What are five options for the names of the fairy tale princess frog. Start in science

1. Did you like the fairy tale? What genre of fairy tales does it belong to (magic, everyday life, fairy tales about animals)? What features of the folk tale did you find in it (saying, beginning, ending, repetitions, constant epithets)? Give examples from the text.
2. Who are the main characters? Why is the fairy tale called "The Frog Princess", although she is not the only heroine of this fairy tale?

1. How do the tasks of Tsar Vasilisa the Wise and the wives of senior princes perform? Tell about it. How does the king evaluate their work? Try to tell close to the text the episode when the frog princess comes to the feast. What was the feast like?
2. It is known that this tale has more than 20 variants, which means that it has been improved and it is not for nothing that it is considered one of the best folk tales. Try to find examples of a special kind of fairy tale. Here is one of them: a description of the work of the frog princess - rhythmic, folding, like a poem:

   Where it pricks with a needle once - a flower will bloom,
   where it pricks another time - tricky patterns go,
   where the third pricks - the birds fly ...

   What version of this story do you know? What differences did you notice in them?

3. A fairy tale is an entertaining story about extraordinary events and adventures. What extraordinary events and adventures are associated with the heroes of the fairy tale "The Frog Princess"? Who helped Ivan Tsarevich? Why? Why was Koschei the Deathless angry at Vasilisa the Wise and ordered her to be a frog for three years?
4. Why was the path of Ivan Tsarevich to the frog princess so long and difficult? What did the narrator mean by this? Who helped Ivan Tsarevich? Tell us about wonderful helpers.

Literature and fine arts

Compare illustrations by different artists for the fairy tale "The Frog Princess", for example, the illustration by I. Ya. Bilibin and the painting "Feast" by V. M. Vasnetsov (see Bilibin's illustration in a book of fairy tales or on the Internet). Which of them seem to you the closest to the text of the read fairy tale? Make your own drawings for the fairy tale (portraits of heroes, the path of the main character in search of Vasilisa the Wise, a feast, etc.).

Prepare the rendering of a fairy tale using the beginning, ending, repetitions, constant epithets.

1. Why do you think the fairy tale "The Frog Princess" is considered magical? Justify your answer by retelling several episodes of the fairy tale.
2. Why do you think the heroine of the fairy tale is called Vasilisa the Wise?
3. Prepare a retelling of the tale on behalf of Ivan Tsarevich, while trying to convey the feelings, mood of the protagonist in various episodes of the tale.

We enrich our speech

When preparing a retelling, or, as we say, rendering, a fairy tale, let's pay attention to the beginning, its special melodious pronunciation (“In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived a tsar, and he had three sons. The youngest was called Ivan Tsarevich .. .”), the king’s decision to marry his children, the sons’ unquestioning obedience to the father’s decision, and finally, advice on how to find their brides (“Where the arrow falls, marry there”, that is, advice not to argue with fate, trust her).

Repetitions are very important when saying: an arrow flew three times, the king gave a task to his daughters-in-law three times and evaluated their work three times.

The fairy tale conveys folk morality: the good work of Vasilisa the Wise is evaluated in the way that her people would appreciate (“This carpet in my room on big holidays to lay!”, “This bread is only on big holidays!”); the frog princess protects her husband from sorrows and sorrows (“Do not grieve, Ivan Tsarevich! Lie down better to sleep and rest: the morning is wiser than the evening!”).

There are a lot of old folk words and expressions in the fairy tale (bake bread, wondered, baked by tomorrow, intricate patterns, never seen anything like it, neither in a fairy tale, nor with a pen to describe, calling mothers, how can I not be twisted, said, returned, etc.). etc.), they should be included in the retelling.

Music, poetic rhythm are heard in the description of the work of the frog princess. Read the lines expressively. Try to convey this rhythm while reading.

She took frequent sieves, fine sieves,
sifted wheat flour
kneaded white dough
baked a loaf - loose and soft,
decorated with different tricky patterns:
on the sides - cities with palaces, gardens and towers,
above - flying birds,
below - roaring animals.

Heroes of folk tales in the assessment of writers

Prepare stories about Vasilisa the Wise and Ivan Tsarevich.

At the same time, use the statement that M. Gorky, speaking of folklore, cites as characteristics of the two main characters of Russian folk tales: “Majestic simplicity, contempt for posture, soft pride in oneself, a remarkable mind and a deep heart full of inexhaustible love, a calm readiness to sacrifice oneself for the sake of the triumph of your dream - here are the spiritual data of Vasilisa the Wise, magnificently and lovingly outlined by the old masters of image and word ... "

Do you agree with this assessment? What can you tell about Vasilisa the Wise (how she works, how she treats Ivan Tsarevich)?

“The hero of folklore is a“ fool ”, despised even by his father and brothers, always turns out to be smarter than them, always the winner of all worldly hardships, just as Vasilisa the Wise overcomes them.”

This assessment of M. Gorky refers to the main characters of many Russian folk tales. What of this assessment can be attributed to Ivan Tsarevich from the fairy tale "The Frog Princess"? Prepare your hero story. Remember how he evaluates the work of Vasilisa the Wise, what difficulties he overcomes along the way, what traits of his character are revealed.

It is known that this fairy tale The Frog Princess has more than 20 variants, which means that it has been improved and it is not for nothing that it is considered one of the best folk tales. Try to find examples of a special kind of fairy tale. Here is one of them: a description of the work of the frog princess - rhythmic, folding, like a poem:
Where it pricks with a needle once - the flower will bloom, where it pricks another time - cunning patterns go, where it pricks the third - birds fly ...
What version of this story do you know? What differences did you notice in them?

Answers:

In the parable "The Frog Princess" there is an inner rhythm. For example, a passage about a ball can be written like this: A ball rolls over the highest mountains, rolls through dark forests, rolls through greenish meadows, rolls through marshy swamps, rolls through deaf places ... The words about how the prince found the needle convey the speed of action : The prince was delighted, broke the testicle, took out the needle and broke off the tip from it. A variant of the fairy tale is known, the text of which was prepared for publication by V. Anikin. This option basically coincides with what is given in the textbook. But there are small differences. The frog greets Ivan a little differently when he returns home after his father's cry: “Kwa, qua, Ivan Tsarevich, why are you spinning? Or did you hear an unfriendly word from the priest?” At first, the ruler asks the daughters-in-law to sew a shirt, and later to bake bread. Vasilisa calls for help from mothers and nannies. When describing the feast, there are no words "music" and "dance", it is said that "the time has come to dance." The princess turned not into a snow-white swan, but into a grayish cuckoo. Anikin's version does not mention steel boots and steel loaves. Ivan Tsarevich sees on the oak not a casket, but a wrought chest. The beginnings and endings of these tales are told in different ways.

It is known that this tale has more than 20 variants, which means that it has been improved and it is not for nothing that it is considered one of the best folk tales. Try to find examples of a special kind of fairy tale. Here is one of them: a description of the work of the frog princess - rhythmic, folding, like a poem:

Where it pricks with a needle once - a flower will bloom,
where it pricks another time - tricky patterns go,
where the third pricks - the birds fly ...

What version of this story do you know? What differences did you notice in them?

Answer

In the fairy tale "The Frog Princess" one can feel the inner rhythm. For example, the passage about the glomerulus could be written like this:

A ball rolls over high mountains,
A ball rolls through the dark forests,
A ball rolls on green meadows,
A ball rolls through the marshy swamps,
A ball is rolling in deaf places ...

The words about how the prince found the needle convey the speed of action:

The prince rejoiced
Broke an egg
Got the needle
And broke off the end of it.

A variant of the fairy tale is known, the text of which was prepared for publication by V. Anikin. This option is basically the same as that given in the textbook. But there are small differences.

The frog greets Ivan a little differently when he returns home after his father's orders: “Kwa, qua, Ivan Tsarevich, why are you twisted? Or did you hear an unfriendly word from the priest?

First, the king asks his daughters-in-law to sew a shirt, and then bake bread. Vasilisa calls for help from mothers and nannies.

When describing the feast, there are no words "music" and "dance", it is said that "the time has come to dance." The princess turned not into a white swan, but into a gray cuckoo.

V. Anikin's version does not mention iron boots and iron loaves. Ivan Tsarevich sees not a casket on the oak, but a wrought chest.

The beginnings and endings of these tales are told in different ways.

(P. Timofeev. Russian Tales (1787))

In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived a king, and that king had no wife; but he had three favorites, from whom he received a son each. The king was very happy about this and made a great feast for all the ministers. Then he gave them to bring up with great zeal. And as all three of his children had already ascended to perfect age, the king loved them all equally, both one and the other, and did not know which of them to entrust the government of the state instead of himself. But their mothers did not live according to each other, for everyone wanted her son to be an heir. The king, seeing their disagreement, did not know how to make them agree.

Finally, the king thought up, and called all three sons to him, and said to them: “Dearest children! You are now all at an age, then it's time for you to think about brides. His children answered: “Our gracious sovereign, our father! We are at your command, and whatever you order us, we will do.” Then the king said to them: “Dear children, make yourself an arrow and inscribe an inscription on them; go out of the city into the protected meadows and shoot in different directions; whose arrow will fly in which direction, in which city and in whose house - in the ministerial or general's, then that is the bride, and that city is given into full possession of that. The children, having heard everything from him and being very pleased with his invention, made themselves an arrow and inscribed an inscription.

And after they were completely ripe, they went out into the reserved meadow, and first the big brother shot in the right side, the middle one in the left, and the smaller brother, who was called Ivan the Bogatyr, shot his arrow straight; but she flew away. After that, all the brothers went to their father and told him, in which direction he shot his arrow. The father, having heard from them, ordered them to go in search of their arrows. And so the children went in different directions. The big brother found his arrow from a minister in the house, who had a daughter of great beauty, and the prince took her and took her to his father. The middle brother found his arrow in the house of a general who had a daughter, also beautiful, and the prince took her and took her to the king, his father. And as soon as the two princes arrived, the king celebrated their weddings with great triumph.

But his younger son could not find his arrow, and was extremely sad, and set his intention not to return to his father until he found his arrow. And he walked for two days through forests and mountains, and on the third day he went into the greatest swamp. And as he walked through that swamp in the distance, he began to get stuck. Ivan the Bogatyr, seeing such a danger, did not know what to do, and began to look in all directions, where it would be better for him to get out of that swamp. Finally, he saw a small hut made of reeds, was very surprised and said to himself: “Of course, some hermit or shepherd lives here, who has fallen behind his flock.” And to make sure for sure, he began to quietly approach that hut. And as he approached and looked into that hut, he saw in it a very large frog, which held his arrow in its mouth. Ivan the hero, seeing the frog, wanted to run away from the hut and retreat from his arrow, but the frog shouted: “Kva, kva, Ivan the hero, come up to me in the hut and take your arrow.” Ivan the Bogatyr was very frightened and did not know what to do, but the frog told him: “If you don’t go up to my hut, you won’t get out of this swamp forever.” Ivan the Bogatyr answered her that he could not enter the hut, because he could not get through for the smallness of the hut. The frog, without saying a word to him, rolled over, and at that very moment a painted arbor turned into a hut. Ivan the Bogatyr, seeing this, was very surprised and was forced to go into that gazebo in which he saw a rich sofa and sat down on it. The frog immediately told him: “I know, Ivan the Bogatyr, that you need food, because you haven’t eaten for the third day” (which really happened, because as he was looking for his arrow, he didn’t eat all three days). The frog immediately turned somersaults, and at that very moment they brought a table with all kinds of food and drinks. Ivan the Bogatyr sat down at the table, and the frog sat on the ground all the time he ate. Then, as he got up from the table, the frog again turned somersaults, and at that hour the table was carried out. After that, the frog said: “Listen, Ivan the Bogatyr, your arrow hit me, then you should marry me.”

Ivan the Bogatyr became very sad and thought to himself: “How can I take a frog for myself; no, I’d rather tell her that I can’t take her for myself.” But the frog said: "If you do not marry me, then I assure you that you will never leave this swamp." Ivan the Bogatyr became sadder than before and did not know what to do. Finally, he decided to deceive her and told her: “Listen, frog, I will marry you, just give me the arrow in advance, and I will take it to my father and say that my arrow hit you.” But the frog said: “No, you are deceiving me and you want to take an arrow from me, and therefore you will not come. But I assure you that if you do not take me for yourself, then you will not leave this arbor. Ivan the Bogatyr was frightened and thought to himself: “Of course, this frog is some kind of sorceress, moreover, he didn’t know what to do. “When I’m already so unhappy that my arrow hit her, then it’s already so be it, what to take her for myself.” Finally, he told the frog that he agreed to take her for himself. And as soon as he spoke these words, the frog took off that skin and became a great beauty. Then she said: “Here, dear Ivan the Bogatyr, what I am, but that I wear frog skin on myself, it will only be during the day, and at night I will always be the way you see me now.” Ivan the Bogatyr, seeing such a beauty in front of him, was very happy and confirmed to her with an oath that he would take her for himself.

After that, they talked among themselves for a long time, and then she said to him: “Now it’s time for you to go to the palace, and I will turn into a frog again, and you take me and carry me with you.” After that she put on that frog skin and became a frog. Ivan the hero saw an old box in the arbor, and, having planted a frog in it, he left the arbor and went to his state. And as he came to the city, and then to the palace, the king, seeing him, was very glad about his return. And as Ivan the Bogatyr entered the chambers, the king asked him about the arrow, but his son answered him with a sad look: “My dear sir, my father! My arrow hit the frog, which I brought at your command. For you ordered that each of us, upon finding his arrow, would bring you his bride, then I brought my frog. His brothers and daughters-in-law began to laugh at him, and the king began to persuade him to leave the frog and take the general's or minister's daughter. The daughters-in-law began to introduce him - one of her niece, and the other of her relative. But Ivan the Bogatyr asked his father to let him marry a frog. And as the king could not persuade him, he allowed it. And as the day came on which Ivan the Bogatyr was to marry, he rode in a carriage, and the frog was carried on a golden platter to the palace. After Ivan the Bogatyr ate in the palace and went to his rooms, and as night fell, the frog took off his skin and became a beauty; and when the day came, she became a frog again. Ivan the Bogatyr lived happily with his frog for some time and was not in the least upset that his wife was a frog during the day.

After that, long after their marriage, one day the king ordered all the sons to come to him. And when his children came, he said to them: “Dear children! Now all three of you are married, then I wish to wear out from your wives, and my daughters-in-law on a shirt, and so that they will be in time by tomorrow. Then the king gave them each a piece of linen. The children took the linen from him, and everyone carried it to his wife. The big brothers of Ivan the Bogatyr brought the canvas to their wives and said: “Batiushka ordered you to sew a shirt from this canvas, and so that they would be in time by tomorrow.” Their wives accepted the canvas and began to call nannies, mothers and red hay girls to help them sew a shirt. Immediately their nannies and mothers ran up and began to make: one cut, and one sewed. And meanwhile they sent a black-haired girl to the frog to see how she would sew a shirt. And as the girl came to Ivan the Bogatyr in the rooms, at that time he brought the canvas and, being very sad, laid it on the table.

The frog, seeing him sad, said: “Why are you, Ivan the Bogatyr, so sad?” And he answered her: “How can I not be sad: the father ordered to sew a shirt from this linen, and so that it would be in time by tomorrow.” The frog, having heard from him, said: “Do not cry, do not grieve, Ivan the hero, lie down and sleep, the morning is wiser than the evening, everything will be fine.”

After that, the frog grabbed the scissors and cut the whole canvas into small pieces, then opened the window, threw it into the wind and said: “Wild winds! Spread the patches and sew a shirt for your father-in-law.” The black-haired girl came to her daughters-in-law and said: “Ah, gracious sovereigns! The frog cut the whole canvas into small shreds and threw it out the window. The daughters-in-law laughed at the frog in absentia and said: “Her husband will bring something to the king tomorrow.” Then they began to sew their shirts; and as that day passed and Ivan the Bogatyr got up, the frog gave him a shirt and said: “Here, dear Ivan the Bogatyr, take the shirt to your father.” And as Ivan the Bogatyr took the shirt and carried it to his father, soon after him the brothers brought their shirts. And as soon as the king woke up, all three of his children entered, and first the big brother brought a shirt to his father, and the king looked at her and said: "This shirt is sewn in the way they usually sew." Then he looked at another son's shirt and said that this one was sewn no better than that one. And when the younger son gave him his shirt, the king could not be surprised enough, for not a single seam could be found, and said: “Give me this shirt on the most solemn holidays, and serve those two shirts along with others.”

Then, after some time, he called his sons to him and said to them: “Dear children! I want to know if your wives know how to sew with gold and silver, and for this, here is silver, gold and silk for you, and so that a carpet is made from this and would ripen by tomorrow. The children accepted gold, silver and silk from him, and the brothers of Ivan the Bogatyr took them to their wives and said that they should embroider the carpet by tomorrow. Their wives began to call on nannies and mothers and hay red girls to help them embroider carpets. Immediately the girls came and began to embroider carpets, some with gold, some with silver, and some with silk. In the meantime, they sent a black-haired girl to see what the frog was doing. The black girl, on their orders, went to the rooms of Ivan the Bogatyr; at that time he brought from his father the gold, silver and silk given to him for the carpet, and was very sad. The frog, sitting on a chair, said: “Kwa, kva, kva, Ivan the Bogatyr, why are you so sad?” Ivan the Bogatyr answered her: “How can I not be sad; the priest ordered to make a carpet out of this silver, gold and silk, and so that it would be ripe by tomorrow. The frog said: “Don’t cry, don’t grieve, Ivan the Bogatyr, go to bed, the morning is wiser than the evening.” After that, the frog took scissors, cut all the silk, tore silver and gold, and threw it out the window and said: “Wild winds! Bring me the carpet with which my father used to cover my windows. Then the frog slammed the window and sat down again on the chair. The black-haired girl who was sent from those two daughters-in-law, seeing that there was nothing else, went and said: “Ah! Gracious ladies, I don't know why the frog is being praised; she does not know how to do anything, and given for the carpet to Ivan the Bogatyr, she cut everything, tore it up and threw it out the window, moreover, she said that the winds would bring her the carpet with which her father closed the windows. The daughters-in-law, after hearing everything from the black-haired girl, decided to do it themselves, because they knew that, according to her, the winds sewed her a shirt, they thought that the winds would be just as obedient to them as to a frog, and they would embroider them on carpet. Then they took gold, silver and silk, cut it up, tore it up and threw it out the window, shouting: “Wild winds! Bring us those carpets with which the priests covered our windows. After that they closed the windows, sat down and waited for the carpets.

But how they waited for a long time, and seeing that the winds did not carry their carpets, they were forced to send to the city to buy gold, silver and silk. And as they brought it, both daughters-in-law sat down and called the girls and began to embroider, one with silk, one with silver, and one with gold. And as that day passed, and the next day, Ivan the Bogatyr, as soon as he got up, the frog gave him a carpet and said: “Take it, Ivan the Bogatyr, and take it to your father.” Ivan the Bogatyr took the carpet, carried it to the palace and waited for his brothers, for their carpets had not yet ripened. But as they were finished, then his brothers brought their carpets. And as the king woke up, the children entered with their carpets, and the king first received from his big son and, looking, said: “This carpet is suitable to cover horses in rain.” Then he looked at his middle son’s carpet and said: “This carpet should be laid in the front room, and so that those who come to the palace wipe their feet on it.” Then he accepted a carpet from his younger son, Ivan the Bogatyr, and, looking at him, was very surprised, and said: “This carpet must be laid on my table on the most solemn days.” Then he ordered Ivan the Bogatyr to hide and take care of the carpet, and he gave those carpets back to Ivan the Bogatyr to his brothers and said: “Take your carpets to the wives and tell them to take care of them for themselves.”

After that, the king said to all the children: "Now, dear children, I want to have bread baked by their hands, and so that they will be ripe by tomorrow." The children, having heard from the king, went to their chambers, and the two brothers of Ivan the Bogatyr, having come to the chambers of their wives, said that the king ordered them to bake bread for tomorrow. And when they heard from their husbands, they sent a black-haired girl to the frog to see how she would do. The black-haired girl came at their order to the rooms of Ivan the hero, and at that time Ivan the hero came to his rooms very sad that, seeing, the frog said: “Kwa, kva, kva, Ivan the hero, why are you so sad?” Ivan the Bogatyr answered her: “How can I not be sad, frog: the father ordered that you bake bread, then who will bake instead of you?” When the frog heard it, it said: “Don’t cry and don’t grieve, Ivan the Bogatyr, I will do everything.” Then she ordered to bring flour, sourdough and water; and as everything was brought, then the frog poured flour into the kneader, and then poured water and dissolved the solution, and poured it into a cold oven, and covered it with a damper, and said: “Bake, bread, clean, loose and white as snow.”

After that, the frog sat on a chair, and the black-haired girl looked out for everything, went back to her daughters-in-law, and when she arrived, she said: “Dear madams, I don’t know why the king praises the frog, she doesn’t know how to do anything.” Then the black-haired girl told what the frog was doing; and after listening to everything, they decided to do it themselves, like the frog, and ordered to bring flour, kneading pot and water; and when everything was brought, each poured it into its own bowl, diluted it with cold water, poured it into cold ovens, then closed the oven doors and said that their bread would be baked clean, loose and white as snow. But as soon as they dissolved it in cold water, and, moreover, poured it into cold ovens, their solutions spread over the ovens, which, seeing, they ordered flour to be brought again, and dissolved already in hot water, and ordered to heat the stoves, and planted their bread. But as they were in a hurry, one of them burned all the bread, and the other was completely raw; the frog took his bread out of the oven and is clean, and loose, and white as snow. Ivan the Bogatyr took bread from the frog and carried it to his father. Then the brothers also came and brought their loaves, and as soon as the king got up, they entered with their loaves. The king, having accepted bread from his big son and looking at him, said: "This bread can be eaten by people only from need." Then he received bread from the middle son and, looking at him, said: “This bread is also not good.” Then he accepted bread from the younger son and, looking at it, said: “Serve this bread to my table when I have guests.” After that, turning to those two sons, he said to them: “It must be confessed, dear children, that although your wives are beautiful, they cannot be compared with a frog.”

Then he said: “Dear children! As your wives did everything that I ordered for me, then in gratitude to them I ask you to bring them to my palace to eat tomorrow.

In the same way, he ordered Ivan the Bogatyr to bring his frog. After that, the children went to their rooms, and when Ivan the Bogatyr came, he became very sad and thought to himself: “How can I take her with me to the palace?” The frog, sitting on a chair, said: “Kva, kva, kva, Ivan the Bogatyr, what are you so sad about?” Ivan the Bogatyr answered: “How can I not be sad, the father ordered all of us tomorrow to come to his palace to eat with our wives, then how can I take you to the father?” To which the frog said: “Do not cry and do not grieve, Ivan the Bogatyr, the morning is wiser than the evening, lie down and sleep.” Ivan the Bogatyr didn’t say anything more, and the next day, as he began to get ready for the palace, the frog said: “If the king sees what a rich crew and goes to meet him himself, then you tell him:“ Don’t bother, father, this, they say, is dragging , know, my frog is in a box. After that, Ivan the Bogatyr got ready and went to the palace, and those two of her daughters-in-law sent the black girl again to see what the frog would wear. The black girl came into the rooms and watched what the frog was doing; at that time the frog opened the window and called out with a loud voice: “Oh, you violent winds! Fly to my state and tell them to come that rich front carriage with all the equipment and that there were those lackeys, haiduks, runners and horsemen who rode in the parade with my father. After that, the frog slammed the window and sat down on a chair. And suddenly the black-haired girl saw that a rich carriage had arrived, and with it came footmen, hayduks, runners and horsemen, and all were in rich clothes. And the black girl went to her daughters-in-law, and told them everything, and they, having heard from her, decided to do the same themselves, and opened the windows and began to shout: “Wild winds! Fly and tell them to come those rich front carriages and that there are those lackeys, haiduks, runners and horsemen who rode with our priests in the parade. After that they closed the windows and waited; but the winds did not listen to them, and their carriages did not move, seeing that they ordered their horses to be laid down and drove to the palace.

And as everyone had already gathered and were waiting for the frog, they suddenly saw that the horsemen were jumping, the runners were running; then a rich front carriage drove by. And as the king saw, he thought that some king or prince was coming, and he went to meet him himself. But Ivan the Bogatyr said: “Don’t work, father, and don’t go, this, you know, my frog is dragging in a box.” And as that carriage drove up to the porch, then the beautiful wife of Ivan the Bogatyr got out of the carriage, and as she went into the rooms, everyone was surprised, and the king was very happy to see his younger daughter-in-law.

After that, they sat down at the table and began to eat, then the frog, that it didn’t finish drinking, then poured it by the sleeve, that it didn’t finish it, then laid bones after another. What, seeing those two of her daughters-in-law, they also began to do the same, that they did not finish drinking, they poured it by the sleeve, and that they did not finish eating, they put the bones behind the other. Then, as they got up from the table, enormous music began to play, and the frog went to dance; and as she waved one sleeve, then suddenly it became a arshin of the height of the water in that hall, then, as she waved the other sleeve, geese and swans swam on the water, which, seeing, everyone could not marvel at her cunning. And as she danced, then all of it was gone.

Then those two daughters-in-law went to dance, and as they waved their sleeves, they poured water on everyone and splashed them, and then, as they waved their sleeves another time, they gouged everyone’s eyes with bones, that seeing, everyone began to laugh at them. And at that time Ivan the Bogatyr decided to burn his wife with his frog skin, thinking that if there was no skin, then it would remain the same as it was in the palace. And for this he pretended to be sick and went from the palace to his house. And as soon as he arrived, he went into the rooms and found a frog skin, immediately burned it. At that time his wife recognized him and pretended to be sick; went home, and as soon as she arrived, she rushed to look for her peel, and, not finding it anywhere, she said: “Well, Ivan the Bogatyr, when you couldn’t endure a short time, now look for me at distant lands in the distant kingdom, in the Sunflower state, and know that my name is Vasilisa the Wise.” After these words, she disappeared, and Ivan the Bogatyr wept inconsolably. Then he went to his father in the palace and told him about his misfortunes. The king, hearing from him, was very sorry for the loss of his daughter-in-law.

Ivan the Bogatyr told the king, his father, that he intended to go looking for his wife. The king did not rebuke him, and Ivan the Bogatyr went to look for her. And he walked, whether for a long time, whether for a short time, whether close, whether far, the fairy tale soon tells, and not soon the deed is done. Finally he came to the hut, which stood on chicken legs and turned around by itself. Ivan the Bogatyr said: "Hut, hut, stand with your back to the forest, and in front of me." And according to his speeches, the hut stopped, Ivan the Bogatyr went into the hut and saw that Baba Yaga was sitting and saying in an angry voice: “Before the Russian spirit has not been heard or seen, but now the Russian spirit is manifested in the eyes.” Then she asked him: “What are you, Ivan the Bogatyr, willingly or not?” Ivan the Bogatyr answered that as much as he would, but twice as much as he did not. Then he told me what he was looking for. Then Baba Yaga said: “I feel sorry for you, Ivan the Bogatyr, if you please, I will serve you and show you your wife, because she flies to me every day to rest. Just watch how she rests, then at that time you try to catch her by the head, and as soon as you catch her, she will begin to turn into a frog, a toad and a snake and other reptiles, then you don’t lower everything, and finally she will turn into an arrow, then you take that arrow and break it on your knee: then it will be forever yours.

Ivan the Bogatyr thanked her for her guidance. After that, Baba Yaga hid Ivan the Bogatyr, and as soon as she managed to hide him, Vasilisa the Wise flew to her. Ivan the Bogatyr left that place and quietly approached Vasilisa the Wise and grabbed her by the head, seeing that she began to turn into a frog, a toad, and then a snake. And Ivan the Bogatyr was frightened and lowered. Then Vasilisa the Wise disappeared at the same moment, and Baba Yaga told him: “When you couldn’t hold her, then go to my sister, to whom she flies to rest.”

Ivan the Bogatyr went away from her and was very sorry that he had missed Vasilisa the Wise, and walked for a long time, finally came to the hut, which stood on chicken legs, turned around by itself. Ivan the Bogatyr said to the hut: "Hut, hut, stand with your back to the forest, and in front of me." And as the hut stopped, Ivan the Bogatyr went into the hut and saw that Baba Yaga was sitting in the front corner and saying in an angry voice: “Before the Russian spirit has not been heard or seen by sight, but now the Russian spirit is manifested in the eyes.” Then she asked him: “What are you, Ivan the Bogatyr, willingly or not?” Ivan the bogatyr answered: "As much as I will, but twice as much as I will." And told her why he came. Baba Yaga, after hearing everything from him, said: “Listen, Ivan the Bogatyr, I assure you that you will see your wife here, just look and don’t put her down.” Then Baba Yaga hid it, and as soon as she managed to hide it, Vasilisa the Wise flew to her to rest. At that time, Ivan the Bogatyr came out and approached quietly to Vasilisa the Wise, grabbed her by the hand. Then she began to turn into various reptiles, then Ivan the Bogatyr held everything, and when Vasilisa the Wise turned into a snake, he was frightened and lowered her from his hands. As Ivan the Bogatyr put it down, Vasilisa the Wise disappeared at that very moment. Then Baba Yaga said: “Well, Ivan the Bogatyr, when you didn’t know how to hold her, then go now to our third sister, because she will already fly to her.”

Ivan the Bogatyr left her very sad, and he walked along the path, whether it was long, short, close, far, soon the fairy tale is told, and not soon the deed is done. Finally he came to the hut, which stood on chicken legs and turned around by itself. Ivan the Bogatyr said: "Hut, hut, stand with your back to the forest, and in front of me." The hut stopped, and Ivan the Bogatyr went into the hut and saw Baba Yaga sitting in the front corner, who said in a very angry voice: “Before the Russian spirit has not been heard or seen by sight, but now the Russian spirit is being made in the eyes.” Then she asked: “What are you, Ivan the Bogatyr, willingly or unwillingly?” Ivan the Bogatyr answered that as much as he would, but twice as much as he did not. Then he told her what he was looking for. And as Baba Yaga listened, she said: “Listen, Ivan the Bogatyr, your wife will fly to me this day to rest, then you catch her by the hand at that time, and as soon as you catch it, hold her tight and don’t let her go. Although it will turn into different reptiles, but you keep it and do not miss it, and when it turns into an arrow, then you take the arrow and break it in two, and then it will be forever yours. If you, Ivan the Bogatyr, lower it, then you will never get it. Ivan the Bogatyr thanked her for her guidance, and Baba Yaga hid him, and as soon as she managed to hide him, Vasilisa the Wise flew to her for rest. At that very time, Ivan the Bogatyr came out of the place where he was hidden, and approached quietly, grabbed Vasilisa the Wise by the hand, seeing that she began to turn around into a frog, a toad, a snake and other reptiles, but Ivan the Bogatyr did not let her go. out of hand. Seeing Vasilisa the Wise that there was no way she could free herself, she finally turned into an arrow, and Ivan the Bogatyr took the arrow and broke it in two. At that very moment, Vasilisa the Wise appeared before him and said: “Well, dear Ivan the Bogatyr, now I surrender to your will.” Ivan the Bogatyr, seeing her, was very happy, and he was escorted all day in great fun, and the next day Ivan the Bogatyr began to ask Vasilisa the Wise to his state, but she said: “Dear Ivan the Bogatyr, when I said that I surrendered into your will, then I am ready to go wherever you wish.

Then they began to consult on how they should ride and on what, because they did not have a single horse, which, seeing, Baba Yaga immediately gave them a flying carpet and said that “this carpet will carry you more than your horses, and you will no more fly to your state like three days. Ivan the Bogatyr and Vasilisa the Wise thanked her for the gift. After that, they spread the carpet and said goodbye to Baba Yaga, flew to their state, and after flying for three days, and on the fourth day, the carpet descended at their command directly to the palace. And Ivan the Bogatyr and Vasilisa the Wise went to the chambers. And as soon as the king heard about the return of his son and daughter-in-law, he was very happy, and he himself met them with great joy. And for their return, the king made a great feast, and after that he gave the rule of his kingdom to Ivan the Bogatyr and made him king instead of himself. And Ivan the Bogatyr made great fun in his palace, and his brothers and many ministers were at that fun. At the end of that fun, the brothers of Ivan the Bogatyr went to their homes, and Ivan the Bogatyr remained with his wife and ruled the kingdom after his father safely.

Lymar D.V. 1

Dyatkova L.N. 1 Novikova L.B. 2

1 Municipal budgetary educational institution "Secondary school No. 9 of the city of Lesosibirsk"

2 MBOU "Secondary School No. 9"

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Introduction

I have said and I repeat again and again: we can only approach the miracle with the help of numbers ...

Daniel Kelman

Among the books, the most amazing are fairy tales. They do not know the power of time.

I really enjoy reading them. And Russian folk, and author's, and fairy tales of different peoples - they are all instructive, carry something mysterious, magical, mysterious, they reflect the soul of a person, way of life, his faith, superstition. Reading the works of oral folk art, I noticed that in folklore texts: fairy tales, proverbs, riddles, etc., the presence of numbers is observed very often. Is it by chance? What is it connected with? While studying mathematics, I decided to once again return to Russian folk art, to explore the fairy tale for the use of numbers in it and numerical significance. Indeed, in a fairy tale, not only magic, there is a place for science in it. I decided to find out.

I became interested, so I chose the topic of my research: “One is a mystery, two is half a mystery, three is no mystery ... (mathematics in the Russian fairy tale “The Frog Princess”).” It is known that this tale has more than 20 variants, which means that it has been improved and it is not for nothing that it is considered one of the best folk tales.

The relevance of the chosen topic lies in the fact that numbers at all times are of great importance for the fate of people.

The subject of the study is the numbers found in the folk tale "The Frog Princess".

Purpose: to understand the role of numbers in Russian folk tales, what experience the people wanted to convey by passing folk tales from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation.

Track which numbers are more common in a work of oral folk art;

Analyze and summarize the data obtained.

The material for observation was the works of oral folk art.

Research methods:

search;

descriptive method (observation, generalization);

questioning;

systematization of the material; making a presentation.

Hypothesis: not any numbers are found in oral folk art, but those that have religious and everyday significance for people of that time.

Practical significance of the study : this material can be used both in mathematics lessons in primary and secondary grades, and in literature lessons when studying works of oral folk art and when studying the topic “Numbers” in Russian language lessons.

Main part

2.1 The frequency of the use of numbers in Russian folk tales

In order to analyze what numbers are used in fairy tales and what role they play, we conducted a survey (see Appendix 1) of 5th grade students (50 people were interviewed), re-read some fairy tales and compiled a table "Frequency of numbers in fairy tales" (see Appendix 2) and the diagram "Frequency of Numbers in Fairy Tales" (see Appendix 3).

Survey results

The following answers were received to the question “Name your favorite Russian folk tales”: “Kolobok” (25 people - 50%), “Teremok” (10 people - 20%), “The Frog Princess” (10 people - 20%), "The Wolf and the Seven Kids" (8 people - 16%), other fairy tales (single answers - 13 people - 26%).

To the question “Do you think the numbers that are used in fairy tales have a certain meaning? Which?" 25 people (50%) answered positively, 10 people (20%) gave a negative answer, 15 people (30%) found it difficult to answer. The guys tried to explain what meaning the numbers carry in fairy tales: “They add magic and sorcery to the story,” 12 people (24%) believe, “Hint at a happy outcome” - 4 people (8%), “They talk about misfortunes and troubles” - 2 people (4%), "Numbers are connected with real life (help to count heroes, young children learn to count)" - 5 people (10%)

To the question “What numbers did you most often meet in Russian folk tales?” various answers were received, the respondents named numbers from 1 to 13, 33, "far away" and "thirtieth". The leader of the survey was the number 3 (38 people - 76%), followed by the numbers 7 (30 people - 60%), 9 (15 people - 30%), 2 (13 people - 26%), "Far Away" and "Thirtieth "(10 people - 20%), 4 (7 people - 14%), 12 (6 people - 12%), 33 (5 people - 10%), 1 (4 people - 8%), 13 (1 person - 2%)

To the question “In mathematics, there are even and odd numbers. What are the most common in fairy tales? Why?" 34 people (68%) answered "Odd", 4 people (8%) - "Even", 1 person (2%) - "Equal", 11 people (22%) found it difficult to answer. Only 2 people (4%) managed to explain their point of view - "Unhappiness is associated with even numbers."

To the question “Do you think that the people deliberately chose the number of trials in fairy tales, the number of sons the king had? Why? What was the reason for this? 36 people (78%) gave a positive answer, 11 people (22%) gave a negative answer, 3 people (6%) found it difficult to answer. How the respondents tried to explain their positive answer: 14 people (28%) believe that the use of certain numbers is associated with magic and sorcery, 9 people (18%) suggest that with religion, because. there is an expression “God loves a trinity”, 3 people (6%) think that numbers add intrigue to the story, make it more interesting.

Based on the results of the survey, the following conclusions can be drawn:

Most often in fairy tales there are numbers 3, 7, 9, 2, "far away" and "thirtieth";

Most of the respondents believe that the choice of numbers in fairy tales is not accidental, although not everyone can substantiate their opinion.

2.2 Study of the fairy tale "The Frog Princess"

Rereading the fairy tale "The Frog Princess", I chose the moments where numbers are used:

In the old days, one king had three sons.

Triple actions: three brothers - three arrows were fired in three directions; played three weddings; three tests of the wives of princes.

The king ordered his three sons to come to him at the feast tomorrow with their wives.

Three times the frog princess repeats: "Do not be sad, Ivan Tsarevich, go to bed, the morning is wiser than the evening."

In the third task, Vasilisa the Wise had to come to the feast.

“I only waited three days, I would always be yours. Now goodbye. Look for me beyond distant lands, in the distant kingdom, at Koshchei the Deathless ... "

“As you wear out three pairs of iron boots, as you gnaw through three iron loaves, only then will you find me…”

Koschey ordered Vasilisa the Wise to be a frog for three years.

How long did he walk, how short, how close, how far - soon the fairy tale is told, but not soon the deed is done - he wore out two pairs of iron boots, gnawed two iron loaves, set to work on the third.

Walked, walked, wore out the third pair of iron boots, gnawed the third iron bread and came to a dense forest. Ivan - the prince comes across a bear, a drake, a hare, a pike-fish, a hut, a baba-yaga - seven meetings before the main test.

On the ninth brick lies Baba Yaga.

Bowed on four sides.

“His death is at the end of a needle, that needle is in an egg, that egg is in a duck, that duck is in a hare, that hare is in a wrought-iron box, and that box is on top of an old oak. And that oak grows in a dense forest. Seven items before the death of Koshchei.

2.3 Secrets of numbers

Mysterious number 3

Our study showed that in the fairy tale "The Frog Princess" the number 3 is the most common. In the tale, the story begins with the fact that the king had three sons. Moreover, the third son is special! When we meet in a fairy tale with three sons, then most likely such a beginning tells us that all the main events will unfold around the third hero, who will eventually come out of all troubles with brilliance.

What significance did people attach to the number 3?

When people first started inventing numbers, four words were enough for them to count: one, two, three and many. For a long time, the number 3 was the counting limit for many peoples, it was considered magical in ancient times, and because it was made up of the sum of the previous numbers (1 + 2 = 3).

The very observation of natural phenomena suggested the special significance of this number. People everywhere met or thought they met, division by three. They saw that the universe was made up of sky, earth, and water; before them stood the heavenly bodies: the sun, the moon and the stars; in bodies they observed three dimensions: length, width and height; three states of matter in nature: solid, liquid, gaseous; in time: past, present and future.

Since the religion of the ancients was connected with the phenomena of nature, they made the division by three the basis of their theoretical systems, and this number received the meaning of the sacred. The number 3 has entered the Christian religion, believers represent God in the form of a trinity: Father - Son - Holy Spirit. It is curious that the number "three" was considered not only as lucky (the expression "God loves a trinity" is known), but also as unlucky ("cursed").

The number three appears in almost every fairy tale. Very often you can find in Russian legends three wishes, three attempts, three from a casket, a stone by three roads, three heads by a monster. We also meet with the number three, when the fairy-tale hero is faced with the choice of three paths, and the third path is the most dangerous, difficult, and the main character always chooses the most thorny path, which promises not only great dangers, but also great rewards. Choosing the most dangerous path, the hero makes the right choice, because in order to achieve the best result, to turn his experience into real wisdom, you need to pass all the tests.

About the number 9 and "beyond distant lands, in the thirtieth kingdom ..."

The number 9 is in direct connection and dependence on the number 3. Sometimes it is thought of as the number 3, only in an enhanced form: 9 = 3x3. Numbers 3 and 9 found special application in domestic relations. For example, at feasts there was a rule - to drink 3 bowls or 9, but never 4 or 5.

From 3 x 3 \u003d 9, a step is taken to 3 x 9 \u003d 27. This number also has magical powers, for example, the famous fairy tale "far away" comes from it.

“For far away lands, in the farthest kingdom…” This is how fairy tales begin. In most fairy tales, these words are used as a common and familiar proverb. But not everyone knows that this is a kind of determination of the distance to the place where the events took place. And to be more precise, how much time will it take to get there. Far Far Away is nothing but the number 27 (3 x 9 = 27). So many days according to the ancient calendar, the duration of the lunar month. That is, you need to walk for the same number of days.

But the expression "thirtieth state" came from the peasants, who could only count up to ten. Three times ten is so far away that it is simply unrealistic to get there. For our ancestors, these places were considered inaccessible. It turns out that the numbers 27 and 30 are the limit beyond which miracles live and occur.

lucky number 7

No less magical number is the number 7. In the fairy tale "The Frog Princess" it is clearly not found, but the number of animals and the number of objects before Koshchei's death is seven. What is the magic of the number 7?

Seven is the number of luck, a magical and sacred number that represents wisdom and secret knowledge. The number seven in many nations was considered a symbol of holiness.

Even in ancient times, the seven was considered a lucky number and was surrounded by great honor. Man perceived the world around him (light, smells, sounds, taste) through seven "holes" in his head (two eyes, two ears, two nostrils, mouth).

Approximately four thousand years ago, the ancient peoples located on the territory of modern Iraq already had the first astronomical knowledge. These peoples observed the movement of five planets in the starry sky, which, together with the Sun and the Moon, made up 7 heavenly bodies. Ancient scientists noticed that the lunar month is equal to 28 days, and divided it into four equal parts in order to dedicate each of the seven days to one of the seven deities - this is how the seven-day week arose.

Echoes of the veneration of this number have reached our days, when we use proverbs, sayings and phraseological units such as “Seven troubles - one answer”, “Seven do not expect one”, “Be in seventh heaven with happiness”, “Seven spans in the forehead ". This number is a symbol of the knowledge of truth, you need to measure it seven times in order to cut it once. There are 7 colors in the rainbow, 7 miracles in the world, 7 days in a week, 7 notes in music.

The number 7 is found in such fairy tales as: "The wolf and the seven kids" - "Once upon a time there was a goat with her seven kids in a beautiful house."

The fairy tale "Teremok" - seven animals settled in Teremok: a fly, a mosquito, a mouse, a frog, a hare, a fox, a wolf.

Even in fairy tales, the number seven is often mentioned - “behind seven doors, behind seven locks ...”, etc. Seven is more often used in the meaning - a lot.

In the Russian folk tale "The Frog Princess" - this number was not chosen by chance, because there were exactly seven items before the release of Vasilisa the Wise. The use of the number seven in a fairy tale immediately prepares us for the fact that no matter what events take place in a fairy tale, even the most inevitable, everything will certainly end well.

About even numbers

Even numbers 4, 6, 8 are rare in Russian folk tales. Most likely, the creators of fairy tales did not attach much importance to them and used them only as simple numbers to indicate quantity. Until now, since ancient times, people have been using the knowledge of the four cardinal points (north, south, east, west), and the calendar year is divided into four seasons: winter, spring, summer, autumn.

In the fairy tale "The Frog Princess" there is a mention that Ivan the Tsarevich bowed on four sides.

In the fairy tale "Gingerbread Man" - 4 characters were met by Gingerbread Man (hare, wolf, fox, bear).

In ancient times, the numbers 4 and 6 were considered the most unlucky. This sign has come to us since the time when the New Year was celebrated not on January 1st, but on September 1st. December and February were considered the 4th and 6th months, respectively. It is during these months that the largest and most strict church fasts fall. It was believed that even babies should not be fed. During this time, many children and adults died. Today, this sign is no longer relevant. But, nevertheless, in fairy tales, not very good events are associated with these figures. If a peasant in a fairy tale was asked 4 riddles and the answer must be given within four days, this is a disaster. The same goes for the six. Many princes who tried to save their bride from evil forces died on the sixth obstacle.

The even number 2 plays a more significant role in oral folk art.

It is found in proverbs and phraseological turns: “Mind is good, but two is better”, “Like two drops of water”, “Double-edged sword”. The number two symbolizes pairing, evenness, doubling. Embodies something transient, unstable, divisible. Also, the use of the number two is due to the fact that there are always two opposites in life: good and evil, black and white, light and darkness, wealth and poverty, etc., and many plots of fairy tales are based on opposition. And in fairy tales, the number two is most often found to denote the pairing of heroes, circumstances. Of the two heroes, one gets into trouble, and the other saves him. Their meeting is a happy ending.

Conclusion

Thus, our study shows that in Russian fairy tales, the numbers 3, 9, 7, “far away”, “thirtieth” are most often found.

Three is a very powerful number that greatly influences our lives. The most important thought contained in the number three: do not give up if something does not work the first time. You should think and try again. No wonder they say that God loves the Trinity, it didn’t work out once, which means it will definitely work out again. And if not the second, then the third time. Maybe that's why the Russian people became famous for their stamina, their strong spirit, which nothing can break! The number nine is a triple multiplied by a triple - harmony squared - almost perfection! And the Far Far Away kingdom is a kingdom in which everything must be harmonious! The happy end of the fairy tale "The Frog Princess" tells us exactly this: "And they began to live together, in love and harmony."

The number seven, which almost always denotes positive moments in people's lives, was considered a symbol of holiness among many peoples, it is not only a holy number, but also a symbol of reason. It is interesting to note that our memory retains only up to seven different impressions or objects particularly well.

Even numbers - two, four, six, eight - are much less common in oral folk art. It has to do with superstition. The number 2 most often denotes quantity and is important in contrast.

Summing up, we can say that Russian folk tales are riddled with numbers. The presence of numbers is observed everywhere, they act as sacred (religious) and deeply symbolic, just as the choice of numerals in fairy tales is based on the popular idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe meaning of numbers. Numbers play an important role in a literary text, and their study helps to penetrate into the thought laid down by the people, to better understand the history of their people.

Thus, our hypothesis that not all numbers are found in oral folk art, but those that have religious and everyday significance for people of that time, was confirmed.

“- I don’t know how you can sit all day and look at the numbers.

Yes, if you look at them as simple numbers, they really look dry. But there are people behind them. They reflect the world they live in, what they need, and how their community lives. It's amazing how much you can learn from the numbers. It's the only thing in life that makes sense. As Pythagoras said, "numbers rule the world" (From the film "Population 436")

Bibliography

Dal V.I. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language / Comp. Shakhmatova N.V. St. Petersburg: ID Ves, 2004. 1678 p.

Literature. Grade 5 Proc. for general education organizations. In 2 parts / V.Ya. Korovina, V.P. Zhuravlev, V.I. Korovin. - 5th ed. - M.: Education, 2015. - 303 p. : ill.

Mathematics: Grade 5: a textbook for students of educational organizations / A.G. Merzlyak, V.B. Polonsky, M.S. Yakir. - M.: Ventana-Graf, 2014 -304s.: ill.

Panov V.F. Mathematics is old and young. Ed. Zarubina V.S. Moscow: MSTU im. N.E. Bauman, 2006. 648 p.

Propp V.Ya. The historical roots of fairy tales. St. Petersburg: Labyrinth, 1996. 511 p.

Russian folk tales. Compiled by Anikin V.P. Moscow: Press, 1992. 560 p.

Stepanov A.I. Number and Culture: The Rational Unconscious in Language, Literature, Science, Modern Politics, Philosophy, History. M.: Languages ​​of Slavic culture, 2004. 259 p.

Attachment 1

1. Name your favorite Russian folk tales.

2. Do you think the numbers that are used in fairy tales have a certain meaning? Which?

3. What numbers did you most often meet in Russian folk tales?

4. There are even and odd numbers in mathematics. What are the most common in fairy tales? Why?

5. Do you think that the people deliberately chose the number of trials in fairy tales, the number of sons the king had? Why? What was it about?

Annex 2

The frequency of the use of numbers in fairy tales