Artist Shishkin: paintings with names. Russian artist Shishkin I.I. Shishkin Ivan Ivanovich Russian artist

In 1832, on January 25, in the city of Elabuga, Vyatebsk province, a son, Ivan, was born in the family of the merchant Ivan Vasilyevich Shishkin. In the Kazan gymnasium, the future artist received his first education.

After 4 years of study, Ivan Shishkin enters the Moscow School of Painting. In 1856, graduating from college, he decides to continue his studies in St. Petersburg and enters the Academy of Arts.

During the year of study within the walls of this institution, the artist not only mastered academic drawing, but also studied painting in the suburbs of St. Petersburg.

The year 1860 was a significant year for Shishkin when he received an important award - the gold medal of the Academy. He had received awards before, but they did not have such significance.

Traveling, Shishkin visited Munich and Zurich, where he had the opportunity to study in the workshops of famous artists. Thanks to the work "" the artist was awarded the title of academician.

Outside of Russia, Shishkin draws works with a pen to perfection, which deserves great attention from foreigners who were struck by the unprecedented talent of the Russian artist.

Some drawings were placed in the Düsseldorf Museum, where they were placed on a par with the works of famous European artists.

In 1864, the painter Shishkin returned to Russia, because. outside the homeland, it was not possible for him to paint a Russian landscape. He travels a lot around his native country in search of picturesque places.

The artist dedicated a fairly large number of his works to the pine forest, among which the most famous are - "Pine forest ", "Morning in a pine forest" , "" , "Stream in the Forest".

His paintings were presented at exhibitions, as well as in the Association of Traveling Exhibitions. In 1873, Shishkin received the title of professor at the Academy of Arts, and for a short time he was in charge of the educational workshop.

Ivan Shishkin marries only in 1977, the artist Olga Antonova-Lagoda becomes his wife. Their home is often visited by his colleagues and friends.

The brightest painting by Shishkin "" was created by him in 1889. This picture is permeated with the morning air of the forest, one feels the forest wilderness untouched by man. The popularity of this painting is still unchanged, which is why this work of art has no equal.

The final work of the artist is the canvas "" created by him in 1898. This picture demonstrates the talent and skill accumulated by the artist throughout his life.

“A man-school”, “a milestone in the development of the Russian landscape” - this is how contemporaries wrote about Shishkin. I propose on this day to remember our, without a doubt, our national treasure, to look at the pictures again, read about this person and look through old photographs.

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin was born on January 25 (13th according to the old style) in 1832 in Elabuga (Vyatka province) in a poor merchant family. His father, Ivan Vasilyevich, rented a mill and traded grain, but in addition he was passionate about history and archeology, developed and implemented the water supply system in Yelabuga, wrote manuals and books, and restored the city’s old tower with his own money.

Shishkin's father, Ivan Vasilyevich. Portrait of V.P. Vereshchagin

It was the father who encouraged the development of a creative streak in his son - he praised him for his success in drawing, worked with him on wood carving, and eventually sent him to study at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, where young Ivan ended up in the class of professor of portraiture A.N. Mokritsky, who noticed the talent of a landscape painter in a young man, and helped him develop in the right direction, which Shishkin later recalled with gratitude.

I.I. Shishkin, self-portrait, 1854

While studying at the Shishkin School, the question was why Italian or Swiss landscapes (including those performed by our artists) are so mesmerizing with color and juiciness, is it possible to achieve the same by painting native expanses. And this “nationality” turned out to be the most appropriate “here and now”: at the same time, other artists increasingly began to turn to everything Russian, and writers did not lag behind. Yes, and realism began to be valued and enjoyed success.

View on the island of Valaam, 1858

Shishkin worked on his paintings with such diligence that sometimes it seems that every blade of grass and every leaf is not left without attention, and often with such precision that it could be used as an illustration in a botanical atlas.

Young growth of walnut, 1870s

Burdocks, 1878

Of course, there were and are those who say that emotions are lost behind such thoroughness, they called him a “photographer” and “copyist”, but time puts everything in its place: how many people in our vast expanse do not know the name of Shishkin, even being completely far from art? Are there many who do not know the author of “that same picture with bears” or “that field of rye”? Shishkin's landscapes have long ceased to be just a phenomenon in art, they are inextricably linked with Russian nature, they are like herself.

Before the storm, 1884

Hut, 1861

Autumn forest, 1876

Landscape with a lake, 1886

In the wild north..., 1891

Foggy morning, 1885

Kama near Yelabuga, 1895

Road in the Rye, 1866

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin is deservedly called an excellent draftsman. He did not part with a pencil, and everywhere he sketched everything that seemed interesting to him, whether it was a broken tree branch, clouds, or a dried leaf.

Landscape with carts, early 1870s

stream in the forest

Summer in the field (Shepherd with a flock), early 1860s

Forest river, 1893

Trees in the field. Bratsevo, 1866

Village, 1874

Shishkin's letter to his parents with a sketch, 1858

By the way, he received his first awards precisely for drawing, being a student of the Imperial Academy of Arts, where he entered after graduating from college. His successes were repeatedly marked with medals, and at the end, together with the Big Gold Medal, Shishkin was awarded a three-year trip abroad. True, he left only after 2 years, he was much more occupied by his native places, and he spent time hugging the road album, making sketches from nature.

View of Yelabuga, 1861

Abroad, he worked in Germany, the Czech Republic and Switzerland.

I.I. Shishkin in Düsseldorf, photograph, 1864/65

Despite all the European beauties, he was drawn home, he wanted to paint Russian nature. Although, it should be noted, on this journey he created the painting “View in the vicinity of Dusseldorf”, for which he was awarded the title of academician.

View near Düsseldorf, 1865

Dresden. Augustus Bridge, 1862

Beech forest in Switzerland, 1863

Swiss landscape, 1866

Upon his return, he travels around Russia, and becomes a member of the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions along with Repin, Kramskoy, Vasnetsov, Surikov and others. At this time, Shishkin finally formed a recognizable style in which there is no place for romanticization, but there is the beauty of nature itself, and in the late 60s he wrote one of his most famous works - “Noon in the vicinity of Moscow”.

Noon near Moscow, 1869

The artist is madly in love with the forest, regularly going into the wilds from the very early morning, and tirelessly working on sketches and sketches. It should be noted that in his paintings the forest is always majestic, and even solemn.

Forest gatehouse, 1892

Pine forest, 1895

Winter in the Forest (Hoarfrost), 1877

Birch Grove, 1878

Oak Grove, 1887

Meadow at the edge of the forest. Siverskaya, 1887

Deciduous forest edge, 1895

I.I. Shishkin with peasants, photograph, 1890

Often in Shishkin's paintings, nature has truly epic power, and people or animals do not appear too often. It is also not unknown that the bears on the canvas “Morning in a Pine Forest” (1889) were painted not by Shishkin, but by his friend, the artist Konstantin Savitsky, whose signature was removed from the painting by its acquirer Pavel Tretyakov.

Morning in a pine forest, 1889

Shishkin also has many works in which he focuses not on the scale, spaciousness, power of nature, but, on the contrary, on something small, on its individual components - weeds, ferns, pine tops, etc.

Pine tops, 1890s

Flowers by the fence, mid-1880s

Slut-grass. Pargolovo, 1884

Herbs, 1892

In 1873, having painted his next picture - "Wilderness", at the age of 41, Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin received the title of professor at the Academy of Arts.

Wilderness, 1872

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin was a very fruitful artist, they say about such people "he worked tirelessly."

I.I. Shishkin at work on the painting Mordvin Oaks, photograph, 1891

Ivan Kramskoy. Portrait of I. I. Shishkin. 1873

On one sketch, Shishkin wrote: "Expansion, space, land, rye, God's grace, Russian wealth." And, probably, something similar flashes through the minds of the majority, looking at his famous painting "Rye" (1878).

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin was married twice. His first wife was Evgenia Alexandrovna Vasilyeva, the sister of another talented Russian landscape painter Fyodor Vasilyev, through whom he met her, immediately falling in love with a girl. Three children were born in this marriage, but both sons died at a young age, and their mother also survived them for a short time. Shishkin was hard to bear the loss, and only after 7 years he married a second time. His second wife was the artist Olga Antonovna Lagoda, who died a month and a half after the birth of their daughter. Until the end of Shishkin's life, Olga's sister Victoria took care of his two daughters and himself.

Even people who are far from painting know about the works of Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin. Shishkin gained popularity during his lifetime, painting the nature of Russia, which he loved so much. Contemporaries called him "the king of the forest", and not by chance, because among the works of Shishkin you can find many paintings depicting forest landscapes.

The paintings of the famous landscape painter are difficult to confuse with the works of other artists. Nature on the canvases of Shishkin is shown selectively. The landscape painter painted it close-up, focusing on the rough bark of trees, green leaves, and roots protruding from the ground. If Aivazovsky preferred to portray the power of the elements, then Shishkin's nature seems peaceful and calm.

(Painting "Rain in the forest")

The artist skillfully conveyed this feeling of calmness through his canvases. He showed natural phenomena not so often. One of his paintings depicts rain in the forest. Otherwise, nature seems unshakable and almost eternal.

(Painting "Windbreak")

On separate canvases, objects that survived the invasion of the elements are depicted. For example, the artist has several canvases with the name "Windfall". The elements raged, leaving behind a pile of broken trees.

(Painting "View of the island of Valaam")

Shishkin loved the island of Valaam. This place inspired him to work, so among the artist's paintings you can find landscapes depicting the views of Valaam. One of these paintings is "View on the island of Valaam". Separate canvases with landscapes of the island belong to the early period of the artist's work.

(Painting "Pine trees illuminated by the sun")

It is worth noting that from the very beginning, Shishkin decided on the manner of depicting nature. He does not take large-scale objects and does not seek to show the entire forest, focusing on the "three pines".

(Painting "Debri")

(Painting "Rye")

(Painting "Oak Grove")

(Painting "Morning in a pine forest")

(Painting "Winter")

One of the artist's interesting paintings is "Debri". The canvas depicts a forest area untouched by man. This site lives its own life, even the land on it is completely covered with vegetation. If a person got into this place, he would feel like a hero of some mysterious Russian fairy tale. The artist concentrated on details, depicting the depths of the forest. He conveyed every detail with amazing accuracy. On this canvas, you can also see a fallen tree - a trace of the raging elements.

(Hall of paintings by Ivan Shishkin in the Tretyakov Gallery)

Today, many of Shishkin's paintings can be seen in the famous Tretyakov Gallery. They still attract the attention of connoisseurs of painting. Shishkin painted not only Russian landscapes. The artist was also fascinated by the views of Switzerland. But Shishkin himself admitted that he was bored without Russian nature.

biography and creativity

The birthplace of one of the most famous, even cult artists of Russia is the city Yelabuga. He was born in this provincial town on January 13, 1832. In the future, he became known as a landscape painter, conveying the smallest details of the nature of his native land with photographic accuracy.

Portrait of I.I. Shishkin by I.N. Kramskoy

Family and studies

On the formation of views and creative style Shishkin father had a great influence. A poor merchant who was fond of archeology and wrote the "History of the city of Yelabuga" was the man who managed to transfer all his knowledge to his son. Shishkin Sr. sold grain, and at his own expense restored the ancient buildings of Yelabuga, developed a local water supply system.

The path of the future artist was predetermined from childhood. He entered the 1st Kazan Gymnasium, but did not graduate. In the fifth grade, Shishkin left school, returned home and devoted all his attention to drawing from nature. For four years he painted the forests of Yelabuga, and in 1852 he entered the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture.

self-portrait

The exhibition of Caucasian mountain views by L. Lagorio and marine paintings by I. Aivazovsky was crucial for Ivan Shishkin. There he saw a painting that fascinates and inspires many. It was Aivazovsky's The Ninth Wave. Another factor that determined the further work of the artist was studying in the class of Mokritsky, who admired the work of K. Bryullov. The teacher was able to discern talent in a quiet, even shy student and in every possible way encouraged him to take up landscape painting.

In 1856, Shishkin graduated from college and entered the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. In the first year of study he was awarded a silver medal. The award went to him for a pencil drawing and a view of St. Petersburg, made with a brush. The artist became one of the best students of the Academy, and in 1860 he graduated from it with a large gold medal. Such a high award gave the right to travel abroad for three years to improve creative skills. But Shishkin preferred the place where he spent his childhood and adolescence - Yelabuga.

Foreign twists and turns

The artist left Russia only in 1862. He visited Zurich, Munich, Geneva and Düsseldorf. He got acquainted with the works of famous painters and studied with R. Koller himself. In the same period, by order of N. Bykov, he wrote

"View around Düsseldorf",

for it he received the title of academician.

Shishkin constantly improved his skills, developed his own style. What are some pen drawings, scrupulously conveying the details of surrounding objects! Two such works are still among the exhibits of the Düsseldorf Museum.

In 1865 Shishkin returned to Russia. He is already a recognized and recognizable artist, capable of creative accomplishments. In the works of the early 1860s. there are attempts to achieve maximum similarity with nature. It is as seen from the picture

"Cutting down the forest"

somewhat violates the integrity of the landscape. Working long and hard, the artist overcomes the academic postulates of an abstract landscape and creates a series of paintings. An example of a “reborn” master is a canvas

"Noon. In the suburbs of Moscow.

The picture is filled with light, it exudes peace and tranquility, it is able to create a joyful, even blissful mood.

The place of the forest in the work of Shishkin

In 1870, he became one of the founders of the Association of the Wanderers and presented a painting to the second exhibition of the society.

"Pinery".

The work to this day amazes with the integrity of color, the photographic nature of the transfer of nature and the incredible combination of colors.

Other paintings that recreate the majestic forests are "Black Forest", "Forest Wilderness", "Spruce Forest", "Reserve. Pine forest”, “Forest (Shmetsk near Narva)”, “Corner of overgrown forest. Slut-grass”, “In the pine forest” and others. The painter amazingly accurately depicts plant forms, carefully writes out every twig, every blade of grass. The paintings are reminiscent of beautiful, but still accidentally taken photographs. This trend is typical only for works where a large color palette is used. Canvases depicting the forest, made in a single color range, fully reveal the talent of the artist.

creative tricks

The most famous painting of the master -

"Morning in a pine forest",

presented at the exhibition of the Wanderers in 1889. The popularity of the work is that it is filled with serenity, the expectation of something beautiful and is a symbol of the motherland. And even if K. Savitsky wrote the bears, each of us associates these animals with small children.

The result of the entire creative path of Shishkin - canvas

"Ship Grove" (1898).

It is completed according to all the laws of classicism, fully reveals the artistic image. The picture has another property - incredible monumentality.

I. I. Shishkin died in his workshop on March 8 (20), 1898. He never finished the painting “The Kingdom of the Forest”, but the legacy that remains to this day is able to touch the soul of our contemporaries.

Sestroretsky Bor 1886

View on the island of Valaam. Cucco area1858-60

Birch forest 1871

Oak. grove1887

Birch Grove

Birch and mountain ash 1878

Before the Storm 1884

Among the flat valley... 1883

View in the environs of St. Petersburg 1865

Winter in the forest, frost 1877

In the wild north

Above the embankment 1887

Coniferous forest 1873

Winter 1890

Coniferous forest. Sunny day 1895

Rye 1878

Pinery. Mast forest in the Vyatka province

Evening 1871

seaside view

Rain in the oak forest 1891

Autumn landscape. Park in Pavlovsk 1888

Forest 1897

Early autumn 1889

Autumn forest 1876

Mountain path. Crimea 1879

Golden Autumn 1888

Winter forest

Pine forest

Forest in Mordvinov. 1891

mushroom pickers

Stream in a birch forest 1883

Dali

Winter. Moscow region. Etude

Pines. illuminated by the sun

The Ligovka river in the village of Konstantinovka near St. Petersburg. 1869

Two female figures 1880s

Children in the forest

First snow 1875

Walk in the forest 1869

Oaks 1886

In Crimea. Monastery of Cosmas and Damian near Chatyrdag 1879

Pine on the rock. 1855

Forest in the evening 1868-1869

Off the banks of the Kama near Yelabuga

January 13 (25), 1832, 180 years ago, the future outstanding Russian landscape painter, painter, draftsman and engraver-aquaphorist was born Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin.

Shishkin was born in the small town of Yelabuga, on the banks of the Kama River. The dense coniferous forests surrounding this city and the harsh nature of the Urals conquered the young Shishkin.

Of all types of painting, Shishkin preferred the landscape. "...Nature is always new... and is always ready to give an inexhaustible supply of its gifts, what we call life... What could be better than nature..." - he writes in his diary.

Close contact with nature, its careful study aroused in the young researcher of nature the desire to capture it as authentically as possible. “Only the unconditional imitation of nature,” he writes in a student album, “can fully satisfy the requirements of a landscape painter, and the most important thing for a landscape painter is a diligent study of nature, because of this, a picture from nature should be without imagination.”

Just three months after entering the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, Shishkin attracted the attention of professors with his natural landscape drawings. He anxiously awaited the first exam at the Academy, and his joy at being awarded a small silver medal for the painting "View in the environs of St. Petersburg" submitted to the competition was enormous. According to him, he wanted to express in the picture "fidelity, similarity, portraiture of the depicted nature and convey the life of a hot-breathing nature."

Painted in 1865, the painting "View in the environs of Düsseldorf" brought the artist the title of academician.

By this time, he was already being talked about as a talented and virtuoso draftsman. His pen drawings, executed with the smallest strokes, with filigree finishing of details, surprised and amazed the audience both in Russia and abroad. Two such drawings were acquired by the Düsseldorf Museum.

Lively, sociable, charming, active Shishkin was surrounded by the attention of his comrades. I. E. Repin, who visited the famous "Thursdays" of the St. Petersburg Artel of Artists, later spoke about him: "The loudest voice of the hero I. I. Shishkin was heard: like a mighty green forest, he amazed everyone with his health, good appetite and truthful Russian speech During these evenings he drew with a pen a lot of his excellent drawings. The audience used to gasp behind him when, with his mighty paws of a dray and clumsy fingers callused from work, he begins to warp and erase his brilliant drawing, and the drawing is as if by a miracle or magic from such The rude treatment of the author comes out more and more elegant and brilliant.

Already at the first exhibition of the Wanderers, the famous painting by Shishkin "Pine forest. Mast forest in the Vyatka province" appeared. Before the viewer appears the image of the majestic, mighty Russian forest. Looking at the picture, one gets the impression of deep peace, which is not disturbed by either bears near a tree with a beehive, or a bird flying high in the sky. Pay attention to how beautifully the trunks of old pines are painted: each has "its own character" and "its own face", but in general - the impression of a single world of nature, full of inexhaustible vitality. A leisurely detailed story, an abundance of details along with the identification of a typical, characteristic, the integrity of the captured image, the simplicity and accessibility of the artistic language - these are the distinguishing features of this picture, as well as the artist's subsequent works, which invariably attracted the attention of viewers at the exhibitions of the Association of the Wanderers.

In the best paintings by Shishkin I.I., created by the end of the 70s and in the 80s, a monumental-epic beginning is felt. The paintings convey the solemn beauty and power of the endless Russian forests. The life-affirming works of Shishkin are in tune with the worldview of the people, who connect the idea of ​​happiness, the contentment of human life with the power and richness of nature. On one of the artist's sketches, one can see the following inscription: "... Expanse, space, land. Rye... Grace. Russian wealth." A worthy completion of the integral and original work of Shishkin was the painting of 1898 "Ship Grove".

In Shishkin's painting "Polesie", contemporaries pointed out that the artist failed to achieve in coloring the perfection that distinguished the artist's drawings. N. I. Murashko noted that he would like to see more light in the painting "Polesye" "with its golden play, with its thousand reddish, then airy bluish transitions."

However, the fact that color began to play a much greater role in his works of the 80s did not pass by the attention of his contemporaries. In this regard, the highest appreciation of the picturesque qualities of Shishkin's famous sketch "Pine Trees Illuminated by the Sun" is important.

Working as a professor, Shishkin demanded painstaking preliminary work on location from his students. In winter, when I had to work indoors, I forced novice artists to make redrawings from photographs. Shishkin found that such work contributes to the comprehension of the forms of nature, helps to improve the drawing. He believed that only a long, intense study of nature could eventually open the way for a landscape painter to create independently. In addition, Shishkin noted that the mediocre will slavishly copy it, while "a person with a flair will take what he needs." However, he did not take into account that copying from photographs of individual details taken outside their natural environment does not bring closer, but moves away from the deep knowledge of it, which he sought from his students.

By 1883, the artist is at the dawn of his creative powers. It was at this time that Shishkin created the capital canvas "Among the Flat Valley ...", which can be considered classic in terms of the completeness of the artistic image, completeness, and monumentality of sound. Contemporaries invaded the merits of the picture, noticing the essential feature of this work: it reveals those features of natural life that are dear and close to any Russian person, meet his aesthetic ideal and are captured in a folk song.

Suddenly, death crept up on the artist. He died at the easel on March 8 (20), 1898, while working on the painting "Forest Kingdom".

A great painter, brilliant draftsman and etcher, he left a huge artistic legacy.

Based on the book "Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin", compiled by I. N. Shuvalova

Paintings by Shishkin I.I.

Sea shore	Sea shore. Mary Howie	Pond shore	Bank of the river	birch forest

Big Nevka	Logs. Village Konstantinovka near Red village	mounds	Beech forest in Switzerland	Beech forest in Switzerland

goby	In the spruce forest	In Crimea	In the forest thickets	In the woods

In the woods of the Countess Mordvinova	In the deciduous forest	Around Düsseldorf	In the park	in the grove