First of all, remember the rule:

In suffixes of full passive participles, two letters H are written, for example, CUT TREES. In the suffixes of short passive participles, one letter H is written, for example, TREES HAVE BEEN CUT.

But since full passive participles are sometimes very similar to adjectives, to avoid mistakes, it is useful to remember four conditions under which two letters H are written:

1) the sacrament has a prefix (except NOT-), for example, YOU-DRIED MUSHROOMS;

2) the participle was formed from the verb of the perfect form, for example, SOLVED PROBLEM - from the verb DECIDE (what to do? - perfect form);

3) the participle has dependent words, for example, DRIED (where?) MUSHROOMS IN THE OVEN;

4) The participle is formed from the verb using the suffixes -OVA- or -EVA-, for example, WAVE-OVA-NNOE FACE.

If a word does not have any of these features, then it is spelled with one N.

In addition, there are several words with two letters H, the spelling of which must be learned in the same way as we memorize the exception words: UNSEEN, UNHEARD, UNEXPECTED, UNGUESSED, UNINTENDED, DESIRED, PRECIOUS, SACRED, SMOOTH.

Reasoning patterns.

(1) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase LAUNCHING GARDEN? First of all, you need to see if the sacrament has a prefix. In our case, there is a prefix, which means that you need to write this word with two N: FOR-LEASED GARDEN.

(2) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase BROKEN LOOK?
First of all, we look to see if the sacrament has a prefix. In our example, the participle does not have a prefix, therefore, the next step is to determine the type of verb from which this participle was formed. BROCHE_NY was formed from the verb TO THROW (what to do?) This verb is perfective, which means that in the participle you need to write two letters H: LOOKING OUT.

(3) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase OVEN Roast FISH? The participle in this phrase has dependent words: HEAT (where?) IN THE OVEN. Therefore, in the sacrament it is necessary to write two letters H: FISH ROASTED IN THE OVEN.

(4) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase ASPHALT HIGHWAY? Since this participle has the suffix -OVA-, two letters H must be written in it: ASPHALTIR-OVA-NNOE HIGHWAY.

(5) How many N should be written in the word WEAVING from the phrase WEAVING BASKET? Since it has no prefix, no dependent words, no suffixes -OVA- or -EVA-, and also because it was formed from the verb of the imperfect form WEAVING (what to do?), you need to write one letter H: WITTED BASKET.

AN EXERCISE

“How can I not love him?” she said to herself, delving into his frightened and at the same time delighted look.

Levin immediately thought of this, but, in spite of this, he decided that Sviazhsky’s views of him were only his baseless assumption ...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

Well, an uninvited guest,
Perhaps the father will come in! I ask you to serve the young lady in love_n oh!

Scarlet ribbons were woven into her
In two blond braids,
Flowers, outfits brought
Unseen beauty.

Who wants to welcome us, if you please;
The door is open for the called and the uninvited...
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

Parsley, you are always with a new thing,
With a torn elbow.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

... Information was requested from the hostile ministry about the measures that have been applied in the last decade ...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

And that consumptive, relative to you, enemy of books,
In the academic committee that settled ...
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

And then she thinks -
God knows why
That the starry sky is sand
Sprinkled leaf,
Constantly day and night on the road
A wonderfully well-coordinated carriage ...
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian Women")

Levin always came to Moscow agitated, hurried, a little embarrassed and irritated by this embarrassment, and for the most part with a completely new, unexpected outlook on things.
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

No, in this cut down forest
I won't be lured
Where there were oaks to heaven
And now the stumps are sticking out!
(Nekrasov, "Russian Women")

He drove to the fortress ballet on many wagons
From mothers, fathers of rejected children?!
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

Stepan Arkadyevitch had already gone downstairs, undressed, washed himself again, put on his frilled nightgown, and lay down...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

You will come to Nerchinsk if you
The road won't kill you.
Hardly four miles an hour
Zakova_n is coming;
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian Women")

With a face mutilated with passion, pale and with a trembling lower jaw, Vronsky hit her in the stomach with his heel and again began pulling on the reins...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

Darya Alexandrovna's eyes widened at this elegant, unseen carriage...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

Finally married his daughter
I took it - shish, in the service - nothing.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

She remembered how she almost told a confession that her husband's young subordinate had made to her in Petersburg...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

Towards dinner they arrived: an old cousin of Alexei Alexandrovich ... ... and one young man recommended to Alexei Alexandrovich for the service.
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

To the pen from the cards? and to the cards from the pen?
And the appointed hour for the ebb and flow?
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

I'm running, I won't look back, I'll go looking around the world,
Where there is a corner for offended feeling! ..
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

Stepan Arkadyevitch ... in this playful courtship ... and accidentally went so far that he no longer knew how to get back ...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

What is the politest name for such people?
Tenderer? - he is a man of the world,
Notorious swindler, rogue:
Anton Antonych Zagoretsky.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

For the fact that he softened the angry guest,
I wanted to compliment.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

You sit for an hour
Unoppressed, peppy mind
Working meanwhile...
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian Women")

First you need to understand what form is an adjective:

Then you need to find out what part of speech the word is formed from noun or from verb.

Tasks and tests on the topic "Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives and participles"

• Spelling participles - Communion Grade 7

  Lessons: 3 Assignments: 12 Tests: 1

• Spelling participles, participial turnover

  Lessons: 4 Assignments: 11 Tests: 2

• Spelling of adjectives - Adjective 6th grade

  Lessons: 5 Assignments: 10 Tests: 1

• adjective as a part of speech - Morphology. Independent parts of speech Grade 10

One of the specific features of the Russian language lessons is the large amount of work that needs to be done to acquire the appropriate skills and abilities, as well as the nature of this work: painstaking exercises, rewriting didactic material from a textbook or another educational book while performing any tasks. Improving the methods of teaching the Russian language using a computer as a technical means of learning allows intensifying the learning process: increasing the pace of the lesson, increasing the proportion of students' independent work. Especially effective is the use of a computer for training and monitoring the assimilation of knowledge and skills of students. But how do I use computers in my Russian lessons?! As an example, I want to describe a lesson given in the 7th grade on the topic “N and NN in participles and adjectives”. This lesson was conducted as a test lesson using a computer. The work went like this. I first explained the spelling conditions in the traditional way n, n in participles and adjectives. Then I moved on to the basic abstract on this topic. Since we met with this topic earlier, one of the students of the class told the supporting summary. There were punched cards on the desk in front of each student. During the lesson, the student had to do the work both on a punched card and on a computer. An expert group was created to monitor the results of the students' work, so one teacher will not be able to cope with this. The results were recorded in the scoreboard. As a result, the student had two or three marks: for the oral answer (if he answered), for the punched card, for the computer. Each program on the computer consists of three autonomous blocks: teaching, training and controlling. Any of these blocks can be used as an independent pedagogical software tool and organically soak into the outline of a traditional lesson by selecting the menu offered on the monitor screen before starting work.

Lesson Objectives

1. Equipping schoolchildren with technology to achieve high literacy in writing the words s-n- and -nn-
2. Summarize and systematize the knowledge gained in the study of this topic.
3. Education of the cultural skill of working with various types of reference manuals as the basis for further independent activity in the senior classes.

During the classes

First stage. Org. Moment: teacher's opening remarks.

Second phase. Repetition of the past: a presentation with the rules, a frontal survey can be conducted in the form of a forum.

Forum questions:

When it is written in adjectives nn ?

Name the exceptions to these rules.

How to distinguish verbal adjectives with a suffix -n- from communion with -nn- ?

What exceptions in the spelling of verbal adjectives do you know?

How to spell suffixes n and nn in short forms of adjectives and participles?

How n written in adverbs and nouns formed from adjectives and participles?

Third stage. Work with the basic abstract prepared in word.

Fourth stage. Application of received theoretical titles in practice.

Express dictation (in the 1st column, write down the numbers of words with n , in the 2nd - with nn ).

Stir nn th paints

bestse nn th thing

vykrashe nn th shops

Glade Illuminated n a

weaving n th pattern

Tourists accommodation n s

Commission formed n a

Rumya n th faces

Swee n hams

Nekrashe n th fabric

Pisa n oh beauty

Ispis notebook n a

Leather n portfolio

wind n th day

wind n oh engine

no wind nn th day

Scattering nn th boy

Nechaya nn th error

The work of the emergency group: 18 points - 5, 17-16 points - 4, 15-14 points - 3.

Fifth stage. Spelling algorithm -n- and -in- in adjectives and participles.

Form adjectives from nouns and verbs according to the model:

leather- skin n th: sand, rye;

drum- drum n th: abuse, hurricane, pocket, fog, spring, manna, early;

clay- clay yang th: birch bark, water, tin, resin, wool, peat;

to knit- elm n th: tear, call, confuse, hew, forge, chew, cut, wash;

play around- Valya n th: winnow, solder, sow, shoot.

explain the spelling graphically n and in in words:

coche n th meadow - nekoshe n oh, sloppy nn oy and koshe nn dewy meadow;

brighter nn th fence - painted - not painted for a long time - unpainted;

netka n th tablecloth - fabric nn golden - weave nn ah - not so much nn and I;

wound n th warrior - wound nn th in battle - light wounded n th - early n s plow;

burn n th sugar - half burnt nn th manuscript - burn out nn oh desert.

conduct a selective dictation with an explanation. Write the words in two columns n and nn.

Old Mazai loves his lowland land until old age (N. Nerkasov). 2) The road lay through a former rye field. H) Spring has entered the earth with a solemn march. 4) I was drawn to the stone buildings, where there was a smell of machine oil. 5) An early harsh winter dawn appeared through a deadly haze (A. Fadeev). b) Neither a sledge, nor an animal track was visible. 7) The sound of horse hooves was heard: a black horse was being taken out of the stable. 8) The village is surrounded by an earthen rampart (L. Tolstoy). 9) Nastya was as windy as her young lady (A. Pushkin). 10) The night was calm.

Compose and write down a dictation of the exception words for all cases of this topic.

Write off, form from these words using suffixes -awn-, - ny-, -any- nouns, mark spellings.

Insert missing letters, find words with suffixes, highlight suffixes.

Kame_y, svin_oy, rya_y, frosty, autumn_y, long, y_y, weighty, ra_y, so_y, template_y, beto_y, oblique, pr_y, ruddy_y, tribal_y, guest, revolutionary, voro_y, poga_y.

Explain the difference in spelling of single-root words.

All my friends are educated nn s. Commissions already formed n s.

The faces of the soldiers are stern and preoccupied nn s. We were more concerned n s offset.

The fees were organized nn about. organizing n o good food.

The wool is all tangled n but a kitten. This story is confusing n and is unclear.

The sea is agitated n about the storm. spoke excitedly nn oh hot.

There are about 5 such tasks per student. Students must correctly put or not n into participles and adjectives. The computer, as it were, along with the student, goes through the path of mastering the skills and abilities of correct writing. He encourages students to work together. "Wonderful! Correct answer,” the computer says when the answer is correct. And to the wrong answer, he “reacts” with a sound signal and the word “Error!” blinks. If the student made a mistake, then after a specified time, the computer displays on the screen the correct record of the phrase in which the mistake was made. At the end of the work, an assessment is given on a 5-point system. The rating scale corresponds to the standards accepted in pedagogical practice. When working on a computer, the student has to be attentive and constantly analyze using certain mental operations. Since there are not enough computers for each student, my students work in turns at such lessons. Some of the guys work on computers, some make punched cards, then they change. They exchange punched cards, mark each other, which are entered by the expert group on the scoreboard. The scoreboard surrenders to me, and on its basis I put marks in the journal. As I said, in my lessons I use punched cards. I make them reusable. They are inside a thin plastic film. Students work on film. During the next job, the previous jobs are simply erased.

Sixth stage. Monitoring the assimilation of the material covered.

Control cards

Task 1. Write down the short forms of the adjective next to the full form.

Sample: ruddy - rouge child, rouge girl, ruddy child.

Incomparable, united, valuable, revolutionary, deserted, modern.

Words with the adjectives from which they are formed.

Sample: Maslenitsa - buttered (pancake).

Ease, frantically, unceremoniousness, vital, power of attorney, hotel, windy, larch, pickpocket, customs officer, relative.

Task 1. Insert n and nn , select suffixes.

Telephone conversation, table tennis, earthen mound, crane cry, hurricane warning, unreasonable lateness, skillful speaker, artificial diamond, seasonal work, target area, silver thread, wooden salt shaker.

Task 2. Form from these adjectives their short form in the feminine gender.

Unexpected, sacred, windy, deserted, long, ruddy, young, skillful, wounded, educated, artificial.

Task 1. Replace these phrases with synonymous expressions, highlight suffixes.

Sample: time of revolution - revolutionary time.

Division commander, excursion bus, triangle with equal sides, battalion commissar, excitement of discussion, punctuation mark, collection according to tradition, day with the wind, information institute.

Task 2. Explain the spelling n and nn according to the sample.

Sample: smoked - smoked.

Intelligence, pupil, ingenuity, carnival, chosen one, nebula, confusion, confusion, craftsman, youth.

Task 1. Turn participles into adjectives.

Sample: fish baked in ashes - baked fish, gilded ring - gilded ring.

Sauerkraut in a barrel, a whitewashed ceiling, melted butter, a barge laden with timber, a paved street, a warrior wounded in the hand, hair that has not been dyed for a long time, an unsown field, bushes planted by children.

Task 2. Form adverbs from these words using the suffix -o-

Furious, presumptuous, solemn, oily, windy, exuberant, nameless, windless, organized, thoughtful, unheard of.

Task 1. Form a short form, highlight the spelling.

Tangled hair, loose beads, recolored stockings, artwork, multiple lights, cropped hair, given words, young beings, educated youths, concentrated faces.

Task 2. Turn adjectives into passive participles by adding either a dependent word or a prefix.

Soaked apples, a wounded bird, a quilted jacket, dyed hair, salted fish, unshorn children, burnt coal, unfed cattle.

Task 1. Insert n or nn explaining your choice.

Beautiful in blue, seated under the icon of a guest, seated father,

The bride's gift, the streets are empty, the commander's gift, swine carcasses, the movements of the kingdom, hair that has not been beautiful for a long time, smart children.

Task 2. Write down all the exceptions on the topic “ H and HH in adjectives."

Task 1. Form short participles and adverbs from these verbs, make phrases and write them down.

Sample: confuse - wool is tangled, talking confusingly.

Organize, focus, revitalize, deserve, strain, inspire, excite, disperse, excite, condemn.

Task 2 Underline the words with the suffix –onn-.

Seasonal, radiation, bottomless, compositional, revolutionary, bouillon, legal, sleepless, restless, commission, inclined, template, inertial, wagon, concrete, reactionary, operational.

Task 1. Explain the spelling of the following words (show graphically).

Mowed meadow - unmowed meadow

Painted product - not painted fence for a long time

Craftsman's woven basket - the basket is not woven

Bought bread - wounded soldier

This example is a woven pattern

Half-burnt manuscript - half-dried fish

Frozen meat - unfrozen berry

Task 2. Write down the exception words on the topic “ H and HH in participles and verbal adjectives.

Task 1. Form adjectives from nouns and verbs given in brackets, write down phrases with them, explain graphically n or nn.

(Discussion) question, (wind) young man, (no wind) weather, (car) master, (inspiration) music, (gasify) district, (bee) wax, (make) fright, (weave) carpet, (seeds) fund, (eagle) glance, (sparrow) tweet, (division) medical battalion, (do not wait) visit.

Task 2. Explain the spelling n or nn.

Decisions are considered (correct) - all moves are considered

Looks are directed into the distance - movements are directed (decisive)

Papers sent to court - move directionally

Task 1. Form participles and adjectives from verbs.

Sample: whitewash - bleached, not whitewashed walls for a long time.

Ferment, mow, pave, melt, cool, drown, teach.

Task 2. Explain the spelling according to the model: a scarf woven with gold (there is a dependent word).

Hidden ice cream, tangled case, tangled story, young chess player, tangled story, unsolved problem, non-woven material, gilded thread, unsolved mystery, layer cake, boiled water.

Task 1. Insert the missing letters, distribute in two columns with n and nn.

Embarrassed young osha, mad dog, skilled worker, forged grating, work done, crane cry, eye frames, smart kid, unplowed fields, sun-dried mushrooms, wind engine, windless weather, wounded finger, wished day.

Task 2. Next to full participles and adjectives, write short ones.

Baked fish -

sown field -

Holy oath -

Desired holidays -

Slow movements

Wind-scattered clouds

Focused faces -

Tested friends -

Task 1. Write off, inserting letters, explaining spelling.

The faces of the sailors are worried and serious; sauerkraut; we are limited in time; went out organized_o; concern about the patient's condition; sour_s in a barrel; behave with restraint; adolescents are unbalanced and quick-tempered; imbalance and incontinence; unbaked bread; bride_about dowry_e; baked pumpkin.

Task 2. Compose and write down sentences or phrases with the words:

Brought up - educated, isolated - isolated, soldered - epayannm, scattered - scattered, restrained - restrained.

Control vocabulary dictation

Green forest, oil engine, butter pancake, tin soldier, windy day, burnt sugar, unexpected success, spoiled child, pig's tail, chewed-chewed leaf, shod horse, unexpected success, come unexpectedly, unexpected dawn, unheard news, slow move, bride's dowry, non-woven tablecloth, smart kid, half-dried fish, long-awaited visit, leather coat, freshly painted fence, gullible beast, windmill, incessant rain, burnt letter, broken line, boiled water, valuable remark, artificial honey, baked apple, half-eaten cows, hail-cut fields, named brother wounded in the chest, a strange case, a virgin harvest, a true story, a millionth inhabitant, true values, felted shoes, a shot sparrow, true truth, children are absent-minded and inattentive, the clouds are dispersed, it smells of spicy saffron, ruddy birthday girl, sagebrush thickets, desperate young man, wildly beating heart, state customs officers, chased step, torn wound.

Seventh stage. Summing up by the expert group, scoring in the scoreboard.

Eighth stage. Homework.

But I want to note that working with a computer in the teaching of the Russian language should be considered as an addition to traditional methods and methods of teaching. He cannot completely replace the teacher. After all, the teacher remains the leading role of the “director” of the lesson and the entire learning process, and the computer is only an assistant, a methodological tool along with other teaching aids.

Participle and adjective. There is so much in common between these two parts of speech that it is often difficult to distinguish which is which. But the correct spelling depends on the correct definition. This also applies to the rules governing the use of H and HH in adjectives and participles.

Communion: one or two

The participle is a verb form that contains both verbal features and adjective features. When thinking about how many letters H to use in writing participles, keep in mind that in this part of speech there are always two H.

However, there is a special group - verbal participles. Н and НН and the subtleties of their spelling in these parts of speech will be considered in detail below, but for now we will give examples of the basic rule. In full passive participles with suffixes -nn- and -enn- two letters H are always written, provided:

1. The sacrament has a prefix, for example: a plowed field, stewed vegetables, fried fish.
2. The presence of the sacrament of words dependent on it: fish dried on the balcony, apples soaked in a barrel, a field plowed in the morning.
3. This is a perfect participle: a purchased cloak, a solved equation, a captive warrior.
4. A verb with a suffix participated in the formation of the participle -ova-(-eva-, -irova-): paved road (pave), explored area (explore).

If at least one of these conditions is met, you can safely use two letters N.

One H in adjectives

The situation is much more complicated with adjectives. Here the spelling of one N or two depends on many factors.

Consider cases where one H is needed:

1. If the adjective has suffixes -in-, -an-(-yan-). The first, as a rule, refers to an animal (eagle's beak, cock's tail, swan fidelity). The second indicates what the object is made of: a leather belt, oil paint (oil-based paint, should be distinguished from the word oiled in the meaning of oil-soaked - buttered pancake), silver spoon (also to be distinguished from the word silver, with an emphasis on e - the meaning of y the word "treated with silver", the word in this sense has the suffix -en-). This item has three words that are exceptions: glass, tin, wood.
2. In adjectives in the formation of which no part of speech (primitives) participated: blue, young. These adjectives have no suffix.
3. Exclusion word - adjective windy, here you need to write one H, but its derivatives with prefixes will have HH: the weather was calm, we approached from the leeward side. It is also worth distinguishing a word with a different lexical meaning: windmill (working on the basis of wind) - wind turbine, chicken pox.

NN in adjectives

HH should be written with adjectives in the following cases:

1. The letters stand at the junction of the root and the suffix: depth - deep; fog - foggy; million - millionth.
2. The adjective is formed using suffixes -enn-, -onn-: operational (from operation), station (station), intentional (intention).
3. ending in -ovanny (-evanny): spoiled, painted, organized.

verbal adjective

There is a whole group of adjectives - verbal. It is with their distinction in the text that mistakes are made, the rule H and HH in participles is incorrectly applied. Why? The fact is that they have a very pronounced meaning of action: fried, steamed, boiled. The rule "spelling H and HH in participles" does not fit them. In verbal forms of an adjective, one N is always used.

Such adjectives have a number of specific features, by which one can easily guess that we have this particular part of speech:

1. Lack of attachment. Compare: painted - painted. The second word has a prefix, so the rule “H and HH in participles” applies to it - HH should be used. But the first is a verbal adjective, which must be written with one N.
2. Absence of dependent words. Let's compare: a confused trace is a trace confused with special care. In the first case, we observe a verbal adjective in which we write one H (there are no dependent words). They are in the second case - we write, according to the rule "H and HH in participles", with two H.

Verbal adjective or participle: algorithm

You can determine the spelling H and HH in adjectives and participles using an algorithm, the main thing in which is to correctly recognize the part of speech. It must be remembered that the participle requires the setting of two N, and one in the verbal adjective. Let's look at two examples.

• First: Boiled water is poured into the decanter . To begin with, let's determine the presence of a prefix: the verb "boil" is used in the formation of the word, respectively, the prefix is ​​absent. Next, let's see if there are dependent words. They are not here. If these two points do not match, then most likely we have a verbal adjective. The only thing left to do is to check what kind of verb the word is formed from. Boil (what to do? - imperfect view). This means that the rule “spelling H and HH in participles” does not work here. This is an adjective - we write one letter N.
• Second: Freshly boiled water is poured into the decanter . We look at the presence of the prefix: boiled, formed from the verb "boil" using the prefix -Sun-. Although we could stop there, apply the rule “Н and НН in participles” and write two Н, we will check further. At the word « boiled” is a dependent word - “recently”, which means that we clearly have a sacrament.

So, briefly, the algorithm for using H and HH in participle suffixes boils down to the following: we determine whether the word has prefixes or dependent words. If there is, this is a participle, where NN is written. If neither one nor the other is present, we check the type of the verb that participated in the formation of the word: imperfect - one N, perfect - NN.

Spelling Н and НН in short adjectives and participles

Another aspect of the rule regarding the use of Н or НН in participles and adjectives is their short forms.

The short form of the adjective answers the questions “what? », “what? » In this form, as many letters H are required as used and in full form: a solemn speech - the speech is solemn, a long way - the way is long, mysterious nature - nature is mysterious or a wounded fighter - a fighter is wounded, windy weather - the weather is windy, a confused rule - the rule is confused .

In short participles, one H is always used, even if there are two of them in the full form. For example: lessons learned - lessons learned, newspaper read - newspaper read, poem written - poem written, house built - house built.

Spelling n and nn in participles

1. In the full forms of the passive participles of the past tense, formed from the perfect form (both prefixed and non-prefixed), it is written nn, for example: bought, corrected, named, paired, cut, solved, dried, abandoned, captive, given, forced, punished, worked out, built in, etc.

Exceptions: with one n verbal adjectives (formed from the perfect form) are written that have completely lost touch with participles, which are part of stable combinations, for example: finished man, forgiven Sunday, named brother, planted father.

Note 1. The above passive participles can also be used as an adjective, but this does not affect their spelling, for example: a seasoned person (with restraint), this case (this particular one), an interested conversation (of interest), an exhausted old man (very tired).

2. In verbal adjectives formed from non-prefixed imperfective verbs, one is written n, for example: straightened, dried, fried, boiled, soaked, boiled, ironed, forged, mowed, sheared, washed, broken, cobbled, wicker, laden, melted, frozen, and also wounded (although it is formed from the two-species verb to hurt). With one n the adjective clever is written.

Exceptions: With two n verbal adjectives are written, formed from non-prefixed imperfective verbs: seen, seen, done, desired, heard, read, unexpected, unexpected.

Note 1. The above verbal adjectives, in the presence of dependent words, go into the category of participles and are written with two n, for example: cobbled streets, wagons loaded with timber, a fighter wounded in the leg, a boy cut by a hairdresser.

Note 2. With two n verbal adjectives are written, formed from unprefixed imperfective verbs with suffixes -ovan (-yovan), for example: spoiled, risky, uprooted, lined. In verbal adjectives forged, chewed combinations ov (s) are part of the root, not the suffix.

3. The presence of a particle does not affect the spelling of passive participles and verbal adjectives not-, for example: unresolved problems, disinterested persons, uncharted territory; untrodden paths, unpainted wall, uninvited guest, unmowed meadow.

4. Distinguishing between passive participles and adjectives formed from them (thereby clarifying the issue of writing nn-n) is sometimes produced not on a formal basis, but on a semantic one. For example, in the sentence Being wounded, the soldier remained in the ranks, the word wounded is a participle and is written with two n, despite the absence of a prefix and explanatory words with it: it retains the verbal meaning.

Note 1. In the combinations ironed-over-ironed trousers, patched-patched fur coat, worn-worn suit, washed-washed linen, read-re-read book, darned-darned stockings, etc., both words should be written with one n. In addition, the second part of complex formations, despite the fact that it is formed from perfective verbs, obeys the word as a whole, which has the meaning of an adjective.

Note 2. The spelling of verbal adjectives also does not change in compound words, for example: one-colored, whole-cut, homespun, gold-forged, little-used, little-worn, little-worn, little-salted, finely crushed, freshly slaked, fresh-frozen, etc. (compare with similar adjectives in which the second part of the compound word formed from the prefixed verb: smooth-colored, lightly trodden, fresh-frozen, etc.).

5. In nouns formed from passive participles and verbal adjectives, two n or one n according to the generating basis, for example:

• 1) dowry, pupil, tributary, chosen one, priest, protege, drowned man;

2) dumplings, smoked meats, ice cream, martyr, worker, student.

6. In adverbs formed from verbal adjectives, so many n, how many adjectives are in full forms, for example: to smile artificially, to appear unexpectedly, to explain confusedly.

7. In short forms of passive participles, unlike full participles, one is always written n, in short forms of verbal adjectives, so many are written n how many in full forms. Wed:

The democratic public is agitated (participle: agitated) by reports of inter-ethnic clashes. - The performance of the actor was heartfelt and excited (adjective: full of excitement).

Many of them were brought near to the court and exalted (participle: they were exalted). - Their ideals and aspirations were lofty (adjective: noble and deep).

Their children are brought up (participle: they were brought up) in the spirit of advanced ideas. - The manners of this girl indicate that she is tactful and well-mannered (adjective: able to behave well).

Sometimes simple questions are artificially confused (participle: they were confused). - The plots of these works are complex and intricate (adjective: difficult to understand).

You are always lucky, you seem to be spoiled (participle: you have been spoiled) by fate. - With improper upbringing, children are usually capricious and spoiled (adjective: spoiled by pampering, capricious, pampered).

These conclusions are substantiated (participle: they were substantiated) by the very logic of the study. - The demands made on us are arbitrary and unreasonable (adjective: unconvincing).

The scope of work was limited (participle: they were limited) by the allocated funds. - Its capabilities are limited (adjective: small).

The doctors were preoccupied (participle: they were preoccupied) with the condition of the patient. - The storm was intensifying and the faces of the sailors were serious and preoccupied (adjective: restless).

The court did not see corpus delicti in this case, and the accused were acquitted (participle: they were acquitted). - Extraordinary measures under these conditions were necessary and fully justified (adjective: having an explanation).

All options for further play by the chess player are thoroughly thought out (participle: he thought them out). - The answers of the examiners were meaningful and thoughtful (adjective: reasonable, justified).

Note 1. Some verbal adjectives in compound words are written in full form with two n, and in short - with one n, for example: generally recognized superiority - superiority is generally recognized, fresh frozen berries - fresh frozen berries.

Note 2. In some verbal adjectives, double spelling is allowed in a short form, depending on the meaning and construction: in the presence of dependent words, one is written n, in the absence - two n, for example: Sister intends to leave soon. “His insolence is deliberate. We are devoted to the Motherland. “Old friends are always loyal. Our athletes are sure of victory. — The movements of the gymnasts are light and confident. She is not interested in the success of this endeavor. — Faces of listeners are interested.