Indian fairy tales for children are short to read. Section with films "Fairy Tale

So the wife carried a bundle of rice on her head, and a jug hung on a string on her wrist. And they went from her parents to their home. The husband walked in front and the wife walked behind. And just as she descended into the hollow, out of nowhere the bhut took on a human form and followed her. The woman thinks: “That's right, this is some kind of santal. It's also going somewhere." She didn't tell him anything, and he didn't tell her anything. And the sun did not reach the sunset by only two stakes - it was time for the night.

Bushes grew around the tree. The partridge climbed into them and began flapping its wings with all its might. With loud barking, the dogs rushed to the noise: it seemed to them that a large animal was hiding in the bushes. Partridge fluttered - and straight to the hole where the jackal hid. The dogs are after her. One dog smelled a jackal, gave a voice. Then the rest ran up, pulled the jackal out of the hole, and let's beat him up. The jackal howled in pain, but the dogs at least had something. Finally they left him half dead.

“Well, a joker,” the animals think. They will laugh at the invention of the jackal, repeating his rhyme after him, drink water and go home. At noon, a tiger came to the lake. The jackal forced him to greet him too. The tiger, like everyone else, laughed, repeated his stupid rhyme after the jackal, and drank some water. And the jackal is bursting with joy.

Hear me out and resolve our dispute. This tiger is in a cage. I heard his terrible roar, took pity on him, removed the bolt from the cage and released the tiger to freedom. And now he wants to eat me. Tell me, is it fair, and isn't there justice in the world?

The peasant heard that someone was calling him, and was surprised: after all, there was no one on the field. Whose voice is this? Who could it be? Looking around, he went in the direction from which the call was heard, and when he came closer and peered, his surprise knew no bounds - in front of him with a bundle on his head lay a watermelon.

The boy obeyed, and when he climbed the tree, he did as the witch had taught him. But as soon as he stood with his foot on a dry branch, it immediately broke. And the witch was already standing under the tree with an open bag, and the boy fell right into it. The witch quickly tied the sack and went home.

The younger brother had no idea about deceit and cunning. He gave the box to his older brother. Everyone was tired during the day and, as they lay down, they fell asleep. The elder brother did not sleep. He quietly woke up all his brothers, except for the younger one, and they left the forest. When the prince opened his eyes in the morning and found that the brothers were gone, he became sad. But what can you do? He gathered his strength and set off on his way. A few days later he came to some city. There the king had a dumb daughter. Heralds with drums walked the streets and shouted loudly that the king would give the princess in marriage to someone who would force her to speak. And whoever tries and fails will go to jail. The prince heard the heralds and thought: one should not rush in any matter. So he decided to stay at the inn.

The headman began to pour wheat into a pot. It pours and pours, but it doesn’t fill to the top. He poured more, looks - and the pot, as it was, remained empty. Then the headman took a large scoop and began to scoop up wheat from the bin more quickly. An hour passed, two, three: the headman pours wheat into a pot, but it is still almost empty! All the wheat from the barn had to be scooped out by the headman in order to somehow fill the pot. The headman was out of breath, sweat rolling down from him. From greed and anger there is no face on it: such a tiny pot, but it contained all its wheat! Here, of course, it was not without witchcraft! It is a pity for the headman to part with his wheat, but he is silent, does not open his mouth. And what's the use of talking? He himself promised!

M, "Children's Literature", 1988

"Around the gray-bearded storyteller in a snow-white turban, children huddled. It's stuffy in the house, but here, in the courtyard, fenced with a blank wall, under the night tropical Indian sky with large stars and a bright moon, one breathes easier. Grandpa's speech flows smoothly and smoothly. Grandfather tells a fairy tale. Attention, delight, enthusiasm, an incomparable feeling of joy from meeting with the miraculous were imprinted on the children's faces at the same time" - with such fabulous words begins Volume III of the series "Tales of the Peoples of the World" - "Tales of the Peoples of Asia". The compiler of the volume and the author of the introductory article and notes is Nikulin Nikolai Ivanovich. Indian folk tales included in our audio book are taken from this volume: "Brother Ambe and brother Rambe", "Stupid crocodile", "Once upon a time there was a sparrow", "The nightingale and the cotton bush", "About how the Sun, Moon and The wind went to dinner", "This is for that", "Good Dhir Singh", "Golden fish", "Pepper seed", "Poor weaver", "Three princes", "Who is afraid of whom?", "Sant and Basant" , "Test of the Mind", "Stupid Brahmin", "Tenali Ramakrishna's Cat", "Pull", "Pandit's Son", "What Did the Bear Whisper in Your Ear?", "The Deaf", "Light from the Temple", "The Man Who Went seek your destiny", "Sweets from the sky", "Rooster and cat", "You are not averse to listening to a fairy tale, but I can't stand hunger", "Hunter and Crow", "Ugly name", "Pea and Bobok". Basically, fairy tales are magical, about animals and household.
Animals in fairy tales speak and understand human speech, they help the positive hero. In many Indian tales, you will feel the mocking attitude towards monkeys; they apparently reminded the storytellers of fussy and unlucky people. No wonder in ancient India they said about such people that they were "changeable, like the thoughts of monkeys."
We love fairy tales no less. These are fairy tales in which a supernatural force necessarily operates. All interest in a fairy tale is concentrated on the fate of a good hero.
Later, household tales appeared. They do not have supernatural powers, magical items, or animals with magical powers. In everyday fairy tales, the hero is helped by his own dexterity, ingenuity, as well as the stupidity and slow-wittedness of his opponent. The hero of an Indian fairy tale, the clever and resourceful Tenali Ramakrishna, skillfully deceives the tyrant king. In everyday fairy tales there is a hero, whom A. M. Gorky aptly called "an ironic lucky man", a classic example of which may be Ivanushka - the fool from Russian fairy tales. He is stupid, narrow-minded, but he has good luck everywhere. In Indian folklore, such a hero is a stupid Brahmin - a clergyman. He pretends to be learned and smart, versed in divination books, but in fact he is shaking with fear every time he needs to show his art. But invariably, an accident comes to his rescue every time, and the glory of a wise soothsayer is more and more firmly fixed to him. These are definitely funny stories.
The literature of each nation is rooted in oral folk art. The Indian epic poems "Mahabharata" and "Ramayana" are closely connected with Indian folklore. The authors of the ancient Indian collections of stories "Panchatantra" (five books of fables and stories) and "Jataka" drew motives, plots and images of their works from folk tales. In the literary monument of the 11th century by the Indian poet Somadeva, "The Ocean of Legends", there are over three hundred inserted stories: a fairy tale is intertwined with myth, then with an anecdote, then with a short story. Amusing motifs of Indian fairy tales were also included in the huge collection of "Old Tales", which appeared in the 11th century in Japan.
Centuries pass, generations change, and interest in the fairy tale does not dry out. Let the most modern format sound tempting in your home - audio fairy tales. Listen online, download and enjoy the folk tales of India!

"Brother Ambe and Brother Rambe" is an Indian folk audio tale about animals about resourceful mice who managed to outwit a cat in the processing of S. F. Oldenburg. "A cat lived in one large house, and there were many mice in the house. The cat caught mice, ate them and lived freely. A lot of time passed, the cat got old, and it became difficult for him to catch mice. He thought, he thought how ...

Indian folk audio tale "Stupid Crocodile", translated by N. Tolstoy. A fairy tale about animals: a predatory, stupid crocodile and a cunning jackal, who every time manages to outwit the crocodile and thereby save his own life. “Once upon a time there was a jackal in his hole near the river ... And a crocodile lived in the river. Every day he hid under the bushes near the shore in the hope that ...

"Once upon a time there was a sparrow" - an Indian folk audio tale from the series "Tales of the peoples of the world, volume 3 - Tales of the peoples of Asia, translated by G. Zograf." Once upon a time there were a sparrow with a sparrow, and there lived - there was a king. They built a sparrow and a sparrow's nest in the royal palace. The king lived in the chambers, and the sparrow with the sparrow - in his nest. Once the king dressed up in a new dress - ...

"The Nightingale and the Cotton Bush" - an Indian folk audio tale about animals, processed by S. F. Oldenburg, - tells about the habits, in our fairy tale, of a nightingale. A fabulous explanation is given - why nightingales never sit on cotton bushes. The tale ends with the following words: "... The nightingale got angry and, when the birds flew away, he said to the cotton one ...

"About how the Sun, Moon and Wind went to dinner" - Indian folk legendary audio tale from the cycle "Tales of the peoples of the world" in the processing of S. F. Oldenburg. The etymological Indian folk tale reflects the natural world of India. In a fabulous way, the reason for the scorching sun in India is explained ("... from now on, your rays will be burning, and ...

Indian folk audio tale about animals "This is for that", arranged by S. F. Oldenburg. “Once upon a time there were two friends - a camel and a jackal, and the jackal said to the camel: - On the other side of the river there is a field of sugar cane. We will cross the river, you will eat sweet cane, and I will catch fish for myself, and we will have a good dinner. - The camel took the jackal on the back,...

Indian folk magic audio fairy tale "Good Dhir Singh", translation by A. and L. Barkhudarovs, volume 3 "Tales of the peoples of Asia". The fairy tale teaches kindness, sets off heroes with small deeds, separates good and evil. There lived a king. He was famous not for military victories, but for the construction of beautiful houses and temples. Good king!? He built the most beautiful palace. Too...

"Golden Fish" - Indian folk audio tale from the cycle "Tales of the peoples of the world", translated by N. Gurov. Tale of a greedy old woman and a weak-willed old man - a fisherman. Thanks to A.S. Pushkin - a plot known to all Russian fairy tale lovers. The audio fairy tale "Golden Fish" ends with these words: "... The old woman sits and cries bitterly: I looked at her ...

Indian folk magic audio fairy tale "Pepper seed", translated by N. Gurov, "Tales of the peoples of Asia" - 3 volume of "Tales of the peoples of the world". The mother had two hunter sons. One day they did not return home in the evening. The old woman was frightened - how can she live alone now: scared and hungry. A passing sorcerer gave her 6 pepper grains, ordered to put them in a jug, ...

"The Poor Weaver" is an Indian folk audio tale from the cycle "Tales of the Peoples of the World", Volume 3 - "Tales of the Peoples of Asia", translated by G. Zograf. A fairy tale about magical helpers, about a trusting weaver and a deceiver and a thief, an old woman who was taught a lesson by a poor weaver at the end of the tale. Himself "... since then he no longer lived in poverty." To listen...

"Three princes" - an Indian folk audio tale from the cycle "Tales of the peoples of the world" - 3 volume, "Tales of the peoples of Asia", translated by V. Balin. "In ancient times there lived a king. He had three sons, one better than the other: both brave, and smart, and reasonable. When the king grew old, he decided to leave his kingdom and live the rest of his days as a hermit in a holy monastery ....

"Who is afraid of whom" - Indian folk audio tale from the cycle "Tales of the peoples of the world", translated by N. Gurov. A fairy tale about an evil spirit. "Not far from one village grew a tall tree. A rakshas lived on this tree for a long time - an evil spirit - a cannibal ... One day two women, two sisters, came there from the village, and stood under the very tree for themselves ...

Indian folk audio tale "Sant and Basant", translated by A. Barkhudarov, "Tales of the peoples of Asia" - Volume 3 of "Tales of the peoples of the world". Once upon a time there was a king and a queen, they had two sons. The elder was called Sant, and the younger was Basant. They were a happy, loving family. In the queen's bedchamber, a bird made a nest, and two chicks hatched there. Caring birds fed...

"Test of the Mind" - an Indian folk audio tale - a parable from the cycle "Tales of the Peoples of the World", translated by G. Zograf. The young king had an old adviser - experienced and wise. "... The young king highly honored the adviser and did everything as he said. They see other courtiers in what honor the adviser is, and they lost their peace - envy tortured them. Everyone vied with each other ...

Indian folk household audio tale "Stupid Brahmin" about a lazy and cowardly Brahmin. Brahman - a person from the highest - priestly class in ancient India. The god Brahma is the highest deity among the Hindus. Goddess Bhavani (who was prayed to by the unlucky but fortunate Brahmin) is a Hindu goddess, the mother guardian of the earth. Pandit is a scientist...

Indian folk household audio fairy tale "Tenali Ramakrishna's cat", translated by N. Gurov, "Tales of the peoples of Asia" - 3 volume of "Tales of the peoples of the world". About the resourceful poet and the need for wise decisions of rulers. "Many years ago, the clever and cheerful poet Tenali Ramakrishna lived at the court of the great king Krishnadevaraya. They say that he once called for ...

Indian folk household audio tale "Pull" about a clumsy boy and a savvy rogue servant, translated by G. Zograf. "Once upon a time there was a boy. Such a simple-hearted, slow-witted, he can neither stand up nor turn around. They invited him once to a wedding. So his father sent a servant with him. And the servant was very intelligent. All the way he instructed the boy to be a guest. ..

Indian folk household audio fairy tale "Son of a Pandit" (Pandit is a learned Brahmin), translated by B. Kuznetsov. "At the court of King Pradeep, poets and pandits were held in high esteem. Among them was one pandit named Vidyadhar - the source of knowledge. Vidyadhar's father, grandfather and great-grandfather were court poets. After the death of his father, Vidyadhar took his place. But from his ...

Indian folk household audio tale "What did the bear whisper in your ear?" has a similar plot to the Russian folk tale "Two Comrades". “Two friends were walking through the forest. Suddenly they see a bear. One, in fear, climbed a tree and hid in the foliage. The other remained in front of the bear without any protection. He fell to the ground and lies as if dead. He once heard that ...

The Indian folk household audio fairy tale "The Deaf" is an Indian interpretation of what a funny situation happens when the speakers do not hear each other. "There lived a shepherd in the village with his wife and parents. And all four of them were hard of hearing. Once the shepherd was plowing the field, and two passers-by were walking by. They ask him: - We need to go to Ramnagar. What kind of ...

Indian folk household audio fairy tale "Light from the Temple", translated by G. Zograf. “There lived a rich man in one village, and there was a pond opposite his house. Once a poor man came to the rich man and asked for help. The rich man said: “You will stand all night in the pond, I will give you twenty rupees. that he will not refuse the promise ... "...

Indian folk magic audio fairy tale "The Man Who Was Looking for His Destiny", processed by S. F. Oldenburg. There once lived a man. He had a wife and twelve children, and not a single rupee of money. The children were crying from hunger, and the parents did not know what to do. The man got angry with God and went to seek his fate. In the forest he met a camel with...

Indian folk household audio tale "Sweets from the sky", with a well-known international plot, incl. the plot of the Spanish fairy tale "When donuts fell from the sky", translated by G. Zograf. One poor woman lived by spinning thread. She had a son. Once she gave him the thread to take to the market - to sell. He goes, goes, looking - the lizard is sitting on the fence. Lizard...

Indian folk audio tale "The Rooster and the Cat". Once upon a time there was a rooster. And the cat often ran into the house, which always stole something from the kitchen. Every time a rooster saw a cat, he shouted ku-ka-re-ku, people came running and drove the cat away. The cat decided that it was necessary to lure the rooster into her allies. She promised him that she would take the rooster as a share ...

Indian folk household audio fairy tale "You are not averse to listening to a fairy tale", translated by G. Zograf - about a stingy housewife and a hungry passerby. There lived a husband and wife in the same village. They were very mean. God forbid a passer-by knock on their door. They won’t feed him, they won’t give him water, they will hardly find a place for him to spend the night, and they will even force him to work. I knocked on them...

Indian folk fairy tale "The Hunter and the Crow". The hunter had a crow. She fed with him, then flew away early in the morning and returned at night. She spent the whole day in the courtyard of the god Brahma. There she learned all the news and plans of Brahma and told the hunter what to do. No matter how hard Brahma tried to destroy the rice crop and arrange ...

Indian folk household audio fairy tale "Ugly name", translated by G. Zograf, "Tales of the peoples of Asia" - 3 volume of "Tales of the peoples of the world". There lived a peasant with his wife in the same village. His name was Thunthuniya. Every day, his wife said to him: - What an ugly name you have! Take yourself another - beautiful. One morning Thunthuniya went out of the house to look for...

Indian folk magic audio fairy tale "Pea and Bobok" is about kind and evil, hardworking and lazy, modest and arrogant sisters. There once lived two sisters. The eldest Bobok was grumpy and angry, and the youngest, Goroshina, was kind and affectionate. Once Goroshina called her sister to visit her father together. She replied that she did not want to go to the heat for the sake of the old man ...

The ancestors of the population of India came to this land from different parts of the earth. Therefore, today Indian tales are told by hundreds of nationalities inhabiting the country.

How to distinguish an Indian fairy tale?

Despite all the diversity of cultures, religions and even languages, the best Indian fairy tales for children have some peculiarities. The main focus of most stories are:

desire for knowledge;

religiosity;

preference for a righteous lifestyle;

putting family values ​​at the forefront;

the inclusion of poetic forms.

Religious quotations and teachings are directly put into the mouths of some heroes.

Brief history of creation

Old Indian legends date back to before our era. Then they were created as teachings for the sons of the ruler of the country. But they already had a fabulous form, were written on behalf of animals. The oldest collection directly with fairy tales is Kathasaritsagaru, based on ancient beliefs in traditional Indian gods.

Gradually, all folklore plots took shape. There were magical, everyday, love, heroic tales. In the folk art of the country, many stories were composed about ordinary people who defeated all the hardships of fate. Fabulous notions about animals with all human qualities spread. They interacted with each other, denounced vices, praised virtuous behavior. Often the narrative included short advice given by the wisest hero. These are the stories to this day.

What attracts the amazing legends of India?

The fabulous fantasies of India attract with their amazingly colorful oriental color, storytelling style and, of course, the abundance of magical stories. At the same time, the child unobtrusively receives wise advice, forms the correct vision of the world around people and animals.

Municipal state educational institution

"Baranovskaya secondary school"

History project

India is the birthplace of fairy tales

about animals"

Completed by a 5th grade student

Ivanova Kristina

Head: Grigorova L. M.,

teacher of history and social studies

With. Baranovo.

Introduction

1. Sacred Animals of India

2. Tales about animals, their features and varieties

Conclusion

Sources of information

Applications

Introduction

India is one of the most amazing countries in the world. Perhaps no country can compare with its richest culture, its customs, traditions and religions. Acquaintance with India began for me since childhood, when I read R. Kipling's fairy tale "Mowgli". And then we studied India in history class.

India is located on the Hindustan Peninsula. It has a rich flora and fauna. India is a "wonderland". She gave the world many amazing discoveries: cotton fabrics, cane sugar, spices, chess, numbers. India is a multinational country. Each nation has its own culture, language and traditions. India is a country with rich religious traditions.

Problem:

Why did animal tales appear in India?

Target my project: to find out the connection between religious beliefs and Indian folklore.

find information on a topic;

establish a connection between religious beliefs and plots of Indian fairy tales;

4) select and systematize the necessary material;

5) compose a literary booklet of Indian fairy tales and recommend it to classmates for reading.

The theme of this project was not chosen by chance. I and all the guys in our class love fairy tales, especially fairy tales about animals. In the history lesson, we learned that India is considered the birthplace of fairy tales. “Why exactly is she?” I thought and decided to find out more about this and introduce the guys to my research.

Sacred Animals of India

Hinduism is one of the ancient and main religions of India. Hinduism is a belief in myths and legends, the worship of gods, of which there are several thousand, but the main three are Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva. Hinduism is a way of life where respect for animals occupies a special place. All animals were considered brothers and sisters of man, whose common father was God. Hinduism emphasizes the kinship of man with all animals, and this makes it impossible to be hostile or even indifferent towards animals. Indians believe in the transmigration of souls - this is called reincarnation. If a person treats animals cruelly, then after death, his soul will move into the soul of this animal and will also be subjected to violence. For the same reason, most Indians are vegetarians - do not eat meat.

A special place in the religious beliefs of the Hindus is the worship of sacred animals. The most revered animal in India is the cow. This animal is universally given the greatest respect. She can move freely streets creating traffic jams. A normal sight for the streets of Delhi and Bombay is a situation when a cow blocked traffic, lay down to rest across roads. And the cars, in turn, are patiently waiting for animal give way. Killing a cow in India is considered the most terrible crime. ate beef so many hard years of suffering await in the other world, How many the cow has hairs on the body. Many temples in India hold festivals dedicated to cow . On this day, the cow is decorated with expensive beautiful fabrics and garlands, they are presented with various dishes. The cow represents abundance, purity, holiness. Like Mother Earth, the cow is the principle of selfless sacrifice. It provides milk and other dairy products that form the basis of a vegetarian diet.

Elephants enjoy special attention and respect among Indians. According to Hindu traditions, any person who harms an elephant incurs a curse. One of the most revered and widespread deities in Hinduism is the elephant-headed god Ganesh. It brings wealth and prosperity. Helps in business and removes all sorts of obstacles.

Today, the elephant is a hardworking helper for the peasants. Recently, India began to conduct regular censuses of these giants. The elephant's passport indicates gender, age and special signs. Along with the passport, it is planned to introduce work books, which will record all the deeds in the field of serving people. Elephant festivals are held in India in the spring. Smart elephants - giants proudly march through the streets, participate in various competitions and even dance. And in the fall, Ganesh's birthday is celebrated. Fruit, milk, flowers are brought to the statues of the elephant god.

Another sacred animal is the rat. In the town of Deshnok, in Rajasthan, there is a unique temple created specifically for these animals. It bears the name of Karni Mata, a Hindu saint. She lived in the XIV-XVI centuries, and showed the world many miracles. Her mission is a victory over obstacles, pain and suffering, protection, and destruction of everything that hinders development.

According to local residents, there are more than twenty thousand rats here. These are the happiest rats in the world. People do not disdain them, they do not scream in horror at their approach. On the contrary, pilgrims from all over the country flock here to bring tribute to the rats, feed them, and pay their respects. This is the only place in the world where people worship rats. Indians treat these animals with love and respect, they firmly believe that they will bring happiness. Candy bitten by a rat is considered a sacred food.

A halo of holiness in India is also surrounded by monkeys that live everywhere in India. According to legend, the kingdom of Hampi in the state of Goya was once ruled by monkeys, two brothers Bali and Sugriva. The evil Bali expelled his brother, and Sugriva, with his devoted associates, joined the army of King Rama. Rama helped him take the throne. Sugriva's friend Hanuman became Rama's faithful assistant. It was he who tied a torch to his tail to sanctify the battlefield and help Rama defeat the evil demon. Despite their holiness, monkeys often irritate Indians with their importunity, curiosity and stealth. A few years ago, not far from Jaipur, a monkey appeared who robbed houses after knocking on the door.

In Hinduism, the spectacled cobra is considered sacred. According to legend, the god Vishnu, the patron of goodness and law, rests on it in the waves of the oceans. Cobras wrap around the neck of the omnipotent Shiva. They cover both their hands and head with their rings. Under the swollen hoods of a many-headed cobra, the Buddha sat during sermons, having previously turned it to the path of goodness by the power of his teachings.

Snake charmers are a special caste in India. They can be seen in all the fairs and market streets of India, as well as in places visited by tourists. They squat in front of their round baskets, from which swaying cobras protrude, and play their pipes. Sometimes cobras begin to crawl out of the baskets and make attempts to escape. But they are immediately caught and returned back.

Tales about animals, their features and varieties

Fairy tales are one of the main genres of Indian folklore. Folklore is a poetic creativity that grows on the basis of the labor activity of mankind, reflecting the experience of millennia.

Fairy tales are epic, mostly prose works of a magical, adventurous or everyday nature with a fantasy setting. Their beginning was lost in the darkness of primitive times. Not every fiction became a fairy tale. According to tradition, from generation to generation, only what was important for people was transmitted. Storytellers expressed the wisdom of their people, their aspirations and dreams. This is where the originality and uniqueness of fairy tales comes from.

The diverse and rich nature of India has greatly influenced the folk culture of its regions. The common name for the wild impenetrable nature in India is the jungle. Indian nature has been the subject of numerous tales and fables such as the Panchatantra and the Jatakas.

The genres of fairy tales are different: household, magical, fairy tales-legends, fairy tales about animals. Fairy tales are author's, folk. There are tales instructive, kind, sad, funny. But, they are all magical. People believe in magic, and that goodness, truth and purity of thoughts will surely prevail over evil, lies and pretense, and peace, love and justice will reign in the world.

The fairy tales are based on religious beliefs and the diversity of the animal world of India. The characters of the Indian folk tale about animals are usually represented by images of wild and domestic animals. The images of wild animals predominate over the images of domestic ones: these are the fox, panther, etc. Domestic animals are much less common. They do not appear as independent characters, but only in conjunction with wild ones: a cat and a ram, a bull and a pig. There are no tales about domestic animals in Indian folklore.

The authors of fairy tales endowed animals with a human character. They speak human language and act like humans. In fairy tales, animals suffer and rejoice, love and hate, laugh and swear. Each character is an image of a certain animal, behind which stands one or another human character. For example, a jackal is cunning, cowardly; the tiger is greedy and always hungry; lion - strong, domineering; the mouse is weak, harmless. Labor triumphs over wealth, truth over lies, good over evil.

Fairy tales glorify the best human qualities: courage and resourcefulness, diligence and honesty, kindness and justice. Everything negative: selfishness, arrogance, stinginess, laziness, greed, cruelty - inevitably fails. Fairy tales are full of humor and everyday life situations, they are distinguished by their rich plots.

Each line is saturated with the love of the people for their own culture, they describe in detail the life of the inhabitants of ancient times.

During the long history of its existence, India many times found itself under the yoke of Muslim rulers, which left a considerable imprint on folk art.

After the liberation of India from colonial oppression and the formation of a republic in different parts of the country - in Bengal, Bihar, Punjab, Braj, new collections of fairy tales began to appear. In the new collections, folklore is mostly given, not in translations, but in those dialects in which they were recorded by the collectors of fairy tales. Ethnographers and linguists, researchers of small peoples and their languages, do a great job of collecting folklore.

Conclusion

Thus, during the work it was possible to learn a lot of new and interesting things.

In the folklore of the peoples of the world, fairy tales are the most amazing creation.

Fairy tales are a centuries-old encyclopedia of folk life, but the encyclopedia is lively and entertaining. A magical and truthful, funny and instructive tale is passed from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation.

Indian nature has been the subject of numerous tales such as the Panchatantra and the Jatakas. In India, the heroes of fairy tales are animals that the inhabitants were afraid of, and therefore revered.

Indian fairy tales are distinguished by their rich, fascinating plots. Like India itself, which attracts with its mysteries, so its fairy tales leave a long, good, unforgettable impression about themselves. The tales of ancient India have been translated into many languages ​​of the world, interesting films and cartoons have been shot based on their plots.

The finished product of the work on the topic "India - the birthplace of fairy tales about animals" was the literary booklet "What a charm these fairy tales are." In it, I recommend reading fairy tales that are in the school and Baranovo rural libraries. These are not only Indian folk tales, but also fairy tales written by the English writer Rudyard Kipling. He was born and raised in India. All stories are interesting, and most importantly instructive.

Information sources

Children's encyclopedia "1001 questions and answers", Moscow, "ONIX", 200

A Brief History of the Literature of India. L., 1974

For the preparation of this work, materials from the site were used. http://www.krugosvet.ru/

http://o-india.ru/2012/10/indijskie-skazki-i-skazki-ob-indii/

http://znanija.com/task/17673603

Application No. 1. The sacred animal of India is the cow.

Application number 2. The sacred animal of India is the elephant.

Application No. 3. The sacred animal of India is the rat.

Application No. 4. The sacred animal of India is the monkey.

Application No. 5. The sacred animal of India is the cobra.

Application No. 6. Collections of Indian tales Panchatantra and Jataka.

Appendix No. 6. Books of the Baranovskaya rural library

Indian fairy tales

© 2012 Seventh Book Publishing House. Translation, compilation, retelling and editing.

All rights reserved. No part of the electronic version of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including posting on the Internet and corporate networks, for private and public use, without the written permission of the copyright owner.

© Electronic version of the book prepared by Litres (www.litres.ru)

Anarzadi

Ruled once in one of the ancient Indian kingdoms of the Raja. And he had four sons. Three of them have been with their wives for a long time, but they couldn’t marry the youngest: either he doesn’t like the girl, or he doesn’t want to marry.

Over the years, the Raja aged, and then completely left this world. Then the eldest son of the rajah began to rule the country. He loved his brothers more than life, and favored them as best he could. But his wife was envious and unkind in her soul. She reproached her younger brother endlessly for being in the care of her husband.

Sometimes he starts to mock him: “Well, why are you sitting around doing nothing, waiting for everything to be brought to you? It would be better to go and look for Anarzadi - “a girl from a pomegranate”. Let her bring you everything."

Somehow the younger brother got angry at such an attitude towards himself. He did not want to continue to endure endless bullying, and therefore decided to leave his kingdom. “Here I go, and I will find my Anarzadi. And together with her, with the beauty I will return. And before that, my foot will not be in the kingdom. And left…

How long, how short, the prince walked and, finally, he ended up in a dense forest. He walks through the forest, looks: and in front of him is a hermit-sadhu sitting by the fire. Immediately, the prince somehow calmed down in his soul. “Give it,” he thinks, “I’ll come!”

The sadhu saw him and was surprised: “What,” he says, “are you doing in such a wilderness, son?”

“Do not be sad,” the sadhu smiled, “I will do anything for you. Stay with me, take a rest. And I will help you find Anarzadi"

The prince bowed gratefully and sat down by the fire.

“Wait here for me. And I’ll go to the village for food, I’ll treat you, ”the sadhu turned to him, and left.

The prince sat down, waiting for the hermit, but he was still not there. The prince began to look around him, suddenly he sees: next to him is a bunch of seven keys. The prince became curious from what they were. He looks, and the hermit has built seven barns behind the dwelling. The prince of the hermit waited, then took a bunch of keys and decided to look what the hermit kept in his buildings. And he began to open barns one by one.

The first one opens: and it is full of bread. The second is molasses. The third is rice. In the fourth barn, the prince found a whole mountain of bricks of gold. In the fifth - a mountain of silver bricks. In the sixth barn there were silks of unprecedented beauty. It became interesting to the prince what is stored in the seventh barn. He opened it, and barely stood on his feet from horror.

The seventh barn was full of skeletons! And how the skeletons began to laugh at him!

"What are you laughing at me for?" the prince asked in bewilderment.

“And we ourselves were once exactly the same as you were,” the skeletons answer. “We also came to look for Anarzadi. But they never arrived. Soon you will find yourself between us, ”and the skeletons laughed with even greater force.

"What should I do? How to stay alive,” the prince asked fearfully.

The skeletons took pity and decided to help the good young man.

“Listen carefully,” they say, “this sadhu is not a hermit at all, but an evil spirit, which the world has not yet seen. First he courts you, treats you, and then he won’t forget to kill you!”

"But how does he do it?" the younger brother from the royal family asked in a whisper, looking around.

“Look deep into the yard. There the stove is heated, and there is a boiler with oil on it. He will treat you to a sadhu, and then he will ask you to go and see whether the oil is boiling or not. You will begin to look into the cauldron, and he will come from behind and push you there. And then the prince became completely uneasy: “How can I be saved?”

“And you answer that it is not good for princes to deal with such matters. Let him go look at his own oil. Say that you don't know how it should boil. And when the villain comes there, you will push him into the cauldron!”

"Thank you, skeletons!" - said the prince, and quickly began to close all the locks.

And then the sadhu returned. They sat down with the prince by the fire, he fed him, and then he said: “Go on, prince, see if the oil has boiled in the boiler. And then I’ve become quite old, I can’t bear to walk. ”

“Yes, where do I go, dear sadhu! I'm a prince! I have never seen this same oil boil. You'd better go and see for yourself."

The sadhu got up and went to the stove, went to the cauldron, and how the prince would grab him from behind! And pushed into a cauldron of boiling oil. "So you, villain! You will know how to deceive princes! The hermit shouted, shouted, and cooked.

The prince sighed and went on his way. He walked and walked, suddenly he sees: another hermit-sadhu is sitting and contemplating what is happening around.

“Well, no, no,” thought the prince, “now I won’t believe anyone right now. Suddenly, this same villain. He came closer. Yes, but it’s difficult to look at the old man, such a radiance comes from him. He noticed the prince, and said: “How did you get here, son?”

“I, father, am going in search of my Anarzadi.

“But how did you stay alive?” I know that on the way to me, a rakshas sat in ambush - an evil spirit who pretends to be a hermit and a sage. They say he kills all the princes.

“They speak the truth, father. Yes, I just beat him!

And the prince began to tell about what had happened to him.

“Wow,” said the sadhu joyfully, “you are a brave prince! For this, I will tell you how to find Anarzadi. Not far from me there is a lake on the shore of which a pomegranate tree grows. Exactly at midnight, the peri comes there to bathe. As soon as she enters the water, you immediately pick a flower from a pomegranate and pick it off. Hide it in your bosom. And get out of there quickly. Peri will call you, call you with a gentle voice. But don't turn around! Otherwise, you will die immediately. Understood me?

“Understood,” the prince replied. Thank you sadhu! And what to do next?

"I'll tell you this when you get back." Go, prince! Good luck to you!

Exactly at midnight, our hero did everything that the elder told him. Began to move away from the lake. He hears, and his peri calls: “Prince! Prince! Why don't you take me with you? Look how beautiful I am, prince! Turn around!" The prince disobeyed the sadhu, turned around, and immediately fell dead.

Waiting for the sadhu of the prince a day, waiting for two days. He doesn't come. Then the elder understood what had happened, and went to the lake. He sees: the prince lies dead there. The sadhu was saddened that his fellow had disobeyed, but decided to revive him.