The image of the "eternal Sonechka" in F. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment"The image of the "eternal Sonechka" in the novel F
The image of Sonechka Marmeladova in the novel Crime and Punishment is for Dostoevsky the embodiment of the eternal humility and suffering of the female soul with its compassion for loved ones, love for people and boundless self-sacrifice. Meek and quiet Sonechka Marmeladova, weak, timid, unrequited, for the sake of saving her family and relatives from hunger, decides on a terrible act for a woman. We understand that her decision is an inevitable, inexorable result of the conditions in which she lives, but at the same time it is an example of active action in the name of saving the perishing. She has nothing but her body, and therefore the only possible way for her to save the little Marmeladovs from starvation is to engage in prostitution. Seventeen-year-old Sonya herself made a choice, she decided herself, she chose the path herself, feeling neither resentment nor evil towards Katerina Ivanovna, whose words were the last push that brought Sonechka to the panel. Therefore, her soul did not harden, did not hate the hostile world, the dirt of street life did not touch her soul. She is saved by infinite philanthropy. Sonechka's whole life is an eternal sacrifice, a selfless and endless sacrifice. But this for Sonya is the meaning of life, her happiness, her joy, she cannot live otherwise. Her love for people, like an eternal spring, feeds her tormented soul, gives her strength to follow the thorny path that is her whole life. She even thought about suicide to get rid of shame and torment. Raskolnikov also believed that “it would be more fair and reasonable to put your head in the water and do it all at once!” But suicide for Sonya would be too selfish, and she thought about "them" - hungry children, and therefore consciously and humbly accepted the fate prepared for her. Humility, humility, Christian all-forgiving love for people, self-denial - the main thing in Sonya's character.
Raskolnikov believes that Sonya's sacrifice is in vain, that she did not save anyone, but only "ruined" herself. But life refutes these words of Raskolnikov. It is to Sonya that Raskolnikov comes to confess his sin - the murder he committed. It is she who makes Raskolnikov confess to a crime, proving that the true meaning of life is in repentance and suffering. She believes that no one has the right to take the life of another: “And who made me a judge: who will live, who will die?” Raskolnikov's convictions horrify her, but she does not push him away from her. Great compassion makes her strive to convince, morally cleanse the ruined soul of Raskolnikov. Sonya saves Raskolnikov, her love resurrects him to life.
Love helped Sonya to understand that he was unhappy, that, with all his apparent pride, he needed help and support. Love helped to step over such an obstacle as a double murder in order to try to resurrect and save the killer. Sonya follows Raskolnikov to hard labor. Sonya's love and sacrifice cleanse her of a shameful and sad past. Sacrifice in love is an eternal trait characteristic of Russian women.
Sonya finds salvation for herself and for Raskolnikov in faith in God. Her faith in God is her last self-affirmation, giving her the opportunity to do good in the name of those to whom she sacrifices herself, her argument that her sacrifice will not be useless, that life will soon find its end in universal justice. Hence her inner strength and resilience, helping to go through the "circles of hell" of her bleak and tragic life. A lot can be said about Sony. She can be considered a heroine or an eternal martyr, but it is simply impossible not to admire her courage, her inner strength, her patience.
Love a man even in his sin, for this
already a semblance of divine love is the top
love on earth...
F. M. Dostoevsky
F. M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" shows the hero's path from crime to punishment through repentance, purification to resurrection. For as long as a person lives, good and evil, love and hatred, faith and godlessness will live in him. Each hero is not just a literary image, but the embodiment of some idea, the embodiment of certain principles.
So, Raskolnikov is obsessed with the idea that for the sake of the happiness of some people it is possible to destroy others, that is, the idea of establishing social justice by force. Luzhin embodies the idea of economic predation, professes the philosophy of acquisition. Sonya Marmeladova is the embodiment of Christian love and self-sacrifice.
“Sonechka Marmeladova, eternal Sonechka, while the world stands!” What melancholy, pain are heard in this bitter meditation of Raskolnikov! The winner in the novel is not the cunning and prudent Luzhin with his theory of “love yourself,” not Raskolnikov with the theory of permissiveness, but the little modest Sonya. The author leads us to the idea that permissiveness, selfishness, violence destroy a person from the inside and only faith, love and suffering purify.
Among poverty, wretchedness and depravity, Sonya's soul remained pure. And it seems that such people live to cleanse the world of dirt and lies. Wherever Sonya appears, a spark of hope for the best ignites in the soul of people.
Sonya herself is still a child: "very young, like a girl, with a modest and decent manner, with a clear ... but frightened face." But she took upon herself the care of her father, of Katerina Ivanovna and her children, of Raskolnikov. Sonya helps not only financially - she first of all tries to save their souls. The heroine does not condemn anyone, believes in the best in a person, lives according to the laws of love, is convinced that, having committed a crime, one must repent before oneself, before people, before one's land. Everyone needs Sonya. Raskolnikov needs Sonya. "I need you," he tells her. And Sonya follows him even to hard labor. It is significant that all the convicts loved her. “Mother, Sofya Semyonovna, you are our mother, tender, sick!” they told her. material from the site
"Eternal Sonya" is hope. Her Gospel under Raskolnikov's pillow is hope. Hope for goodness, love, faith, that people will understand: faith must be in the soul of every person.
"Eternal Sonya"... People like her "are destined to start a new kind of people and a new life, renew and purify the earth."
In our world it is impossible without such people. They give us faith and hope. They help the fallen and the lost. They save our souls, helping to escape from the "dirt" and "cold".
Sonya is “eternal”, because love, faith, beauty are eternal on our sinful earth.
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On this page, material on the topics:
- Eternal Sonya Marmeladova
- why dostoevsky talks about eternal sonechka
- why in crimes and punishment they call sonechka
- explain the meaning of the phrase Raskolnikov’s eternal sonechka while the world is standing in what connection he pronounces them
- essay reasoning on the novel crime and punishment eternal sonechka
The novel by F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" was written in 1866 on the basis of contemporary events as a "psychological report on one crime." The protagonist of this work is a former law student Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov. The title of the novel suggests that the center of the book is the psychological life and fate of this man.
Raskolnikov commits a crime by killing an old pawnbroker, and in the epilogue he is serving his sentence in hard labor. But an even greater punishment for him is separation from people, pangs of conscience and the consciousness of his failure as a great man.
The central idea of the novel is the idea of the resurrection of the soul, of its rebirth to a new life. If Sonya Marmeladova had not been next to Raskolnikov, he would not have been able to resurrect himself for a new life.
Sonya is conceived by the author not only as a double of the protagonist by fate (she also “crossed over”), but she also acts as the antipode of Raskolnikov in the truth that she follows in life. At the end of the novel, Sonya's truth becomes the hero's truth.
Before us is a psychological and ideological work in which each of the characters has a “special point of view on the world and on himself”, in the words of the literary critic M. M. Bakhtin. Each hero of Dostoevsky lives in accordance with his idea. Raskolnikov's idea is the right of a proud person to transform the world, to eliminate suffering in it. The idea of Sonia is in endless love for one's neighbor, in "insatiable compassion" and self-sacrifice, in faith in God, who "will not allow" more suffering than a person can endure.
Dostoevsky is convinced that a person has no right to demand happiness. Happiness is not given so easily, it must be earned by suffering.
The image of Sonechka carries the main idea of the novel. This heroine is the moral ideal of the author.
Consider why Sonechka is called "eternal" in Dostoevsky's work.
For the first time, we learn about this girl from the story of her father, Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov. After the "test" Raskolnikov leaves the apartment of his future victim "in decisive embarrassment." He realizes that the planned murder is "dirty, dirty, disgusting", and goes into the tavern. Here he listens to the story of the family of the former official Marmeladov. The native daughter of this drunken and downtrodden man was forced to go on a yellow ticket in order to save hungry children. Her stepmother Katerina Ivanovna, “generous, but unfair”, “hot, proud and adamant lady” pushed her to this. When once again the children began to cry from hunger, Katerina Ivanovna began to reproach Sonya for "parasite". The meek stepdaughter quietly asked: “Well, Katerina Ivanovna, can I really go for this?” A consumptive stepmother, “with agitated feelings”, “while crying children who have not eaten”, said “in a laugh”, “more for the sake of insult than in the exact sense”: “Well ... what to save? Eco treasure! It was then that the poor girl went out into the street for the first time, and after a while brought her stepmother 30 rubles as a sign that she had betrayed herself for the sake of her family.
Even then, listening to Marmeladov’s painful story about his daughter, Raskolnikov, who had not yet killed the old woman, but only plotting a terrible crime, decides that he will tell only Sonya about everything. Even then, he decides that the girl will understand him and will not leave him.
After visiting the beggarly corner of the Marmeladovs, the young man experiences conflicting feelings. On the one hand, he condemns poor people who have been reduced to extreme poverty: “Oh, Sonya! What a well, however, they managed to dig! And enjoy! That's because they use it! And got used to it. We cried and we got used to it. A scoundrel to everything - a person gets used to it! But on the other hand, he feels compassion for these humiliated and offended, who have "nowhere else to go." A desire to change the world arises in him, a desire to act, and he calls all his moral hesitation “prejudices”, “fear of feigned fears”: “... and there are no barriers, and this is how it should be!”
The day after meeting Marmeladov, Raskolnikov receives a letter from his mother. From it, he learns that his sister Dunya decides to marry a respectable, wealthy lawyer Luzhin. The young man realizes that his sister is sacrificing the failure for his well-being. In his reflections, the image of the “eternal Sonechka” arises as a symbol of self-sacrifice for the sake of loved ones: “Sonechka, Sonechka Marmeladova, eternal Sonechka, while the world stands!”
Creating the image of the "eternal Sonya", the author attaches great importance to the portrait of his heroine. For the first time, the appearance of this fragile girl appears in the confession of her father: "... she is unrequited, and her voice is so meek ... blond, her face is always pale, thin."
Three portrait details create gospel motifs and make us see the heroine as a prototype of the Mother of God. Firstly, it is the family's large green drapedam handkerchief, with which Sonya covered herself when she returned from the street. This is a symbolic detail. Green is the color of the Virgin. Dradedam - fine cloth. This word sounds like Notre Dam - the French name for the Virgin. Secondly, "burnusik" - "a cape and outerwear of various types, male and female, as if following the Arabic model." Such clothes were worn in the time of Christ. But the most important detail is psychological. When Marmeladov comes to his daughter to ask for money “for a hangover,” Sonya’s look is described in detail: “She didn’t say anything, she just looked at me silently ... So not on the ground, but there ... they yearn for people, cry, but don’t reproach, don’t reproach!” Sonya does not condemn her father for sin, she loves him endlessly and sympathizes with her lost father. Sonya's gaze is the gaze of the Mother of God, who looks at people from heaven and yearns for their soul.
For the first time, Raskolnikov sees Sonya at the bedside of his dying father. A girl in a “penny outfit”, but “decorated in a street style, according to the taste and rules that have developed in her own special world with a bright and shamefully outstanding goal.” Just before his death, Marmeladov realized how immeasurably guilty he was to his daughter when he saw her “humiliated, killed, dressed up and ashamed, humbly waiting for her turn to say goodbye to her dying father.” Just before his death, he asked for forgiveness from his daughter.
The portrait detail - "remarkably blue eyes" - emphasize Sonya's inner beauty.
If the first portrait conveys the abnormality, unnaturalness, ugliness of the girl’s existence, then the second portrait, given in the episode of her visit to Raskolnikov’s apartment, reveals the inner essence of the “eternal Sonechka”. The truth is revealed in Rodion Romanovich's reflections on the fate of the girl: “All this shame, obviously, touched her only mechanically; real debauchery has not yet penetrated a single drop into her heart. in the second portrait, the “childhood” of the heroine stands out. Before us is "a modestly and even poorly dressed girl, still very young, almost like a girl, with a modest and decent manner, with a clear, but somewhat intimidated face."
The central place in the novel is occupied by the episode of reading the Gospel. Sonya, at the request of Raskolnikov, reads to him about the resurrection of Lazarus. Conveying the excitement of a girl reading the most precious and intimate, the author reveals to the readers the main secret of her life - the hope for the resurrection. The young man failed to make Sonya his like-minded person. Fragile and small, Sonya turned out to be spiritually strong and resilient. In this scene, the author conveys the inner strength of his heroine with the help of portrait details: “her weak chest was all swaying with excitement”; “she suddenly cried out, looking at him severely and angrily”, “mild blue eyes that could sparkle with such fire, such a harsh energetic feeling”, “a small body that was still trembling with indignation and anger”.
Municipal educational institution gymnasium No. 59.
Ulyanovsk region, Ulyanovsk.
Literature grade 10.
"Sonechka...
Eternal Sonya!
prepared
Kashtankina Svetlana Nikolaevna,
teacher of Russian language and literature
the highest qualification category.
Ulyanovsk
Topic: "Sonechka ... Eternal Sonechka!"
Lesson Objectives:
Tutorials:
to determine what is the "truth" of Sonya Marmeladova;
trace how Raskolnikov's view of Sonechka's "crime" changes throughout the novel;
how is the discovery of Raskolnikov's Christian values through Sonechka's "truth";
comprehend the words of Dostoevsky, made in the epigraph of the lesson.
Developing:
the formation of students' communicative competence, the ability to critically analyze, systematize and evaluate information; find causal relationships; work with text
to develop the creative abilities of students and oral speech;
expand horizons.
Educators:
education of moral concepts (love, pity, compassion, faith);
improving the skills of individual and group work.
Tasks:
show what the writer sees as a source of renewal of life, how he solves the question of what to do in order to change the existing world order;
analyze the scenes in which the writer protests against the inhumanity of society;
educate tolerance towards different religions.
During the classes.
1. Introduction by the teacher.
It became customary to talk about Turgenev's women. But what elemental power of protest is endowed with the female images of F.M. Dostoevsky.
A large place in his novels is given to the female theme, since Fedor Mikhailovich believes that it is in a woman that a high moral force is contained that can change life for the better. All the sympathies of the writer are on the side of those heroines who were bent and broken by life, who defended their right and dignity. His heroines are rebellious, they have not come to terms with reality.
In the novel Crime and Punishment, female images help not only to more fully understand the main character Rodion Raskolnikov, but also help him to comprehend life in a new way.
2. Communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson.
Today our lesson will be devoted to Sonya Marmeladova, since it is she, according to F. Dostoevsky, who is almost the main character after Raskolnikov.
"Sonechka ... Eternal Sonechka!"
How do you understand this phrase?
(Eternal means always existing. These words contain a symbol. Eternal Sonechka is a symbol of human sacrifice and suffering.)
3. Work with an epigraph.
A woman ... if she is morally worthy,
Equal to all, equal to kings.
F.M. Dostoevsky.
What does F.M. Dostoevsky?
(F. Dostoevsky puts into the concept of morality the eternal Christian commandments that should guide a person through life.)
What does the expression "equal to kings" mean?
(The king is the ruler, which means “equal to kings” - having power.)
In the lesson we should find out: is Sonya Marmeladova morally worthy, what does she sacrifice and in whose name, “is she equal to kings”?
4. The idea of creating the image of Sonya Marmeladova.
Presentation by the group "Researchers".
1) The image of Sonya Marmeladova was not immediately determined. The earliest records mention only "the official's daughter", "she". F. Dostoevsky, obviously, at first intended to emphasize the professional features of this heroine: “He meets her hunter once. Scandal in the street She stole."
At the end of the same notebook are reflections on the nature of this image: “The daughter of an official in passing, a little bit more original to bring out. A simple and downtrodden creature. And better dirty and drunk with fish.
“Drunk with a fish” is obviously the image of a drunken, beaten prostitute, thrown out into the street and pounding salted fish on the stairs, an image that is drawn by the hero of Notes from the Underground.
2) But already in the next notebook, Sonya Marmeladova appears to readers the same as in the final text of the novel, the embodiment of the Christian idea: “She considers herself constantly a deep sinner, a fallen debauchee who cannot beg for salvation.” Life for Sonya is unthinkable without faith in God and the immortality of the soul: "What was I without God." Marmeladov also very vividly expressed this idea in rough sketches for the novel.
The idea f. Dostoevsky has changed regarding the dormouse, because “drunk with a fish” is a fallen woman who has fallen morally. He decided to show a woman illuminated by a halo of purity and even holiness. Trading her body, she earned money to feed the hungry children of Katerina Ivanovna. The contrast of her pure spiritual appearance and dirty profession, the terrible fate of the girl-child is a strong proof of the criminality of society.
5. Psychological portrait of Sonya Marmeladova.
Presentation by psychologists.
In the novels of F. Dostoevsky, every detail, every stroke, every proper name has its own meaning. In Dostoevsky, "even punctuation marks must be reckoned with."
1) Proper names reflect the personality of his characters.
Sonya Marmeladova.
Sophia - "wisdom", "listening to God", helping people.
The surname Marmeladov is opposed to the surname Raskolnikov. Marmalade is a sweet viscous mass that has the ability to link into a single whole. Sonya, as it were, glues the separate halves of Raskolnikov's soul into a single whole. The surname indicates the integrity of Sonya's nature.
2) We learn about the inner world of heroes not only from the description of their actions, feelings, experiences. Dostoevsky is a master of a psychological portrait, he reveals to us a portrait of a person, consisting of actions and thoughts hidden behind a face.
Sonya Marmeladova is a thin, fragile, timid girl, a small, blue-eyed creature with blond curly hair. She is all so bright, pure, gentle, submissive.
When Sonya gets angry, she looks like a little bird. But as soon as Raskolnikov dared to doubt the Lord, her eyes flashed with anger and that rapturous consciousness of the power of her own soul, led by God, woke up.
The phrase "sparkle with anger" F.M. Dostoevsky does not use it in vain, since only people who are obsessed with an idea, faith, can sparkle with anger in their eyes. How much passion in her face when they touch faith in God. This girl "with a modest decent manner", with a clear, but somewhat frightened face, has tremendous patience and moral strength.
Most of all, in Sonya's face, her eyes attract attention, clear, blue. Blue color symbolizes constancy, devotion, peace, truth. Clear eyes symbolize the purity of the soul. All these qualities are in Sonechka. She looks like a child at 18. And an important semantic line is connected with the image of children in the novel. It is in them that all the best that is in human nature is revealed. The portrait of Sonya emphasizes her childishness, defenselessness, fragility and great moral strength: "... a thin, pale and exhausted face."
“A girl of about 18, thin but rather pretty blonde, with wonderful blue eyes ... the expression on her face is kind and ingenuous, which involuntarily attracted her.”
6. The path of Sonya Marmeladova to the meeting with Rodion Raskolnikov.
Which way did Sonya go before meeting Raskolnikov?
Sofya Semyonovna Marmeladova is the daughter of an official, a man who has descended to the extreme, driven by poverty to the point that he "has nowhere else to go." Sonya did not receive upbringing and education. She tries to earn money by honest work, but this is not enough even for food. This modest girl is forced to sell her body for the survival of her family. She receives a "yellow ticket", so she cannot stay with her family. Sonechka is ashamed of her profession, considers herself a great sinner. He comes to Katerina Ivanovna and his father only at dusk. Lives in dire poverty in Kapernaumov's apartment. "God, God will not allow ..." - the only thing that serves this girl as a support and protection in life. But even at the very “day” of her life, Sonya retains moral purity, continues to live for the sake of her family.
7. Analytical conversation with selective reading of the text.
The path of Sonya Marmeladova after meeting with Raskolnikov.
Why exactly did Raskolnikov come to Sonya after committing a crime?
Raskolnikov is looking for an ally, a kindred spirit. And Sonya, in his opinion, also stepped over, ruined her life. He thinks she has nowhere else to go. Raskolnikov thought to see a man focused on his troubles, tormented, doomed, ready to seize on the slightest hope, but he saw something else that gave rise to a question.
What did Raskolnikov see? What struck him so?
This meeting awakens curiosity in him. Sonya looks at life differently, sees the good in people, pities them, tries to understand.
“Her pale cheeks flared up again, agony was expressed in her eyes. It was evident that an awful lot had been touched in her, that she was terribly longing to express something, to say something, to intercede. Some kind of insatiable suffering, so to speak, was depicted in all the features of her face.
What questions does Raskolnikov ask Sonya? What for?
Raskolnikov's questions drive Sonya into a frenzy. The whole conversation goes on an anguish, at the limit of human capabilities. Raskolnikov specially torments Sonya in order to test the depth of her "human patience", her stamina, the origins of which he does not understand.
What attracted Raskolnikov to Sonya?
Raskolnikov was attracted to Sonya by the power that allows her to live.
What is the source of this power?
In caring for other people's children and their unfortunate mother. Raskolnikov could not understand where Sonya got such strength and purity of spirit from such a terrible life. He is tormented by the question: why could she remain in this position for so long and not go crazy? All this seems strange to him. He saw the unusual, eccentricity of Sonya, who, according to his theory, belongs to the category of ordinary people.
“... Still, the question was for him: why could she remain in this position for so long and not go crazy if she was already unable to throw herself into the water? Of course, he understood that Sonya's position was an accidental phenomenon in society, although, unfortunately, it was far from being isolated and not exceptional ... "
“What kept her going? Isn't it debauchery? All this shame, obviously, touched her only mechanically; real debauchery has not yet penetrated a single drop into her heart; he saw it; she stood in front of him in reality ... "
“But is it really true,” he exclaimed to himself, “is it possible that this creature, which still retains the purity of its spirit, will finally consciously be drawn into this vile, stinking pit?...”
Raskolnikov continues to test Sonya, peers intently at her. “Holy fool! Holy fool!" he repeated to himself.
What did he mean by the concept of "holy fool"?
Holy fool means insane or pretending to be insane.
When Raskolnikov saw Sonya's meek blue eyes, sparkling with fire, and a small body trembling with indignation and anger, all this seemed impossible to him. A person who lived for the sake of others, forgetting about himself, seemed to be a holy fool in a world where evil and injustice was happening.
Why did Raskolnikov bow before this small, timid, frightened girl?
“I didn’t bow to you, I bowed to all human suffering,” he said somehow wildly and went to the window ... "
Raskolnikov bowed to Sonya the sufferer, the victim - all human suffering. He sat the disgraced, trampled, exiled girl next to her mother and sister, believing that he had done them honor.
Raskolnikov believes that Sonya sacrifices herself to some kind of insatiable suffering and is always “hungry deity”. “Eternal Sonya”, while the world stands, is a victim whose horror is all the more bottomless because it is meaningless, not needed, does not change anything, does not correct. Sonya Raskolnikov understands as a symbol of eternal sacrifice. Sonya ruined herself, but did she save anyone?
8. Drawing up a basic outline-outline "Sonya Marmeladova".
Do you agree with Raskolnikov that Sonya killed herself, but did not save anyone?
“The sun must first of all be the sun…”
Sonya.
Marmeladov Raskolnikov
convicts
Katerina Ivanovna
Porfiry Petrovich, during a conversation with Raskolnikov, advises him: "Become the sun, everyone will see you." The sun must first of all be a sun, that is, not only to shine, but also to warm. Such a sun is Sonya Marmeladova, she warms the souls of people with her warm light. Although, at first glance, it seems to be far from this moral height, its place is at the foot, on the panel. Sonya not only radiates kindness and compassion, she helps those who suffer. Sonya's stepmother, Katerina Ivanovna, dooms her to live on a "yellow" ticket. But after committing the sin, “Katerina Ivanovna ... went to Sonya’s bed and stood at her feet on her knees all evening, kissed her legs, didn’t want to get up ...” whom in a difficult moment of life they nevertheless helped, Katerina Ivanovna thanked her stepdaughter. Even a moment before her death, she sincerely felt sorry for her: “We sucked you, Sonya ...”
Sonya's sacrifice penetrates the father's soul with warmth. She penetrates his conscience, showing infinite compassion, giving him her last "sinful" pennies for his obscene drinking at the inn. After the death of her father and the death of her stepmother, Sonya takes care of the children. Not only the children are grateful to her, but also the people around her, to whom such an act seems truly Christian, and even the fall into sin in this case seems holy.
The sun's rays of Sonya's soul saved and helped Raskolnikov to be reborn.
9. Analysis of the episode "Reading the Gospel by Sonya" by 1 group of analysts.
What would I be without God?
God, God will not allow such a horror! ..
These words reveal the whole spiritual essence of Sonya. The gospel story about the resurrection of Lazarus expresses the essence of her personality, her secret.
It was hard for Sonya to betray and expose all of her own, she did not want to reveal the secret of her soul - this is the only thing she had left.
Sonya read at first quietly and shyly, and then with passion and strength she confessed her conviction in the words of John.
“Sonya opened the book and found a place. Her hands were trembling, her voice was lacking. She started twice, and still the first syllable was not pronounced ... "
“She was already trembling all over in a real, real fever ... Her voice became a bell, like metal, triumph and joy sounded in it and strengthened it.”
“... she read loudly and enthusiastically, trembling and turning cold, as if she herself saw with her own eyes ...”
Teacher's question.
Why did Sonya read the parable of the resurrection of Lazarus with such excitement and trembling?
Sonya believes in something that seems completely impossible to a limited rational look - she believes in a miracle. Faith in the resurrection of Lazarus, Sonya believes in man. Subsequently, she will believe in the resurrection of Raskolnikov. She believes that one cannot live without faith, one cannot go further through doubt to repentance, to love. The gospel parable is refracted in the fate of Sonya and Raskolnikov.
10. Analysis of the episode "Raskolnikov's confession of a committed crime" by the 2nd group of analysts.
The more Raskolnikov gets to know Sonya, the more he is surprised at the patience and almost meekness with which she endures all the hardships of life, without even trying to defend herself. After a humiliating and terrible scene (Luzhin's attempt to accuse her of stealing), Raskolnikov asks her a question: “... Should Luzhin live and do abominations, or should Katerina Ivanovna die? How would you decide: which of them will die? .. "
Sonya answers Raskolnikov’s question: “But I can’t know God’s providence ... And why are you asking, what shouldn’t be asked? Why such empty questions? How can it happen that it depends on my decision? And who put me here as a judge: who will live, who will not live?
Sonya is not able to solve such issues, she trusts only in God: he alone can dispose of people's lives, he alone knows the highest justice. Sonya bows before the great meaning of being, sometimes inaccessible to her mind. She simply strives for life, affirms its positive meaning.
Teacher's question.
Why does Sonya Raskolnikov confess to the murder?
Raskolnikov is unhappy, exhausted, he goes with his confessions to Sonya with the desire to "bow to all human suffering." As he himself says on the eve of his confession: “It was necessary to catch on at least something, to slow down, to look at the person.” He saw exactly the Man in the Dream. Each of them has their own truth, their own way. Both of them have transgressed the norms of morality of the society in which they live.
Yu. Koryakin argues that Sony's truth does not just win, but that Raskolnikov's iron logic turns out to be broken by Sony's elementary logic. But for a person obsessed with the desire to be right at all costs, one of the most humiliating states is when all the cunning syllogisms are broken by the elementary logic of life.
The only possible, natural, from Sonya's point of view, explanation of the motives for the murder is as follows:
You were hungry! You ... to help your mother? Yes?
Raskolnikov puts up various explanations. But all the arguments of reason, which before seemed so obvious to him, fall away one by one. If before he believed in his theory, now before Sonya, before her truth, all his "arithmetic" falls apart. In the words of Sonya there is no logic, no calculation, no even convincing arguments. Sonya counters Raskolnikov's theory with one simple argument, with which he is forced to agree.
What feelings does Sonya experience after Raskolnikov's confession?
The criminal inspires in sleep not disgust, not horror, but compassion. Sonya uses the word "unfortunate". She exclaims: "No, you are not more unhappy than anyone now in the whole world! .." More unhappy, but not angrier, more criminal, more disgusting. She passionately, painfully sympathizes with Raskolnikov and understands how he suffers. Sonya holds out the cross to the killer with the words: “Together we will go to suffer, together we will bear the cross! ..” Raskolnikov understands that now Sonya is with him forever.
Why does Sony's truth win?
The basis of Sony's truth is love. Alienated from people, having abandoned even those closest to him, Raskolnikov felt that he needed love, that Sonya was right, saying: “Well, how can one live without a person!” Sonya helped Raskolnikov find a person in himself, resurrected his spirit. Therefore, Raskolnikov spiritually resurrects not as a result of renunciation of his idea, but through suffering, faith, love. Through the fate of Sonya, he is aware of all human suffering and worships him.
11. Dealing with criticism.
G.M. Bridlener notes that Raskolnikov, who loved him with the love of both her beloved and sister Sonya, leads “to moral revival” through a confession.
Can you agree that Sonya loves Raskolnikov with the love of "beloved and sister"?
Love in Dostoevsky acts as the main factor of Christian morality, and it must be understood in the Christian sense, for it is said in the Gospel: “Love endures for a long time, is merciful, covers everything, believes everything, hopes everything, endures everything.”
Sonya does not leave Raskolnikov even in Siberia. Now Sonya's religious beliefs have become Raskolnikov's. The suffering they endured opened the way to happiness, they were resurrected by love. It is love for a particular person that leads the heroes to spiritual resurrection, “living life”. Therefore, we can agree with Bridlener's idea that Sonya fell in love with Raskolnikov with the love of her sister in the Christian sense and her beloved.
Teacher: It is very important that Raskolnikov fell in love with Sonya. On the one hand, she is a victim of the godless world order, and on the other hand, she carries the idea of Orthodox Christianity. Raskolnikov's love carries not an earthly, but a spiritual feeling, which leads to a complete change in his life. The divine principle, love and moral consciousness won. So, with full confidence we can say that Sonya also saved Raskolnikov.
Why did the convicts, these sometimes cruel, broken people, fall in love with Sonya so much?
They felt in this fragile girl great moral strength, kindness, selflessness, purity and power of the soul.
“And when she appeared at work, coming to Raskolnikov, or met with a party of prisoners going to work, everyone took off their hats, everyone bowed: “Mother, Sofya Semyonovna, you are our mother, tender, sick!” - these rude branded convicts said to this small and thin creature ... ”Convicts also enter Sonya's solar circle.
Conclusion.
According to Dostoevsky, the conscious self-sacrifice of oneself for the benefit of all is a sign of the greatest development of the personality, the highest power of the soul. Sonya did not change society, evil still exists, but nevertheless she made her contribution, saving Katerina Ivanovna, her children, Raskolnikov. And I want to believe that there are people who are capable of compassion, who can lend a helping hand to those in need. Sonya is the personification of kindness, self-sacrifice, meekness and forgiveness. Her image embodies one of the main ideas of Dostoevsky's work: the path to happiness and the moral rebirth of a person passes through suffering, Christian humility, faith in "God's providence." The sun's rays of Sonya's soul saved and helped the people around her to be reborn. She not only radiated kindness and compassion, but also really helped the unfortunate and destitute.
personality). Raskolnikov to hard labor.
5. Fairness, honesty. It manifests itself in all actions.
6. Faith in "God's providence" and people. Believes in the resurrection of Lazarus, Raskolnikov,
fallen convicts.
7. Moral fortitude and strength. Did not sink morally, going out on
panel for the family.
8. Love. Brotherly love for people (Liza, convicts)
The love of a beloved and a sister for Raskolnikov.
9. Power of the soul. Faith, love and understanding of people.
Sony road- Christian humility
eternal peace, eternal rest.
Sony Mission to rid the world of evil.
Those in power = kings.
Is Sonya morally worthy?
Can we say that Sonya is equal to kings?
We can argue that Sonya is the ruler of the world, as she seeks to rid the world of evil, of pain, healing the souls of people. Her faith, hope, love help not only her to live, but also her family, and Raskolnikov.
13. Reflection.
Student presentation.
Sonya Marmeladova has a beautiful and pure soul. She is forced to sell her body in order to help Katerina Ivanovna and her children, but her soul still remains immaculate. I envy Raskolnikov because next to him is a girl who sacrificed part of her life to save him. Sonya is an extraordinary person. It is easier for her to take suffering upon herself than to see the pain of others. F.I. Tyutchev has a poem that, in my opinion, reflects the inner essence of Sonya.
Whatever life teaches us
But the heart believes in miracles
There is an unrelenting strength
There is also imperishable beauty.
And the withering of the earth
Flowers will not touch the unearthly,
And from the midday heat
The dew will not dry on them.
And this faith will not deceive
The one who only lives by it,
Not everything that bloomed here will wither,
Not everything that was here will pass.
But this faith is for the few
Grace is available only to those
Who is in the temptations of strict life,
How could you, loving to suffer.
Aliens heal ailments
He knew how to suffer,
Who laid down his soul for others
And endured everything to the end.
The opera of the same name by Eduard Artemiev based on the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". (Sony's part.)
Used Books.
1. Lesson developments in literature. Grade 10, Moscow "Vako", 2003
2. Belov S.V. Heroes of Dostoevsky. - "Neva", 1983, No. 11, p195-200
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