Brief biography of Korolenko. Revolutionary activity and exile Biography in Mr. Korolenko

Korolenko

Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko(July 15 (27), 1853, Zhytomyr - December 25, 1921, Poltava) - Russian writer of Ukrainian-Polish origin, journalist, publicist, public figure, who deserved recognition for his human rights activities both during the years of the tsarist regime, and during the Civil War and the Soviet authorities. For his critical views, Korolenko was subjected to repression by the tsarist government. A significant part of the writer's literary works is inspired by impressions of childhood spent in Ukraine and exile to Siberia.

Honorary Academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the category of fine literature (1900-1902).

Childhood and youth

Korolenko was born in Zhytomyr in the family of a county judge. The writer's grandfather came from a Cossack family; his sister Ekaterina Korolenko is the grandmother of Academician Vernadsky. The writer's father, stern and withdrawn, but at the same time incorruptible and fair, Galaktion Afanasyevich Korolenko (1810-1868), who, in 1858, had the rank of collegiate assessor and served as a Zhytomyr district judge, had a huge influence on the formation of his son's worldview. Subsequently, the image of the father was captured by the writer in his famous story " In a bad society". The writer's mother was Polish, and Korolenko knew the Polish language from childhood.

Korolenko began to study at the Zhytomyr gymnasium, and after his father was transferred to Rivne, he continued his secondary education at the Rivne real school, graduating after his father's death. In 1871 he entered the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, but due to financial difficulties he was forced to leave it and in 1874 go on a scholarship to the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy in Moscow.

Revolutionary activity and exile

From an early age, Korolenko joined the revolutionary populist movement. In 1876, for participating in populist student circles, he was expelled from the academy and exiled to Kronstadt under police supervision.

In Kronstadt, the young man had to earn his living by his own labor. He was engaged in tutoring, was a proofreader in a printing house, tried a number of working professions.

At the end of his exile, Korolenko returned to St. Petersburg and in 1877 entered the Mining Institute. The beginning of literary activity of Korolenko belongs to this period. In July 1879, the first short story by the writer, Episodes from the Life of a Seeker, was published in the St. Petersburg magazine Slovo. Korolenko originally intended this story for the Otechestvennye Zapiski magazine, but the first attempt at writing was unsuccessful - the magazine's editor M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin returned the manuscript to the young author with the words: "It would be nothing ... but green ... very green." But back in the spring of 1879, on suspicion of revolutionary activity, Korolenko was again expelled from the institute and exiled to Glazov in the Vyatka province.

) is very typical of what was considered "artistic" in the 1880s and 1890s. It is full of emotional poetry and "Turgenev's" pictures of nature. The lyrical element today seems somewhat outdated and uninteresting, and most of us will probably prefer his last book, in which he almost completely freed himself from "poetry". But it was precisely this poetry that appealed to the Russian reading public of his era, which revived the cult of Turgenev. Although everyone knew that Korolenko was a radical and a revolutionary, all parties received him with equal enthusiasm. The party-independent welcome given to writers in the 1980s was a sign of the times. Garshin and Korolenko were recognized as classics (smaller, but classics!) before Leskov (who is much larger than them, but was born at a less fortunate time) received at least remote recognition.

Portrait of Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko. Artist I. Repin, 1912

Although Korolenko's poetry has faded over the years, his first works still retain some of their charm. For even this poetry of his rises above the level of "pretty" in the descriptions of the majestic northern nature. The northeast of Siberia, with its vast uninhabited spaces, short polar days and dazzling snowy deserts, lives in his early stories in all its impressive immensity. He masterfully writes the atmosphere. Everyone who reads remembers the romantic island with a ruined castle and tall poplar trees rustling in the wind in the story. In a bad society(see the full text of this story on our website).

But the uniqueness of Korolenko lies in the combination of poetry with subtle humor and undying faith in the human soul. Sympathy for people and faith in human kindness is characteristic of the Russian populist; Korolenko's world is a world based on optimism, for man is by nature good, and only the bad conditions of life created by despotism and crude egoistic capitalism have made him what he is - a poor, helpless, absurd, miserable and irritating creature. In the first story of Korolenko - Dream Makara- there is true poetry, not only in the way the Yakut landscape is written, but, most importantly, in the author's deepest and indestructible sympathy for the dark, unenlightened savage, naive and selfish and still carrying a ray of divine light.

Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko. video film

Korolenkov's humor is especially charming. There is absolutely no satirical gimmicks in it. It is laid-back, natural, and there is in it that lightness that is rare among Russian authors. Korolenko's humor is often intertwined with poetry, as in a charming story At night, where children at night, in the bedroom, discuss the exciting question - where do children come from. Yom Kippur, with his funny Hebrew devil, is that mixture of humor and fantasy that is so charming in Gogol's early stories, but Korolenko's colors are softer, calmer, and, although he does not have an ounce of the creative wealth of his great countryman, he surpasses him in warmth and humanity . The most purely humorous of his stories - No tongue(1895) - tells about three Ukrainian peasants who emigrated to America, not knowing a word in any language other than their own. Russian criticism called this story Dickensian, and this is true in the sense that Korolenko, like Dickens, the absurdity, the absurdity of the characters does not prevent the reader from loving them.

Korolenko's last thing is his autobiography, a story about his own life, unusually accurate and truthful, but which he, out of some overscrupulousness, called the story not of his own, but of his contemporary. It is less poetic than his first works, it is not embellished in any way, but the two main qualities of Korolenkov's prose are very strong there - humor and humanity. We meet there charming pictures of the life of semi-Polish Volhynia; we see his father, scrupulously honest, but wayward. He recalls his first impressions - the village, the school, the great events that he witnessed - the liberation of the peasants and the Polish uprising. He shows us unusually lively figures of eccentrics and originals - perhaps their portraits succeeded him better than anyone else. This is certainly not a sensational book, but it is a delightfully calm story told by an old man (he was only fifty-five years old when he started it, but something from the "grandfather" in the image of Korolenko was always present), who has a lot of time, and he tells with pleasure, reviving the memory of what happened fifty years ago.

Literary career

Relation to the revolution

Aliases

Bibliography

Novels and stories

Publicism

Reviews

Publication of works

Screen versions of works

(July 15 (27), 1853, Zhytomyr - December 25, 1921, Poltava) - Russian writer of Ukrainian-Polish origin, journalist, publicist, public figure, who earned recognition for his human rights activities both during the years of the tsarist regime, and during the civil war and Soviet power . For his critical views, Korolenko was subjected to repression by the tsarist government. A significant part of the writer's literary works is inspired by impressions of childhood spent in Ukraine and exile to Siberia.

Honorary Academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the category of fine literature (1900-1902).

Childhood and youth

Korolenko was born in Zhytomyr (Ukraine) in the family of a county judge. The writer's father came from a Cossack family. Severe and withdrawn, but at the same time incorruptible and fair, Galaktion Afanasyevich Korolenko (1810-1868) had a huge impact on the formation of his son's worldview. Subsequently, the image of the father was captured by the writer in his famous story " In a bad society". The writer's mother was Polish and Korolenko knew the Polish language from childhood.

Korolenko began to study at the Zhytomyr gymnasium, and after the death of his father completed his secondary education at the Rivne real school. In 1871 he entered the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, but due to financial difficulties he was forced to leave it and in 1874 go on a scholarship to the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy in Moscow.

Revolutionary activity and exile

From an early age, Korolenko joined the revolutionary populist movement. In 1876, for participating in populist student circles, he was expelled from the academy and exiled to Kronstadt under police supervision.

In Kronstadt, the young man had to earn his living by his own labor. He was engaged in tutoring, was a proofreader in a printing house, tried a number of working professions.

At the end of his exile, Korolenko returned to St. Petersburg and in 1877 entered the Mining Institute. The beginning of literary activity of Korolenko belongs to this period. In July 1879, the first short story by the writer, Episodes from the Life of a Seeker, was published in the St. Petersburg magazine Slovo. Korolenko originally intended this story for the Otechestvennye Zapiski magazine, but the first attempt at writing was unsuccessful - the magazine's editor M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin returned the manuscript to the young author with the words: "It would be nothing ... but green ... very green." But back in the spring of 1879, on suspicion of revolutionary activity, Korolenko was again expelled from the institute and exiled to Glazov in the Vyatka province.

On June 3, 1879, together with his brother Hilarion, the writer, accompanied by gendarmes, was taken to this county town. The writer remained in Glazov until October, when, as a result of two complaints from Korolenko about the actions of the Vyatka administration, his punishment was toughened. On October 25, 1879, Korolenko was sent as a police chief to the Biserovsky volost with the appointment of residence in Berezovsky repairs, where he stayed until the end of January 1880. From there, for unauthorized absence in the village of Afanasievskoye, the writer was sent first to the Vyatka prison, and then to the Vyshnevolotsk transit prison.

After refusing to sign a penitent, loyal petition to the new Tsar Alexander III in 1881, Korolenko was sent into exile in Siberia (he was serving his last term of exile in Yakutia in the Amginskaya Sloboda). However, the harsh living conditions did not break the will of the writer. The difficult six years of exile became the time of the formation of a mature writer, they provided rich material for his future writings.

Literary career

In 1885, Korolenko was allowed to settle in Nizhny Novgorod. The Nizhny Novgorod decade (1885-1895) was the period of the most fruitful work of the writer Korolenko, a surge of his talent, after which the reading public of the entire Russian Empire started talking about him. In 1886, his first book, Essays and short stories”, which included the Siberian short stories of the writer. In the same years, Korolenko published his "Pavlovsk Essays", which were the result of repeated visits to the village of Pavlova in the Gorbatovsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod province. The work describes the plight of the metalworkers of the village, crushed by poverty.

The real triumph of Korolenko was the release in 1886-1887 of his best works - “ In a bad society" (1885) and " blind musician» (1886). In these stories, Korolenko, with a deep knowledge of human psychology, takes a philosophical approach to resolving the problem of the relationship between man and society. The material for the writer was memories of childhood spent in Ukraine, enriched with the philosophical and social conclusions of a mature master who went through the difficult years of exile and repression. According to the writer, the fullness and harmony of life, happiness can be felt only by overcoming one's own egoism, taking the path of serving the people.

In the 1890s, Korolenko traveled a lot. He visits various regions of the Russian Empire (Crimea, Caucasus). In 1893, the writer is present at the World Exhibition in Chicago (USA). The result of this trip was the philosophical and allegorical story " No tongue» (1895). Korolenko is recognized not only in Russia, but also abroad. His works are published in foreign languages.

In 1895-1900 Korolenko lives in St. Petersburg. He edits a magazine Russian wealth". During this period, remarkable novels are published. Marusina Zaimka"(1899)," Instant» (1900).

In 1900, the writer settled in Poltava, where he lived until his death.

In the last years of his life (1906-1921) Korolenko worked on a large autobiographical novel " History of my contemporary”, which was supposed to summarize everything that he experienced, to systematize the philosophical views of the writer. The novel was left unfinished. The writer died while working on the fourth volume of his work. Died of pneumonia.

Journalism and social activities

Korolenko's popularity was enormous, and the tsarist government was forced to reckon with his publicistic speeches. The writer drew public attention to the most acute, topical issues of our time. He exposed the famine of 1891-1892 (series of essays " In a hungry year”), drew attention to the “Multan case”, denounced the tsarist punishers who brutally cracked down on Ukrainian peasants fighting for their rights (“ Sorochinskaya tragedy”, 1906), the reactionary policy of the tsarist government after the suppression of the revolution of 1905 (“ household phenomenon", 1910). In 1911-1913, Korolenko actively opposed the reactionaries and chauvinists who fanned the falsified "Beilis case", he published more than ten articles in which he exposed the lies and falsifications of the Black Hundreds.

In 1900, Korolenko, along with Leo Tolstoy, Anton Chekhov, Vladimir Solovyov, Pyotr Boborykin and Maxim Gorky, was elected an honorary academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in the category of fine literature, but in 1902 he left it in protest against the expulsion of Maxim Gorky from the ranks of academicians.

Relation to the revolution

In 1917, when asked who should be the first president of the Russian Republic, many answered: Korolenko. After the October Revolution, Korolenko openly condemned the methods by which the Bolsheviks carried out the construction of socialism. The position of Korolenko, a humanist, who condemned the atrocities of the civil war, who stood up to protect the individual from Bolshevik arbitrariness, is reflected in his " Letters to Lunacharsky" (1920) and " Letters from Poltava"(1921).

V. Lenin wrote to Maxim Gorky in 1919: “... The “intellectual forces” of the people were wrongly mixed with the “forces” of the bourgeois intellectuals. I'll take Korolenko as a model... After all, Korolenko is the best of the "near-Kadet" people, almost a Menshevik. ... A pathetic tradesman, captivated by bourgeois prejudices! .. No. It’s not a sin for such “talents” to spend three weeks in prison if this is to be done to prevent conspiracies (like Krasnaya Gorka) and the death of tens of thousands ... "

Aliases

A family

• He was married to Evdokia Semyonovna Ivanovskaya.
• Two children: Natalia and Sophia.
• The wife's sister P. S. Ivanovskaya and the wife's brother V. S. Ivanovsky were revolutionary people's volunteers.

Bibliography

Novels and stories

Publicism

• 1884 - Adjutant of His Excellency (Commentary on a recent event)
• 1886 - Omollon
• 1890 - Pavlovsk essays
• 1890 - In desert places (From a trip to Vetluga and Kerzhents)
• 1891 - On the history of obsolete institutions
• 1894 - "God's town"
• 1895 - Echoes of political upheavals in the county town of the 18th century
• 1895 - Multan sacrifice
• 1895 - To the report on the Multan sacrifice
• 1896 - Do the Votyaks make human sacrifices?
• 1896 - Rumors of the press about the Multan case
• 1896 - Death Factory (Sketch)
• 1896 - Ringlet (From archival files)
• 1898 - Celebrity of the end of the century
• 1901 - Pugachev's legend in the Urals
• 1903 - House No. 13 (Feature article)
• 1904 - Sonya Marmeladova at a lecture by Ms. Lukhmanova
• 1904 - New objectors
• 1905 - Naval headquarters "at peace"
• 1905 - Chronicle of the inner life (January 9 in St. Petersburg)
• 1906 - Unity of the Cabinet or Secrets of the Ministry of the Interior
• 1906 - Return of General Kuropatkin
• 1906 - Cares of the good shepherd for the sinful flock
• 1907 - General Dumbadze, Governor-General of Yalta
• 1907 - From the notes of Pavel Andreevich Tentetnikov
• 1907 - Sorochinsky tragedy (According to judicial investigation)
• 1907 - In a hungry year (Observations and notes from the diary)
• 1908 - On Latin Confidence
• 1909 - "Declaration" by V.S. Solovyov (On the history of the Jewish question in the Russian press)
• 1909 - Poltava festivities
• 1909 - Ours on the Danube
• 1910 - Features of military justice
• 1910 - Everyday phenomenon (Publicist's notes on the death penalty)
• 1911 - Tormentor Orgy
• 1911 - About "Russia" and about the revolution
• 1911 - In a calm village (Pictures of true reality)
• 1912 - The process of the editor of "Russian wealth"
• 1913 - About the court, about the defense and about the press
• 1913 - "They judged the Multans..."
• 1913 - The Beilis Affair (Four articles written in 1913, during the Beilis trial)
• 1913 - The Third Element (In memory of Nikolai Fedorovich Annensky)
• 1913 - Nirvana. From a trip to the ashes of the Danube Sich (Excerpt)
• 1916 - Kotlyarevsky and Mazepa

Memoirs and literary notes

• 1887 - Two paintings (Reflections of a writer)
• 1889 - About Shchedrin
• 1890 - Memories of Chernyshevsky
• 1898 - In memory of Belinsky
• 1902 - About Gleb Ivanovich Uspensky
• 1904 - "Civil execution of Chernyshevsky" (According to an eyewitness)
• 1904 - Anton Pavlovich Chekhov
• 1908 - Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (Article one)
• 1908 - L. N. Tolstoy (Article two)
• 1908 - Angel Ivanovich Bogdanovich (Features from personal memories)
• 1909 - Stereotypical in the life of a Russian writer (To the obituary of Count E. A. Salias)
• 1909 - The tragedy of the great humorist (A few thoughts about Gogol)
• 1910 - The Great Pilgrim (Three meetings with Leo Tolstoy)
• 1910 - Died
• 1910 - Vsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin (Literary portrait)
• 1911 - In memory of a remarkable Russian man
• 1912 - My first acquaintance with Dickens
• 1912 - I. A. Goncharov and the "young generation" (To the 100th anniversary of birth)
• 1912 - Elder Fyodor Kuzmich (The hero of the story by L. N. Tolstoy)
• 1916 - Summist puzzles
• 1920 - To the tenth anniversary of the death of Leo Tolstoy
• 1922 - Conversation with Tolstoy (Maximalism and statehood)

Reviews

• 1896 - J. Kantorovich - Medieval witch trials
• 1897 - Everyday problem book for children - Mandryki
• 1901 - A. Serafimovich. - Essays and stories
• 1904 - V. P. Burenin - Theater (Volume one. St. Petersburg, 1904)
• 1904 - Stanislav Przybyshevsky - Homo sapiens
• 1907 - Georgy Chulkov - "Taiga" (Drama. Publishing house "Ory". St. Petersburg. 1907)
• 1908 - Northern compilations

Publication of works

• Collected works in 6 bindings. St. Petersburg, 1907-1912.
• Complete works in 9 volumes. Petrograd, Ed. t-va A. F. Marx, 1914.
• Collected works in 10 volumes. M., 1953-1956.
• Collected works in 5 volumes. M., 1960-1961.
• Collected works in 6 volumes. M., 1971.
• Collected works in 5 volumes. M., 1989-1991.
• History of my contemporary in 4 volumes. L., 1976.
• Russia would be alive. Unknown journalism 1917-1921 - M., 2002.

Screen versions of works

• Blind Musician (USSR, 1960, director Tatyana Lukashevich).
• Among the Gray Stones (USSR, 1983, directed by Kira Muratova).
• Polissya legend (USSR).

Quotes

• « Man was created for happiness, like a bird for flight, only happiness is not always created for him."("Paradox").
• « Violence feeds on obedience like fire feeds on straw."("The Tale of Flora, Agrippa and Menahem, the son of Yehuda").

Museums

• The house-museum "Dacha Korolenko" is located in the village of Dzhankhot, 20 kilometers southeast of Gelendzhik. The main building was built in 1902 according to the drawings of the writer, and utility rooms and buildings were completed over several years. The writer lived in this residence in 1904, 1908, 1912 and 1915.
• In Nizhny Novgorod, on the basis of school No. 14, there is a museum that contains materials on the Nizhny Novgorod period of the writer's life.
• Museum in the city of Rivne on the site of the Rivne Men's Gymnasium.
• In the homeland of the writer, in the city of Zhytomyr, in 1973 the house-museum of the writer was opened.
• In the city of Poltava there is a Museum-estate of V. G. Korolenko - the house in which the writer lived for the last 18 years of his life.

Memory

• In 1977, the minor planet 3835 was named Korolenko.
• In 1973, a monument was erected in the homeland of the writer in Zhytomyr (sculptor V. Vinaikin, architect N. Ivanchuk).
• The name of Korolenko was given to the Poltava Pedagogical Institute, the Kharkiv State Scientific Library, the Chernihiv Regional Library, schools in Poltava and Zhytomyr, and the Glazov State Pedagogical Institute.
• In 1990, the Writers' Union of Ukraine established the Korolenko Literary Prize for the best Russian-language literary work in Ukraine.
• A number of streets in many cities of the former USSR are named after Korolenko. There is also Korolenko Street in Tel Aviv.

The second half of the 19th century brought to our country many talented literary figures. One of them is a journalist, prose writer and publicist Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko.

Vladimir Korolenko was born in 1853 in the city of Zhitomir, Ukraine. Vladimir's father worked as a judge. He had a rather strict, but incorruptible character, which distinguished him from other officials. Vladimir's mother is a native of Poland, and that is why in the early years of his life the Polish language became native for the future writer.

The family was large: Vladimir lived with two brothers and sisters. He spent all his childhood in the Ukraine, and he subsequently filled many of his compositions with memories of these years.

Education and youth

Vladimir Korolenko studied at the Polish boarding school and the Zhytomyr gymnasium. When his father passed away, leaving his family in a difficult situation, his son was educated at the Rivne real school.

In the future, he had to leave the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, as there was not enough money for training. He continued to study at the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy and the Mining Institute, from which he was successively expelled for revolutionary inclinations.

Relation to the revolution

Already from his youth, Korolenko shared the idea of ​​populism. For the bold criticism of the tsarist regime, the authorities did not spare the young man, sending him into a new exile over and over again.

Six years in difficult conditions did not weaken him, only tempered his character and later served as good material for stories. But Vladimir Korolenko also criticized the October Revolution, which, it would seem, just met the interests of the populist movement. As a true humanist, he did not welcome the massacres of people. He shared this with Lunacharkiy in "Letters" written in 1920.

Creation

In the Slovo magazine, Vladimir Korolenko published his first work, “An Episode from the Life of a Seeker”. But the stories "In Bad Society", "The Dream of Makara" and "The Blind Musician" received the greatest recognition. Korolenko based these works on his childhood memories of life in his homeland.

In addition to prose, Vladimir created a lot of journalistic works devoted to the acute social problems of his time. For example, the article "Everyday Phenomenon" about the suppression of the revolution in 1905.

Personal life: wife and children

Korolenko married once, to his old friend Evdokia Ivanovskaya, who, like him, was a populist revolutionary. He lived with her until the end of his days, and together they gave birth to two daughters - Natalia and Sofia.

Already during his lifetime, Vladimir made many good acquaintances among famous writers who spoke of him as a kind, cheerful, intelligent person who you can follow anywhere.

Death

Korolenko spent the last years of his life in Poltava. Here the family had its own dacha, where all its members came for the summer.

At the end of his life, the writer created a voluminous autobiographical essay “The History of My Contemporary”. He died of pneumonia in 1921 before completing the fourth volume.

Biography Korolenko

Korolenko Vladimir Galaktionovich (1853-1921) - Russian writer, publicist, public figure.

Born in Zhytomyr in the family of a county judge. He studied at the Zhytomyr and Rivne gymnasiums. In 1871 he entered the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, in 1874 he moved to the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy in Moscow. In the 70s, he became close to the leaders of revolutionary populism. In 1876, he was expelled from the Academy for filing a collective student protest and exiled to Kronstadt under police supervision.

In 1877 he entered the Mining Institute in St. Petersburg. In 1879 and 1880 was arrested several times. In 1881, for refusing to swear allegiance to Tsar Alexander III, he was exiled to Yakutia. In 1885 he settled in Nizhny Novgorod, where he developed an active literary and social activity. In 1886 he married E.S. Ivanovskaya. In 1893 he traveled to America.

Since 1896 - one of the leaders, and in 1904-1918 (with interruptions) the executive editor of the magazine "Russian wealth". From 1896 he lived in St. Petersburg. In 1900, he was elected an honorary academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (in 1902, together with A.P. Chekhov, he refused the title in protest against the illegal cancellation of the election of M. Gorky to the Academy; in 1918 he was reinstated in the Academy).

In September 1900 he moved with his family to Poltava. “Moving to Poltava,” recalled Korolenko’s daughter Sofia Vladimirovna, “was a happy event in the life of our family. VG Korolenko, who grew up in Ukraine, loved its climate and nature… We often went to the city garden and admired the beauty of Poltava. After St. Petersburg with its rains and fogs, Poltava seemed to us a wonderful new world.”

At first, the writer lived in Staritsky's house on the street. Aleksandrovskaya (now Oktyabrskaya), since 1903 - in the house of Dr. Budagovska on the street. Malo-Sadovaya (now Korolenko). Now in the house is the Literary and Memorial Museum of V.G. Korolenko.

The writer's house became the center of the cultural life of Poltava; letters from L.N. Tolstoy, A.P. Chekhov, M.M. Kotsyubinsky (visited Korolenko in 1903), M. Gorky, A.V. Lunacharsky (1920), V.P. Kataev came.

Korolenko quickly became involved in the literary and social life of the Poltava region. He established friendly relations with figures of Ukrainian culture - Panas Mirny, M. Kotsyubinsky, I. Tobilevich, Kh. Alchevskaya, G. Khotkevich and others. In 1901 he sent new biographical information about T. G. Shevchenko to the journal 1902 participated in the preparation of the Russian-Ukrainian almanac dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the death of N.V. Gogol. In 1905, he spoke at rallies in Poltava aimed at preventing Jewish pogroms in the city. He condemned in the press the massacre of peasants during the Sorochinsky tragedy of 1905 (he published an open letter in the newspaper Poltavshchina on January 12, 1906, in which he denounced the lawlessness and mass cruelty of senior adviser A. Filonov, led the suppression of peasant uprisings). In 1911 he spoke at the opening of the monument to N.V. Gogol in Sorochintsy.

The years of life in Poltava were filled with intensive creative work. Here he completed the essays “At the Cossacks”, wrote the second cycle of Siberian stories (“Frost”, “Feudal lords”, etc.), the stories “MiG” and “Not Scary”. In Poltava, V. Korolenko continued his work as an editor of the Russian Wealth magazine, a publicist and newspaper correspondent for metropolitan and provincial newspapers. In 1905, the writer began work on The History of My Contemporary. In 1910, Korolenko worked hard on a series of articles called "Everyday Phenomenon" directed against courts-martial and mass death sentences.

Since 1905, almost every summer, he rested on x. Houses. In 1912 he visited Finland, in 1914 he was treated abroad, in France. Returned home in 1915.

Korolenko played a big role in protecting the Jews of Poltava from pogroms in the period 1905-1907. He took an active part in the defense of Beilis. During the years of the civil war in Ukraine and the terror of military communism, Korolenko spoke out against pogroms, stood up for both Jews and people of other nationalities repressed by the Soviet authorities.

By order of the Jewish Council of Ukraine dated July 27, 1998, No. 48, “... Taking into account the universal humanistic activity ...” and in connection with the 145th anniversary of the birth of V. G. Korolenko, he was awarded the title “Righteous Man of Ukraine”.