How to use an internet cable crimp. Twisted pair pinout (8 wires): color scheme, connection sequence

Twisted pair cables are classified according to the EIA / TIA 568 standard and according to the international ISO 11801 certification. They have such a name because of the paired cores that are twisted together. There are several options for crimping a twisted pair cable and an RJ-45 connector.

This wire is popular because it is used to connect a personal computer with a hub or switch, as well as when connecting two PCs.

Color schemes for crimping in the RJ-45 plug

Computer - hub

All photos show an Internet cable used in LAN (Local Area Network) and DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) networks.

EIA/TIA-568 twisted pair cable connection options

As you can see in the photo, in both circuits, the cables are crimped according to a similar electrical circuit. Only the place of the green twisted pair is occupied by the orange and vice versa. These pairs, compressed, both according to option A and B can be changed among themselves, this will not affect the network performance in any way. Option B is more common in crimping.

Wire connection diagram according to the "Computer-hub" scheme

Computer - computer or hub - hub

When creating a local network of two computers connected to each other without the use of additional equipment (switch or hub), the following system is provided:

How to connect wires according to the "Hub-Hub" or "Computer-to-Computer" scheme

To create a network of two computers, it is enough to insert one such cable into their network ports.

One wire is crimped according to option A, and the second according to scheme B

Note that when connecting according to the computer-to-computer scheme, the cables are crimped according to different models.

The most modern network cards and hubs, with the support of Auto-MDIX technology, are able to independently determine the cable crimping option and make internal adjustments. The latest computers can be connected to a network or another machine directly, in any convenient way, without thinking about the type of pinout color scheme.

Comparison of wiring diagrams

RJ-45 four-wire crimping schemes

The four-wire RJ-45 network wire quickly gained popularity during the mass distribution of wired Internet. Compared to a similar eight-core, it costs half as much. Because of this, communication service providers everywhere use it when connecting the traditional Internet. When connecting a computer to the World Wide Web or a local network, it is rare that you need a speed of more than 100 MB / s. In this case, it is financially profitable to make a patch cord from a four-core cable. If you have an eight-core cable, and the speed is low, it makes sense not to compress all four twisted pairs, but to compress only two: this will reduce the data transfer rate from 1 GB / s to 100 MB / s, and double the wire resource. One pair is used to receive a signal, the second - to transmit.

Wires numbered 1,2,3,6 are always connected.

It is important to connect conductors with the appropriate numbers

Schematic illustration of connecting an Internet cable

The electrical circuit for connecting a computer network card shows the principle of operation of twisted pairs for receiving and transmitting information

Wiring diagram for cable connection

The circuit shows that both pairs are connected to the hub and the computer according to the principle of a symmetrical transformer circuit. It is good in that it suppresses interference and interference, guarantees a high degree of protection against installation errors and short circuits.

If you need an additional line or if the twisted pairs in the cable are damaged, you can double the number of lines without degrading the speed. Or fix the cable by crimping the connector into pairs that have not been used before.

The electrical circuits for crimping a four-core cable are similar to an eight-core cable. They show conductors that are used exclusively for receiving and transmitting a signal. Pairs that are not used are crimped, but information on them is not transmitted. They can be used for additional transmission of information.

Crimping the cable according to the principle of computer-hub (4 wires)

Four-wire connection table

Connection diagram computer - computer

With this scheme, a cross connection occurs (one end according to plan A, the second according to scheme B). Orange and green pairs are connected.

Cross wiring diagram

How it will look from above in connectors

If an open or short circuit is detected, it is not necessary to change the wire. You can replace the twisted pairs in the cable. If option B is being repaired, the orange pair is changed to brown, and the green pair is replaced by blue. Correction according to scheme A, involves replacing the orange pair with blue, and green with brown.

A defective pair can always be replaced with an additional blue or brown one. It is important to remember the wire numbers for a four-wire RJ-45 cable connection (1,2,3,6).

All kinds of options for connecting a twisted pair cable to four wires

How to crimp the cable with your own hands

Necessary tools for the job

RJ-45 wire crimping

The four-core cable is crimped in the same way. The only difference is the number of pairs. Remember the sequence of grooves, as mentioned above for a two-pair cable: 1,2,3,6.

Crimping the cable without tools

If you do not have a tool or did not have one at hand, the RJ-45 cable can be crimped with an ordinary flat screwdriver. During the procedure, be careful, because the "manual" method:

• does not always provide the required crimp quality;
• increases the chance of breaking or damaging the cable.

Crimping algorithm without tongs:

You need to do everything in the same way as described above: cut off the cable, strip the outer insulation.

Sort the cores by color, as in the selected electrical diagram.

Cut the wires again to the correct length.

Insert carefully into the socket.

Flip the connector with the latch down and the contacts facing you. Lay it on a flat surface in such a way that the edges of the connector rest securely on any base. And the latch was loose to avoid accidental breakage.

Schematic representation of the connection

Checking the reliability of the connection

There are three ways to test the mount:

Conclusion

In this article, all kinds of twisted-pair cable connection schemes were considered; how to crimp a wire of four and eight cores, how to do it without the help of a special tool, how to check the functionality of the mounted circuit. I hope you have gathered the information you need and this article will help you make high-quality electrical wire crimping.

The need to crimp an Internet cable at home without the help of an Internet provider does not often arise. For example, such a need may arise if you move your computer or router to another room. In this article, you will learn how to compress an Internet cable at home with your own hands.

Step number 1. Preparing to compress the Internet cable.

In order to properly crimp an Internet cable at home, you need a minimum of equipment. First, you need the cable itself. If we are talking about an Internet cable, then you already have it. This is the cable you got from your ISP. Secondly, you need RJ-45 connectors (pictured below).

These connectors can be purchased at computer stores or ordered online. Typically, these connectors are sold in packs of 100 pieces, but you can also find them individually. If you buy by the piece, it is better to take with a margin, in case something goes wrong.

You will also need an internet cable crimping tool (pictured below), also known as a crimping tool or just a crimp. This tool can also be found in hardware stores or online.

If you are not ready to buy a crimper, then you can do with a simple screwdriver and do it yourself. But, in this case, the process of crimping an Internet cable becomes a little more complicated.

Step number 2. Remove the outer layer of insulation.

If you want to crimp an Internet cable, then the first thing you need to do is remove the outer layer of insulation. To do this, you can use a sharp knife or a blade on a cable crimping tool (crimper). Run the blade around the insulation of the Internet cable in a circle and remove about 2-3 centimeters of insulation.

Be careful not to damage the internal wiring when doing this. If the internal conductors were nevertheless damaged, then this section of the cable must be completely cut off and the process of crimping the Internet cable must be started again.

Step number 3. We prepare the internal conductors.

Next, you need to unwind all the twisted pairs of conductors inside the Internet cable and straighten them slightly. It is not necessary to torment them especially so that fractures do not form inside the conductors. Just untwist and align a little.

After you have removed the insulation from the Internet cable and straightened the conductors, you need to arrange them in the correct order. There are four standards that define the order of conductors in a connector. There are two standards for straight cable (TIA/EIA-568B and TIA/EIA-568A) and two standards for crossover. You can learn more about the circuits that determine the order of conductors.

In most cases, to crimp the Internet cable, you need to use the direct layout of the TIA / EIA-568B conductors (illustration below). If your Internet cable has already been crimped before, then you can simply see how the conductors were located in the old RJ-45 connector.

After you have decided on the circuit, align the conductors and arrange them in one line in the desired order (as in the photo below). If the conductors are too long, they must be shortened. This is conveniently done with a blade on an internet cable crimping tool (crimper).

Now you need to shove these conductors into the RJ-45 connector. If they are arranged in one line, then they will enter easily and each will take its place inside the connector.

Before proceeding directly to crimping the cable, make sure that all conductors have reached the end of the connector.

Step number 4. We crimp the Internet cable using a special tool (crimper).

After the cable is inserted into the RJ-45 connector, you can start crimping. To do this, insert the connector into the crimper and squeeze the handles of this tool hard enough.

If you do not have a crimper, then you can get by with a simple screwdriver. In this case, you need to use a screwdriver to push through each pin on the RJ-45 connector.

On this, the process of crimping the Internet cable can be considered complete. Connect the cable to your computer and check if there is internet. If there is no internet, then you did something wrong. Try cutting off the RJ-45 connector and crimping the internet cable again.

The problem arises, how to compress the network cable? Of course, you can look for a ready-made crimped cable with connectors or ask a friend to help, but such options are not always suitable.

Moreover, sooner or later you will want to rearrange the computer or make repairs and the cable will have to be changed or crimped again.

Often the need to crimp the network cable confuses an inexperienced person. And even if you have everything you need to perform this procedure correctly, it still does not work. In fact, crimping a network cable is very simple.

Network cable. To build local networks, the so-called twisted pair is used. This is a cable that consists of eight conductors, which are combined in pairs. Each pair of conductors is twisted around each other. Therefore, this cable is called twisted pair.

Twisted pair is divided into categories from 1 to 7. The category is indicated directly on the cable (CAT1, CAT2, and so on up to CAT7). For a 100 Mbps LAN, we need Category 5 twisted pair or higher. As a rule, category 5e twisted pair is found on sale. Category 5e is an improved version of the 5th category, so you can safely buy it. As for the purchase, you need to look for a twisted pair cable in small stores with computer technicians or in markets with a variety of radio equipment and electronics. It is rarely found in large stores.

Crimper for RJ-45 crimping (crimping tool). A crimper is a small device that looks a bit like a pair of pliers. With the help of this device, the RJ-45 connector is fixed on the network cable.

You need to look for the crimper in the same place as the network cable. Sellers in stores do not always know the meaning of the word "crimper" so you can just say "crimping tool for a network cable."

Two RJ-45 connectors. We will also need two RJ-45 connectors. These connectors can be bought in the same place where the cable and crimper.

They are usually sold in packs of 100. If you buy by the piece, then take it with a margin, in case you spoil something and you have to crimp the network cable over a new one.

Knife. You may also need a knife to remove the insulation. As a rule, there is a special blade on the crimper for stripping the insulation from the twisted pair. But, without proper experience, it is quite difficult to use it, since it is very easy to damage the conductors inside the cable.

Let's start crimping a twisted pair

Step number 1. Remove the outer insulation. The first step is to remove about 3 centimeters of outer insulation from the network cable. This can be done with a knife or the crimper itself. As already mentioned, most crimpers have a special blade for stripping insulation.

After the insulation is removed, the cable consists of 4 pairs of twisted conductors and a separate nylon thread that can be cut off immediately, we will not need it. It is not necessary to remove the insulation from the conductors, only the top layer of white insulation.

Step number 2. Preparation of conductors. Next, you need to untangle all 4 pairs of conductors and carefully align them.

After the conductors are untangled and aligned, they must be positioned according to the crimp pattern. There are two mains cable crimping patterns: straight cable and crossover cable.

The direct crimping option is when the location of the conductors in the connector is the same at both ends of the cable. With a cross crimping option, a different order of conductors is used on different sides of the cable. For a better understanding, take a look at the illustration (below).

In the past, a crossover cable (or Crossover) was used to connect two hubs or two computers to each other. But, now this option has lost its relevance because modern network equipment can change conductors automatically. Therefore, in most cases, it is the first crimping option (straight cable) that is used.

After you have chosen a crimping method, you need to line up the conductors in the appropriate order. In this case, the conductors should be as even as possible and located parallel to each other. The conductors lined up in order must be shortened by about half. To do this, use a creamer blade.

Step number 3. We put on the connector and crimp it with a crimper. After you have shortened the conductors, you need to carefully insert them into the RJ-45 connector. In this case, you need to make sure that the colors are not mixed up and that all the conductors enter exactly into the holes in the connector assigned to them.

After the conductors have entered the connector, the twisted pair can be crimped. To do this, insert the connector with the cable into the creamer and squeeze the handles.

Everything, on this, the compression of the twisted pair on one side is completed. Now you need to do the same for the other end of the cable. When doing this, do not forget in what order the conductors should go.

I hope this instruction will help you figure out how to crimp a network cable (twisted pair).

In many families, several devices are connected to the Internet: we cannot imagine life without the World Wide Web, therefore everyone needs their own line. They work mainly on a wireless protocol - Wi-Fi, but there is still a wire, since so far the wired Internet is more stable than wireless. During repairs, all the wires are hidden in the walls and the "Internet" ones are no exception. They, like electric ones, are plugged into sockets, only of a different standard: they are called computer or information. They can be with different connectors, but the most common is RJ 45. Installation and connection can be done independently, but since the connector looks unusual, there are more than two or three wires in it, and the connection is not provided by soldering or twisting, you need to know how to connect an internet outlet as well as the connector that should be inserted into it.

RJ-45 connector crimp

An Internet cable that enters an apartment or house, which is most often called a twisted pair cable, often ends in a small plastic connector. This plastic device is the connector, and usually RJ45. In professional jargon, they are also called "Jack".

Its case is transparent, due to which the wires of different colors are visible. The same devices are used on connecting wires that connect computers to each other or to a modem. Only the order of location (or, as computer scientists say, pinouts) of wires can differ. The same connector is inserted into a computer outlet. If you understand how the wires are distributed in the connector, there will be no problems connecting an Internet outlet.

Internet cable connection scheme by color

There are two connection schemes: T568A and T568B. The first option - "A" is practically not used in our country, and everywhere the wires are arranged according to the "B" scheme. It must be remembered, since it is it that is required in most cases.

To finally clarify all the issues, let's talk about the number of wires in a twisted pair. This internet cable comes in 2-pair and 4-pair. For data transfer at speeds up to 1 Gb / s, 2-pair cables are used, from 1 to 10 Gb / s - 4-pair. In apartments and private houses today, mainly, streams up to 100 Mb / s are brought. But with the current pace of development of Internet technology, it is quite possible that in a couple of years the speeds will be calculated in Megabits. It is for this reason that it is better to immediately expand the network of eight, and not of 4 conductors. Then when you change the speed you do not have to redo anything. It's just that the equipment will use more conductors. The difference in cable price is small, and sockets and Internet connectors still use eight-pin.

If the network is already wired in two-pair, use the same connectors, only after the first three conductors laid according to scheme B, skip two contacts and lay the green conductor in place of the sixth (see photo).

Crimping a twisted pair in a connector

There are special pliers for crimping wires in the connector. They cost about $6-10 depending on the manufacturer. It is more convenient to work with them, although you can get by with a regular screwdriver and wire cutters.

First, insulation is removed from the twisted pair. It is removed at a distance of 7-8 cm from the end of the cable. Under it there are four pairs of conductors of different colors, twisted in twos. Sometimes there is also a thin shielding wire, we simply bend it to the side - we do not need it. We unwind the pairs, align the wires, spreading them in different directions. Then fold according to the scheme "B".

How to terminate an RJ-45 connector in a connector

We clamp the wires in the right order between the thumb and forefinger, lay out the wires evenly, tightly to each other. Having aligned everything, we take wire cutters and cut off the excess length of the wires laid out in order: 10-12 mm should remain. If you attach the connector as in the photo, the twisted pair insulation should start above the latch.

We put a twisted pair with cut wires into the connector. Please note that you need to take it with the latch (protrusion on the cover) down.

Each conductor must get into a special track. Insert the wires all the way - they should reach the edge of the connector. Holding the cable at the edge of the connector, insert it into the pliers. The handles of the pliers are brought together smoothly. If the body has become normal, no special efforts are required. If you feel that it “does not work”, double-check whether the RJ45 is in the socket correctly. If everything is fine, try again.

When pressed, the protrusions in the tongs will move the conductors to the micro-knives, which will cut through the protective sheath and provide contact.

Such a connection is reliable and problems with it rarely occur. And if something happens, it's easy to remake the cable: cut off and repeat the process with another "jack".

Video lesson: crimping an RJ-45 connector with pliers and a screwdriver

The procedure is simple and easy to repeat. It may be easier for you to do everything after the video. It shows how to work with pliers, as well as how to do without them, and do everything with a regular straight screwdriver.

How to connect an internet cable to a power outlet

Now we come directly to how to connect the Internet outlet. Let's start with varieties. Like conventional electrical outlets, information ones come in two modifications:

By the number of connection points, there are single and double computer sockets.

Although outwardly computer sockets differ, the principle of connecting conductors is the same for them. There are special contacts equipped with micro-knives. At the inserted conductor, the protective sheath is cut through. As a result, the metal of the microknife contacts fits snugly against the metal of the conductor.

How to connect a computer wall outlet

Inside each socket there is a hint on how to place the wires when connecting the Internet cable. Manufacturers stick on the color scheme that we saw when crimping the connector. There are also two options - "A" and "B", and we use the same option "B".

The case is mounted on the wall, usually with the cable inlet up, the computer connector down. The next steps are simple:

Connecting a twisted pair to an outlet is really a simple procedure. Even the first time it will take a few minutes. Once again, you can see what and how they do in the video. It first shows the connection of an Internet cable with 4 wires, then with 8.

How to connect an internal internet outlet

We will not describe the installation of a plastic box - this is another topic. We will understand the features of connection and assembly. The main snag here is how to disassemble computer sockets. When connecting conductors to them, it is necessary to get to the contact part: a small ceramic or plastic case with built-in microknife contacts. The conductors are connected to this mounting plate, and then the case is assembled again. And the whole problem is that they are assembled / disassembled by different manufacturers in different ways.

For example, at the popular manufacturer of computer sockets Legrand (Legrand), in order to get to the connectors in the Legrand Valena RJ45 computer socket, you need to remove the front cover. Under it, a white plastic impeller (as in the photo) will be found, on which an arrow is applied.

It is necessary to turn the impeller in the direction of the arrow, after which the case and the contact plate will remain in your hands. It has color-coded conductors. The connection is no different, except that - first, a twisted pair must be threaded into the hole on the plate, and then the wires should be routed.

For clarity, watch the video.

Another popular manufacturer of such equipment is Lezard (Lezard). He has a different system. The front panel and metal frame are fixed with small bolts. They are easy to unscrew, but the internal contact plate is held on by clamps. When assembling and disassembling Lezard computer sockets (Lezard) in the right places, it is necessary to wring out the contacts with a screwdriver.

To remove the plastic contact group from the housing, it is necessary to press on the latch located at the top. After that, you will have a small box in your hands. But that's not all. It is necessary to remove the plastic cover that closes and presses the conductors. Remove it by prying the side petals with a screwdriver. The plastic is elastic and the effort required is quite decent. Just do not overdo it: it's still plastic. After that, the wiring is standard: according to the markings applied on the sides (do not forget that we use the “B” scheme).

If you know how to connect an Internet outlet, even with an unfamiliar model, it’s easy to figure it out. And now you can upgrade your network yourself (increase the length of the twisted pair cable, move the computer to another location, make another connection point, etc.), without involving specialists. One more question remains: how to connect double sockets. Two cables are brought to them and then there is a color scheme. This is possible when your network is formed by a modem or two Internet lines come in. Is it possible to embroider both inputs with one cable? It is possible, but you need not get confused in the color designation of the wires in the further wiring of the network (remember which color you used instead of which one).

Twisted pair crimp circuit. What is it and what is it eaten with?

A twisted pair cable is a special cable consisting of four pairs of copper wires twisted together.

Thanks to this design, it is possible to significantly reduce the impact of any kind of interference.

Cables are widely used for - this method of transmitting and receiving information deservedly remains the most reliable, fast and convenient.

twisted pair crimping

Twisted pair crimping refers to the procedure for securing special connectors located at the end of the cord.

Connectors are usually 8-pin 8P8C connectors, known to most of us under the name RJ-45. Connectors can be of two types:

• unshielded - designed for UTP wire;
• shielded - for cables or STP.

The choice of connector should be taken very carefully, some of them are used only by professionals, because their installation requires knowledge, experience and skill.

Note! It is better not to buy connectors with an insert - their purpose is designed specifically for soft and, in particular, stranded wires, and it is very inconvenient to use them to fix a solid copper cable.

It is easy to figure out the connector on your own, its design is quite simple and understandable - inside the device there are 8 recesses-grooves (for each copper core of the cord), at the top of which there are metal contacts.

To correctly determine the numbering of the contacts, you need to turn the connector so that the contacts are located at the top, with the latch towards you.

In this case, the input connector will be opposite. In this position, contact No. 1 will be on the right, and No. 8, respectively, on the left.

Numbering is important information when performing a crimping procedure.

Therefore, be sure to remember how to determine correctly, this will help to properly fix the wire and establish a connection.

There are a couple of distribution schemes: EIA/TIA-568A and EIA/TIA-568B. The difference between the schemes lies in the location of the cores.

Since all four pairs of wires twisted inside the cord have insulation of different colors, everyone can repeat the connection scheme on their own.

Important! We always start laying from the first contact to the eighth.

The color arrangement of the cores in the scheme 568A:

1. white-green;
2. green;
3. white-orange;
4. blue;
5. white-blue;
6. Orange;
7. white-brown;
8. brown.

Twisted pair crimp circuit 568A is used to connect computers to each other when creating a local network.

The color arrangement of the cores in the 568V scheme:

1. white-orange;
2. Orange;
3. white-green;
4. blue;
5. white-blue;
6. green;
7. white-brown;
8. brown.

This table is useful if you need to establish a connection between the router and the computer.

Crimping methods

Network wires designed to connect computers and different types of network equipment to each other use two cable crimping options - crossover and straight.

Direct crimping of the cord is used in the manufacture of a cable that will serve to connect various types of network equipment and client devices to a computer, as well as to connect network equipment to each other.

This crimping method is the most common and frequently used.

The cross crimping method is used in the manufacture of wire intended for interconnection.

At the same time, additional equipment is not involved in the switching.

Less often, a cross cord is used, combining old ones into a network through up-link type ports.

For the manufacture of a direct view, you can use any crimping scheme, the main condition is that both ends of the cable are crimped identically.

Most often, when creating a direct power cord, the 568V circuit is used.

Sometimes, to make a straight type, you can use not four twisted pairs, but only two.

Using such a cable, you can connect two pieces of computer equipment to the network.

This method of twisted pair crimping in RJ-45 is used if there is no high local traffic in the plans, the data exchange rate will be equal to 100 Mbps.

For example, an rj45 pinout diagram is shown, in which green and orange are involved. For another type of crimp, brown replaces orange and blue replaces green.

But the instructions for connecting contacts remain unchanged.

If you need to make a crossover cable, one end is 568A, and the other is 568B.

In the manufacture of such a cable, all eight copper cores are certainly involved.

If you need to make a crossover that will provide a data exchange rate between computers up to 1000 Mbps, use a special crimping method.

One end will be crimped according to the example of the 568B circuit, and the other end will have an rj45 pinout by color:

1. white-green;
2. green;
3. white-orange;
4. white-brown;
5. brown;
6. Orange;
7. blue;
8. white-blue.

This crimping scheme differs from the 568A we are already considering - the brown and blue pairs have mutually replaced each other, retaining the overall sequence.

If both ends of the cable are clamped according to the 568V scheme, we get a straight network cable that is suitable for connecting a PC to a switch.

If one end of the cable is crimped according to the 568B scheme, and the other end is crimped according to the 568A scheme, we have a crossover cable suitable for connecting computers.

If you want to make a gigabit crossover cable, then you must use a special crimping scheme.