to die,

Russia will wake up from sleep

And on the ruins of autocracy

Write our names!

The main themes and motives of the lyrics of M. Yu. Lermontov.

The work of M. Yu. L is the post-Pushkin stage in the development of Russian poetry. It reflects an important period in the public consciousness of the noble intelligentsia, which did not put up with the lack of spiritual and political freedom, but after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising, was deprived of the opportunity for open struggle. Not believing in the imminent victory of freedom, L asserted with his work the need to fight for it in the name of the future.

The lyrical "I" of the early L appears in a contradiction between the heroic nature, thirsting for freedom, active work, and the real position of the hero in a society that does not need his exploits. The youthful lyrical "I" of L is still conditional in many respects. Its originality lies in the fact that through autobiographical events, impressions, the author presents his hero as if in different guises: either as a rebel, or as a demon.

The theme of loneliness in the lyrics of M. Yu. Lermontov

The hero of mature lyrics L. longs to embrace the whole universe and enclose it in his chest, he wants to find harmony with everything, but he is not given such happiness. He is still a "world-driven wanderer", challenging earth and heaven. If in early lyrics loneliness was understood as a reward, then in mature lyrics loneliness is boring, and in later verses it is the tragedy of a person, lonely among people and all over the world.

The theme of loneliness in society is devoted to a poem "How often, surrounded by a motley crowd ...". The hero is bored at the ball among the "motley crowd", "the decency of tight masks." In order to distract from the noise and brilliance, the hero is carried away in memories to the pictures of childhood, which are so beautiful in comparison with the picture of the ball that the poet has a desire to openly challenge this soulless realm of masks:

Oh, how I want to embarrass their cheerfulness

And boldly throw an iron verse into their eyes,

Filled with bitterness and anger!

« And boring and sad". The image of the lyrical hero embodied here the characteristic features of the youth of the 30s. Hope for the fulfillment of desires disappears, not finding happiness either in love or in friendship, the hero loses faith in them, loses faith in himself and in life.

The picture of the sea and the ship, lonely among the endless expanses of the sea, also appears in the poem "Sail":

A lonely sail turns white

In the mist of the blue sea! ..

In such poems as "Cliff", "In the Wild North...", "Leaf", the leading motive is the tragedy of loneliness, which is expressed either in unrequited love or in the fragility of human ties.

Political and civic lyrics .

The creative activity of M. Yu. L proceeded during the years of the most severe political reaction that came after the uprising of the Decembrists in 1825. According to the poems of the poet, one can trace the fate of a generation. A conflict developed between the poet and cruel reality, which killed the L-man, but the L-poet dealt an irresistible moral blow to the autocratic regime. "Iron verse" was the poem "Duma". It rebukes the generation for aimlessness:

Sadly, I look at our generation!

His future is either empty or dark,

Meanwhile, under the burden of knowledge and doubt,

It will grow old in inaction.

In the poem "Farewell, unwashed Russia ..." the bitter shade of grief and indignation is replaced by contempt and hatred for the "country of slaves, the country of masters", "for blue uniforms" and "the people devoted to them."

The complex confrontation of feelings, the tragedy of the poet's fate in secular society is revealed in the poem " Poets death”, written by L after the tragic death of A.S.P. Sorrow and bitterness, sadness and admiration sound in the poem. There are three heroes in the poem: P-n - "a slave of honor", a secular crowd and a poet who stigmatizes and mourns P-a. The crowd did not appreciate true talent, did not understand true art. The poet openly points to the true killers - this is a soulless secular society that directed the killer's hand:

He rebelled against the opinions of the world

Alone, as before... and killed!

The theme of Motherland and nature

The theme of the Motherland occupies one of the leading places in the work of M. Yu. L, but it is revealed by him ambiguously. L creates a concrete historical image of Russia, it is closely connected with the theme of the "lost generation", which is important for the poet's work. "Borodino". The poet speaks of the heroic past of Russia. The poem is, as it were, a dialogue between the generation of the poet and the generation of fathers, participants in the war, in the face of an old soldier. Through the mouth of an old soldier, the author reproaches the "current tribe" for impotence:

Yes, there were people in our time,

Not like the current tribe:

Bogatyrs - not you!

At the same time, L clearly emphasizes this, repeating himself. Glorifying the exploits of his predecessors, the poet condemns his contemporaries for the ingloriously lived life. The image of Russia and the poet's attitude towards it are twofold. In the poem " Motherland" He says:

I love my homeland, but with a strange love!

The peculiarity of L's love for the Motherland is that this love is in contrast - social life is opposed to spiritual life, and they do not harmonize. Hence philosophical reflections, where real images become the embodiment of the general laws of being. Poems like "Clouds", "In the Wild North...", "Cliff", "Three Palm Trees", "Sail" and others capture not just the spiritualized beauty of nature, but tragic phenomena in the life of the human soul. In 1840, before leaving for the Caucasus, L writes a poem " Clouds». The spontaneous wandering of the clouds is compared with the exile of the poet: You rush, as if like me, exiles

From the sweet north to the south.

The theme of the poet and poetry

Already in his earliest poems, Lermontov appears as a poet of a pronounced active, protesting thought. He proclaims: "Life is boring when there is no struggle ... I need to act." L sees the separation of people, and not their community, and therefore he does not believe that his confession will be heard. The human soul is changeable and contradictory, and the word is often powerless to reveal it.

In a poem "Poet" L compares the poet to a dagger.

In 1841, L wrote his last poem, The Prophet. The theme of this poem is the lofty idea of ​​a poetic vocation and its misunderstanding by the crowd. The prophet sees what the common man cannot see:

Since the eternal judge

He gave me the omniscience of the prophet,

I read in the eyes of people

Pages of malice and vice.

The crowd is selfish and petty, they brutally persecute, mock and humiliate the Prophet.

The prophet goes into the desert, he remains alone, because the crowd did not accept his teachings.

love lyrics

Even in love, L could not find support for his ideals. His lyrical hero perceives true love as a wonderful gift, reflecting the fullness of life, bringing joy and peace to a person from mental anxieties and suffering. In the poem " Like heaven, your eyes shine he speaks of the "trembling soul" and "tender voice" he met. According to the lyrical hero, if you love, then with all the fullness of your soul, selflessly. But the disharmony that dominates life violates the beauty of love, makes it tragic, bringing only torment. Secular society is capable of trivializing, trampling even the purest earthly love.

Relentlessly, all his life, L loved Varvara Alexandrovna Lopukhina, who married Bakhmetyev. Varvara Alexandrovna responded to the feelings of L, but fate decreed in its own way. "Among the icy, among the merciless light," the poet's happiness was impossible. But the bright feeling experienced by them will illuminate their subsequent life. The poet speaks of this in the poem We parted; but your picture...»:

We parted; but your portrait

I keep on my chest:

Like a pale ghost of better years,

He pleases my soul.

The image of Grisha Dobrosklonov.

Grisha Dobrosklonov is a key figure in (The Image of Grisha Dobrosklonov) Nekrasov's poem “Who Lives Well in Russia”. Let me tell you a little about him. Grisha was born into the family of a poor clerk, a lazy and mediocre man. The mother, on the other hand, was a type of the very female image drawn by the author in the chapter “Peasant Woman”. Grisha determined his place in life at the age of 15. No wonder, after all, a hungry childhood, hard labor hardening, donated by his father; strong character, broad soul, inherited from the mother; a sense of collectivism, resilience, incredible perseverance, brought up in the family and the seminary, ultimately resulted in a feeling of deep p (Image of Grisha Dobrosklonov) atriotism, moreover, responsibility for the fate of an entire nation! I hope I have explained the origins of Grisha's character in an accessible way?

And now let's look at the real-biographical factor of Grisha's appearance. Perhaps you already know that Dobrolyubov was the prototype. Like him, Grisha, a fighter for all the humiliated and offended, stood for peasant interests. He had no desire to satisfy prestigious needs (if anyone remembers lectures on social science), i.e. in the foreground, he does not care about personal well-being.

Now we know something about Dobroskl "The Image of Grisha Dobrosklonov" one. Let's identify some of the "Image of Grisha Dobrosklonov" and his personal qualities in order to find out the degree of significance of the "Image of Grisha Dobrosklonov" of Grisha's awn as a key figure. To do this, we just need to select from the above "Image of Grisha Dobrosklonov" words that characterize him. Here they are: the ability to compassion, strong convictions, iron will, unpretentiousness, high efficiency, education, excellent mind. Here you and I, imperceptibly for ourselves, approached the meaning of the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov. Look: these qualities are enough to reflect the main idea of ​​the poem. Hence the conclusion is as prosaic as it is laconic: Grisha himself reflects one of the main ideas of the poem. Here is the idea: it is good to live in Russia only for such fighters for the happiness of the oppressed people. To explain why I am unlikely to succeed is a philosophical question and knowledge of psychology is required. Nevertheless, I will try to give an example: when you save someone's life, you get the feeling that you are strong and kind, a servant of the king, a father to soldiers, ... yes? And then you save the whole people ...

But this (the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov) is only a consequence, and we still have to find out where it started. Let's reason, we know that from childhood Grisha lived among unfortunate, helpless, despised people. What pushed him to such a height that made him sacrifice himself for the sake of the common people, because, frankly, limitless opportunities opened up before a literate and educated, talented young man. By the way, this feeling, quality or sensation, call it what you will, nourished Nekrasov's work, the main idea of ​​the poem was determined from his submission, patriotism and a sense of responsibility originate from him. This is the capacity for compassion. The quality that Nekrasov himself possessed and gave him to the key figure of his poem. It is quite natural that this is followed by patriotism inherent in a person from the people, and, well, a sense of responsibility to the people.

It is very important to determine the era in which the hero appeared. The epoch is the upliftment of the social movement, the many millions of people are rising to the struggle. Look:

“... The army rises innumerable -

her power is indestructible…”

The text directly proves that people's happiness is possible only as a result of a nationwide struggle against the oppressors. The main hope of the democratic revolutionaries, to which Nekrasov belonged, is a peasant revolution. And who raises revolutions? - revolutionaries, fighters for the people. For Nekrasov, it was Grisha Dobrosklonov. From this follows the second idea of ​​the poem, or, rather, it has already flowed out, it remains for us to single it out from the general stream of reflections. The people, as a result of the direction of the reforms of Alexander II, remains unhappy, oppressed, but (!) Forces for protest are ripening. The reforms spurred in him the desire for a better life. Have you noticed the words:

"…Enough! Finished with the last calculation,

Finished sir!

The Russian people gather with strength

And learns to be a citizen! ... "

The form of transmission was songs performed by Grisha. The words just reflected the feelings that the hero is endowed with. We can say that the songs were the crown of the poem because they reflect everything that I was talking about. And in general, they inspire hope that the Motherland will not perish, despite the suffering and troubles that overwhelm it, and the comprehensive revival of Russia, and most importantly, changes in the consciousness of the simple Russian people.

The main themes and motives of the lyrics of A. S. Pushkin.

A. S. Pushkin entered the history of Russia as an extraordinary phenomenon. This is not only the greatest poet, but also the founder of the Russian literary language, the founder of the new Russian literature. "Pushkin's muse", according to V. G. Belinsky, "was nurtured and brought up by the works of previous poets."

Freedom-loving lyrics

The first quarter of the 19th century was the time of the emergence of new political ideas, the birth of the Decembrist movement, the rise of social thought after the victory in the war of 1812.

In 1812, A. S. Pushkin entered the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. It is here that the creative life of the young poet begins. The mood caused by the war of 1812, the ideas of the liberation movement were close to Pushkin and found fertile ground among the lyceum students. The development of Pushkin's free-thinking was greatly influenced by the works of Radishchev, the works of the French enlighteners of the 18th century, meetings with Chaadaev, conversations with Karamzin, communication with fellow lyceum students - Pushchin, Kuchelbecker, Delvig.

Pushkin's lyceum poems are imbued with the pathos of freedom, the idea that peoples prosper only where there is no slavery. This idea is vividly expressed in the poem "Licinius" (1815).

Rome grew by freedom, but ruined by slavery!

In the St. Petersburg period, Pushkin's lyrics are especially saturated with freedom-loving political ideas and moods, most clearly expressed in the ode "Liberty", in the poems "To Chaadaev" and "The Village". Ode "Liberty" (1817) with crushing force denounced the autocracy and despotism that ruled in Russia:

Domineering villain!

I hate you, your throne

Your death, the death of children

With cruel joy I see.

The ode "Liberty" is written in verse close to the odes of Lomonosov and Derzhavin - this is a high, solemn verse, emphasizing the importance of the topic. In the poem "To Chaadaev" (1818), the internal plot develops the idea of ​​a person's civic maturation. Love, hope, quiet glory, inspiring the young man, give way to a selfless struggle against "autocracy":

While we burn with freedom

As long as hearts are alive for honor,

My friend, we will devote to the fatherland

Souls wonderful impulses!

Pushkin sees the forces preventing the liberation of the fatherland. "The oppression of the fatal power" opposes the impulses of the "impatient soul". The poet urges to dedicate the best time of life to the fatherland:

Comrade, believe: she will rise,

Star of captivating happiness

Russia will wake up from sleep

And on the ruins of autocracy

Write our names!

In the poem "The Village" (1819), Pushkin passionately branded the foundations of the serfdom - lawlessness, arbitrariness, slavery, and laid bare the "suffering of peoples." In the poem, the idyllic first part and the tragic second are contrasted in contrast. The first part of "The Village" is a preparation for the angry verdict, which is pronounced in the second part. The poet at first notices “everywhere traces of contentment and labor”, since in the village the poet joins nature, freedom, is freed “from vain shackles”. The infinity of the horizon is a natural symbol of freedom. And only such a person, to whom the village "opened" freedom and whom he made a "friend of mankind", is able to be horrified by the "wild nobility" and "skinny slavery." The poet is indignant:

Why in my chest a fruitless heat burns

And the fate of ornate has not given me a formidable gift?

Freedom is already seen by the poet not as a distant “star of captivating happiness”, but as a “beautiful dawn”. From the ardent message "To Chaadaev" and the bitter wrath of "The Village", Pushkin moves to a doubt dictated by impatience ("Who, the waves, left you ..."), to the crisis of 1823 ("The Sower"), caused by the fact that Pushkin turns out to be witnessed the suppression and death of European revolutions. He is not sure about the readiness of peoples to fight for freedom:

Desert sower of freedom,

I left early, before the star;

By a pure and innocent hand

In enslaved reins

Threw a life-giving seed -

But I only lost time

Good thoughts and works...

Memories are majestic:

Napoleon died there.

There he rested in torment.

And after him, like a storm noise,

Another genius rushed away from us,

In the elegy "To the Sea" the thirst for freedom-element collides with a sober consciousness of the "fate of people" who live by their own laws. In the meantime, the only thing left for the poet is to preserve the memory of the beautiful indomitable elements:

The theme of freedom in a variety of variations is also manifested in the poems “Why were you sent and who sent you?”, “To Yazykov”, “A conversation between a bookseller and a poet”, “Defenders of the whip and lash”, etc. Throughout the life of A.S. Pushkin was faithful to the ideals of the Decembrists. He did not hide his spiritual connection with the Decembrist movement. And the defeat of the Decembrists on December 14, 1825 did not undermine the poet's devotion to freedom. To his Decembrist friends exiled to Siberia, he writes a message "In the depths of the Siberian ores" (1827), in which he expresses the belief that

Heavy chains will fall

The dungeons will collapse - and freedom

Although the poet was left alone, he is faithful to his friends, faithful to the ideals of freedom.

In the poem "Monument", summing up his life and work, the poet says that his descendants will remember him for the fact that "in a cruel age he glorified ... freedom and mercy to the fallen."

The theme of the poet and poetry

The theme of the poet and poetry runs through all the work of A. S. Pushkin, receiving different interpretations over the years, reflecting the changes taking place in the poet's worldview.

the image of a freedom-loving poet-thinker, a fiery-severe denouncer of vices is sweet:

I want to sing freedom to the world

On thrones to strike vice...

In the poem "The Conversation of a Bookseller with a Poet" (1824), the poet and the bookseller express their attitude towards poetry in the form of a dialogue. The author's view of literature and poetry is somewhat mundane here. There is a new understanding of the tasks of poetry. The hero of the poem, the poet, speaks of poetry that brings "fiery delight" to the soul. He chooses spiritual freedom and

poetic. But the bookseller says:

Our age of trade; in this age of iron

There is no freedom without money.

Pushkin considers his work-poetry not only as a "brainchild" of inspiration, but also as a means of subsistence. However, to the question of the bookseller: “What will you choose?” - the poet answers: "Freedom." Gradually comes the understanding that no political freedom is possible without inner freedom and that only spiritual harmony will give a person

feel independent.

After the massacre of the Decembrists, Pushkin writes a poem "Prophet» (1826). The mission of the prophet is beautiful and terrible at the same time: "Burn the hearts of people with the verb."

The process of human transformation is nothing but the birth of a poet. “The prophetic eyes were opened” in order to see the world around, “the sting of the wise snake” was given instead of the tongue, and instead of the quivering heart - “coal burning with fire”. But this is not enough to become the chosen one. We still need a lofty goal, an idea in the name of which the poet creates and which enlivens, gives meaning to everything that he so sensitively hears and sees. "God's voice" commands

"burn people's hearts" with a poetic word, showing the true truth of life:

Arise, prophet, and see, and listen,

Fulfill my will

And, bypassing the seas and lands,

Burn people's hearts with the verb.

The poem has an allegorical meaning, but in this case the poet affirms the divine nature of poetry, which means that the poet is also responsible only to the Creator.

In a poem "Poet"(1827) also appears the motif of the poet's divine election. And when inspiration descends, “the divine verb touches the sensitive ear”, the poet feels his chosenness, the vain amusements of the world become alien to him:

He runs, wild and stern,

And full of sounds and confusion,

On the shores of desert waves

In the noisy oak forests...

In the poems “To the Poet”, “The Poet and the Crowd”, Pushkin proclaims the idea of ​​freedom and independence of the poet from the “crowd”, “mob”, meaning by these words “secular mob”, people who are deeply indifferent to true poetry. The crowd does not see any benefit in the work of the poet, because it does not bring any material benefits:

Like the wind, its song is free,

But like the wind it is barren:

What use is it to us?

This attitude of the "uninitiated" crowd irritates the poet, and he contemptuously throws to the crowd:

Shut up you stupid people

Day laborer, slave of need, worries!

I can't bear your impudent murmur,

You are a worm of the earth, not a son of heaven...

Poetry is for the elite:

We are born to inspire

For sweet sounds and prayers.

This is how Pushkin formulates the goal in whose name the poet comes into the world. "Sweet sounds" and "prayers", beauty and God - these are the guidelines that guide him through life.

Philosophical lyrics

The subject of Pushkin's poetry has always been life itself. In his poems we will find everything: both real portraits of time, and philosophical reflections on the main issues of life, and the eternal change of nature, and the movement of the human soul. Pushkin was more than a famous world poet. He was a historian, a philosopher, a literary critic, a great man who represented an era.

The measure of beauty for him was in life itself, in its harmony. Pushkin felt and understood how unhappy a person is who has not managed to build his life according to the laws of beauty. The poet’s philosophical thoughts about the meaning and purpose of existence, about life and death, about good and evil are heard in the poems “Do I wander along the noisy streets ...” (1829), “The Cart of Life” (1823), “Anchar” (1828) , "Scene from Faust" (1825), "Oh no, I'm not tired of life ..." and others. The poet is haunted by inevitable sadness and melancholy (“Winter Road”), tormented by spiritual dissatisfaction (“Remembrance”, 1828; “Crazy Years Faded Fun”, 1830), afraid of the premonition of impending troubles (“Premonition”, 1828).

But all these hardships did not lead to despair and hopelessness. In the poem "On the hills of Georgia lies the darkness of the night ..." the poet says:

My sadness is light.

In the poem "Elegy" (1830), the tragic notes of the first part

My path is sad

Promises me labor and sorrow

The coming exciting sea...

are replaced by a rush to life no matter what:

But I do not want, oh others, to die,

I want to live in order to think and suffer.

The poem "To Chaadaev" (1818) reflects Pushkin's dreams of changes in Russia:

Russia will wake up from sleep

And on the ruins of autocracy

Write our names!

landscape lyrics

Landscape poetry occupies an important place in the poetic world of A. S. Pushkin. He was the first Russian poet who not only knew and fell in love with the beautiful world of nature, but also revealed its beauty to readers.

Poetry for Pushkin is not only a merger with the natural world, but also complete harmony, dissolved in the "eternal beauty" of this world. It is nature in its eternal cycle that creates the artist himself. “The mighty ridge of clouds is thinning”, “The daylight has gone out ...”, “To the sea” and others. In the poem "The daylight went out" (1820), the poet conveys the sad state of mind of the lyrical hero, striving in his memoirs to "the sad shores of the foggy homeland." The dusk of the evening turned the sea into a "gloomy ocean", which evokes sadness, melancholy and does not heal "the wounds of the former heart."

And in the poem "To the Sea" (1824), the poet draws the "solemn beauty" of the sea, inspiring the poet:

How I loved your reviews

Deaf sounds, abyss voice,

And silence in the evening

And wayward impulses!

The poem "Winter Morning" (1829) reflects the harmony of the state of nature and the mood of man. When in the evening the “blizzard was angry”, the poet’s girlfriend “sat sad”, but with a change in the weather, the mood also changes. Here Pushkin paints a wonderful picture of a winter morning:

Under blue skies

splendid carpets,

Shining in the sun, the snow lies,

The transparent forest alone turns black,

And the spruce turns green through the frost,

And the river under the ice glitters.

P. was a real poetic painter of nature, he perceived it with the keen eye of an artist and the delicate ear of a musician. In the poem "Autumn" (1833), A. S. Pushkin is polyphonic and complex, like nature itself. The poet does not like the seasons, which seem to him monotonous, monotonous. But each line, creating the image of the favorite season - autumn, is filled with love and admiration:

Sad time! oh charm!

Your farewell beauty is pleasant to me -

I love the magnificent nature of wilting,

Forests clad in crimson and gold...

To the poet, autumn is sweet "with its quiet beauty, shining humbly", "from the annual seasons, he is glad only for her alone."

Friendship and love theme

In the lyceum, the cult of friendship inherent in Pushkin is born. Throughout the life of the poet, the content and meaning of friendship changes. What unites friends? In the poem "Feasting Students" (1814), friendship for Pushkin is a happy union of liberty, joy. Friends are united by a carefree mood. Years will pass, and in a poem<19 октября» (1825) дружба для поэта - защита от «сетей судьбы суровой» в годы одиночества. Мысль о друзьях, которых судьба разбросала по свету, помогла поэту пережить ссылку и преодолеть замкнутость

"house of the disgraced". Friendship resists the persecution of fate.

Friendship for Pushkin is the generosity of the soul, gratitude, kindness. And there is nothing higher than the bonds of friendship for a poet.

My friends, our union is beautiful!

He, like a soul, is inseparable and eternal -

Unshakable, free and carefree -

He grew together under the shadow of friendly muses.

The poet experienced the failure of the Decembrist uprising, among whom were many of his friends and acquaintances.

love lyrics

Pushkin is sincerity, nobility, delight, admiration, but not windiness. Beauty for the poet is a "shrine" (the poem "Beauty").

In the Lyceum, love appears to the poet as inspiring suffering ("The Singer", "To Morpheus", "Desire").

I cherish my love of torment -

Let me die, but let me die loving!

During the period of southern exile, love is a merger with the elements of life, nature, a source of inspiration (poems “The flying ridge is thinning clouds”, “Night”). Pushkin's love lyrics, reflecting the complex vicissitudes of life, joyful and sorrowful, acquire high sincerity and sincerity. The poem "I remember a wonderful moment ..." (1825) is a hymn to beauty and love. The period of southern exile (May 1820 - July 1824) constitutes a new, mostly romantic, stage in the path of Pushkin the poet, which is very important for all his further creative development. It was during these years, in accordance with one of the main requirements of romanticism, that Pushkin's desire for "nationality" - the national identity of creativity - was growing, which was an essential prerequisite for Pushkin's subsequent "poetry of reality" - Pushkin's realism.

The poet not only completely rejects the rational "rules" of classicism, which regulate the choice of the object of the image, and genres, and style, but also more and more overcomes the salon-literary narrowness of Karamzin's "new style", as well as the conventions and clichés of the elegiac style largely associated with it. Zhukovsky - Batyushkov schools; he opens up ever wider access to the national folk language element - "colloquial" (see, for example, his poem "The Cart of Life", 1823). The poet comes out more and more firmly and confidently on his independent creative way, thereby opening a qualitatively new "Pushkin period" (in Belinsky's terminology) in the development of Russian literature.

Sadness, separation, suffering, hopelessness accompany Pushkin's best love poems, which have reached the heights of cordiality and poetry: "Do not sing, beauty, with me..." (1828), "I loved you..." (1829), "On hills of Georgia ... "(1829)," What is in my name-?.. "(1830)," Farewell "(1830). These poems enchant with overflows of truly human feelings - silent and hopeless, rejected, mutual and triumphant, but always immensely

Preview:

TOPIC OF THE LESSON:

Creativity of A.S. Pushkin.

The main themes and motives of Pushkin's lyrics.

Analysis of verses.

It is impossible to repeat Pushkin.

N.V. Gogol

Reading Pushkin, you can in a magnificent way

Cultivate a person

V.G. Belinsky

Type of: practical lesson on the analysis of a poetic text, SNZ.

Methods: reproductive, creative reading.

Lesson Objectives:

1. Identify with the main themes and motifs of Pushkin's lyrics
2. To acquaint with the love, philosophical, civil lyrics of A.S. Pushkin, to arouse interest in the personality and work of the poet;
3. To study facts, evidence, to consider different points of view, interpretations of the poet's personality;
4. Compare the topics raised in the poet's lyrics with the problems of today.

DURING THE CLASSES

1. Org. moment

2. The word of the teacher will enter.

3. Frontal poll: biography of Pushkin.

4. New theme. Teacher's word.

The work can be group work (the whole class is divided into mini-groups that are responsible for a specific topic in the poet's lyrics) or collective work.

MAIN TOPICS OF PUSHKIN'S LYRICS

1. Civic theme:“Licinius”, an ode to “Liberty”, (1818 calls for sacred observance of the law, to which both the people and the tsar are equally subject), “To Chaadaev” (“Love, Hope, Quiet Glory ...”, 1818), “Village” (1819) - (admiration for the beauty of native nature, but “a terrible thought darkens the soul here”, because “wild nobility, without feelings, without the Law”), “Prisoner”, “Winter evening”, “Arion”, “In the depths of Siberian ores …”, “Anchar”, “I erected a monument to myself miraculous…”

2. Patriotic theme:“To the Slanderers of Russia” (1831), “The Anniversary of Borodino” (1831), the poet speaks of the need for the unity of the people and power in periods of historical upheavals that threaten the very existence of Russia.

3. Love Theme: “I remember a wonderful moment ...” (1825), “I loved you ...”, “On the hills of Georgia ...” (1829), “Burned letter”, “Confession”, “Do not sing, beauty, with me ...”, “What in my name to you?”, “For the shores of the distant homeland”, “Black Shawl”, “Desire of Glory” (1825), “Elegy” (“Crazy Years Faded Fun ...”, 1830)

4. Friendship Theme: "Feasting Students", "October 19" (1825), "To Friends", "Delvig", "Pushchin", "In the depths of Siberian ores ...", "Arion"

5. The theme of the poet and poetry: “Poet”, “Prophet” (1826) - (The appointment of the poet is “burn the hearts of people with the verb”), “Poet and the crowd” (1828), “To the poet” (1830), “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...” (1836 ), "Conversation of a bookseller with a poet", "Mobile",

6. Theme of the motherland and nature:"Village", "To the Sea", "Winter Evening" (1825), "Winter Road", "Winter Morning" (1829), "Demons", "Cloud", "Autumn" (1833), "Crash" (1829 ), “Again I visited ...” (1835)

7. Philosophical lyrics:“The cart of life”, “A gift in vain, a random gift ...”, “Do I wander along the noisy streets ...”, “Demons”, “It's time, my friend, it's time ...”, “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...” (1836

To Chaadaev (1818)

Love, hope, quiet glory

The deceit did not live long for us,

Gone are the funs of youth

Like a dream, like a morning mist;

But we still have a burning desire,

Under the yoke of fatal power

With an impatient soul

Fatherland heed the invocation.

We wait with longing hope

Minutes of liberty of the saint,

As a young lover waits

Minutes of true goodbye.

While we burn with freedom

As long as hearts are alive for honor,

My friend, we will devote to the fatherland

Souls wonderful impulses!

Comrade, believe: she will rise,

Star of captivating happiness

Russia will wake up from sleep

And on the ruins of autocracy

Write our names!

A portrait of the entire generation of that era is given; the lyrical hero sets clear goals for himself, believes in a bright future. The message is imbued with the spirit of citizenship, patriotism, hope for the future revival of the country.

The lyrical hero is ready to sacrifice himself in the name of the Motherland.

"Village" (1818)

1. What is the meaning of the rhetorical question at the end of the poem?

2. How do the ideas of the poem "The Village" resonate with the ideas of the Decembrists?

Conclusion: In the poem "Village" the poetdenounces serfdom. The poet-dreamer turns into a poet-citizen, whose personal freedom is inseparable from the freedom of the people. Freedom, according to A.S. Pushkin, should be enshrined in law (constitution).

In the depths of Siberian ores(1827)

In the depths of Siberian ores

Keep proud patience

Your mournful work will not be lost

And doom high aspiration.

Unfortunately faithful sister,

Hope in the dark dungeon

Wake up cheerfulness and fun,

The desired time will come:

Love and friendship up to you

They will reach through the gloomy gates,

Like in your hard labor holes

My free voice is coming.

Heavy chains will fall

The dungeons will collapse - and freedom

You will be gladly received at the entrance,

And the brothers will give you the sword.

Genre message; the main theme is friendship, the poet supports friends in difficult times, does not turn away from them.

He did not lose faith in the ideals of the Decembrists, in their noble desire to help the common people. Topic- the author's belief in the triumph of justice. Idea - the motherland will not forget the feat of the Decembrists.

1. What are the living conditions of the Decembrists in Siberian exile?

2. What images help to understand the attitude of A.S. Pushkin to the Decembrists?

3. How is the soul of the poet revealed in this poem?

Conclusion: A. S. Pushkin shares the views of the Decembrists, their “thought high aspiration”, the nobility of their thoughts. The concept of "freedom" is associated with political transformations:

"Heavy chains will fall,

The dungeons will collapse - and freedom

You will be gladly received at the entrance,

And the brothers will give you the sword"

Cart of Life (1823)

Though it is sometimes heavy in her burden,

The cart on the go is easy;

Dashing coachman, gray time,

Lucky, will not get off the irradiation.

In the morning we sit in the cart;

We are happy to break the head

And, despising laziness and bliss,

We shout: let's go! . . . . . . .

But at noon there is no such courage;

Shocked us: we are more afraid

And slopes and ravines;

We shout: take it easy, fools!

The cart is still rolling;

In the evening we got used to it

And slumbering we go until the night,

And time drives horses.

"MADONNA" (1830)

Not many paintings by old masters

I always wanted to decorate my abode,

So that the visitor marveled at them superstitiously,

Listening to the important judgment of connoisseurs.

In my simple corner, in the midst of slow labors,

One picture I wanted to be forever a spectator,

One: so that on me from the canvas, as from the clouds,

Pure and our divine savior -

She is with greatness, he is with reason in his eyes -

Looked, meek, in glory and in the rays,

Alone, without angels, under the palm tree of Zion.

My wishes have been fulfilled. Creator

He sent you down to me, you, my Madonna,

The purest beauty, the purest example.

A gift in vain, a gift random,

Life, why are you given to me?

Or why the fate of the mystery

Are you sentenced to death?

Who got me hostile power

Called out of nothingness

Filled my soul with passion

Doubt aroused the mind? ..

There is no goal in front of me:

The heart is empty, the mind is empty,

And makes me sad

The monotonous noise of life.

I Loved You: Still Love, Perhaps (1829)

I loved you: love is still, perhaps,

In my soul it has not completely died out;

But don't let it bother you anymore;

I don't want to sadden you with anything.

I loved you silently, hopelessly,

Either timidity, or jealousy languish;

I loved you so sincerely, so tenderly,

How God forbid you loved to be different.

Topic - a story of unrequited love; Idea - despite the unrequited feeling, the hero wishes his beloved great love. Past tense in form, but still present in meaning and content. This is a confession - a recognition of the poet, and not an appeal to a particular woman.

1. What is the attitude of the poet to failed love: disappointment, sorrow, anger, humility, nobility, irony? Explain your choice.

"On the hills of Georgia..." 1829

On the hills of Georgia lies the darkness of the night;

Noisy Aragva before me.

I'm sad and easy; my sadness is light;

My sorrow is full of you

By you, by you alone... My despondency

Nothing hurts, nothing worries

And the heart burns again and loves - because

That it cannot love.

Topic - high feeling of love; Idea “The heart cannot help but love”

K*** (1825)

I remember a wonderful moment:

You appeared before me

Like a fleeting vision

Like a genius of pure beauty.

In the languor of hopeless sadness,

In the anxieties of noisy bustle,

And dreamed of cute features.

Years passed. Storms rush rebellious

Scattered old dreams

Your heavenly features.

In the wilderness, in the darkness of confinement

My days passed quietly

Without a god, without inspiration,

No tears, no life, no love.

The soul has awakened:

And here you are again

Like a fleeting vision

Like a genius of pure beauty.

And the heart beats in rapture

And for him they rose again

And deity, and inspiration,

And life, and tears, and love.

The poem is dedicatedAnna Petrovna Kern, with whom the poet met in St. Petersburg (1819), and in the summer of 1825 he met in Trigorskoye (neighboring with Mikhailovsky village). The poet presents this poem as a gift to Anna Petrovna on the day of her departure from the village. 3 parts: the first meeting, the years of separation, a new meeting with Kern. In this verse, and "love" is not so much a feeling as a state of the poet's soul (a change in state of mind).

Topic - the role of love in human life. Idea Life is meaningless without love.

Petersburg. 1819.One of the noisy social evenings in the Olenins' house with dinner, dancing, charades. Talking jokingly with friends, Pushkin follows a very young, charming woman with his eyes. His imagination is struck by a deep, hidden sadness in the huge eyes of a stranger. During supper, he exchanged a few common phrases with her and for a long time afterwards admired her radiant beauty. By the end of the evening, he already knows a lot about her. Daughter of the landowner P. M. Poltoratsky and E. I. Wolf,as a 16-year-old girl, she was married off to a rude, completely alien person who was 36 years older than her - General Yermolai Fedorovich Kern. And many years later, Pushkin read the lines in Anna Kern's diary in which she speaks of her husband "It's impossible to love him, I can't even respect him, I'll be honest, I almost hate him, hell would be better than heaven if I had to be with him in heaven"

But Pushkin would read it only years later. In the meantime... The evening is over. The guests are leaving. Pushkin, without putting on his fur coat, jumped out into the cold and stood on the porch. How he would like, drowning in the snow up to his knees, to run up to the departing Kern's carriage, to help the beauty up the folded-down steps. Perhaps she would thank him with a look. Many fleeting impressions of youth have been erased without a trace in the memory of the poet,but the image of Anna Kern sunk deep into the soul. Many years later. During this time, Pushkin became a famous poet, a poet who was out of favor with the authorities. In exile, in the remote village of Mikhailovsky, far from the capital, Pushkin was always a welcome guest in the neighboringthe village of Trigorsk. It was here in June 1825 that Pushkin met Kern again., who stopped in transit at her relative Osipova, the mistress of the estate. They saw each other almost every day for a month. It was at this time that the famous poem "I remember a wonderful moment...

And here we have another portrait - a pale, thoughtful girl, the daughter of Anna Petrovna Kern, Ekaterina. She is not as good-looking as Anna, but she inherited her mother's large, sad eyes... There was even something suffering, doomed in her pale face with thick lips... Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka saw her for the first time in March 1839. Throughout the evening he kept watching Ekaterina Ermolaevna, listening to her voice, following the movement of her hands, and something unusually bright, not yet conscious, was born in his soul. He discovered in the girl an extraordinary mind, spiritual subtlety. She knew and loved music. How different it was from what he met at home. An empty and narrow-minded wife turned out to be a frivolous coquette, completely alien to his interests. Often visiting his sister, communicating with Ekaterina Kern, Glinka became more and more attached to her. Meeting her became a necessity for him. And soon she had notes of Glinka's romance "I remember a wonderful moment." It is remarkable that the poems written by a great poet for a mother were set to music by a great composer for her daughter. And again, as fifteen years ago, when Pushkin handed the poems to Anna Kern, they sounded like recognition. It is difficult to name a work where music is inextricably merged with poetry, as in this romance. Pushkin's poem expressed what the composer himself experienced, which is probably why such an amazing fusion of music and words became possible. The growth and deepening of feelings, all stages of spiritual experiences expressed in poetry, are conveyed by music, sometimes thoughtful and tender, sometimes passionate and even tragic..)

"Do I wander along the noisy streets" (1829)

Do I wander along the noisy streets,

Do I enter a crowded temple,

Am I sitting among the foolish youths,

I surrender to my dreams.

I say the years go by

And no matter how much you see us here,

We will all descend under the eternal vaults -

And someone's hour is near.

I look at the solitary oak,

I think: the patriarch of the forests

Will survive my forgotten age,

How he survived the age of his fathers.

I caress the sweet baby,

I'm already thinking: I'm sorry!

I give you a place:

It's time for me to smolder, for you to bloom.

Every day, every year

I'm used to thinking

coming death anniversary

Between them trying to guess.

And where will fate send me death?

Whether in battle, in wandering, in waves?

Or the neighboring valley

Will my will take the chilled dust?

And though the insensible body

It's the same everywhere to rot,

But closer to the sweet limit

I would like to rest.

And let at the coffin entrance

Young will play life

And indifferent nature

Shine with eternal beauty.

Prophet (1826)

Spiritual thirst tormented,

In the gloomy desert I dragged myself

And a six-winged seraph

At the crossroads he appeared to me;

Fingers light as a dream

He touched my apples:

Prophetic eyes opened,

Like a frightened eagle.

He touched my ears

And they were filled with noise and ringing:

And I heard the shudder of the sky,

And the heavenly angels flight

And the reptile of the sea underwater course,

And the valley of the vine vegetation.

And he clung to my lips,

And tore out my sinful tongue,

And idle and crafty,

And the sting of the wise snake

In my frozen mouth

He invested it with a bloody right hand.

And he cut my chest with a sword,

And took out a trembling heart,

And coal burning with fire

He put a hole in his chest.

Like a corpse in the desert I lay,

And God's voice called out to me:

“Arise, prophet, and see, and listen,

Fulfill my will

And, bypassing the seas and lands,

Burn the hearts of people with the verb "

Topic - traits and character traits that a poet must possess (unlike an ordinary person) in order to fully fulfill his destiny.

Idea - only at the hottest intensity of his feelings, the poet is able to create a highly artistic work, fully devoting himself to this matter. We need a lofty goal, an idea in the name of which the poet creates.

« Winter Evening" 1825

The storm covers the sky with mist,

Whirlwinds of snow twisting;

Like a beast, she will howl

It will cry like a child

That on a dilapidated roof

Suddenly the straw will rustle,

Like a belated traveler

There will be a knock on our window.

Our ramshackle shack

And sad and dark.

What are you, my old lady,

Silent at the window?

Or howling storms

You, my friend, are tired

Or slumber under the buzz

Your spindle?

Let's drink, my friend

My poor youth

Let's drink from grief; where is the mug?

The heart will be happy.

Sing me a song like a titmouse

She lived quietly across the sea;

Sing me a song like a maiden

She followed the water in the morning.

The storm covers the sky with mist,

Whirlwinds of snow twisting;

Like a beast, she will howl

It will cry like a child.

Let's drink, my friend

My poor youth

Let's drink from grief: where is the mug?

The heart will be happy.

“I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” (1836)

I erected a monument to myself not made by hands,

The folk trail will not grow to it,

He ascended higher as the head of the rebellious

Pillar of Alexandria.

No, all of me will not die - the soul is in the cherished lyre

My ashes will survive and decay will run away -

And I will be glorious as long as in the sublunar world

At least one piit will live.

The rumor about me will spread throughout the great Russia,

And every language that is in it will call me,

And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild

Tungus, and a Kalmyk friend of the steppes.

And for a long time I will be kind to the people,

That I aroused good feelings with lyre,

That in my cruel age I glorified freedom

And he called for mercy on the fallen.

By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,

Not afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown;

Praise and slander received with indifference

And don't dispute the fool

Genre : majestic ode.Poetic size- 6-foot solemn iambic.

Topic - full dignity of the poet's assessment of the work he has done; Idea - the main thing in poetic creativity - the greatness and influence of a true poet will cross the borders of the country and era. Pushkin understood that there are 2 ways for a poet: the way of serving the crowd and the way of serving the truth. The poet confirms every word with deeds, creativity, even life itself.

“This is at the same time a confession, self-esteem, a manifesto and testament of a great poet” (V.V. Vinogradov).

QUESTIONS FOR SELF-CHECK.

1. “Burn the hearts of people with the verb". What features, according to Pushkin, should a poet have?

2. Analyze one of the poet's poems.

3 What are the leading themes and motifs of Pushkin's lyrics. Read by heart and analyze one of your favorite poems by the poet.

4 What do you see as the features of Pushkin's romanticism? In what works do they appear most clearly? Give examples from the poet's lyrical and lyrical works known to you.

5 What caused the evolution of Pushkin's creative method, his appeal to realism? How did the romantic and realistic principles combine in the poet's work during the period of Mikhailovsky exile and subsequent years? V. G. Belinsky spoke about “cherishing humanity» poetry of A. S. Pushkin. Expand on specific examples the humanistic essence of the poet's lyrics. What is its significance for educating the reader's feelings?

6. What is the significance of A. S. Pushkin's work for Russian society and the development of Russian literature?

7. Most of Pushkin's works formed the basis of the musical creations of famous Russian composers and were embodied in romances, arias, and operas. Which of the poet's works is set to music? Name the composers. What featuresworks of A. S. Pushkin made them possible

"The Sun of Russian Poetry..."

V.F. Odoevsky

Period

The childhood of the poet

years

Boldin autumn

Petersburg

last years of life

Arina Rodionovna Yakovleva (Matveeva)

Maria Alekseevna Gannibal

Naumov. "Pushkin's duel with Dantes."

Adrian Volkov. "Pushkin's last shot"

political lyrics

Patriotic motives:

A) love for native nature; b) pride in the heroic past of their people; c) a sense of national pride

Free-spirited motives:

d) protest against autocracy and serfdom; e) the desire for "holy liberty"; f) chanting love of freedom, independence of a person

Poems:

Ode "Liberty", "Licinius", "To Chaadaev", "Village", "To Siberia", "Arion", "Anchar", "Prisoner", "Bird", "Freedom sower of the desert..." (1823) , "To the sea" (1824).

landscape lyrics

Poems: “Autumn”, “Winter Evening”, “Winter Road”, “Winter Morning”, “Cloud”, “To the Sea”, “I visited again ...”, “Village”, “The flying ridge is thinning clouds ...” (1820), "Caucasus" (1829), "Winter. What should we do in the village? I meet ..." (1829), "Autumn" (1833), "... Again I visited ..." (1835 )

Philosophical lyrics

The poet's reflections on the meaning of life, on the purpose of man, on the immortality of the soul, on the eternity of being.

Poems: “Again I visited ...”, “Do I wander along the noisy streets ...”, “Feasting students”, “Elegy”, “I outlived my desires ...” (1821), “It happened in sweet blindness ...” ( 1823), "A vain gift, an accidental gift ..." (1828), "Anchar" (1828), "Demons" (1830), etc.

The theme of the poet and poetry:

a) the relationship between the poet and the authorities; b) the appointment of the artist in society; c) the poet and the people; the poet and the crowd; d) assessment of one's own creativity.

Poems: "Prophet", "Monument",

“The Poet and the Crowd”, “Echo”, “Mobile”, “To N. Ya. Pluskova”, “Poet”

Friendship Theme:

a) friendship as a fraternal union of lyceum students; b) friendship as a unity of like-mindedness

Poems:"Memories in Tsarskoye Selo", "Pushchin", "Friends", "Delvig",

Love lyrics:

a) love as an ideal, high feeling of a person; b) unrequited love

Poems:"I loved you",

“I remember a wonderful moment ...”, “Her eyes”, “Loquatic language of love”, “Desire of fame”,

"Madonna", "Burnt letter", "Night darkness lies on the hills of Georgia..." and others.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin - the world-famous poet, prose writer, publicist, playwright and literary critic - went down in history not only as the author of unforgettable works, but also as the founder of a new literary Russian language. At the mere mention of Pushkin, the image of a primordially Russian national poet immediately arises. The poet Pushkin is an internationally recognized genius, the lexicon of his works is unique, the imagery of his lyrics is wide and absolutely unique, the depth of the sensual and philosophical component of his poems amazes and excites readers of all countries and all generations. But still, Pushkin's lyrics deserve special attention, the versatility and imagery of which has not yet been fully studied.

The color of Pushkin's lyrics

Pushkin's lyrics are his poetic biography and, at the same time, a creative chronicle of the everyday and spiritual life of those distant times. The war of 1812 and 1825, and dreams about "holy liberty", loved ones, friends and enemies, "beautiful moments" of life and sadness and "sadness of bygone days" - all these moments were reflected in writing in Pushkin's poems, messages, elegies , poetic tales, songs, epigrams. And all these themes and motifs of Pushkin's lyrics are so harmoniously combined by the author that not the slightest tension or dissonance is felt during the reading of his works. This indescribable inner unity of Pushkin's lyrics was extremely aptly and precisely defined by V. Belinsky: "The whole color of Pushkin's lyrical and any other poetry is the inner human beauty and humanity that warms the soul."

Pushkin's love lyrics

Pushkin's love lyrics are rightly called "an encyclopedia of love experiences." It contains a wide palette of feelings: from the beautiful and bewitching moment of the first quivering date to the complete disappointment and loneliness of the soul devastated by passions. Love in Pushkin's lyrics is very different. This is an ideal feeling that elevates the soul of any person, and just an accidental hobby that suddenly arises, but just as quickly passes, and a burning passion, accompanied by outbreaks of jealousy and resentment. The main motives of Pushkin's love lyrics are easy falling in love, an adult and meaningful feeling, passion, jealousy and pain, resentment and disappointment.

The poem "I remember a wonderful moment ..."

Pushkin's most famous poem "I remember a wonderful moment ..." the author wrote during his exile in Mikhailovsky. These words are addressed to Anna Petrovna Kern. Pushkin first saw her in St. Petersburg in 1819 and was carried away by her. Six years later, he met her again at the neighbors, the landowners of the village of Trigorskoye, where Anna came to visit her aunt. The feeling of love in the soul of the poet flared up with renewed vigor. Before Anna left Trigorskoye, Pushkin presented her with a piece of note paper folded in four. Unfolding it, Anna saw poetic lines that would later become a masterpiece of Russian lyrics and glorify her name forever.

The compositional structure of the poem

It reflects the main biographical milestones of the relationship between Pushkin and Kern, the main thing here is the motive of recollection in Pushkin's lyrics. Compositionally, the poem is divided into three separate semantic parts. Each of them, in turn, consists of two quatrains - the same size quatrains. In the first part, the lyrical hero recalls the "wonderful moment" when he saw the beauty and fell in love with her forever. The second describes the years of parting - a time "without a deity and without rage." In the third - a new meeting of lovers, a new flash of feelings, in which "both the deity, and inspiration, and life, and tears, and love." For the lyrical hero of the poem, love is like a true miracle, a divine revelation. This is exactly how the poet Pushkin himself felt at that time, it was exactly how he lived in him then, and he lived by them without looking back.

The poem "I loved you ..."

Another of his famous poems "I loved you..." Pushkin wrote in 1829 along with another of his masterpieces - "What's in my name for you?..". Initially, the work was included in the album of Karolina Sobańska, with whom the poet was hopelessly in love for a long time. A distinctive feature of the verse "I loved you ..." is that the lyrical feeling in it is transmitted extremely laconic, but surprisingly aphoristic and expressive. There are almost no metaphors, hidden images, polysyllabic epithets cutting the ear, with which the poets of those times usually depicted their feelings for their beloved, are almost absent in the poem. However, the image of love that arises before the reader from the lines of the poem is full of magical poetry and charm, unusual light sadness. The culmination of the work, reflecting the main motifs of Pushkin's lyrics in the love theme, are the two final lines. In them, the poet not only says that he “loved so sincerely, so tenderly,” but also wishes the object of his past adoration happiness with a new chosen one with the words “how God grant you be loved to be different.”

Landscape lyrics by Pushkin

Nature has always been inexhaustible for Pushkin. His poems reflect numerous images of pictures of nature and the elements, various seasons, of which the poet loved autumn most of all. Pushkin showed himself to be a real master of landscape detail, a singer of Russian landscapes, picturesque corners of the Crimea and the Caucasus. The main themes, motifs of Pushkin's lyrics are always, one way or another, "tied" with the surrounding nature. It is conceived by the poet as an independent aesthetic value that is admired, however, the vast majority of Pushkin's landscape poems are built in the form of a comparison of pictures of nature and situations of human life. Natural images often serve as a contrasting or, conversely, consonant accompaniment to the thoughts and actions of the lyrical hero. As if the pictures of nature in the poet's lyrics act as a living literary background. She acts as poetic symbols of his dreams, aspirations, spiritual values ​​defended by him.

Poem "To the Sea"

Pushkin began to write this poem in 1824 in Odessa, already aware of his new exile in Mikhailovskoye, where he subsequently completed work on the poem. The main motives of Pushkin's lyrics, which have a natural orientation, always run in parallel - natural phenomena and the feelings and experiences of the poet himself. In the poem "To the Sea", farewell to the sea distances becomes the basis for the poet's lyrical reflections on the tragedy of human fate, on the fatal force that historical circumstances have over it. The sea, its free element for the poet is a symbol of freedom, evokes associations with the figures of two personalities who were the rulers of thoughts and the personification of human power. This very power of the circumstances of daily life seems to be as strong and free as the element of the sea. These are Napoleon and Byron, with whom Pushkin compares himself. This motif of remembrance in Pushkin's lyrics, where he refers to departed geniuses, is inherent in many of his poems. Geniuses are no more, and the fate of the poet continues in all its tragedy.

Tyranny and education - a contradiction in the poem

In the poem, in addition to natural motives, the poet brings together two concepts: tyranny and education. Like other romantics of that time, Pushkin implies in his work that civilization, introducing a new education system, simultaneously spoils the naturalness and sincerity of simple human relations, controlled by the dictates of the heart. Saying goodbye to the free and powerful sea element, Pushkin, as it were, says goodbye to the romantic period of his work, which is being replaced by a realistic worldview. Freedom-loving motifs in Pushkin's lyrics increasingly flicker in his later works. And even if at first it seems that the central core of the poem is a landscape, a description of natural phenomena, one should look for a hidden meaning associated with the poet’s desire to release his craving for freedom, to spread the wings of his inspiration to the fullest, without fear and without looking back at the strict censorship of those rebellious times.

Philosophical lyrics of Pushkin

Pushkinskaya contains the poet's understanding of the imperishable themes of human existence: the meaning of life, death and eternity, good and evil, nature and civilization, man and society, society and history. An important place in it belongs to the themes of friendship (especially in poems dedicated to lyceum comrades), devotion to the ideals of goodness and justice (in messages to former lyceum students and Decembrist friends), sincerity and purity of moral relations (in poems reflecting on the meaning of life, about relatives). and people close to the poet). Philosophical motifs accompany the poet's lyrics the more often the older he gets. The most profound in philosophical terms are Pushkin's last poems, written shortly before his death. It was as if the poet, anticipating his departure, was afraid of not telling, not thinking and not feeling, he wanted to pass on to his descendants all of himself without a trace.

Pushkin's civil lyrics

The civic theme in Pushkin's lyrics is revealed through the motives of love for the motherland, through a sense of national pride in its historical past, through a strong protest against autocracy and serfdom, which threatens the primordial freedom of a person as an individual. The main motives of Pushkin's lyrics of a civil orientation are the themes of freedom and inner human strength. Not only political freedom, which consists in serving high social ideals based on the principles of equality and justice, but also the inner freedom of every person, which no one can take away. The main component of civic poems is the condemnation of tyranny and any form of enslavement of a person, the glorification of inner, personal freedom, which manifests itself in a clear and principled moral position, self-esteem and a spotless conscience.

The theme of the poet and poetry

Along with civil, there are also religious motifs in Pushkin's lyrics. In moments of doubt and internal spiritual discord, the poet resorted to such images. It was the Christian component that seemed to bring him even closer to the worldview of the people. Poems dedicated to the theme of the poet and poetry are a kind of synthesis of the lyrics of philosophical and civil sound. What is the purpose of the poet and the meaning of the lyrics itself - these are the two main questions that initiate Pushkin's reflections on the problems of the place and role of the poet in society, the freedom of poetic creativity, his relationship with the authorities and his own conscience. The pinnacle of Pushkin's lyrics, dedicated to the theme of the poet and poetry, was the poem "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...". The work was written in 1836 and was not published during Pushkin's lifetime. The theme and individual plot motifs of Pushkin's poem originate from the famous ode of the ancient Roman poet Horace "To Melpomene". From there, Pushkin took the epigraph to his work: "Exegi monumentum" ("I erected a monument").

Message to future generations

The main motives of Pushkin's lyrics of those times are a message to the representatives of future generations. In terms of its content, the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...” is a kind of poetic testament that contains a self-assessment of the poet's work, his merits to society and descendants. The significance that his poetry will have for future generations, Pushkin symbolically correlates with the monument, which ascended above the “Pillar of Alexandria”. The Pillar of Alexandria is a monument to the ancient Roman commander Pompey in Egyptian Alexandria, but for the then reader it was previously associated with the monument to Emperor Alexander, erected in St. Petersburg in the form of a tall pillar.

Classification of the main motives of Pushkin's lyrics

The table below shows the main motives of Pushkin's lyrics very clearly:

Lyric genres	motive
Philosophy	The motive of freedom - both internal and civil
human relationships	The motive of love and friendship, devotion and the strength of earthly human bonds
Attitude towards nature	The motive of closeness with nature, its comparison with man and his inner world
	Religious motive, especially close to the reader of those times
	The motive is deeply philosophical, giving an answer to the question of the place of the poet and poetry in the world of literature as a whole.

This is only a general description of the main themes of the works of the great poet. Every single motif of Pushkin's lyrics cannot be contained in the table, the poetry of the genius is so multifaceted and comprehensive. Many literary critics admit that Pushkin is different for everyone, everyone discovers new and new facets of his work. The poet was counting on this, speaking in his notes about the desire to arouse a storm of emotions in the reader, to make him think, compare, experience and, most importantly, feel.