How to properly parse a sentence. Location indication: circumstance

The order of parsing a simple sentence

1. Parse the sentence by members and indicate how they are expressed (first, the subject and predicate are disassembled, then the secondary members related to them).

2. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, incentive, interrogative).

3. Determine the type of sentence by emotional coloring (exclamatory, non-exclamatory).

4. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence and prove that it is simple.

5. Determine the type of offer by structure:

a) two-part or one-part (definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal, naming);

b) widespread or non-common;

c) complete or incomplete (indicate which member of the sentence is missing in it);

d) complicated (indicate what is complicated: homogeneous members, isolated members, appeal, introductory words).

6. Draw up a sentence diagram and explain the placement of punctuation marks.

Parsing Samples

1) My bonfire shines in the fog(A. K. Tolstoy).

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, uncomplicated.

Grammar basis - the bonfire is shining my expressed by a possessive pronoun. The predicate refers to the circumstance of the place in the fog, expressed by a noun in the prepositional case with a preposition in.

Sentence outline A period is placed at the end of this declarative sentence.

2) At the end of January, fanned by the first thaw, cherry blossoms smell good. gardens (Sholokhov).

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, widespread, complete, complicated by a separate agreed definition expressed by participial turnover.

Grammar basis - gardens smell. The subject is expressed by a noun in the nominative case, the predicate is a simple verb, expressed by the verb in the form of the indicative mood. The subject is the agreed definition cherry expressed by an adjective. The predicate refers to the circumstance of time in the end of January, expressed by the phrase (noun + noun) in the prepositional case with a preposition in, and the circumstance of the mode of action Good expressed in an adverb.

Sentence scheme A period is placed at the end of this declarative sentence; commas in the sentence highlight the participial turnover, which, although it stands before the word being defined, is isolated, since it is separated from it in the sentence by other words.

Ways to underline members of a sentence

When parsing a sentence by members, standard underscores are used: one dash for the subject, two dashes for the predicate, a dotted line for the complement, a wavy line for the definition, alternating dots and dashes for the circumstance.

In some schools, the main member of a one-part sentence is underlined with three features, however, such an underline is more common, in which the main member of a denominative sentence is marked as the subject, and the main members of other one-part sentences are marked as predicates.

When emphasizing the secondary members of the proposal, it is advisable to be guided by the following principles.

A separate member of the sentence is underlined as a single member.

Accordingly, non-isolated members should be underlined as much as possible in accordance with the questions asked of them.

Designation of words and phrases that are not members of the sentence

As is known from morphology, service parts of speech are not members of a sentence, however, during syntactic parsing, certain problems are associated with them.

Unions are not members of the proposal and are not distinguished when homogeneous members are combined, but in some cases they may be part of non-single members of the proposal.

First, x, these are comparative conjunctions as part of comparative turns, for example: The surface of the bay was like a mirror.

Secondly, these are unions as part of separate members of the proposal, for example: Stopping often and for a long time, we got to the place only on the third day.

Prepositions also cannot act as independent members of a sentence, but they are used as part of a prepositional case group, expressing a certain meaning together with the case form.

Therefore, it is customary to underline the preposition together with the noun to which it refers. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to cases where the preposition and noun are separated by adjectives or participles, for example: instead of older brother. In this case, it would be a mistake to underline the preposition together with the adjective as a definition; underscore should be: instead of older brother.

Formative particles are part of compound verb forms and are underlined together with the verb both in contact and non-contact arrangements, for example: Let him call me!

Semantic (non-formative) particles are not members of a sentence, however, in school practice, a negative particle is not usually emphasized as a single member of a sentence along with the word to which it refers, for example: No smoking here. I didn't expect much help.

It is permissible not to single out both prepositions and all semantic particles.

Some teachers teach to highlight unions by circling them, and prepositions by a triangle. This distinction is not generally accepted.

Introductory words and appeals are not members of the sentence. Sometimes students enclose these components in square brackets or underline them with crosses. This is undesirable, as underlining is only used to indicate members of a sentence; it is permissible to mark these elements of the proposal by inscribing the words “introductory” or “address” above them.

Description of the complicating members of the sentence

When a sentence is complicated by direct speech or an interstitial sentence, they are considered and described as an independent sentence, since both direct speech and an interstitial sentence have their own purpose of utterance and intonation, which may not coincide with the purpose of utterance and the intonation of the sentence itself.

So, for example, the proposal He indignantly asked: “How long will you be digging?!” should be parsed as follows: the sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, complicated by direct speech. Direct speech is an interrogative, exclamatory, two-part, common, complete, uncomplicated sentence.

The participial turnover complicates the sentence only if it is isolated. At the same time, the description should indicate the complication not by the participial turnover, but by a separate definition; in parentheses is possible, but not necessarily an indication that it is expressed by participial turnover.

The comparative turnover can be any member of the sentence - a predicate ( This park is like a forest.), circumstance ( The rain poured like a bucket), complement ( Petya draws better than Anton), defining (He is almost the same as his brother). In this case, the comparative turnover can be both isolated and non-isolated. The complication causes only a separate comparative turnover, and, as in the case of participial turnover, it is necessary to indicate the complication by a separate circumstance, addition or definition.

Homogeneous members, introductory words and sentences, appeals are also described as complicating the structure of the sentence.

Some difficulty is presented by sentences with homogeneous predicates. In school and pre-university practice, it is believed that a two-part sentence in which the subject is used with several predicates is a simple sentence complicated by homogeneous predicates. In a one-part sentence, there are as many parts as there are predicates in it, with the exception of cases when homogeneous parts are presented in the structure of the predicate.

For example: I was offended and did not want to answer him- a simple two-part sentence with homogeneous predicates.

I felt embarrassed and didn't want to answer him.- difficult sentence.

I got sad and lonely- a simple one-part (impersonal) sentence with homogeneous parts of the predicate.

One-part sentences

When parsing one-component sentences, students often make various mistakes.

The first type of errors is associated with the need to distinguish between one-part and two-part incomplete sentences.

As already mentioned, we diagnose a definite personal sentence by the form of the main member: the predicate in it is expressed by the verb in the form of 1 and 2 persons of the singular and plural of the indicative mood (in the present and in the future tense), and in the imperative mood; the producer of the action is defined and can be called personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd person I, you, we, you:

I go, I go, but I can’t reach the forest.

A feature of verb forms with a morphological feature of 1 and 2 persons is that each of these forms can “serve” a single subject: a form with the ending -u ( go-y) - the pronoun I, the form with the ending -eat / -ish ( go-eat) - pronoun you, form with -em / -im ( go eat) - pronoun we, form with -et/-ite ( go) - pronoun you. Forms 1 and 2 of the person of the imperative mood also clearly indicate the person who is the producer of the action.

Since the morphological feature of the person is presented in the verb only in the indicated forms, sentences of a similar meaning with a predicate-verb in the past tense of the indicative mood and the conditional mood are considered two-part incomplete, for example:

He walked and walked, but never reached the forest.

In this sentence, the form of the predicate does not in any way indicate the producer of the action.

Even if it is clear from the previous context that the producer of the action is the speaker(s) or the listener(s), sentences or parts of a complex sentence without a subject with a predicate in the past tense or in the conditional mood should be characterized as two-part incomplete, since information about the producer of the action is extracted not from the sentence itself, but from the previous context, which, in fact, is an indicator of the incompleteness of the sentence or part of it; see for example the second part of the compound sentence:

I would help you if I knew how.

In indefinite personal sentences, as already mentioned, the main member is expressed by the verb in the form of the 3rd person plural (present and future tenses in the indicative mood and in the imperative mood), the past plural form of the indicative mood, or a similar form of the conditional mood of the verb. The producer of the action in these sentences is unknown or unimportant:

They call / have called / let them call / would call.

Such sentences are not indefinitely personal without a subject with a predicate in the indicated forms, in which the producer of the action is known from the previous context; see for example the second sentence in the following context:

We left the forest and tried to orient ourselves on the terrain. Then we went along the path to the right.

Such sentences are also two-part incomplete.

Thus, when characterizing a sentence as a one-part definite-personal, it is necessary to remember about the restrictions on the form of the predicate; when diagnosing a sentence as indefinite-personal, it is also necessary to take into account the meaning - an indication that the producer of the action is unknown.

Generalized personal one-part sentences do not include all one-part sentences that report an action that can be attributed to everyone and everyone, but only those in which the predicate is expressed in the form of the 2 person singular of the indicative and imperative moods or the form of the 3 person plural of the indicative inclinations:

They cut the forest - the chips fly.

However, in a generalized personal sense, definite personal sentences with the main member in the form of 1 person and impersonal sentences can also be used: What we have - we do not store, having lost - we cry; To be afraid of wolves - do not go into the forest. Nevertheless, such proposals are not usually characterized as generalized-personal.

The greatest difficulties are associated with the analysis of an impersonal sentence.

Considerable difficulty is the definition of the composition of the main members in sentences like We had a lot of fun riding this slide., i.e., in sentences that include a bunch, a nominal part and an infinitive. There are two traditions in parsing such proposals.

There is an opinion that when characterizing such sentences as impersonal or as two-part, it is not the sequence of components that is important (the infinitive at the beginning of the sentence or after the link and the nominal part), but the meaning of the nominal part of the predicate.

So, if an adverb is used in the nominal part with the meaning of the state experienced by the producer of the action (fun, sad, hot, cold, etc.), then this is a one-part impersonal sentence:

It was fun to ride this hill.
It was fun to ride this hill.

If in the nominal part a word is used with the meaning of a positive or negative assessment (good, bad, harmful, useful, etc.), then we have a two-part sentence with a subject, expressed infinitive:

It was bad for him to smoke.
Smoking was bad for him.

According to another linguistic tradition, the characteristics of a sentence of this type depend on the word order in it, and not on the meaning of the word in the nominal part. If the infinitive comes before the link and the nominal part, then it, with a relatively free word order in Russian, denotes the subject of the message and is the subject:

Smoking was bad for him.

If the infinitive follows the link and the nominal part, then we have an impersonal sentence:

It was bad for him to smoke.

With regard to impersonal sentences, the following should also be noted: not impersonal, but two-part incomplete, it is customary to consider parts of a complex sentence in which the subject position is replaced by a subordinate explanatory or direct speech, for example:

It was heard how the gate creaked a (compare: It was heard).

"I'm lost" - flashed through my head(compare: It went through my head).

Such sentences without a subordinate clause or direct speech lose all meaning, are not used, which is the criterion for the incompleteness of the sentence. So, the sentences * It was heard or * It flashed through my head cannot be understood and are not used.

The sentence contains information, asks about it, or directs to action. Most often it has a basis and secondary members describing it. In order to assimilate or refresh the memory of a topic, it is useful to study examples of the grammatical analysis of a sentence in Russian.

Grammatical basis in parsing a sentence

The basis is quite logical in application. It consists of a subject that directly names a thing or phenomenon, and a predicate - an action performed or directed at an object.

The subject is always used in the initial form (nominative), but can be not only a noun. It could be:

• numeral - to indicate quantity, set, number (there were three in line; four was his best estimate);
• personal pronoun (he quietly walked along the corridor; we left the classroom);
• indefinite pronoun (someone was sitting in the room; something bothered me);
• negative pronoun (no one could stop them);
• adjective in the sense of a noun (the person in charge was appointed by the management; the duty officer kept order).

In the grammatical analysis of a sentence, it is customary to highlight the subject with an underline, and the predicate with a double underline.

The predicate is most often a verb, but has several types:

• simple verb, expressed by the verb in any mood (the dog ran down the alley; the student gets up early);
• compound verb, consists of an auxiliary verb (modal word) and an infinitive (she started running in the morning; I have to go to work);
• compound nominal, having a linking verb (most often - to be) and a nominal part (a student became a student; bread is their main food; three times two is six(the word "will" is omitted);

Completeness of the offer

Based on the composition of the basis, sentences are two-part, where both main members are present or one is implied (incomplete) (night has come; where is he(omitted "is") ?) , and one-part. The latter are:

• definitely personal, in which it is clear from the face of the verb who it is about (I do my best(I); let's go for a walk(we));
• indefinitely personal, expressed by the past tense verb in the plural (a floor below made a noise; somewhere in the distance they sang);
• generalized-personal, which attribute the action to everyone (often found in proverbs and sayings) (if you want to eat a fish, you need to climb into the water; you go and admire the view);
• impersonal, implying no object (it got dark; he was very sorry; it was cold in the room).

Secondary, but no less important

To give detailed information, the object and action are supported by third-party words and constructions. They are:

When performing a grammatical analysis of a sentence, they must also be taken into account. If there are minor members, the proposal is considered widespread, respectively, without them - non-common.

Complicated sentences - it's not difficult at all

Various plug-in components complete the offer by increasing the amount of information. They are embedded between the main and secondary members, but are already defined as a separate part, which goes as a separate paragraph in the grammatical analysis of the sentence. These components can be removed or replaced without losing the meaning of the text. Among them:

• separate definitions applicable to an object member (describe a property, stand out as a definition), are participial phrases (the kettle, which was warming on the stove, whistled sharply; the road led to a house standing in the forest);
• isolated circumstances (highlighted as a circumstance) are adverbial phrases (he ran, stumbling over stones; looking wary, the dog held out its paw);
• homogeneous members of a sentence - perform the same function and always ask the same question (were scattered on the floor(what?) books, notebooks, notes(homogeneous subject); on weekends we only(what they were doing?) sleeping and walking(homogeneous predicate); he looked at(whom?) mother and sister(homogeneous addition));
• address to someone, which is always separated by a comma and is an independent member of the sentence (my son, you did the right thing; You, Andrei, misunderstood me);
• introductory words (probably, perhaps, finally, etc.) (I probably got excited; tomorrow, most likely, it will be hot).

How to make a grammatical analysis of a sentence, taking into account all the components?

For parsing, a clear algorithm has been created that does not cause difficulties if you know all the above constructions and components of the proposal. Among them, simple and complex ones stand out - the order of analysis is slightly different for them. The following is a grammatical analysis of sentences with examples for individual cases.

Simple sentence

At the beginning of autumn, covered with a golden carpet, the city alleys whimsically shimmer.

1. Define the main members. The basis should be one, as in this example: alleys- subject, shimmer- predicate.

2. Select minor members: (when?) at the beginning of autumn- circumstance (what?) covered with golden carpet- separate definition, (how?) whimsically- circumstance (what?) urban- definition.

3. Define parts of speech:

At the beginning of the noun. autumn n. , covered with golden adj. carpet n. , bizarrely overflow urban adj. alleys n.

4. Describe the signs:

• the purpose of the statement (narrative, incentive, interrogative);
• intonation (exclamatory, non-exclamatory);
• on the basis (two-part, one-part - indicate which one);
• completeness (complete, incomplete)
• by the presence of secondary (common, non-common);
• complicated (if yes, then by what) or not complicated;

The characteristic of this is non-exclamatory, two-part, complete, widespread, complicated by a separate definition.

This is what a complete grammatical analysis of a sentence looks like.

Difficult sentence

Since a complex sentence includes two or more simple ones, it is quite logical to parse them separately, but the parsing algorithm is still different. The grammatical analysis of a sentence in Russian is ambiguous. Compound sentences related to simple ones are:

An example of parsing a compound sentence

In the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy, but on weekends everyone got together at one big table.

1. All bases are highlighted. There are several of them in a complex sentence: each- subject, been busy- compound nominal predicate; all- subject, were going- predicate.
2. Define parts of speech.

In the pr. family, noun. , regardless of from pr. age n. , each place. was ch. very nar. busy app. , nose. on pr. weekend adj. all place. were going to for pr. large adj. table su sch.

1. Find out if there is an alliance. Here - "but". So the proposal is allied.
2. It is possible to characterize by the position of simple ones if there is a union (paragraph 2). This example is a compound sentence, the simple ones are equivalent in it (that is, if you wish, you can divide it into two independent ones). In the case of non-union, this item is not indicated.
3. Make a general description: narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied, compound.
4. Disassemble simple inside separately:

• in the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy (narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, full, common, complicated by a separate definition of "regardless of age")a
• on weekends everyone gathered at a large table

Complex sentence

The algorithm will be similar, only with the indication of the subordinating union. It is also part of the composition. You also need to highlight the main thing and find out how the subordinate clauses (parentheses) are “attached” to it.

This is a kind of submission, not a mandatory item, but also often taken into account.

The main thing to remember is that grammatical and syntactic analysis are synonyms. The meeting of one of the words in the task should not be frightening, since the topic is quite general and quickly digestible. For foreigners, it is difficult because of the great variability, but that's what makes the Russian language beautiful.

Syntactic analysis of a sentence is the analysis of a sentence by members and parts of speech. You can perform syntactic analysis of a complex sentence according to the proposed plan. The sample will help to properly format the written analysis of the sentence, and the example will reveal the secrets of oral parsing.

Sentence parsing plan

1. Simple, simple, complicated by homogeneous members, or complex

2. According to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative or incentive.

3. By intonation: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.

4. Common or non-common.

5. Determine the SUBJECT. Ask WHO? or WHAT? Underline the subject and determine what part of speech it is.

6. Define the PREDICTION. Ask questions WHAT DOES IT DO? etc. Underline the predicate and determine what part of speech it is expressed.

7. From the subject, ask questions to the minor members of the sentence. Underline them and determine what parts of speech they are expressed. Write out phrases with questions.

8. From the predicate, ask questions to the minor members. Underline them and determine what parts of speech they are expressed. Write out phrases with questions.

Sentence Parsing Sample

Already the sky breathed in autumn, the sun shone less often.

This proposal is complex First part:

(what?) the sky is the subject, expressed by the noun in singular. h., Wed. r., nar., inanimate, 2 cl., and. P.
(what did it do?) breathed - a predicate, expressed by the verb nes. species, 2 ref., in unit h., past. vr., wed. R.
breathed (what?) in autumn - an addition, expressed by a noun in singular. h., w. r., nat., inanimate, 3 cl., etc.
breathed (when?) already - a circumstance of time, expressed in an adverb

The second part:

(what?) the sun is the subject, expressed by the noun in singular. h., Wed. r., nar., inanimate, 2 cl., and. P.
(what did it do?) shone - a predicate, expressed by the verb nes. species, 1 ref., in unit h., past. vr., wed. R.
shone (how?) less often - a circumstance of the manner of action, expressed by an adverb
shone (when?) already - a circumstance of time, expressed in an adverb

An example of parsing a sentence

They then flew obliquely in the wind, then lay down vertically on the damp grass.

This proposal is simple.

(what?) they are the subject, expressed by the pronoun pl. h., 3 l., and. P.
(what did they do?) flew - a homogeneous predicate, expressed by the verb non-view, 1 sp., pl. h.. past. vr..flyed
(what did they do?) lay down - a homogeneous predicate, expressed by the verb nes.vid, 1 sp., pl. h.. past. vr..
flew (how?) obliquely - a circumstance of the manner of action, expressed by an adverb.
flew (how?) in the wind - a circumstance of the course of action, expressed by the adverb
lay down (how?) sheer - circumstance of the manner of action, expressed by the adverb
lay down (where?) on the grass - a circumstance of the place, expressed by the noun adverb, inanimate, in singular. h., w. r., 1 skl., v.p. with a pretext
grass (what?) raw - a definition, expressed by an adjective in singular. h., female, v.p.

From the first grade, schoolchildren are introduced to various types of linguistic analysis. It all starts with the division of lexemes into syllables and sounds. In the second class, word parsing by composition is added. The sentence is the next unit that children need to become familiar with. Let's talk about how to properly parse and what difficulties you may encounter here.

Grammatical basis

A sentence is a syntactic unit consisting of interconnected words. It conveys a relatively complete thought. Parsing a sentence by composition involves determining the roles that individual words perform.

• The subject that names the subject or object of speech. It answers the questions of the nominative case: "Who? What?". Most often, the subject is a noun (the cat is sleeping) or a pronoun (I went). When parsing, this member of the sentence is underlined with one line.
• A predicate that tells what happened to the subject. Most often, he is asked the question: "What is he doing?", although other options are possible (What is he? What is he like?). Usually the verb acts as a predicate, but there are exceptions (This man is my father). Underline it with two lines.

The proposal may contain both main members or one of them. For example: "Winter. It's dawning."

Minor members

The grammatical basis is a necessary attribute of any sentence. But the secondary members are not always present. Before we analyze the proposal by composition, we recall them.

• A definition describes an object by naming its attributes. Questions are asked to him: "What / th / th / th?" or "Whose?". Most often, this role is played by adjectives or participles. When parsing, the definition is usually denoted by a wavy line.
• The addition concretizes information about the subject and answers the questions of any cases, except for the nominative (what? about whom? what?). Often they are nouns. Emphasize the addition with a dotted line.
• The circumstance tells about the features of the action: its purpose, place, reason, time, etc. This member of the sentence answers the questions: "How? Where? Where? Why? When? Where? Why?". Often expressed by nouns, adverbs, participles. It is distinguished by a dotted line with dots.

Difficult cases

What problems do students have when parsing a sentence by composition? Not everyone can clearly define the role of a particular word. Moreover, some members of the proposal can be asked two questions at once. For example: "lived (where? in what?) in the house." In this case, it is proposed to stop at one option.

Problems also arise with the definition of the role of various turns (participle, adverbial). At school, it is customary to single them out as one member of the sentence. If there is direct speech in the analyzed statement, then it is considered a separate sentence.

Many questions are related to the service parts of speech. On the one hand, they are not members of the proposal. But they can be part of separate revolutions (bathing in the river) or predicates (let them come, I haven’t seen). In many Russian language textbooks, children are taught to underline prepositions along with the nouns they refer to. But the introductory words, appeals do not stand out in any way.

Analysis of the proposal by composition: an example

Let's see how this type of analysis is performed in practice. Let's take a simple sentence that you can read in the picture.

1. We find the subject. To do this, we use the question: "What?". The sentence refers to the sun, we emphasize this word. Above is the part of speech.
2. What did the sun do? Illuminated. We found the predicate, it is expressed by the verb. From above we draw an arrow, we sign the question.
3. Now we highlight the secondary members of the sentence. When did it light up? In the morning. So we have a situation. We emphasize, sign the part of speech - the noun, draw an arrow from the predicate.
4. Illuminated what? Village. We found an object, and it is also expressed by a noun. We mark all this in a notebook, we denote it graphically.
5. What tree? Native. This adjective is a definition. We emphasize it with a wavy line, sign the question on top, as well as part of the speech.

Analysis of the composition of complex sentences

In the example above, there was one grammatical stem. However, there may be more than one. Such sentences are called complex. One of them is in front of you in the picture. Let's analyze it by the members of the proposal.

1. Finding grammatical elements. What? Leaflet. This is the subject. What does the leaf do? Flies. Before us is the predicate. We underline them, sign the parts of speech. Read on for the offer. What? Chill. As you can see, there are two subjects in the sentence. What does the cold do? Runs up. The second grammatical basis is found.
2. We find the boundaries of simple sentences, number each part from above. You can separate them with a vertical line.
3. We select secondary members first in one part of the sentence, and then in another. We denote them graphically. We sign the parts of speech.

Parsing a proposal by composition is not an easy task. Sometimes professional linguists cannot come to an unambiguous decision, defining the role of a particular word. However, with practice it will become easier and easier for you. The main thing is not to be afraid of mistakes and be patient.

Parsing a sentence by composition is called syntactic. He is one of the first to be studied in school. At first, the process can be difficult, however, after two analyzes, many people quickly find all the components. Knowledge of parts of speech, rules about the basis and secondary members of a sentence, understanding the connection of words in a phrase will help in parsing. It's coming to an end elementary school, so students in grade 5 perform analysis without difficulty.

By following a certain sequence, you can quickly make an analysis. To do this, you need to pay attention to the following steps:

1. Determine what type the phrase belongs to: narrative, interrogative or incentive.
2. According to the emotional color, exclamatory and non-exclamatory sentences are distinguished.
3. Then they move on to grammar. It needs to be found, to indicate the way of expression, to indicate whether the sentence is simple or complex.
4. Determine the one-part and two-part written.
5. Find additional members of the sentence. They will show if it is common or not.
6. With the help of certain types of lines, highlight each minor member of the sentence. At the same time, above the word indicate what kind of member of the sentence it is.
7. Indicate whether there are missing members of the sentence in the proposed phrase, which will determine whether the statement is complete or incomplete.
8. Are there any complications?
9. Describe what is written.
10. Make a diagram.

To correctly and quickly parse, you need to know what the stem and minor members are.

The foundation

Every stem has a subject and a predicate. When parsing, the first word is underlined with one line, the second - with two. For example, " The night has come". Here the grammatical basis is the full phrase. It has the subject word "night". The subject cannot be in any other case than the nominative.

In the neighborhood is the predicate "came", which describes the action performed with the subject. (Dawn has come. Autumn has come.) Depending on whether the sentence is simple or complex, one or two bases are distinguished. In the statement "Yellow leaves fall from the trees" there is one grammatical basis. And here are two basics: "The moon hid - the morning has come."

Before parsing phrases, you need to find additional members of the sentence:

1. Most often, the object is a noun or a pronoun. Prepositions can be added to the second member of the sentence. It answers all questions of cases. This does not include the nominative case, since only the subject can have it. Look (where?) At the sky. Let's discuss the (what?) question. In semantic meaning, they are on the same level as the noun.
2. The definition performs a descriptive function, answering the question “Which one? Whose?". It is often difficult to identify a member of a sentence due to the fact that it can be of two types. Agreed when two words are in the same person, gender, number and case. Inconsistent acts as a phrase with control and adjacency. For example: “There is a bookshelf on the wall. There is a shelf for books on the wall. In both cases, one can ask the question: which one? However, the difference is the consistency and inconsistency of the definition.
3. The circumstance describes the manner of action, the time. It is considered the most extensive member of the proposal. We met (where?) at the store. (When?) We went to the cinema yesterday. I (how?) will easily do the exercise. This leads to the fact that the circumstance is often confused with the addition. Here it is important to correctly put the question from the main word to the dependent.

Relationship while writing

It is important to say that all minor members are necessarily associated with one of the main words. The definition is part of the subject, so questions are asked from this member of the sentence. But the addition and circumstance are connected with the predicate.

When parsing, the secondary members should be indicated on the letter. If the subject and predicate are underlined with one and two lines, respectively, then the addition is highlighted with a dotted line, the definition with a wavy line, the circumstance with a dot and a dash. When parsing, it is necessary to indicate in a graphical version what each word is.

Practical lesson

Consider a simple sentence:

In winter, tourists go to the ski resort.

Start from the basics. Here it is represented by the phrase "tourists are leaving." That is, the subject is tourists, the predicate is sent. This is the only basis, so what is written is a simple statement. Since there are additional members, it is common.

Now you can start looking for add-ons. It was not used here when writing. It is followed by a definition: to (which?) ski resort. And you can highlight the circumstances. They go (where?) to the resort, they go (when?) in winter.

This is how the sentence looks like when parsed by composition: In winter (obst.) tourists (subl.) go (sk.) to a ski (def.) resort (add.).

Complex sentence example:

The sun went behind a cloud, a light rain fell from the sky.

First we look for the base. The sentence is about sun and rain. So, there are two bases in the sentence: the sun has set, and the rain has begun. Now we need to find additional members of the sentence in each basis. Went (where?) behind a cloud; went (what?) small, went (where?) from the sky.

This is how you need to parse common sentences by composition:

The boy sat on the roof of the house and looked at the starry sky, attracting the eye.

(Descriptive, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, complicated by homogeneous predicates and a separate definition, expressed by participial turnover).

Here the basis is - the boy sat and watched, therefore there are two predicates. We find the secondary members of the sentence. Sat (where?) on the roof (what?) of the house. He looked (where?) at the sky, (what?) starry. The sky (what?), eye-catching.

That is, after finding all the components of the statement, it will look like this:

The boy (subl.) sat (sk.) on the roof (obst.) of the house (adv.) and looked (sk.) at the starry (def.) sky (obst.), attracting the eye (def.).

Syntactic parsing of a sentence is easy to do. The main thing is to follow the steps, starting with the search for the main members of the proposal. They are the foundation. Then they move on to secondary ones. At the end of the analysis, each of them is underlined with a certain line.

Video

From the video you will learn how to properly parse a sentence.

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