Kaz is a surname. Kazakh surname

One of my acquaintances has four people in his family, and they all have different surnames. Father - was Dzhanbulatov, but now he is Zhanbulat, his wife remained Dzhanbulatova. The eldest son is Zhanbulatov, the younger son is already recorded as Zhanbolat. And many of us can give such examples.

Such onomastic problems arose long ago, experts differ in strategic approaches to solving this problem of a national scale. The leaders of the creative intelligentsia and some influential politicians are also divisive, changing the spelling of their names and surnames to suit their own deeply personal considerations about the image or something else.

In Almaty, at the end of November, they discussed just this problem, or rather, "Instructions for the Russian transmission of Kazakh and Kazakh transmission of Russian anthroponyms (names, patronymics and surnames)". The round table brought together linguists, lawyers, archivists, and public figures.
A 16-page document was submitted for discussion.

This instruction has already been approved by the State Onomastic Commission under the Government of Kazakhstan. It was prepared by four doctors of philological sciences - Telkhozha Zhanuzakov, Sherubai Kurmanbayuly, Kyzdarkhan Rysbergen, Saule Imanberdieva.

ORDER IS NECESSARY IN NAMES

The instruction goes beyond its name. These are not just rules for the Russian transfer of Kazakh surnames, names and patronymics (anthroponyms) and the Kazakh transfer of Russians, but also for writing anthroponyms of persons of Kazakh nationality in official documents. The compilers designated the instruction as a normative legal act.

The first of the three principles underlying the instruction reads: “When transferring Kazakh anthroponyms into Russian, one should strictly take into account the pronunciation of the name-original source.”

But the rules that follow show that accounting for the pronunciation of the source name is actually not so strict. So, several Kazakh sounds should be transmitted in the same Russian letters. For example: A, Ә - through A; O, Ө - through O; U, Y, Ұ - through U. Combinations of sounds YY, YI should be betrayed by one letter I (Asayyn - Asain, Meyiz - Meiz). For consonants K, Қ, transmission through the letter K is provided, for N, Ң - through N, for G, Ғ - through G.

You should not take into account the pronunciation in Kazakh names of the combination of SSh as Sh, Shch, but translate in Russian as it is written, that is, not Koshshybay and Koshchybay, but Kosshibay.

It turns out that it is not necessary to take into account the pronunciation of the letter combinations NB, NP in Kazakh names as MB, MP, but write in Russian the way it is written in Kazakh, that is, say, not Daurembek, but Daurenbek. There is also a risk that names like Mohammed, Farid will get into the documents in Russian in the wrong form - after all, we pronounce: Mukhamet, Farit. Or take such a phenomenon as the stunning of voiced consonants under the influence of neighboring deaf consonants. Spelled Esbay, Zhenisbek, but pronounced Espay, Zhenispek. In Russian transmission, such pronunciation, according to the instructions, should not be taken into account.

In general, there is nothing fundamentally new in the rules for the transfer of Kazakh anthroponyms into Russian in this instruction. Almost all of these rules were applied back in Soviet times. Of the innovations of the post-Soviet period, the transfer of names like Shynybek through Sh (and not through H, as before), and Zholdas through Zh (and not through J, as before). But there is an exception to the last rule in the instructions.

The names and surnames of historical persons in Russian texts are preserved in the traditional Russian spelling - Chokan Valikhanov, Alibi Dzhangeldin, Uraz Dzhandosov and the like.

Often in the documents of the Kazakhs there is a spelling of parts of compound names through a hyphen, for example, Ali-Sultan. The instructions state that such names should be written together - Alisultan, Bekali, Kurmankhan and so on. It is also necessary to write together the names of Arabic origin such as Alfarabi, Alkhamit.

The approach to the transfer of Russian anthroponyms in the Kazakh language has not undergone any changes compared to many years of previous practice. This can be seen from the second main provision of the instruction: "Russian anthroponyms in the Kazakh language are written on the basis of the spelling of the Russian language without distortion, the traditional norm of the literary Russian language is strictly preserved."

In the mid-1990s, the author of this article saw in the records of some rural settlements in the Almaty region patronymics of children from Russian families with the ending uly. For example, Aleksandruly instead of Aleksandrovich. Since this happened, it would probably make sense in the instructions to indicate the inadmissibility of such transformations.

The most interesting is the third main provision of the instruction under discussion: “Incorrect, erroneous transcription of the anthroponyms of the Kazakh people, previously included in onomastic dictionaries, textbooks, teaching aids, various historical and geographical sources, as well as passports and other documents of citizens, are subject to mandatory correction based on the rules of this instructions".

If “subject to mandatory correction” is understood as a guide to action, then one can imagine what a mountain of paper publications will have to be written off and republished. You can also imagine what kind of queues will line up from citizens who will urgently have to change all personal documents with incorrect entries of names, patronymics, and surnames. Until now, everyone has decided for himself whether or not to correct the wrongs.

IN SEARCH FOR FAMILY ENDINGS

Among the problems of particular concern to Kazakh onomasts, one can name an excessive number of variations of surnames (with the endings -ov, -ev, -in, -uly, -kyzy, -tegi, -i and others) and the impossibility of most of these endings to clearly indicate nationality .

Sherubai Kurmanbayuly, chairman of the Committee on Languages ​​of the Ministry of Culture, cites as an example Georgians and Armenians, who have specific surname endings -dze, -shvili, -yan, which immediately show that a person is Georgian or Armenian.

Therefore, in the instructions, attention is paid to surnames. About this - in the section "Samples of writing Kazakh surnames, names and patronymics." The State Onomastic Commission decided that the surnames, first names and patronymics of Kazakhs are written and used according to a three-term scheme. Surnames can be formed both on behalf of the father and on behalf of the grandfather.

It is allowed to use the following naming formulas: first name - patronymic - surname (Zhakan Ospanuly Aidarbek, Aisha Omarkyzy Asan), first name - patronymic with the addition of the words uly, kyzy to the last (Azamat Bektayuly, Alma Akzhankyzy), name - patronymic without using the words uly (son of that something), kyzy (daughter of something).

The instruction enshrined the right of Kazakhs to use the name of their father or grandfather as a surname.

But the fate of surnames with Russian endings is not considered at all in the document, which will definitely raise a question among people: can they be left or will they have to be changed?

The instruction also establishes the order of the naming components. In especially solemn occasions, documents, lists, identity documents, as a rule, the surname is in the first place, the name is in the second, and the patronymic is in the third.

The instructions do not clearly explain what a "surname" is, so that one can unambiguously distinguish a surname from a patronymic and a given name. In many countries, linguists agree that a surname is an inherited official naming, indicating that a person belongs to a particular family, repeated in at least two or three generations.

“WE DO NOT HAVE A SINGLE… BASE YET”

The correspondent of our radio Azattyk had the opportunity to talk with the participants of the round table. The co-author of the instruction, Kyzdarkhan Rysbergen, noted with annoyance that linguists and lawyers, scientists and practitioners initially worked in isolation. She is convinced that following the example of a number of countries, such as the Baltic states, it is necessary to adopt a law on names.

Moreover, such a law should also put an end to the terrible bureaucracy that a person faces when he needs to make some corrections to personal documents.

Zhanna Dyusembayeva, head of the registry office of the Turksib district of Almaty, believes that the legislation has not been fully developed, as there are many people who want to have a surname after their great-grandfather. In her opinion, what surname a woman should have if she takes her husband's surname, formed from the name of his father from Uly, has not been finalized.

Registry offices at this time in such cases simply discard this ending. Zhanna Dyusembayeva also objects to the use of the ending kelin (“daughter-in-law”) proposed at the round table when forming a surname - “daughter-in-law of such and such”.

Zhanna Dyusembayeva stressed that they have many questions about the spelling of names. The only thing that can now be referred to is Telkhozhi Zhanuzakov's dictionaries, which are used by the registry offices of Kazakhstan.

But he himself today admitted that these dictionaries of his are outdated:

- The purpose of today's event is to develop a unified methodology. Meanwhile, the linguists sitting at the table are now arguing among themselves over the correct spelling of names. That is, we still do not have a single developed base.

Zauresh Kusainova, head of the registry office of Almaty, spoke about the need for dictionaries or computer databases, from which a citizen, when applying to the registry office, could choose the correct spelling from several options. Sherubay Kurmanbayuly, chairman of the language committee of the Ministry of Culture, says that the instruction will be approved very soon and brought to official institutions.

And what would you add to this instruction, our dear reader? How to write compound names, such as Kasymzhomart or Kasym-Jomart, Alfarabi or Al-Farabi? Should Kazakh surnames have a single ending with a national, so to speak, color, and without division into male and female gender?

History of Kazakh surnames.

In ancient times, the Kazakhs had only a name. Later, a word was added to the name, which somehow characterized the person. For example, Batykhai-batyr (Batykhai-warrior), Chotar-sholak (Chotar-armless). Particular importance was attached to the name of the genus, which consisted of several components. After the merger of the Kazakhs with the Russian Empire, history of Kazakh surnames in the modern sense. Russian officials, as a rule, gave Kazakhs surnames after their father, grandfather or great-grandfather. At the same time, they strictly followed the instructions not to allow any hint of the nobility of the family. Even a direct descendant of Genghis Khan could get the surname Valikhanov, which does not say anything, except for pointing to the name of the father - Valikhan. Before the revolution dictionary of Kazakh surnames was rather scarce, since hereditary names were given only to those Kazakhs who either entered the civil service or went to study at educational institutions. In Soviet times, the process of formation Kazakh surnames became massive, meaning was still associated with the names of ancestors.

Different formation of Kazakh surnames.

If you look at the list of Kazakh surnames in alphabetical order, you can see that they are formed with the help of Russian endings -ov, -ev, -in, Kazakh particles -uly, -kyzy, Persian ending -i. Linguists consider such education to be incorrect, since it does not correspond to the traditional norms of the Kazakh language, makes Kazakh surnames unrecognizable and makes it difficult for them interpretation. In addition, some people began to write their surnames in two words - Kuanysh-Baev or Kudai-Bergenov, and someone attributes the area and clan to their surname. In a word, such a variety of options leads to confusion in documents and becomes a cause of dissatisfaction of citizens if their names are distorted.

Features of naming a child.

Now in Kazakhstan there are two options for assigning a surname to a newborn. At the request of the parents, he may be given the father's surname or a new surname formed from the name of his paternal grandfather. For example, Bakhyt Aslanovich Mustafin had a son, Dosken. He can become both Dosken Bakhytovich Mustafin and Dosken Bakhytovich Aslanov. In the Kazakh version, these names sound like Dosken Bakhytuly Mustafin and Dosken Bakhytuly Aslan. Declination of Kazakh surnames with Russian endings occurs according to the rules of the Russian language. Adherents of national traditions in the Kazakh nominal formula suggest writing all Kazakh surnames only with the addition of -uly and -kyzy, so that the nationality of the bearer of the surname is immediately clear.

Top Kazakh surnames shows which surnames are currently considered the most common and popular.

History of Kazakh surnames.

In ancient times, the Kazakhs had only a name. Later, a word was added to the name, which somehow characterized the person. For example, Batykhai-batyr (Batykhai-warrior), Chotar-sholak (Chotar-armless). Particular importance was attached to the name of the genus, which consisted of several components. After the merger of the Kazakhs with the Russian Empire, history of Kazakh surnames in the modern sense. Russian officials, as a rule, gave Kazakhs surnames after their father, grandfather or great-grandfather. At the same time, they strictly followed the instructions not to allow any hint of the nobility of the family. Even a direct descendant of Genghis Khan could get the surname Valikhanov, which does not say anything, except for pointing to the name of the father - Valikhan. Before the revolution dictionary of Kazakh surnames was rather scarce, since hereditary names were given only to those Kazakhs who either entered the civil service or went to study at educational institutions. In Soviet times, the process of formation Kazakh surnames became massive, meaning was still associated with the names of ancestors.

Different formation of Kazakh surnames.

If you look at the list of Kazakh surnames in alphabetical order, you can see that they are formed with the help of Russian endings -ov, -ev, -in, Kazakh particles -uly, -kyzy, Persian ending -i. Linguists consider such education to be incorrect, since it does not correspond to the traditional norms of the Kazakh language, makes Kazakh surnames unrecognizable and makes it difficult for them interpretation. In addition, some people began to write their surnames in two words - Kuanysh-Baev or Kudai-Bergenov, and someone attributes the area and clan to their surname. In a word, such a variety of options leads to confusion in documents and becomes a cause of dissatisfaction of citizens if their names are distorted.

Features of naming a child.

Now in Kazakhstan there are two options for assigning a surname to a newborn. At the request of the parents, he may be given the father's surname or a new surname formed from the name of his paternal grandfather. For example, Bakhyt Aslanovich Mustafin had a son, Dosken. He can become both Dosken Bakhytovich Mustafin and Dosken Bakhytovich Aslanov. In the Kazakh version, these names sound like Dosken Bakhytuly Mustafin and Dosken Bakhytuly Aslan. Declination of Kazakh surnames with Russian endings occurs according to the rules of the Russian language. Adherents of national traditions in the Kazakh nominal formula suggest writing all Kazakh surnames only with the addition of -uly and -kyzy, so that the nationality of the bearer of the surname is immediately clear.

Top Kazakh surnames shows which surnames are currently considered the most common and popular.

And in Soviet times, there were instructions for writing Kazakh names and surnames in Russian, but they distorted some names radically. But now there has already been discord in the Kazakh language itself, especially in the endings of surnames. Experts do not know what to recommend here in individual cases.

Newborn Kazakh. Illustrative photo.

One of my acquaintances has four people in his family, and they all have different surnames. Father - was Dzhanbulatov, but now he is Zhanbulat, his wife remained Dzhanbulatova. The eldest son is Zhanbulatov, the younger son is already recorded as Zhanbolat. And many of us can give such examples.

Such onomastic problems arose long ago, experts differ in strategic approaches to solving this problem of a national scale. The leaders of the creative intelligentsia and some influential politicians are also divisive, changing the spelling of their names and surnames to suit their own deeply personal considerations about the image or something else.

But he himself today admitted that these dictionaries of his are outdated:

- The purpose of today's event is to develop a unified methodology. Meanwhile, the linguists sitting at the table are now arguing among themselves over the correct spelling of names. That is, we still do not have a single developed base.

Zauresh Kusainova, head of the registry office of Almaty, spoke about the need for dictionaries or computer databases, from which a citizen, when applying to the registry office, could choose the correct spelling from several options. Sherubay Kurmanbayuly, chairman of the language committee of the Ministry of Culture, says that the instruction will be approved very soon and brought to official institutions.

And what would you add to this instruction, our dear reader? How to write compound names, such as Kasymzhomart or Kasym-Jomart, Alfarabi or Al-Farabi? Should Kazakh surnames have a single ending with a national, so to speak, color, and without division into male and female gender?

Personal Name

They are of Kazakh (Turkic), Persian, Arabic origin. Some names occur in several forms at once, such as Shara, Sarah and Zara (which are essentially different pronunciations of the same name).

Turkic names

Some Turkic names have a direct translation, such as Arman (Dream), Sholpan (Venus (planet))

Other Turkic names are compound - they consist of two roots of different words (noun + noun or noun + adjective), and among them there are many poetically sublime, for example "Ainur" (Ai + Nur) - "Light of the Moon", "Aigul (Ai + Gul) - “Moon Flower”, Nurgul (Nur + Gul) - “Flower of Light”, Gulnur (Gul + Nur) - “Flower Light”, Gulzhan (Gul + Zhan) - “Flower Soul”, Aizhan (Ai + Zhan) - "Moon Soul", Nurzhan (Nur + Zhan) - "Solar Soul", Togzhan (Tog + Zhan) - "Pure Soul".

Many Turkic compound names have the form<существительное + глагол>, which gives them a complex semantic load. This includes names given according to some special feature that accompanied the birth of a child, or describing the physical or behavioral characteristics of a person (in the old days, names could change with age or after any events). For example, the name "Aytugan" (Ai + Tugan) is translated as "born at the beginning of the month", "Kudaiberdy" (Kuday + Berdi) - "given by God" - (Bogdan), "Kutken" (Kutken) - "Long-awaited" or " Aydar" - "tuft".

Children are also given names-wishes so that the child in the future contains the qualities that the name denotes. For example, Bolat (Bulat) is translated as mighty, steel, indestructible, courageous, brave, strong, good. Temir (Timur), Temirlan - iron, iron, unshakable, strong as iron

There is also the most interesting and unusual category of names, which are essentially wish names. For example, the name "Amangeldy" (Aman + Keldi) is translated as "To return alive", and the female name "Kyztumas" (Kyz + Tumas) is translated "So that she does not give birth to girls." There are also female names in which a girl is called a boy: Ulbolsyn (Ұl + Bolsyn) “let there be a boy” and Ulbala (Ұl + bala) “boy”. Such names-wishes-programs from the very beginning could determine the life path of a person. This is a purely Turkic nomadic tradition, originating in the rich oral culture of the Kazakhs.

There are also names, both of Turkic and Arabic origin, the direct translation of which is forgotten, for example, Elmira, Jamal, Ahriman.

In the old days, Kazakhs, in order to protect children from the evil eye, gave deliberately bad-sounding names, for example: “Kotibar” - “he has a backside”, “Sasikbay” - “stinky bai”, etc.

Male names often end in -bay, -bek, -khan, -gali. After the establishment of Soviet power, names ending in -by became rare due to the meaning of this word. Bai is translated as rich man, rich. But many current surnames end in -baev, -baeva. In modern Kazakhstan, it is fashionable to give 5-6 letter 2-syllable names in which there are no or few specific letters of the Kazakh alphabet, and often they begin with the letter "A".

Women's names often end in -gul, -nur.

Arabic borrowings

The Arabic form of data names in honor of historical figures is traditional, for example, Al-Iskander (Alexander the Great).

The Arabic form of names from the Koran is also traditional: Mariya / Mariam / Mariam (Virgin Mary), Isa (Jesus), Musa (Moses), Howa (Eve), Israel (Israel), Zakaria (Zachariy), Mikael (Michael), Ibrahim / Ibrahim (Abraham), etc. Adam is less common. There are also Danial, Sarah/Shara/Zara, Zhusup/Jusp/Yusuf (Joseph). As for the rest of the Arabic names that do not belong to historical figures and biblical characters, only female names are traditionally found. And male names are uncharacteristic, although they can be found among Kazakhs living abroad. For example, the female name Jamal is traditional. At the same time, the male name Mustafa is uncharacteristic for the Kazakhs of Kazakhstan, but this name was called Mustafa Ozturk, a repatriate who returned to his historical homeland from Turkey.

Sometimes there is a mixture of Turkic and Arabic / Iranian roots in the name. For example Gulzada (Turkic ghoul+ Iranian ass).

From the reduction of long Arabic names, new short names arose. For example: Abdrakhim - Abish, Gulbahram - Kulyash, Saduakas - Saken,.

The name Assel is also common, which in Arabic means: oriental sweetness, sweet as honey.

Among the Kazakh women (not necessarily in international families), there are occasionally naming of female Russian names. The names Svetlana and Rimma are especially common.

Persian loanwords

Less common are names borrowed from the Persian language. Moreover, this borrowing often occurred through the Arabic language. Some Kazakh names consist of two roots - Persian and Turkic.

Other borrowings

After the October Revolution, revolutionary names were added, such as the Council, Mels (Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin), Marlene (Marx, Lenin), there is also the name Siez in honor of the congress of parties, which are currently no longer given to newborns, but are found among those born in the Soviet era. Although among the Kazakhs the name Mels or Marlene has completely adapted and is no longer perceived as a revolutionary name, nowadays newborns are often called this name. Rarely occurring names also belong to the Soviet period: Berlin, Washington.

The name may be given in honor of current events. For example: Summit (During the OSCE summit in Astana), Congress (During the congresses of the Communist Party), Zhenis (In honor of the victory), Asian Games (In honor of the Seventh Winter Asian Games).

The non-Arabized form of names given in honor of famous historical figures, although rare, is found, for example: Archimedes (Archimedes of Syracuse), Aplato (Plato), Heinrich, Ramses, Genghis (Genghis Khan).

The name Elvira was also borrowed, similar in sound to the traditional name Elmira, and sometimes given to girls for the sake of “eki kyzdyn ata uksas bolsyn!”.

Moreover, some of the non-Arabized historical names (mostly female) are found everywhere, for example: Indira (Indira Gandhi) and Jeanne (Joan of Arc). At the same time, Jeanne usually appears as an abbreviation of another name, for example Zhanar, and Indira is not an abbreviation.

Interethnic families (Kazakh-Russian) are characterized by Russian and European or Russian names of Turkic origin, names that are similar to Kazakh ones. For example: Albina, Sabina, Timur, Ruslan, etc.

Recently, the names borrowed from the Iranian-speaking ancestors of the Kazakhs, the Massaget Saks, have been widely used. These names are especially widely used (although they are not typical for Turkic-speaking Kazakhs) after Kazakhstan gained Independence. The most common are Tomiris, Zarina, Rustam, Rustem, etc. Less commonly - Sogdiana, Roksolana.

Consonance of names

At the birth of several children of the same sex, they usually try to make their names consonant (kaz. uikas, uksas), that is, they go into rhyme (not necessarily exact). For example, if the first daughter was called Aigul, then for the sake of consonance I can name the second Ainur (consonance with the first syllable) or Nurgul (consonance with the second syllable). Sometimes, for the sake of consonance, they can also give a non-traditional name, for example, if one daughter is called Gulmira and the other Elmira, then for the sake of consonance, the third one can be called the non-traditional name Elvira.

middle name

It has three options: Kazakh, Russian and Arabic. At the same time, the Kazakh version has a literal translation: kyzy / uly (daughter / son of such and such), and the Arabic is usually semi-officially used by religious figures. During the mass distribution of surnames, which was organized by the Soviet government in order to combat tribalism, there were cases of confusion between patronymics and surnames, when for some people instead of a surname, the name of the father was officially recorded in the passport, and the “patronymic” column remained empty.

Surname

Due to the fact that family names (see below) were not officially considered surnames, even in tsarist times, when Kazakhs were enrolled in educational institutions, they came up with surnames, usually derived from the name of their father, grandfather or great-grandfather. So, Chokan, who is a direct descendant of Genghis Khan, received the surname not Tore and not Chingiz, but Valikhanov, after the name of his grandfather Uali Khan. And the patronymic at the same time was assigned to him by his father Chingizovich. Which also coincides with the name of the ancestor - Genghis Khan, which causes certain parallels with the surname Rurikovich - given by the name of the founder of the Rurik dynasty.

When married, the maiden name is usually retained, by analogy with the family name, which never changes.

Now there are two options for assigning a surname to a child. First, the child inherits the surname from the father. The second - the child's surname is formed from the name of the paternal grandfather. For example, the son of Bakhyt Aslanovich Mustafin, named Dosken, may receive the full name Dosken Bakhytovich Mustafin or Dosken Bakhytovich Aslanov, depending on the choice of the parents. In Kazakh it sounds like this: Dosken Bakhytuly Mustafin - Dosken Bakhytuly Aslan (ov) - Dosken Bakhytuly, or Dosken Bakhyt. Many Kazakhs at this time are written in certificates, mostly oralmans, and before joining the Russian Empire, the Kazakhs called each other that way.

There are other options as well. For example, oralmans from China do not have a surname or patronymic, they only have a first name, as the ancestors of the Kazakhs had. The ancient Kazakhs had only a name, and after some time some word was added to it, denoting its essence at one time or another, for example, Bogenbai was a batyr, which means he was called Bogenbai-batyr, Bukhar was a great zhyrau, which means Bukhar- zhyrau, or Baluan-sholak, from the fact that he was a sholak - without a hand, that is, their social status gave them a full name.

Full naming in the Middle Ages sounded like Kara Kypshak Kobylandy Batyr. (Subgenus Genus Name Title)

In addition, there is now a tendency to replace the endings -ov and -ev with “tags” (kaz. tegi), which literally means “of the kind”.

Generic name (ru/el)

Generic names were abolished during the Soviet era to combat tribalism and aristocracy, and surnames were introduced in their place. Currently, generic names have an unofficial circulation and, as a rule, are reported only to close people.

The generic name consists of RU(genus) and from ate(people). The exception is the descendants of Genghis Khan - Genghisides, called tore(ruler / tore-tor ie-literally the one who is the owner of the tora (tor-place of honor), and the descendants of the Central Asian Arabs, called leather(Kozhayyn-owner/by the way, it passed into the Russian language from Turkic).

El - people

Ate(people, read: spruce) - the name of a real-life people who once became part of the Kazakh Khanate, and which was mentioned in the chronicles as a separate people, for example, Kypchaks, Uysuns, Naimans. However, one should not confuse the word El/ru(people) with words halyk(population, people, inhabitants of the country), ult(nation) and Bukhara halyk(common people, common people, Bukhara). The same ate/ru may be part of several Turkic peoples, and some ate/ru are also part of the Mongols, this circumstance is explained by the common origin of the Turkic and Mongolian peoples from the same tribes.

Ru - genus

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