Artists who worked in the Crimea. Famous artists in Crimea

Crimean artists

Features of Crimea

Crimea was the last to become part of Soviet Ukraine. The Crimean peninsula is original. It is distinguished by its special nature and composition of the population. Under the USSR and now Crimea is an all-Union health resort. Living on the Crimean peninsula, especially on the southern coast of Crimea, was the ultimate dream of a Soviet person.

Crimean influence on artists

It is not surprising that many artists lived and worked in the Crimea. After all, the very nature of the Crimean peninsula contributes to the awakening of creative abilities. The sea surf, the Crimean mountains, the brush itself asks for a hand to capture the majestic sea sunset or dawn in the snowy mountains.

Famous Crimean artists and themes of their works

The most famous artist who glorified the art school of Crimea throughout the world is I. K. Aivazovsky, a famous Russian marine painter. In the works of many masters of the Crimean peninsula, this theme can be traced, which is not surprising, given the proximity of the sea. The Great Patriotic War, which left indelible scars on the surface of the peninsula and in the hearts of its inhabitants, also significantly influenced the work of the Crimean masters of the brush. Every stone, every mountain in the Crimea was the object of a fierce battle. Many Crimean masters were eyewitnesses or even participants in those events. And of course the generous nature of the Crimea. Rest, beaches, children frolicking on the seashore - these are all plots of the Crimean masters. If you like works filled with sun and summer warmth, choose paintings by Crimean masters. They are just right for you.

The nature of the Crimea served as a source of creative inspiration for many masters of fine arts. It seems that not one of the artists who have been here, from the 18th century to the present day, has remained indifferent to the peculiar beauty of the “noon land”. For example, beauty Gurzuf. The exoticism of the south, combined with the pathos of the steppe expanse of the western plains and the solemnly severe pathos of the mountain range of the eastern coast, present a truly grandiose panorama.

Each of the artists working in Crimea , managed to see in him something of his own, cherished, that found a response in the soul. The works of these authors have become a kind of bridge "bridge", connecting the viewer with the Crimean landscape, sometimes completely unknown to him, but awakening in him feelings and experiences associated with the indestructible power of man's love for nature.

For some landscape painters, work in the Crimea was of an episodic nature, but the work of three who lived or systematically painted here for a long time, the Crimean nature had the most direct and profound impact.

After the annexation of the Crimean peninsula to the Russian state in 1783, artists rushed here to capture the unusual southern landscapes and views of intensively built cities.

In 1820 A.S. visited the beautiful shores of Taurida. Pushkin, who enthusiastically sang the nature of these places in his poetic works. In the 1820s, the Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz traveled here, creating a wonderful poetic cycle "Crimean Sonnets". This aroused even greater interest in the Crimea among artists.

Throughout the 19th century, representatives of various artistic movements worked in Crimea, and Crimean nature received a very diverse reflection in their work.

A.I. Meshchersky managed to vividly express the romantic beginning of his Crimean landscape. The spectacular state of the blue sky against the background of the rocks is conveyed in warm colors along with old poplars, the tops of which are illuminated by the light of the sun's rays.

"Crimean landscape" I. Shishkin

The largest representative of the Russian realistic landscape I.I. Shishkin, who visited Yalta in 1879, the unusual appearance of the mountainous area prompted the creation of a series of drawings and engravings. In the painting “Crimean Landscape”, he masterfully depicted a forest path leading to the house, among centuries-old Crimean trees.

A well-known master of lighting effects in painting A.I. Kuindzhi acquired in 1886 a small plot of land in the Simeiz region. Here, in the summer, he painted sketches, trying to capture the whimsical play of colors on restless water, to convey solar or moonlight. Laconically painted his landscape "Cloud".

The author skillfully depicted the moment when the pale pink light of the rising sun forms cumulus clouds over the blue strip of the sea. The etude "Sea" is extremely generalized. Quiet, gentle sea and calls to plunge into the morning water.

Many amazing paintings were painted in the Crimea by the master I.K. Aivozovsky. It makes no sense to exhibit his masterpieces here again and again. It is worth noting his students, who turned to the traditional themes and methods of art of the venerable artist and at the same time showed their creative individuality. These include the artist A.I. Fessler, who lived in Feodosia for more than fifty years. He is the author of many deeply poetic views of the coastal cities of the Crimea.

A.I. Fressler. "Gurzuf".

In the painting "Gurzuf" he resorts to the romanticization of the landscape image in the spirit of Aivozovsky's painting. All components of the landscape serve to express the early morning. The artist's style of writing is sharp, with bright color contrasts, well conveys the mood of this cozy town from a bird's eye view.

Another native of Feodosia, L.F. Lagorio constantly lived in St. Petersburg, but visited his homeland almost every year. He enthusiastically sang in his marinas the beauty of the Black Sea coast, including Gurzuf.

Artist E.Ya. Magdesyan sought to emphasize the diversity of Crimean motifs in his paintings. In his "Seascape" the harsh solidity of the rocks is perfectly conveyed against the backdrop of the restless movement of the waves. The blue and blue tones of this canvas reproduce the special transparency of the air and the unsteadiness of light water with a greenish tint.

"Seascape"

Naval officer A.V. Ganzen as a child, in the house of his grandfather I.K. Aivozovsky, imbued with a love for art and was seriously fond of seascape painting. In the Crimean landscapes, he revealed the greatness of the sea element, while maintaining the remarkable subtlety of the natural look and introducing lyrical coloring into the artistic image.

"Moon rise"

Artist K.F. Bogaevsky was also born and lived in Feodosia. His first encounter with art took place in the workshop of Aivozovsky, and in 1897 he graduated from the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, where he studied with Kuindzhi. “No matter how much I wrote pictures about the Crimean sky, mountains, sea, Crimean nature gave me more and more new themes for my works,” Bogaevsky claimed. Here are his paintings "Old Crimea", "Feodosia", "Evening by the Sea" and the Crimean landscape. The last one, "Crimean View", in my opinion, is a complete masterpiece of the play of colors and colors.

"Old Crimea"

"Feodosia"

"Evening by the sea"

"Crimean view"

Ancient Cimmeria served as a source of creativity for Bogaevsky's contemporary, poet and artist M.A. Voloshin. Each of his works is solved in a certain color key, expressively conveying the nature of the depicted motif. And in each of them, in the smooth rhythm of lines and color spots, the author gives the viewer the opportunity to feel the world of beauty that nature gives to man. His work "In the vicinity of Koktebel" is characteristic.

Around Koktebel

Academician of battle painting N.S. Samokish lived in Simferopol during the Soviet period of creativity. In 1917-1921, while undergoing treatment in Yevpatoria, he enthusiastically painted cozy courtyards shaded by tree leaves, market squares, old mansions and summer cottages. In these sketches, the artist's brilliant pictorial gift was revealed. In his work “Evening in the Crimea”, he skillfully depicted the illumination of peasant life, a rich palette of blue, yellow, white and green colors.

"Evening in the Crimea"

The Crimean landscapes of K.A. Korovin, a prominent representative of the Moscow Union of Russian Artists. In 1911, he built a dacha-workshop in Gurzuf, where he liked to write beautiful views of the southern coast mountains and the sea directly from the balcony. Korovin subtly felt nature, the eternal play of light and shadow, giving the whole environment a feeling of trepidation, mobility. His painting "Gurzuf" confirms this.

The sonority of the color palette of the Crimean nature is revealed by Korovin in his next landscape. There is a stormy dynamics of colors, life, bright sun. This was achieved by the virtuoso impressionistic style of painting, which the master uses in his work.

"Balcony in the Crimea"

Landscape, as an independent genre, occupies an honorable place in the visual arts. It enables craftsmen working in this area to create an artistic image of their native land with great emotional expressiveness.

Here are the works of talented artists of different eras and generations, which form the basis of collections of paintings and drawings in art museums and art galleries in Simferopol, Feodosia, Sevastopol and Alupka.

Crimea, by its nature and beauty, has always attracted people of art. These were artists and poets, directors, actors, musicians. Everyone went to the Crimea for rest and for inspiration. The landscapes of the peninsula delighted them all. Today's post is about artists whose paintings are somehow connected with this amazing place.

Friedrich Gross. The name, which undeservedly tried to forget. Now the works of the hereditary German artist born in Simferopol can be seen in the Crimean Republican Museum of Local Lore. There are few works that have come down to our time.
Friedrich decided to travel all over the Crimea in search of picturesque and inaccessible places. In one of the newspapers, after some time they wrote: “Living in the midst of luxurious nature, he early felt an attraction to painting and passionately indulged in this noble art. He spent four summers in a row on the southern coast of Crimea… Transferring to paper everything that struck his eyes, and thus collecting a rich collection of the most picturesque views of the Crimea.” According to rumors, he was supported by the patron of the arts of that time, Count Vorontsov.

“View in the Crimea on the river Kacha”, 1854 oil on canvas; 39×48; lower right corner N. Chernetsov 1854" The work was exhibited at the exhibition "Russian and Ukrainian Art of the 19th - 20th Centuries from Private Collections", held at the Kiev Museum of Russian Art, and published in the exhibition catalog of the same name. Kyiv, 2003

A little earlier, when Crimea had just joined Russia. Such artists as Ivanov M. M. (1748-1823), Alekseev F. Ya. (1753-1824) began to come to the peninsula. The well-known Count Vorontsov also had an artist Chernetsov N.G., who drew more than a hundred graphic works, in which he depicted cities, towns and other important architectural structures with documentary accuracy.
Also among the first can be attributed to the Ukrainian artist Orlovsky V. D. (1824-1914). I met his works in the halls of the Vorontsov Palace), Meshchersky A. I. (1834-1902), Krachkovsky I. E.(1854-1914) and Botkin M.P. (1839-1914).

Italian Carlo Bossoli(1815-1884). His watercolors and gouaches allow you to see the Crimea through the eyes of the artist's contemporaries, to imagine yourself in the place of the discoverer of old Taurida.
A traveler by spirit and an artist by profession, Carlo received great fame during his lifetime, not without the help of Count Vorontsov.
The artist lived in Odessa and the Crimea, and in total he spent 23 years in Russia, but succumbing to the persuasion of his elderly mother, he leaves for his homeland.

Probably the most famous artist of the Crimea is Aivazovsky Ivan Konstantinovich(1817-1900). The artist loved his native land. He traveled all over it. Wrote many pictures. Most of all he loved the sea, it was him who portrayed him most often.
In his numerous works, he sang both the beauty of the Crimea and its heroic history. The artist's battle paintings, such as "Chesme battle", "Sinop battle", "Brig "Mercury" attacked by two Turkish ships" and others are now known all over the world. The artist also visited the besieged Sevastopol (1854-1855), after which he painted the paintings “The Siege of Sevastopol”, “The Transition of Russian Troops to the North Side”, “The Capture of Sevastopol”, “Admiral Nakhimov on the bastion of Malakhov Kurgan, where he was hit by an enemy bullet”, “Place where Admiral Kornilov was mortally wounded.
Now the artist's paintings can be seen in Feodosia in the art gallery. Aivazovsky.

At the famous Russian landscape painter Kuindzhi Arkhip Ivanovich(1842-1910) there was a dacha in the Crimea near Kikeneiz (now the village of Opolznevoe). He often came to his dacha, where he created his works. He tried to convey the mood of the sea in them, believing that this is the most difficult task for a painter. Arkhip Ivanovich had an equally talented student - Konstantin Bogaevsky.

A native of Feodosia (1872-1943). Aivazovsky himself approved his first undertakings in painting and subsequently sent him to study with the artist A. I. Fessler.
For me, Bogaevsky is a great master who surpassed many artists in the skill of depicting the landscapes of the mountainous Crimea. He loved landscapes. Winding rivers, mountains, waterfalls, he conveyed all this in his paintings. In some of his works, he refers to the past of the Crimea, writes the ruins of ancient cities, monuments. The painting “Tavroski-fia” most fully and interestingly conveys the artist’s idea of ​​the historical Crimean landscape. in 1933 he was awarded the title of Honored Art Worker of the RSFSR.

Voloshin Maximilian Alexandrovich(1877-1932) for a long time turned the landscapes of Koktebel into works of art. The artist paints the same place in the Crimea, each time finding something new. This is a rare occurrence in Russian art.
Creating his beautiful, warm watercolors, Maximilian often signs them with poetic lines, deepening his understanding of the landscape. Voloshin's paintings can be seen in the Feodosia Museum. Aivazovsky, where the works of artists Fessler A.I. Latri M.P., Lagorio L.f., Magdesian E.Ya., Krainev V.V. are also presented, Barsamova N. S. and others.

He also lived on the peninsula for some time. Vasiliev Fedor Alexandrovich(1850-1873) in the city of Yalta. He did not immediately get used to the bright colors of the Crimea, it happened gradually for him. Vasiliev's last landscape was "In the Crimean Mountains".

Came to Crimea only twice Levitan Isaac Ilyich(1860-1900). During these trips, he created a series of sketches that convey the mood and originality of the Crimean landscape.

Korovin Konstantin Alekseevich(1861-1939) Crimea dazzled with the brightness of its colors and festive colors. The artist paints landscapes of Sevastopol, Gurzuf, Yalta, etc.
In 1910, in Gurzuf, he built a dacha-workshop, and in 1947 it became the House of Creativity. Korovin, where allied artists went to rest and work.

The theme of the Crimean peninsula is firmly entrenched in creativity Kuprin Alexander Vasilievich(1880-1960). The artist visited many cities of the coastal Crimea, painted the streets of Bakhchisaray, mountains, historical monuments. His first work is considered "Deer Mountain".

Rubo Franz Alekseevich(1856-1928) created a huge canvas (115 × 4 m) of a panorama dedicated to the first defense of Sevastopol. This canvas shows one of the events of 349 defense, a reflection of the assault on June 6, 1855. The artist painted many sketches, and the canvas itself was painted in Munich.
During the Second World War, part of the canvas was destroyed and it was restored by 17 Soviet artists under the direction of V. N. Yakovlev, and later P. P. Sokolov-Skalk.

In 1959, the opening of the Diarama "Assault on Sapun Mountain on May 7, 1944" took place in Sevastopol. The canvas has been painted battle painters Marchenko G. I., Maltsev P. T., Prisekin N. S. . Some of the participants in the assault were drawn with portrait resemblance.

Outstanding master of battle painting Samokish Nikolay Semyonovich(1860-1944) was a student of Franz Roubaud. He lived first in Evpatoria, and then in Simferopol.
"Transition of the Red Army through the Sivash" (1935) - this is the best work of the artist recreates the revolutionary impulse of the soldiers of our army, their mass heroism.
In Simferopol, Samokish created a studio and directed its work. The Simferopol Art School is named after him.

Before the start of the war in Sevastopol Alexandrovich Deineka(1899-1969) created numerous sketches, watercolors, and his famous painting "Future Pilots".

The works of all these masters left us a piece of the past, so that we know what Crimea was like before us...

Beautiful Crimean landscapes have always attracted the attention of painters. The endless sky, majestic rocks, silvery sea waves seemed to have been created for artists to revive them on their canvases.

The most famous paintings dedicated to the Crimea belong to the 19th-20th centuries. Then, in their work, a whole galaxy of great masters sang the beauty and original character of this corner of Russia. The main one, of course, was I.K. Aivazovsky, whose life was inextricably linked with Feodosia.

The central place in the artist's work is occupied by the Crimean Sea. In the paintings of the famous artist I.K. Aivazovsky, it is either peaceful and calm (“Evening in the Crimea. Yalta”, “Sunrise in Feodosia”, “Gurzuf”, “Sunset at the Crimean coast”), then rebellious and formidable (“Sea. Koktebel”, “Old Feodosia” , "The Ninth Wave", "Storm at Sea at Night", "Fleeing the Shipwreck", "Storm at Cape Aya"). More than half of the canvases are dedicated to the raging elements and almost always to a steadfast man fighting against it.

On the paintings created in the Crimea by A.I. Kuindzhi, the air acquires “color”: the master’s creations are so picturesque. The artist especially fell in love with Cape Kekeneiz, Uzun-Tash - his main works were painted here. In them, form and color are harmoniously interconnected and inseparable from lines and colors, which opens up a completely new look at the Crimean landscapes. "Sea shore. Crimea”, “Cypresses on the seashore. Crimea”, “Boat in the sea. Crimea", "Dali. Crimea" - on all canvases the region appears fresh, light, airy, charming.

Crimea appears absolutely special in the paintings of Georgy Leman. Romantic and serene state of nature, airy and delicate colors, light and lyrical mood - the artist's canvases are full of harmony, they breathe peace and quiet. This is a light, almost weightless Crimea, which is permeated with soft light and seems to be floating between the sky and the sea.

Georgy Leman "Sunny Gurzuf" 1991
oil, canvas

Hazy sky, mountains and rocks, azure sea, verdant trees - the day turned out to be sunny and clear. Gurzuf gradually comes to life: the inhabitants are nowhere to be seen, but a light and agile boat is already rushing along the surface of the sea.
The artist was able to convey the feeling of presence. The smell of the sea and the gentle breeze, the warmth of the sun's rays become real, as if the viewer is on the shore and at any moment can step into the unhurried waves.
The landscape is harmonious and self-sufficient. It is devoid of sharp corners, eye-catching lines or flashy colors. The sea, mountains and sky flow into each other, forming a single whole and completely capturing the viewer's attention. You can admire the canvas for a long time: it calms and evokes thoughts of a serene rest, cloudless summer days and picturesque corners of nature. Soft blues, pinks and greens create an atmosphere of peace and tranquility.

I.I. came to the peninsula several times. Levitan. The result of these trips was a series of sketches, which, in the style characteristic of the artist, conveys the originality of the unique local landscapes. In Crimea I.I. Levitan literally fell in love, not getting tired of walking along the streets of Yalta, climbing mountains and writing, writing, writing. This is how his famous paintings “In the Crimean Mountains”, “Crimean Landscape”, “By the Seashore. Crimea", "Street in Yalta" and others.

The brightness of colors and festivity conquered the Crimea and another famous painter - K.A. Korovin. In Gurzuf, at the beginning of the 20th century, his dacha-workshop was built, which later became the House of Creativity. Inspired, the artist transferred to his canvases the surrounding splendor of nature: streams of air and light, blooming greenery, sun-drenched mountains. Juicy colors, light and precise strokes captured the Crimea in such paintings as “Crimea. Gurzuf”, “Yalta at night”, “Pier in Gurzuf”, “Balcony in the Crimea”.

Other Russian artists also dedicated their works to the Crimea: K.F. Bogaevsky, M.A. Voloshin, F.A. Vasiliev, A.V. Kuprin, M.P. Latry, V.V. Vereshchagin, A.M. Vasnetsov. Each of them found in the local landscapes a unique beauty that one wants to admire and admire again and again.

Georgy Leman "Rainy day in Gurzuf" 1991
oil, canvas

In 1991, the artist painted another painting dedicated to the Crimea - "Rainy Day in Gurzuf". It is completely done in gray-blue and blue tones and gives a light, airy impression.

During bad weather, Gurzuf is especially beautiful and majestic. The darkening sky hanging over the waves and the recalcitrant, raging sea near the horizon become almost inseparable. The compositional center of the picture is a formidable mountain: motionless and not subject to a storm.

Nothing distracts the viewer's attention from the laconic and strict landscape. It is devoid of images of objects, human figures and animals. Only the eternal sky, sea and mountains remain, beautiful in the rampant natural elements.

Did you know that such famous artists as Ivan Aivazovsky, Ivan Shishkin, Ilya Repin, Valentin Serov, Isaac Levitan captured the Crimean Tatars in their paintings? prepared for you a selection of the brightest paintings with Crimean Tatar motifs by these and other Russian artists.

Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (Hovhannes Ayvazyan - 1817-1900)

Few people know that Aivazovsky was fluent in the Crimean Tatar language. The artist respected the Crimean Tatars and treated their culture with the same respect.

"Crimean Tatars on the Seashore", 1850. The painting is kept in a private collection.
“Moonlit night in the Crimea. Gurzuf”, 1839. In the early period of his work, Aivazovsky wrote a romantic landscape “Moonlight night in the Crimea. Gurzuf. The calm greenish-blue tones used by the artist for this canvas emphasize the tranquility and poetry of the southern night, the beauty of the changing Crimean nature. The moon, caressing with its rays the clouds floating over the Gurzuf Bay, froze over the dormant Ayu-Dag, the Jenevez-Kaya rock with the ruins of an ancient fortress, a small cape at its base, the white Adalars twin rocks that rolled into the sea from the Crimean mountains millions of years ago. Moonlight spills across the sky, turning the surface of the water into a golden mirror, reflecting the mountains and the ships standing in the bay.

Crimean view. Ayu-Dag", 1865

"Coast. Crimean coast near Ai-Petri”, 1890

Nikanor Grigorievich Chernetsov (1804–1879) at the beginning of 1833 he was assigned to the service of Count Mikhail Vorontsov, who at that time was the Novorossiysk and Bessarabian governor-general. The artist travels to the Crimea, where Vorontsov's estates were, and returns from there only in 1836. Chernetsov managed to convey his impressions of the unusual sunny southern nature, with its bright saturated colors, so unlike cold Petersburg, in the many sketches and watercolors he created at that time.

"Tatar courtyard in the Crimea", 1839

"View of the Karalezskaya Valley", 1839

Isaac Ilyich Levitan (1860–1900) in the spring of 1886 he went to the Crimea to rest and improve his precarious health: he had a weak heart. He visited Yalta, Massandra, Alupka, Simeiz, Bakhchisarai. The sultry Crimean nature struck Levitan. Many believe that it was Levitan who first discovered the beauties of the southern Crimea.

"Saklya in Alupka", 1886

"Source", 1886

"Street in Yalta", 1886

"Cypress trees near the mosque", 1886

Fyodor Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1850–1873). An aggravated illness (pulmonary tuberculosis) forced him to go first to the Kharkov province, and then to the Crimea. At the end of July 1871, Vasiliev arrived in Yalta with his mother and younger brother. He felt like a stranger in this city and painfully experienced loneliness, yearned for his native northern nature. Gradually, the artist fell in love with the Crimea, especially its mountains. For the painting "In the Crimean Mountains" he received the first prize at the competition of the Society for the Encouragement of Artists (1873). I.N. Kramskoy called this landscape "one of the most poetic landscapes in general ...".

"In the Crimea after the rain", 1871-1873

"In the Crimean mountains", 1873

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (1832–1898) visited the Crimea several times and left several local landscapes, as well as many unfinished pencil sketches.

"Saklya"

"In the mountains of Gurzuf"

Ilya Efimovich Repin (1844–1930) arrived in the Crimea in the spring of 1880 together with his younger friend and student, in the future - the famous painter, Valentin Serov. It seemed to Repin that it was in the Crimea that he would hear and find traces of distant echoes of past battles. However, probably because he came there with a clearly defined purpose, the Crimea with its noisy resorts disappointed the artist. He was not interested in either the bright Crimean nature, or the magnificent architecture of cities, or other sights. And the painter, having painted several sketches of Tatars and Gypsies, goes to Odessa, where he continues to find and sketch objects of Cossack life.

"Crimea. Conductor, 1880

Valentin Aleksandrovich Serov (1865–1911) he came to Crimea several times: first with Ilya Repin, when he was 15 years old, then with Vladimir Derviz, and in the summer of 1893 he rented a dacha. Here, under the impression of local residents and nature, he creates "Tatar village in the Crimea" and "Iphigenia in Taurida", written according to the plot of an ancient Greek tragedy.

"Tatar village in the Crimea", 1893

Serov paints this picture in the open air, that is, creating a work right in the open air without preparatory sketches, as the Impressionists did. The play of sunspots creates the atmosphere of a sultry southern day with its silence

"Tatar women by the river", 1893

Ilya Ivanovich Mashkov(1881-1941) - famous Russian artist. Born in 1881 in the village of Mikhailovskaya-on-Don. One of the brightest representatives of the Russian avant-garde. He worked in the following genres: realism, cubism, post-impressionism, lubok, etc.

"Bakhchisaray", 1920s

Nina Konstantinovna Zhaba (1872–1942) in 1906 she came to Bakhchisaray only for sketches. But as a result, she gave part of her soul to Bakhchisarai, marrying a local resident and settling here for years. After the tragic death of her husband, who was shot during the Civil War, Nina Zhaba moved to her brother in Leningrad, where she died during the blockade in 1942.

"The old man is a Tatar with a pipe"

"Tatar woman with yarn"

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