What are the stories in literature? Genre story: features, history of development, examples

STORY. The term "R." in its genre meaning is usually applied to any small narrative prose. a literary work with a realistic coloring, containing a detailed and complete narrative about any particular ... ... Literary Encyclopedia

Story- STORY. In Russian literature, the designation of a more or less definite narrative genre under the subtitle "story" is approved relatively late. N. Gogol and Pushkin prefer the name "story", where we could say ... ... Dictionary of literary terms

See an anecdote, a book, a fairy tale based on stories ... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. under. ed. N. Abramova, M .: Russian dictionaries, 1999. anecdote story, book, fairy tale; narrative, description, history, epic, story, essay; parable ... Synonym dictionary

- [ask], story, husband. 1. Action according to Ch. tell tell (rare). “Tea drinking began, conversations, stories of provincial news.” Leskov. 2. Verbal description, presentation of some kind of events. Eyewitness account. "My story will be sad." ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

story- a, m. rasscasse f. Scorpio. Poppy. 1908. I got from a fisherman friend with half a bucket of red fish, according to the local story it is called, sea bug-eyed ruffs, in addition I took sea oily eel, and five heels of live spiny lobster. C. Black Real bouillabaisse. // Ch.… … Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

STORY, a small form of epic prose, correlated with the story as a more developed form of narration. Goes back to folklore genres (fairy tale, parable); how the genre became isolated in written literature; often indistinguishable from a novel, and from the 18th century. and essay. ... ... Modern Encyclopedia

A small form of epic prose, correlated with the story as a more extended form of narration. Goes back to folklore genres (fairy tale, parable); how the genre became isolated in written literature; often indistinguishable from a novel, and from the 18th century. and essay. Sometimes… … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

STORY, a, husband. 1. Small form of epic prose, a narrative work of small size. Storybook. 2. Verbal presentation of any n. events. R. eyewitness. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

A small form of epic prose, correlated with the story as a more extended form of narration. Goes back to folklore genres (fairy tale, parable); how the genre became isolated in written literature; often indistinguishable from the novel. A large explanatory dictionary on ... ... Encyclopedia of cultural studies

Time number. Jarg. they say Shuttle. About the implausible message. Smirnov 2002, 184. Stay on stories. Novg. Iron. Not getting what you want. NOSE 7, 29. Tell stories. Kar. Lie, tell lies. SRGC 5, 467 ... Big dictionary of Russian sayings

STORY- STORY. 1. Type of monologue speech, verbal presentation of which l. events, a story about what the speaker saw, heard or experienced. Wed lecture, report, speech, performance. 2. One of the verbal teaching methods (general didactic concept), ... ... A new dictionary of methodological terms and concepts (theory and practice of teaching languages)

Books

• Story - 86, The collection includes stories of Soviet writers published in periodicals in 1986 ... Category: Prose collections Publisher: Sovremennik,
• Story - 85, The collection includes stories of Russian Soviet writers, published in the periodicals of the Russian Federation in 1985 ... Category: Prose collections Publisher:

Story it designation of a small prose epic genre. So called "lyrical stories" approaching "poems in prose" ("First Love", 1930, I.A. Bunin), but they can be larger in volume and express broader issues. The words "story", "story", "narrative" initially had no genre meaning and were mostly synonymous. The word "story" retains the meaning of "narrative" or, in general, "the history of some event" later. With the growth in the volume of Russian short stories in the 1830s, the prerequisites for the genre separation of stories appeared. In the 1840s, V. G. Belinsky already separated the short story and essay as small genres from the novel and short story. But the difference between a story and a story was based not so much on the sign of the volume of the text, but on the degree of literary processing of the plot: the story was considered closer to reality that had not been creatively transformed. Since the 1830s, and especially since the second half of the 19th century, “stories from Russian history” have been circulating - a fictionalized presentation of historical episodes or biographies of famous people. These are the historical stories for the children of A.O. Ishimova, which deserved the approval of A.S. Pushkin, later - similar essays, also called stories, by A.N. Maikov A.S. Suvorin, N.S. Leskov, historians S.M. Solovyov, N.I. Kostomarova. But there were also stories that were only a stylization of an artless narrative, as a rule, with a narrator who verbally recounts some incident that actually took place or was presented by the author as such.

Belinsky saw in M.Yu. Lermontov's A Hero of Our Time three stories, obviously written by Pechorin, and two stories, i.e. the story of Bela, allegedly told orally by Maksim Maksimych and only then written down by an officer-traveler, and the psychological sketch "Maxim Maksimych" with a relatively undeveloped plot. A typical short story of the second half of the 19th century is Leskov's "Dumb Artist" (1883), subtitled "The Story at the Grave". The sign of volume was finally approved as a genre only by A.P. Chekhov, in whom the small and medium genres outwardly differ clearly, although not in terms of the volume of the plot: his story often covers, like stories, in fact, the story of a whole life (“The Man in the Case”, 1898, "Ionych", 1898, "Darling", 1899, "Bishop", 1902). The boundary between the story and the story is sometimes quite vague even among the writers of the Silver Age (L.N. Andreev). In Soviet literature, there were works of a small volume with a setting for a very broad content: stories or a short story by A.G. Malyshkin "The Fall of the Daire" (1923) - the same attempt to revive the heroic epic, like A.S. Serafimovich's story "The Iron Stream" ( 1924). The story “The Fate of a Man” (1956) by M.A. Sholokhov was called by literary critic L.G. Yakimenko “an epic story”. In the 20th century, the classic of short stories was Bunin; I.E. Babel, K.G. Paustovsky, V.M. Shukshin, Yu.P. Kazakov, satirists and humorists Teffi, A.T.

In the West, the story corresponds to the short story. It is considered a kind of story, characterized by a sharp, often paradoxical plot, compositional refinement, and lack of descriptiveness. The genre developed in Italy during the Renaissance. One hundred short stories include "The Decameron" (1350-53) by G. Boccaccio. Short stories were written by Margarita of Navarre, M. Cervantes and others. Recognized masters of the genre in the 19th century - E.T.A. , Bret Hart, J. London, S. Zweig. In English, the term "story" is synonymous with the concept of "short story".

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This genre is written for both children and adults. They differ from each other also by belonging to one or another literary movement. More about what a story is, what characteristic features this genre has, is described in today's article.

Structure

What story can be read in half an hour? Almost anyone. The story is small. Its structure is quite simple. The story consists of a beginning, a climax and a denouement. Representatives of romanticism, a trend that developed in the 19th century, preferred an unexpected ending. But many critics call their works differently - short stories, which, however, in many languages ​​is consonant with the word "story".

Novella and short story

What do these genres have in common? There are few differences between them, but some literary critics believe that the story is more psychological, unlike the short story. In terms of genre features, it is closer to the essay. In the novel, the plot plays a major role.

What are the stories in Russian literature that have a deep psychological content? These are the works of Chekhov, Bunin, Andreev. It is enough to read some story by one of these authors to understand how this genre differs from the short story, the unsurpassed master of which, by the way, Prosper Merimee is recognized. Each work of the French prose writer ends unexpectedly. In the stories of Chekhov, Bunin, one rarely finds unexpected plot twists.

A striking example of a classic story is "The Tale of the Seven Hanged Men" by Leonid Andreev. The reader already knows from the title what fate awaits the heroes. In this work, the main thing is not the plot, but the psychological portraits of the characters.

Tale or story

Until the middle of the 19th century, Russian writers saw no boundaries between these genres. For example, Gogol called the work "The Overcoat" a story. Whereas, according to modern literary terminology, this is more of a short story: a small volume, only a few characters, an unexpected ending. The story tells about a number of events. Such a work covers a significant time period. The story, unlike the short story or short story, is more leisurely, calm.

Almost any prose work by Edgar Allan Poe can be read in less than an hour. It will take the same amount of time to get acquainted with one of the stories of HG Wells. However, the distinction between the story and the story according to the criterion of volume is still conditional. So, "One day of Ivan Denisovich" - - is considered to be a story. But in terms of volume, it is more consistent with the story.

Romantic writers' stories

Above, it was described in detail how the short story differs from the story. Some literary scholars believe that these are different genres, however, in many languages ​​there is only one term for a work of small prose. The first short stories appeared in Germany in the era of romanticism, that is, in the 19th century. A striking example - But the typical stories in the modern sense are not "Little Tsakhes", but the lesser-known "Sandman", Mademoiselle de Scudery. Other representatives of this genre are Kleist, Tik, Chamisso.

Russian novella

The famous representative of this genre is Alexander Pushkin. A collection of his works called Belkin's Tales is nothing more than a collection of classic short stories. In the 19th century, followers of the German writer Hoffmann appeared in Russia. These are Odoevsky, Pogorelsky, Field. Hoffmann had a huge influence on the work of Nikolai Gogol. Examples of Russian romantic short stories are the works "Viy", "Terrible Revenge", "Nose", "Portrait". The American writer Washington Irving made a huge contribution to the development of this genre. "Sleepy Hollow" is called a fairy tale for adults. This work became an example of a romantic novel.