Image of the life of the capital and local nobility Onegin. Onegin and the capital's noble society

V. G. Belinsky called the novel "Eugene Onegin" "an encyclopedia of Russian life", it "poetically reproduced the picture of Russian life", Pushkin depicted the noble society of the 20s of the XIX century, and showed in detail both the life of the provincial nobility and the capital society .

The main motif that accompanies the description of St. Petersburg society is vanity ("it's no wonder to be in time everywhere"), tinsel. On the example of Onegin's daily routine, the reader can judge the pastime of a secular person. For a secular lion, the day began in the afternoon (“it used to be that he was still in bed: / They carry notes to him”) - this is a feature of aristocracy. A typical place for walks of the nobility is Nevsky Prospekt, Angliskaya Embankment, Admiralteysky Boulevard. As soon as the “watchful breguet” finishes dinner, the dandy rushes to the most fashionable restaurant, to Talon. Afternoon is theater and the highlight of the day is a ball. It was considered good form to arrive after midnight, and in the morning, when working Petersburg woke up, go home to sleep.

When describing secular society, there is a motif of masquerade: the main feature of St. Petersburg life is boredom (in the theater, Onegin yawns (“I saw everything: with faces, attire / He is terribly dissatisfied”). The author, describing the mores of society, uses irony, sometimes satire:

Here was, however, the color of the capital,

And to know, and fashion samples,

Everywhere you meet faces

Necessary fools.

Fashion is of great importance in St. Petersburg: “Onegin in the latest fashion, / Like a London dandy dressed”; dandyism is fashionable as a way of life and, of course, blues as a Byronic mask of a secular person and, as a result, a special type of behavior (“But wildly secular enmity / Afraid of false shame”).

Life in Moscow is slow, static, unchanging. There are many reminiscences of "Woe from Wit" in the novel. The spirit of family reigns here - this is the main motive in the depiction of Moscow society - patriarchy, everyone calls each other by their first name and patronymic: Pelageya Nikolaevna, Lukerya Lvovna, Lyubov Petrovna; hospitality:

Relatives, who arrived from afar,

Sweet meeting everywhere

And exclamations, and bread and salt.

Moscow gossip, unlike St. Petersburg gossip, looks at home, like talking about each other in a large family, where we will tell all the secrets:

Everything in them is so pale, indifferent;

They slander even boringly.

In depicting the life of the provincial nobility, Pushkin follows Fonvizin: he gives an idea of ​​the characters with the help of the names of Fonvizin's heroes. Here reigns the "past century" and the past literary tradition with its "talking" surnames:

...fat Trivia.

Gvozdin, an excellent host,

Owner of poor men;

Skotinins, gray-haired couple,

With children of all ages.

thirty to two years old.

The main feature of the provincial nobility is patriarchy, fidelity to antiquity (“They kept in a peaceful life / Habits of sweet old times”), in the relationship at the table, the features of the Catherine’s era were preserved (“And at the table they had guests / They wore dishes according to their ranks”). Village entertainment - hunting, guests and a special place is occupied by a ball, where ancient trends still dominate (“the mazurka still retained / The original beauty”). The villagers are one big family, they love to gossip about each other, gossip:

Everyone began to interpret furtively,

Joking, judging is not without sin,

Tatyana read the groom ...

The fate of the provincial nobles is traditional (the fate of Tatyana's mother, the alleged fate of Lensky). The provincial nobility appears in the novel as a caricature of the high society, but at the same time, it is in the provinces that Tatiana's appearance is possible.

Depiction of the life of the local and metropolitan nobility. Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" is the first Russian realistic novel, truthfully and widely showing Russian life in the 20s of the 19th century. This was the time of the rise of national self-consciousness, awakened by the war of 1812, the growing dissatisfaction of the progressive noble intelligentsia with the autocratic-feudal system.

Pushkin, an advanced man of his era, could not pass by the most pressing issues of the day and responded to them with the novel "Eugene Onegin", rightly called by the critic Belinsky "an encyclopedia of Russian life."

One of the questions raised on the pages of the novel was the question of the Russian nobility, provincial and metropolitan. In his novel, Pushkin truthfully showed the way of life, life, interests of the nobility and gave an accurate description of the representatives of this society. Behind the good nature of the author is often a very ironic description of a particular hero. For example, when it comes to Uncle Onegin, who lives on his estate, the poet writes:

For forty years I fought with the housekeeper,

He looked out the window and crushed flies.

With the same irony, the poet speaks of the "life of the peaceful" Larin family, but he likes their "habits of dear old times." And for this closeness to folk customs, Pushkin sympathizes with the Larin family. The winds of the world have not yet reached them, and they still famously dance the mazurka, bake pancakes for Shrovetide, “twice a year they go to bed” and “they carry dishes according to their ranks.” Dmitry Larin himself "... was a kind fellow, belated in the last century." He did not read books, did not delve into the economy, into the upbringing of children, "ate and drank in a dressing gown" and "died an hour before dinner."

Very figuratively, the poet showed us the guests of the Larins, who had come to Tatyana's name day. Here are “fat Pustyakov”, and “Gvozdin, an excellent host, owner of poor peasants”, and “county dandy Petushkov”, and “retired adviser Flyanov, a heavy gossip, an old rogue, a glutton, a bribe taker and a jester”. "Skotinins - a gray-haired couple" - as if from "Undergrowth" they migrated to Pushkin's novel. Such is the provincial nobility of the 19th century, not far removed in their views and way of life from the nobility of the 18th century.

The landlords lived in the old fashioned way, did not trouble themselves with anything, led an empty lifestyle. They cared only about their well-being, had “a whole system of liqueurs” and, having gathered together, they spoke “... about haymaking, about wine, about the kennel, about their relatives” and condemned each other. Beyond these conversations, their interests did not go. Unless talking about new people who appeared in their society, about whom they composed a lot of fables. The landowners, on the other hand, dreamed of giving their daughters in marriage profitably and literally caught suitors for them. So it was with Lensky: "All the daughters predicted their half-Russian neighbor."

The cultural demands of the provincial nobles were also very low. Pushkin, in just a few words, gives a well-aimed and complete characterization of the cruelty of the landowners. So, Larina "shaved the foreheads" of the guilty peasants, "she beat the maids when she was angry."

A cruel and greedy serf-owner, she forced the girls to sing while picking berries, “so that evil lips would not secretly eat the master’s berries.”

When Eugene, having arrived in the village, “replaced the yoke ... of corvée with an old quitrent with a light one,” then “... in his corner he pouted, seeing this as a terrible harm, his prudent neighbor,” probably such as the Skotinins or the same Gvozdin. Everything the poet talks about is true; this and his personal observation of the life of the provincial nobility, in exile in Mikhailovsky he saw it all with his own eyes.

The novel also depicts the life of the capital's aristocratic society. The life of the nobility is a continuous holiday. It was the system of the autocratic-serf system that allowed them to lead such a way of life. Theaters, balls, restaurants - this is the main occupation of the capital's nobility. They did not want to work, because "stubborn work was sickening to them." An empty, inactive life in a secular society was considered normal. The author of the novel introduced us in detail to "the studies of Eugene Onegin and, using the example of one day spent by him, showed that the life of society was very" monotonous and motley, and tomorrow is the same as yesterday. Pushkin, who is critical of such a life, satirically draws typical representatives of high society. The color of the capital is "necessary fools", "for all the angry gentlemen", "dictators", "evil-looking ladies" and "non-smiling girls". Without a goal, without moving forward - this is how we saw the aristocratic nobles who filled the secular living rooms of St. Petersburg and Moscow:

Everything in them is so pale, indifferent:

They slander even boringly,

In the barren dryness of speeches,

Questions, gossip and news

Thoughts will not flash for a whole day.

Though by chance, even at random.

Both the local nobility and the capital bowed to everything foreign. In every nobleman's house there were foreign luxury items that Paris and "London scrupulous ... carry us for timber and lard." Everywhere they wore clothes in a foreign style and spoke French:

But pantaloons, tailcoat, vest,

All these words are not in Russian.

Tatyana, "Russian in soul", having got into Petersburg society, learned the science of "ruling oneself", about which Onegin spoke to her. The upper world can re-educate anyone into a secular person, as he should be in the understanding of “decisive and strict judges”, so that they “say about him for a whole century: what a wonderful person”.

From early childhood, the nobles were instilled with the traits of a chirrier man, who should be a grip or a dandy, so that “he could endure the cold of life over the years,” so that he “did not shy away from the mob of the secular” and at the age of thirty he was “favorably married.”

The characterization of the nobles given by the poet shows that they had one goal in front of them - to achieve fame and rank. Pushkin is true to his principles and always condemns such people in his works. In the novel "Eugene Onegin" he satirically denounces the lifestyle of the local and metropolitan nobility. At the same time, the poet accurately points to the main enemy that allows the nobility to lead such a way of life - the autocratic-serf system.

(376 words) Pushkin in his novel "Eugene Onegin" depicts the nobility of the capital and the local nobility, defining similar and different features. In this analysis, we really see the encyclopedia of Russian life, about which V. Belinsky wrote.

Let's start with the metropolitan nobility. The author notes that the life of St. Petersburg is "monotonous and motley". This is a late awakening, "notes" with invitations to a ball, a party or a children's party. The hero reluctantly chooses any kind of entertainment, then takes care of his appearance and goes to visit. This is how almost the entire noble society of St. Petersburg spends its time. Here people are accustomed to external brilliance, they care about being known as cultured and educated, so they devote a lot of time to talking about philosophy, about literature, but in reality their culture is only superficial. For example, visiting the theater in St. Petersburg has been turned into a ritual. Onegin comes to the ballet, although he is not at all interested in what is happening on stage. As for the spiritual life, Tatyana in the finale calls secular life a masquerade. The nobility in the capital lives only with feigned feelings.

In Moscow, according to the author, there are fewer claims to high European culture. In chapter 7, he does not mention theater, literature, or philosophy. But here you can hear a lot of gossip. Everyone discusses each other, but at the same time, all conversations are conducted within the framework of accepted rules, so you won’t hear a single living word in a secular living room. The author also notes that representatives of Moscow society do not change over time: “Lukerya Lvovna is all whitening, Lyubov Petrovna is also lying.” The absence of change means that these people do not really live, but only exist.

The local nobility is depicted in connection with the village life of Onegin and the life of the Larin family. The landlords in the perception of the author are simple and kind people. They live in unity with nature. They are close to folk traditions and customs. For example, it is said about the Larin family: “They kept in their life the peaceful habits of sweet antiquity.” The author writes about them with a warmer feeling than about the nobles of the capital, since life in the countryside is more natural. They are easy to communicate, able to make friends. However, Pushkin does not idealize them. First of all, the landlords are far from high culture. They hardly read books. For example, Onegin's uncle read only the calendar, Tatyana's father did not like to read at all, however, he "did not see any harm in books", so he allowed his daughter to get carried away with them.

Thus, the landowners in the image of Pushkin are good-natured, natural, but not too developed people, and the courtiers appear as false, hypocritical, idle, but slightly more educated nobles.

Onegin and the capital's noble society. One day in the life of Onegin.

Lesson Objectives:

1. deepen students' understanding of the novel, of the era depicted in it;

2. determine how Pushkin relates to the nobility;

3. improve the skills of literary text analysis;

4. develop oral speech, the ability to highlight the main thing, to compare;

Interdisciplinary connections: history, art.

During the classes

Orgmoment

2. Repetition of previously studied material.

Before we start working on the topic of the lesson, let's divide into 2 groups. The pass ticket for students to the lesson is the correct answer to the blitz survey.

Find out which of the characters owns the words of the author: Onegin or Lensky?

“Having lived without a goal, without labor until the age of 26…”

"He had a sweet heart, an ignoramus ..."

“It’s stupid for me to interfere with his momentary bliss…”

“He brought fruits of learning from foggy Germany ...”

“In love, being considered a disabled person ...”

"A fan of Kant and a poet...

“In short, the Russian melancholy took possession of him little by little ...”

“And black curls to the shoulders…”

“But hard work was sickening to him ...”

"He shared her amusements..."

3. Preparation for the perception of the topic of the lesson

Teacher's word:

Yes, the great Russian critic V.G. Belinsky did not accidentally name the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" "an encyclopedia of Russian life". Based on the novel, one can judge the era, study the life of Russia in the 10-20s of the 19th century. So, the topic of our lesson is: “The nobility in A. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”.

Student's message "History of the noble class"

The images of the nobles occupy a central place in the novel "Eugene Onegin". Our main characters are representatives of the nobility. Pushkin truthfully depicts the environment in which the characters live.

3. Work on the topic of the lesson (novel analysis)

Teacher's word:

Pushkin described one day of Onegin, but in it he was able to generalize the whole life of the St. Petersburg nobility. Of course, such a life could not satisfy an intelligent, thinking person. We understand why Onegin was disappointed in the surrounding society, in life.

So, Petersburg life is hurried, bright and colorful, full of events.

At the balls, dramas of passions, intrigues were played out, deals were made, careers were arranged.

Class assignment.

1. How are Onegin's uncle and Tatyana's father represented? What traits of their character does Pushkin single out?

(good-natured lazy people, rural playboys of life;

the squalor of spiritual interests is characteristic; Larin was

“Good fellow”, he did not read books, he entrusted the household to his wife. Uncle Onegin "quarreled with the housekeeper, crushed flies")

Tell the story of Praskovya Larina's life.

What is the difference between heroes and Onegin?

4. Word of the teacher.

The subtopic of our lesson is "One day in the life of Onegin".

Let's set ourselves the following goals:

We must expressively read Chapter I and comment on it;

Determine the place of the chapter in the composition of the novel;

We will work on the image of Eugene Onegin, we will observe the life of the noble intelligentsia;

We will work thoughtfully, collected; to be able to draw up a plan in a notebook by the end of the lesson and answerproblem question:

“But was my Eugene happy?”

(An episode from the life of a hero: Onegin goes to the village to his dying uncle)

What is striking in the nature of the language in the first lines of the novel?

(unusual simplicity of narration, "conversational tone", ease of narration, one feels a good joke, irony).

4.- As we work with the text, we will composemental map :

Onegin Day

Walking along the boulevards (non-sleeping breguet)

Ball (noise, noise)

Lunch at a restaurant (foreign dishes)

Theater visit Return (double lorgnette)

5. Work in groups (The class is divided into 3 groups, each receives a task to search for information in the text)

Aimless walks along the boulevards .
The boulevard in the 19th century was located on Nevsky Prospekt. Before

14.00 - it was a place for a morning walk of people

vet society.

Lunch at a restaurant.
The description of the dinner emphasizes the list of dishes entirely.

non-Russian cuisine. Pushkin makes fun of the French

names-addictions to everything foreign

Conclusion: These stanzas reflect the typical aspects of life.

Petersburg secular youth.

3. Visiting the theater.

Who remembers what Pushkin preferred in

period of Petersburg life? (habitue of the theater, connoisseur

and connoisseur of acting).

What does the poet say about theater and actors? (gives

description of the theatrical repertoire)

How does Pushkin ballet sing?(live pictures appear in the reader's imagination. The theater was located on the Theater Square, on the site of the current Conservatory. The performance is at 17.00).

How does Onegin behave in the theater?(looks around casually, bows to the men, double lorgnette points at unfamiliar ladies).

Conclusion: For the first time in the lines about Onegin, his weariness with life, his dissatisfaction with it, is mentioned).
VII. Commented reading beyond Chapter I.

1. Return home.
- Let's read the description of Onegin's office?

What kind of things are found here? (amber, bronze, porcelain, perfumes in cut crystal, combs, nail files, etc.)

Like listing dishes in a restaurant, Pushkin recreates the atmosphere of the life of a young man of St. Petersburg society.
2. Onegin goes to the ball.

When does Onegin return home? (“Already ... awakened by a drum,” these are the signals at 6.00 in the morning wake-up of soldiers in the barracks)
- The labor day of the big city begins. And Eugene Onegin's day had just come to an end.

- “And tomorrow again, like yesterday” ... This stanza summarizes a number of past paintings, indicating that the past day was an ordinary day for Onegin.
- The author asks the question: “But was my Eugene happy?”

And what happens to Onegin? (spleen, dissatisfaction with life,

boredom, monotony disappoints).

What was the hero trying to do? (began to read, tried to take up the pen,

but this increased the disappointment, caused a skeptical attitude towards everything)

Who is to blame that Onegin has become like that, knows nothing, is not busy with anything?

VIII. Lesson summary .
- What did we learn about the hero from Chapter I? (Learned about the origin, upbringing, education and lifestyle of the hero).
- We found out what environment surrounds him and shapes his views and tastes. Not only an individual hero is depicted, but a typical character of the era, this is the realism of the novel.
- The nature of Chapter I allows us to say that we have an exposition (introduction) of the novel. Ahead, obviously, there will be events, life clashes, and in them the personality of the hero will be revealed more fully, on a larger scale.

IX. Homework.

1. An expressive reading of the second chapter.

2. Make bookmarks in the text: the life of the Larins, the portrait of Olga, the image of Lensky.

In this novel, the author openly and without embellishment shows both sides of the nobility. All old school representatives of high society, seasoned, noble, have a sharp inquisitive mind. For them, there are no vivid emotions and vulgarity, if an aristocrat feels contempt or surprise, he does not show it, conversations are conducted on highly spiritual topics.

The local nobility is a part of people who belong to a noble family, but do not have the proper education, their manners do not radiate sophistication. All actions are hypocritical, aimed at satisfying their base needs. Such cream of society often receive training at home.

Accordingly, all sciences have been studied superficially, the necessary knowledge has not been obtained, therefore, the conversations of such nobles are empty, cutesy with excessive arrogance, which they justify with their attitude towards the nobility.

In this work, the local nobility is expressed in the Larin family and their neighbors, Onegin did not go to visit them, so as not to constantly hear stories about peasants, about how to pickle mushrooms or feed pigs properly.

Tatyana's mother was from a noble family, when she got married and came to live in the village, at first she resisted circumstances for a long time, wore beautiful outfits, and spoke French. But soon this life broke her, she got used to the society of peasants, began to manage the economy.

An example of the fact that Tatyana also became close to the peasants, she can wash herself with snow, is friends with her nanny, the way of life brings its own adjustments even to the most refined and highly spiritual natures. Onegin, in order to go out for dinner, changes clothes, puts himself in order, while Larins can sit down at the table in dressing gowns, a cap and everyday clothes.

Many habits of the local nobility are relics of the past, but on the other hand, it is the preservation of the traditions of our ancestors. Onegin himself is a representative of the metropolitan aristocracy, educated, cultured, but spends all his time at balls in restaurants. He spends a lot of time in his office, where he takes care of himself, then reads books. That's why this monotony made him depressed, he was tired of everything.

He himself is very smart, his mind is comprehensively developed, his views on life are progressive, he understands and perceives everything beautiful in this world. And the rest of the circle of aristocrats is empty, hypocritical, selfish. Their apparent employment and activity, in fact, does not produce anything and does not bring any benefit. Only an endless waste of time, huge amounts of money for balls and entertainment.

Onegin does not find a place for himself in the capital's aristocratic circles, he is bored and not interested there. At the same time, Tatyana is in her estate in a circle of peasants, who have gathered on the next day to dine with their neighbors and talk about how the day went.

To get away from this unsatisfying society, Onegin came to the village, Tatyana began to read novels. Tatyana is spiritually developed, she loves nature, well-mannered, smart and subtle personality. Soon this heroine will become a real secular lady with the necessary level of education. At the same time, she is simple and sincere, these best features of the Russian character, the author gave to our heroine.

It’s just that the nobles living in the outback are ill-mannered, have the habits of peasants, but have retained the customs of their ancestors. As a result, in each of these societies there is something positive and negative, these are two inseparable parts of society.

Composition Capital and local nobility

One of the main plot lines of the novel is the description of the Russian nobility. The work "Eugene Onegin" describes in detail the life and customs of society. When you read it, it's like you're in that time. A.S. Pushkin described secular and rural life from his own experience. The author's attitude is ambiguous towards different strata of society, he ridicules secular society, and writes with sympathy about the local nobility

The metropolitan nobility is expressed in the daily routine of Onegin - the morning begins in the afternoon, a short walk to the restaurant, after dinner a trip to the theater, and at night the main celebration is a ball. And in the morning, when working Petersburg wakes up, the nobles leave the ball. The metropolitan nobility can be described as fussy, idle, and their main feature is boredom. In their life there are only balls, gossip, everyone is afraid of the opinions of others. They are all chasing fashion so that the outfit is better than the other. People from high society are selfish and indifferent, they are artificial, everyone smiles sweetly in public, and gossips evilly behind their backs. Knowledge and feelings are superficial, in such a society such a person as Tatyana Larina could never grow up. In this society, life is filled with constant balls, card games, intrigues. Years go by, people grow old, but their life does not change.

The provincial nobility is a tribute to antiquity, patriarchy and family values ​​​​rule here. Life in the village is slow, everything goes on as usual, nothing changes significantly. People are ignorant and not very smart, the main topics of conversation are haymaking and kennels, if something extraordinary happens, it will be discussed for a very long time. Gossip here goes like home, as they are all like a big family and everyone knows everything about each other. There is not much entertainment in the village - it's a hunting trip or a visit. The main celebration is a ball, where ancient traditions have been preserved. Pushkin through the names clearly depicts the characters of the landowners (Skotinins, Buyanov, Petushkov)

The provincial nobility is a caricature of the capital. To show his upbringing in high society, it was enough to know French perfectly, be able to dance and have the manners of a secular person. It is in the metropolitan society that people become hypocrites and hide their feelings. Pushkin, describing different strata of society, gives his preference to the landlords living in the countryside, who still retained folk traditions and life principles.