Artist Leonid Osipovich Pasternak. Forgotten parsnip Poet-father: “childishness had to be abandoned for a while ...”

"... his gigantic merits are not appreciated even in a hundredth part"

Rubinstein and Scriabin, Tolstoy and Gorky, Mechnikov and Einstein posed for him.
He was famous as a brilliant portrait painter and master of illustration.
His paintings are kept by the largest museums in the world and hundreds of collectors.

However, for many decades the name of Leonid Osipovich Pasternak was forgotten.
Perhaps the brilliant father was obscured by the shadow of a brilliant son, the poet Boris Pasternak.

Leonid Pasternak Boris and Alexander

Boris Pasternak wrote about his father:
"Dad!" But, after all, this is a sea of ​​​​tears, sleepless nights, and if you write it down,
volumes, volumes, volumes. Surprise at the perfection of his skill and gift, before
the ease with which he worked (jokingly and playfully, like Mozart) in front of the multitude
and the significance of what he did - surprise is all the more lively and ardent because
comparisons on all these points shame and humiliate me. I wrote to him that
be offended that his gigantic merits are not appreciated even in a hundredth part, while
I have to burn with shame when so monstrously inflated and overestimated
my role ... I wrote to dad ... that, in the end, he still triumphs, he,
who lived such a true, non-fictional, interesting, mobile, rich life,
partly in his blessed XIX century, partly in loyalty to him, and not in the wild,
devastated unreal and fraudulent twentieth…"

Leonid Pasternak Portrait of Boris Pasternak in front of the Baltic Sea 1910

Leonid Pasternak Self portrait

Leonid Pasternak was born in April 1862 in Odessa. He was the youngest child in
large Jewish family. Apparently, from an excess of feelings, his parents named him immediately
two names - Abram and Isaac. However, at home they were called exclusively Leonidas.
On this occasion, the artist even had to write explanatory letters in official
institutions. By the way, the surname originally sounded not Pasternak, but Posternak.

Posternak Sr. kept an inn, his mother ran the household, was illiterate, but
smart and strong-willed woman. The Pasternaks believed that they were descended from the Abarbanels.
This is one of the oldest and most respected Jewish families, which comes from King David

Parents dreamed that their son would become "a pharmacist, or a doctor, or, at worst,
“we intercede on business” - as the artist later recalled. But most of all the boy
strove to draw, and he had to do it secretly from mom and dad.
The most accessible tool is coal.
The first success and order came at the age of six. The janitor instructed the talented boy
sketch with charcoal a few pictures on hunting themes. The customer paid five
kopecks for each picture and decorated the janitor's room with them. Subsequently, Leonid Pasternak
will call this janitor "my Lorenzo Medici." By the way, love for charcoal sketches
and a pencil will remain with Leonid Pasternak for life.

Leonid Pasternak Portrait of Chaliapin 12/30/1913

B. L. Pasternak

Parents wanted to see their son as a doctor or a lawyer. Leonid Pasternak enters
Moscow University at the Faculty of Medicine. Here I would envy him myself
Michelangelo. But what attracted the great sculptor repelled our hero -
anatomist. Leonid Pasternak could not overcome his disgust for corpses, but that part
anatomy, which the artist needs, he studied. Then transferred to law
faculty of Moscow University, and then completely to Odessa, or rather
Novorossiysk University. Odessa University (the only one in the empire) gave
the right for students to travel abroad. Pasternak used this right and
went to enter the competition at the Munich Royal Academy. And passed
number one! He studied in the class of the famous draftsman Ludwig von Herterich.

Self-portrait of Professor Ludwig von Herterich.

His drawing experiments were so good that the teacher didn't correct them.
and let me take it home. In Moscow, Pasternak's work was immediately snapped up by collectors.
Pasternak graduated from the Munich Academy of Arts with a gold medal and in the same year
received a law degree - externally.

The next stage in the life of a young artist is military service. Year. First big canvas
written under the influence of the army. The painting "Letter from the Motherland", not yet completed
- straight from the easel, - Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov acquired for his famous gallery.

Leonid Pasternak News from home

Leonid Pasternak married the famous pianist Rosa Kaufman. Young family
settled in Moscow, a year later the first-born was born - the future Nobel laureate
awards, writer Boris Pasternak. Then the son Alexander and two
daughters, Josephine and Lydia.

Lydia and Josephine, daughters of Leonid Pasternak, 1908

Family portraits and sketches became Leonid Pasternak's favorite subject. They are
they conveyed the atmosphere of warmth and comfort that prevails in the family, and they also sold well.
They joked about Leonid Pasternak that his children “feed” their parents!

Leonid Pasternak Two women 1930s

Pasternak was the first Russian artist to call himself an impressionist. At the same time, as
notes art critic Elizaveta Plavinskaya, he was not afraid of a cool attitude
to the impressionism of the Wanderers, who programmatically put truth above beauty.

“He was more modernist than they and than Repin. He allowed himself quick
generalizations and approximate fluid contours in the spirit of the Parisian Dutch, and
also sharp transformations of the line into a spot, which was too tough for the same Repin,
unfamiliar with the Munich school. And to his German comrades, Pasternak did not
inferior in possession of color, being able to achieve a glow in the interior of a soft and
colored, like the Impressionists, and dramatic, in the spirit of a thoroughly
half-forgotten by all caravagism,
Plavinskaya wrote.
By the way, the Association of Wanderers in Moscow did not accept Pasternak into its ranks.

Leonid Pasternak A lady with two children in a boat

Nevertheless, it was at the exhibition of the Wanderers in 1893 that a landmark meeting took place.
Leo Tolstoy stopped near Pasternak's painting "Debutanka" and the author was introduced to him
work.
“Yes, yes, I know that name. I follow his work" , Tolstoy said.

Pasternaks became Tolstoy's frequent guests both in Moscow and in Yasnaya Polyana.
As a result, a series of portraits of the great writer was born, in addition, Pasternak
became one of the best illustrators of Leo Tolstoy's works. His illustrations
to the novel "Resurrection" were exhibited in 1900 in the Russian pavilion at the World
exhibition in Paris, where they were awarded a medal. Many sketches from the "Tolstoy series"
ended up in the Tretyakov Gallery. Pasternak is sometimes called the "mirror" of Lev Nikolaev.
By the way, the Tolstoy Museum has 200 works by Leonid Pasternak, 36 portraits
graph and illustrations for his works.

Leonid Pasternak Tolstoy

Pasternak's painting "Students" was acquired by the Luxembourg Museum in Paris.

"A significant fact - wrote the Odessa press. — Luxembourg
one of the first art museums in the world. Only very
great artist, and then, if he is French. Paintings owned by foreigners
There are only a few in Luxembourg. Not a single Russian painting."
Thus, Pasternak's "Students" became the first Russian painting in the famous museum.

Leonid Pasternak The night before the exam 1895

Leonid Osipovich painted a series of portraits of Albert Einstein. They met
in Berlin at the Soviet embassy. They went there to listen to a concert, a lecture, to watch
a short theatrical performance or take part in a casual conversation.
Once in this embassy, ​​Rosa Pasternak was playing the piano, and someone asked her,
could she accompany Einstein. However, Einstein objected.
He said:
“I will not dare to speak after such a master!”.
“But my mother persuaded him. And he really played, and she accompanied
to him. And my father drew it. And so a sheet arose, where a playing
on the violin Einstein, - recalled Lydia, Pasternak's daughter.
Einstein and Pasternak kept in touch for many years. The result was a series
portraits of the great scientist.

History cannot be rewritten: Leonid Pasternak is considered one of the founders of Leniniana.
He was the first of the academic artists to capture Lenin and other leaders
revolution, making sketches at congresses, presidiums and congresses.

True, subsequently many of these portraits, like their models, were destroyed.
new power.

Leonid Pasternak with his wife and daughters went to Germany in 1921,
official version - for treatment. Unofficially, they joked that after writing a series
portraits of the leaders of the revolution, he decided to stay away from them. Pasternak a lot
works. In 1923, Pasternak's essay "Rembrandt and Jewry in
his work”, and again dozens of portraits follow.

Rembrandt Van Rijn Jewish Bride

Leonid Pasternak Still life with peaches and black grapes 1930s

However, in 1938, they had to flee from Nazi Germany. Almost the entire circulation
the books, which included memories of Tolstoy, were destroyed by the Nazis. his anniversary
the exhibition was banned. Leonid Osipovich was going to return to Moscow, but before
decided to visit his youngest daughter Lydia, who was already living in Oxford. Because of war
the artist had to stay in England. On 31 May 1945 he died at Oxford.
May 2, 1999 in the house in the north of Oxford, where the Russian artist lived, was opened
Museum of Leonid Pasternak.

Leonid Osipovich Pasternak is a Russian artist, a representative of Art Nouveau, an original painter and graphic artist, a master of genre compositions and book illustrations. Father of the poet Boris Pasternak.

The name of Leonid Pasternak is well known to lovers of fine art, primarily as the creator of illustrations for Tolstoy's novel Resurrection. The artist's works are kept in many museums in Russia and abroad. Numerous creative heritage includes both paintings and graphics, in which drawing occupies a significant place. It is in this technique that the talent of Leonid Pasternak is especially clearly revealed.

self-portrait

Pasternak's childhood and youth were spent in Odessa. According to the artist's memoirs, he "began to draw very early and fell in love with this occupation." As a high school student, Pasternak entered the Odessa drawing school of the Society for the Encouragement of Fine Arts and graduated from it in 1881 with a silver medal. Parents did not approve of the young man's aspirations for professional arts. Therefore, he entered the medical faculty of Moscow University. In MoscowParsniptried to get into the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture andbutthere were no vacancies. It translates intoOdessaat the Faculty of Law of Novorossiysk University, Withwhose students had the right to travel abroad.

In 1882yearLeonid Pasternak leaves for Munichen.The Academy of Fine Arts in Munich was considered in those years one of the best art schools in Western Europe; it was especially famous for teaching drawing.

In 1885, Pasternak returned to Odessa, graduated from the university,receiving a law degree. He needed to do military service and he entersinto the artilleryvolunteers.Warrior ImpressionsThis work was reflected in the first major work, News from the Motherland, which the artist made his debut at the exhibition of the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions in 1889. The painting was a success and was acquired by Tretyakovbefore the opening of the exhibition.

News from home. 1889

The drawings made in Munich also made a great impression on the audience. In my memoriesLeonid Pasternakwrote: “In a short time, I established a reputation as a real draftsman, not only among young comrades, but also among eminent old Wanderers artists.”

Pasternak goes home to Odessa, and here, at home, he meets and falls in love with a charming girl, a brilliant pianist Rosalia Kaufman. She made a dizzying musical career, was a professor of music classes in the Odessa branch of the Imperial Russian Musical Society. But she preferred quiet family happiness to her success and fame. Rosalia's parents were rich, they were monopolists in the sale of seltzer water in the south of Russia. The wedding took place already in Moscow in 1889, where the artist moved from Odessa.

Pasternak with his wife Rosalia Isidorovna

In Moscow, Pasternak becomes close to the artists grouped around Polenov: Serov, Korovin, Levitan, Vrubel. This art circle played an important role in the formation of Russian art of the 20th century. The artists were united by the desire to convey in their paintings a direct vision of the world, the desire for emotional and decorative expressiveness of color. These tasks were close to the creative searches of Leonid Pasternak. In the drawing “Artist N. D. Kuznetsov at work” (1887), the free, soft manner of execution conveys the light-air environment of the workshop.

To relatives. 1891

In 1894, Leonid Pasternak was invited to teach at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.

Light becomes the basis for the emotional expressiveness of the drawing, creates an atmosphere of creative concentration. In the paintings Debutante (1892), Reading a Manuscript (1894), On the Eve of No Exams (1894), the light and color scheme not only create a certain mood, but also reveal the inner state of the characters. The artist was especially attracted by the effects of evening lighting.

The day before the exams. 1894

The marriage of Leonid Pasternak and Rosa Kaufman turned out to be extremely happy. A year after the wedding, the first-born Boris, the future great Russian poet, is born to the young couple. Three years later - son Alexander, a future prominent architect. His wife and children often visit their parents in Odessa, and Leonid Osipovich also comes here in the summer. Rosalia Kaufman gave birth to her husband four children and never regretted leaving the musical field.

Leonid Pasternak, Boris Pasternak, Rosalia Pasternak, Alexander Parsnip , Berta Kaufman, Josephine Parsnip and Lydia Pasternak

Sons Boris and Alexander

LeonidPasternak createdportrait gallery of prominent cultural figures:writerand L. N. Tolstoy and Gorky, poets Verhaarn and Rilke, musicians Scriabin, Rachmaninov and Chaliapin, artists Korovin and Serov ...

Creativity Pasternak attracts with sincerity, high professional skill and is one of the best pages of Russian graphics.

Leonid OsipovichPasternak was a founding member of the Union of Russian Artists, which arose in 1903. Along with Serov, Korovin, Nesterov and VrubelParsnipstood at the originsassociations. Exhibitionspaintings by the artists of this union were a major event; they could be used to judge the ways of development andsuccessRussian art.

Portrait of son Boris, 1917

Boris Pasternak writes about his father:"Dad!" But, after all, this is a sea of ​​​​tears, sleepless nights and, if you write it down, - volumes, volumes, volumes. Surprise at the perfection of his skill and gift, at the ease with which he worked (jokingly and playfully, like Mozart) in front of the multiplicity and significance of what he did - the surprise is all the more lively and hot because comparisons on all these points shame and humiliate me. I wrote to him that there is no need to be offended, that his gigantic merits are not appreciated even in a hundredth part, while I have to burn with shame when my role is so monstrously inflated and overestimated ... I wrote to dad ... which, ultimately, triumphs yet he, he, who lived such a true, uncontrived, interesting, mobile, rich life, partly in his blessed XIX century, partly in loyalty to him, and not in the wild, devastated unreal and fraudulent twentieth ... "

In 1921, Leonid Osipovich and Rozalia Isidorovna leave for Germany for treatment: the artist needed an eye operation. Their daughters are traveling with them, while their sons Boris and Alexander remain in Moscow.

Leaving, the Pasternaks thought that it would not be for long, and kept their Soviet passports. But a happy fate saves them from returning to the USSR: after the eye operation, Leonid Osipovich has so many interesting topics and works to be completed in Germany that he keeps postponing and postponing his return.

In 1927 and 1932, two personal exhibitions of Pasternak were held in Berlin. During this period, his interest in Jewish subjects increased, he published in Russian and Hebrew the most interesting monograph "Rembrandt and Jewry in his work."

In 1933, Hitler came to power in Germany, and the dark era of Nazism began. Pasternak and his wife leave for their daughters, who by that time already live in England.

In June 1935, Boris Pasternak was in Paris at an anti-fascist congress. Thirty years laterlast seen with brotherJosephinewrote down the impressions of this meeting: “In the summer of 1935 in Munich, our family received the news that on such and such a day Boris would spend several hours in Berlin on his way to Paris. At that time, my parents were with us in Munich, and since they did not feel quite healthy and could not accompany us, my husband and I went to Berlin alone.<…>It was clear that he was in a state of severe depression.<…>But the more I looked and listened to Boris's words, the more I felt the pain of parting with something infinitely dear to me. I so deeply loved his uniqueness, incomparable truthfulness, the purity of his poetic vision, his unwillingness and inability to make concessions in art.

Dies in August 1939Rosa Kaufman- the artist's wifefrom a heart attack. As Josephine Pasternak writes to Mikhail Poizner, she isdied during a thunderstorm, which she was very afraid of. Two days later, World War II began.

Despite the heavy loss and advanced age, the artist continues to work. During the war years, he created the paintings "Bach and Frederick the Great", "Mendelssohn Conducting Handel's Messiah", "Tolstoy at his Desk", "Pushkin and the Nanny", "Scenes from Soviet Life".

Leonid Pasternak received a message about the victory over fascism and the end of World War II. He died on May 31, 1945. He was eighty three years old. A life-long road that reflects an entire era.

To relatives 1891

Under the lamp, Leo Tolstoy in the family circle. 1902

Portrait of E. Levina. 1917

Illustration for the novel by L. N. Tolstoy "Resurrection".

Original entry and comments on

Boris Pasternak's father, Isaac (Yitzhok) Iosifovich, was born on March 22, 1862
in Odessa. He was the sixth and youngest child in the family. His father kept a small
hotel. At the age of three months, Isaac fell ill with croup and almost suffocated.
from a violent fit of coughing; father threw a faience pot on the floor - a boy
got scared and stopped coughing; as usual in Jewish families, after a difficult
disease, he was given a different name to mislead the demon, and he became
Leonid.

Drovni. Pencil. 1892

Moscow Red Square. Pencil. 1894

The outside. Pencil. June 12, 1898

Isaac Leonid did not dream of any other career, except for an artistic one, but his parents
wanted to give him a more reliable occupation and sent him to study medicine. After studying for a year
he escaped from the medical faculty of Moscow University and switched to law
faculty, leaving more time for artistic pursuits. From legal to
In Moscow, he transferred to a law school in Odessa - there the rules were even more liberal,
allowed to travel abroad for a long time without deduction; legal education Leonid
As a result, Pasternak received, but with a two-year break at the Munich Royal
academy of arts.

Pair with tie-down. Pencil. 1903

Volkhonka, 14. Pencil. 1913

Moscow. It. pencil, charcoal. 1916

In the garden. Pencil. 1918

After graduating from Novorossiysk University, he had to spend a year at
military service and chose artillery. After military service, Leonid Osipovich met
with the young pianist Rosalia Kaufman, who became his wife. To the moment
acquaintance with Leonid Pasternak, she was one of the most popular concert
pianists in Russia. They married on February 14, 1889. A year later, in Moscow, was born
their first child is son Boris. In the same 1889, at the exhibition of the Wanderers, a painting
Pasternak's "Letter from the Motherland" is bought for his gallery by Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov.

At the piano. (R.I. Pasternak) Ink. 1890

At the table, sleeping. Pencil. 1890

Behind the book (R.I.Pasternak) Ink. Dec 20 1890

On the sofa (R.I. Pasternak). Ink. 1892

Sleeping high school student (B. Pasternak). It. pencil. July 22, 1902

Boris Pasternak at the piano. Coal. 1909

B. Pasternak. Coal 1918

Boris Pastenrak. Charcoal, pencil. 1918

In 1893, Pasternak met Tolstoy: at the next exhibition of the Association
Wanderers Lev Nikolaevich praised his painting "Debutante", Leonid Osipovich
admitted that he was going to illustrate "War and Peace", and asked for an audience for
clarification. Tolstoy made an appointment, he liked Pasternak's sketches unusually,
the artist was invited to visit the house, he came with his wife. Leonid Osipovich painted
a writer with family and friends, engaged in creative work and physical labor.
Many of the artist's works of this period are now in the Tretyakov Gallery.

L.N. Tolstoy. Coal. 1906

In 1900, the young Austrian poet Rainer Maria Rilke came to Moscow.
Wanting to visit Tolstoy, Rilke met his favorite illustrator,
receiving a letter of recommendation and the most gracious welcome.

R.-M.Rilke in Moscow. Coal.

Leonid Pasternak was friendly with Levitan, with whom they had long
talk about the fate of the Jews in Russia; with Nesterov, Polenov, Vrubel,
S. Ivanov; The Polenovs introduced him to old Ge. Leonid Osipovich writes
portraits of cultural and art figures: Gorky, Bryusov, Scriabin,
Rachmaninov, Chief Rabbi of Moscow Maze.

A.N. Skryabin. It. pencil. Oct 30 1913

Scriabin at the rehearsal of "Prometheus". Coal. 1915

On September 16, Leonid and Rosalia Pasternak and their daughters leave for treatment in Germany:
the artist needed eye surgery. After the operation, Leonid Osipovich was offered many
new and interesting works, and the artist never returned to the USSR. In 1933 Pasternak
leaves for England with his wife, to live with his daughters.

The artist's works are presented today in many
museums and private collections in Europe, America, Asia and Australia

Other reproductions by Leonid Osipovich:

Near the window. Pencil. 1894

Narrow street. Color pencil. July 12, 1900

At the gate. Coal. 1904

Landscape with gothic church. Pastel. About-in Rügen. 1906

On a walk. It. pencil. Raiki, 1907

London, Parliament. Coal. Aug 1 1907

House on the outskirts. Pastel. 1908

For tea. Watercolor. Raiki, July 11, 1909

By the sea. Coal. 1911

Venice, bridges. Pastel. 1912

Venice. Color paper. Pastel. 1912..

Field work. Pencil. 1918

Reproductions from the book "Boris Pasternak. Airways".
(Moscow. Soviet writer. 1982).

Text based on the book of the ZhZL series by Dmitry Bykov "Boris Pasternak" and
article by Maya Bass "The Happy Fate of L. Pasternak"

Leonid Osipovich Pasternak is a versatile and very talented person. He managed to pass on his gift and creative abilities to his children, among whom was the world-famous writer Boris Pasternak, the author of the brilliant novel Doctor Zhivago.

The childhood of the future artist, graphic artist, illustrator and writer was spent in Odessa, in a large Jewish family with six children. Leonid's father, who was then still called Avrum Yitzchok-Leib Pasternak (or Posternak, this spelling is found in several historical documents), and the whole family, did not approve of the boy from a Jewish family's passion for art, but did not interfere with him either. At that time, Odessa was one of the few large cities of the Russian Empire where Jews could freely live and do business, so commerce flourished especially among them. Leonid's grandfather, Kiva Yitzchok, was one of the people who founded the Jewish funeral brotherhood in Odessa.

But the boy was undoubtedly talented and immensely passionate about his art, so he did not follow in the footsteps of his ancestors and began studying at a drawing school, which later became the famous M. Grekov Art School. However, he did not immediately come to his future profession, trying to find himself in medicine (Moscow University, 2 years) and jurisprudence (Odessa Novorossiysk University, from 1883 to 1885). Even during his studies, he did not leave his passion for painting and soon realized that it was precisely this that he wanted to do in the future.

The level of his skill was so high that one of the paintings turned out to be acquired. After that, Pasternak decided to move to live in, where he successfully married and started a family. In total, four children were born in the family - two sons and two daughters.

Pasternak's artistic career in Moscow is developing successfully. He becomes a participant in regular exhibitions of the Wanderers, a member of the famous association "World of Art". For a decade in 1880 he taught at the School of Fine Arts Gunsta A.O., in 1894 he was invited to work at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, which later became famous throughout the country VKhUTEMAS. Interestingly, when agreeing to teach, Pasternak specifically indicated that he did not intend to be baptized into Orthodoxy. But the name still used is not what his parents gave him at birth.

He took the revolution with restraint, but did not accept it. In 1921, Pasternak, with his daughters and his wife, left for an operation in Germany and never returned to his homeland. During his life abroad, he created well-known portraits of famous people such as Albert Einstein, Rainer Maria Rilke and John Osborne. In 1924, he happened to be on an expedition to Palestine, which conducted historical and ethnographic research. The year before, he had written and published the book Rembrandt and Jewry in His Work.

When life in Germany became dangerous for Jews due to the rise of the Nazis, Pasternak left the country in 1938 and settled in the UK, in Oxford, where he died in 1945.

The merits of the artist are appreciated in Israel - one of the streets of Tel Aviv bears his name. A memorial plaque was opened in Odessa in honor of a talented native of the city.

Avrum Yitzchok-Leib Pasternak was born on March 22 (April 3), 1862, into a Jewish family in Odessa, in the house of M.F. in house number 9 on Rozhdestvenskaya Street in Slobodka (“Gruzdyev’s inn”), where the whole family moved when the future artist was still a child. Grandfather, Kiva-Yitzchok Posternak, was one of the founders of the Odessa Jewish funeral brotherhood ( chevra kadisha).

In addition to him, the family had five children. In early childhood, he showed a love for drawing, although at first his parents did not approve of this hobby. From to Leonid studied at the Odessa drawing school, but he did not immediately choose the career of an artist. In 1881 he entered Moscow University and studied at the medical faculty for two years. In the city he transferred to Novorossiysk University (Odessa) and studied there at the Faculty of Law until 1885 (in the lists of students for the 1883-1884 academic year and in the lists of graduates for 1885, it appears as Yitzchok P about sternak).

In parallel with his university studies, Pasternak continued to paint. In 1882, he studied at the Moscow school-studio of E. S. Sorokin. In the mid-1880s, he also studied at the Munich Academy of Arts, where he studied with Gerterich and Liezen-Meyer, in addition, he took etching lessons from I. I. Shishkin.

After the acquisition of his painting “Letter from Home” by P. M. Tretyakov for the Tretyakov Gallery, Pasternak decides to move to Moscow, where in the city he marries pianist Rosalia Isidorovna (Raitsa, or Rose, Srulevna) Kaufman, who previously worked as a piano teacher in Odessa Music School of the Russian Musical Society (in the synagogue record about the birth of the first son Boris in 1890, it already appears as Isaac Iosiev P about sternak).

Participates in the annual exhibitions of the Wanderers. Member of the association "World of Art". In the late 1880s - early 1890s, he served as a teacher at the School of Fine Arts of the artist-architect A. O. Gunst. In the city of Pasternak, he receives an invitation to teach at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (later - VKHUTEMAS) and accepts it, specifically stipulating that he will not be baptized.

A family

Books

• L. Pasternak. Rembrandt and Jewishness in his work. Berlin: S. D. Zaltsman Publishing House, 1923 (in Russian); Berlin: Yavne, 1923 (in Hebrew).

Works

• Working. Etude. Oil
• Portrait of A. G. Rubinstein (1886),
• Illustrations for the novel by L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
• Illustrations for the novel by L. N. Tolstoy "Resurrection". 1899
• Illustrations for the drama "Masquerade" by M. Yu. Lermontov (1891),
• Illustrations for the poem by M. Yu. Lermontov (1891)
• "Meeting of the Council of Teachers of the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture" (1902)
• L. N. Tolstoy with his family in Yasnaya Polyana (1902)
• "News from home"
• Portrait of S. S. Shaikevich
• Portrait of A. B. Vysotskaya. 1912. Pastel
• Portrait of M. Gorky (1906),
• Portrait of A. N. Scriabin (1909),
• Portrait Il. M. Mechnikov (1911),
• Portrait of Vyach. Ivanova (1915)
• Music lessons. 1909. Pastel

Pasternak leo tolstoy.jpg

Lev Tolstoy

Pasternakluchsolnzaint.jpg

Sunshine

Pasternak VyachIvanov Berdyaev Bely.jpg

Vyacheslav Ivanov, Lev Kobylinsky-Ellis, Nikolai Berdyaev and Andrey Bely

Pasternakvorobyovygory.jpg

Gold autumn. Sparrow Hills.

Pasternak boris alex.jpg

Sons Boris and Alexander

Pasternak Apples.jpg

Picking apples (1918)

Pasternak-rilke.jpeg

Rainer Maria Rilke

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He will be waiting (Old Jew)

External images
illustrations for the novel "Sunday" (L.N. Tolstoy)
	img0.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/b/0/22396/22396279_06Utro_Nehludova.jpg
	img0.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/b/0/22396/22396383_08V_teatre.jpg
	img0.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/b/0/22396/22396457_10V_koridore_suda.jpg

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Notes

Links

• at Rodovod. Tree of ancestors and descendants
• on the Runivers website
• "Boris Pasternak. Life of wonderful people. book dm. Bykov contains a lot of interesting information about the poet's father.

An excerpt characterizing Pasternak, Leonid Osipovich

“Look, Natasha, how terribly it burns,” said Sonya.
- What is on fire? Natasha asked. – Oh, yes, Moscow.
And as if in order not to offend Sonya by her refusal and to get rid of her, she moved her head to the window, looked so that she obviously could not see anything, and again sat down in her former position.
- Didn't you see it?
“No, really, I saw it,” she said in a pleading voice.
Both the countess and Sonya understood that Moscow, the fire of Moscow, whatever it was, of course, could not matter to Natasha.
The count again went behind the partition and lay down. The countess went up to Natasha, touched her head with her upturned hand, as she did when her daughter was sick, then touched her forehead with her lips, as if to find out if there was a fever, and kissed her.
- You are cold. You're all trembling. You should go to bed,” she said.
- Lie down? Yes, okay, I'll go to bed. I'm going to bed now, - said Natasha.
Since Natasha was told this morning that Prince Andrei was seriously wounded and was traveling with them, she only in the first minute asked a lot about where? as? is he dangerously injured? and can she see him? But after she was told that she was not allowed to see him, that he was seriously injured, but that his life was not in danger, she obviously did not believe what she was told, but convinced that no matter how much she said, she would be answer the same thing, stopped asking and talking. All the way, with big eyes, which the countess knew so well and whose expression the countess was so afraid of, Natasha sat motionless in the corner of the carriage and was now sitting in the same way on the bench on which she sat down. She was thinking about something, something she was deciding or had already decided in her mind now - the countess knew this, but what it was, she did not know, and this frightened and tormented her.
- Natasha, undress, my dear, lie down on my bed. (Only the countess alone was made a bed on the bed; m me Schoss and both young ladies had to sleep on the floor in the hay.)
“No, mom, I’ll lie down here on the floor,” Natasha said angrily, went to the window and opened it. The groan of the adjutant was heard more distinctly from the open window. She stuck her head out into the damp air of the night, and the countess saw how her thin shoulders shook with sobs and beat against the frame. Natasha knew that it was not Prince Andrei who was moaning. She knew that Prince Andrei was lying in the same connection where they were, in another hut across the passage; but this terrible unceasing groan made her sob. The Countess exchanged glances with Sonya.
"Lie down, my dear, lie down, my friend," said the countess, lightly touching Natasha's shoulder with her hand. - Well, go to bed.
“Ah, yes ... I’ll lie down now, now,” said Natasha, hastily undressing and tearing off the strings of her skirts. Throwing off her dress and putting on a jacket, she tucked her legs up, sat down on the bed prepared on the floor and, throwing her short, thin braid over her shoulder, began to weave it. Thin long habitual fingers quickly, deftly took apart, weaved, tied a braid. Natasha's head, with a habitual gesture, turned first to one side, then to the other, but her eyes, feverishly open, fixedly stared straight ahead. When the night costume was over, Natasha quietly sank down on a sheet spread on hay from the edge of the door.
“Natasha, lie down in the middle,” said Sonya.
“No, I’m here,” Natasha said. "Go to bed," she added with annoyance. And she buried her face in the pillow.
The countess, m me Schoss, and Sonya hurriedly undressed and lay down. One lamp was left in the room. But in the yard it was bright from the fire of Maly Mytishchi, two miles away, and the drunken cries of the people were buzzing in the tavern, which was broken by the Mamonov Cossacks, on the warp, in the street, and the incessant groan of the adjutant was heard all the time.
For a long time Natasha listened to the internal and external sounds that reached her, and did not move. At first she heard her mother's prayer and sighs, the creaking of her bed under her, the familiar whistling snore of m me Schoss, Sonya's quiet breathing. Then the Countess called Natasha. Natasha did not answer her.
“He seems to be sleeping, mother,” Sonya answered quietly. The Countess, after a pause, called again, but no one answered her.
Soon after, Natasha heard her mother's even breathing. Natasha did not move, despite the fact that her small bare foot, knocked out from under the covers, was chilly on the bare floor.
As if celebrating the victory over everyone, a cricket screamed in the crack. The rooster crowed far away, relatives responded. In the tavern, the screams died down, only the same stand of the adjutant was heard. Natasha got up.
- Sonya? are you sleeping? Mother? she whispered. Nobody answered. Natasha slowly and cautiously got up, crossed herself and carefully stepped with her narrow and flexible bare foot on the dirty cold floor. The floorboard creaked. She, quickly moving her feet, ran like a kitten a few steps and took hold of the cold bracket of the door.
It seemed to her that something heavy, evenly striking, was knocking on all the walls of the hut: it was beating her heart, which was dying from fear, from horror and love, bursting.
She opened the door, stepped over the threshold and stepped onto the damp, cold earth of the porch. The chill that gripped her refreshed her. She felt the sleeping man with her bare foot, stepped over him and opened the door to the hut where Prince Andrei lay. It was dark in this hut. In the back corner by the bed, on which something was lying, on a bench stood a tallow candle burnt with a large mushroom.
In the morning, Natasha, when she was told about the wound and the presence of Prince Andrei, decided that she should see him. She didn't know what it was for, but she knew that the date would be painful, and she was even more convinced that it was necessary.
All day she lived only in the hope that at night she would see him. But now that the moment had come, she was terrified of what she would see. How was he mutilated? What was left of him? Was he like that, what was that unceasing groan of the adjutant? Yes, he was. He was in her imagination the personification of that terrible moan. When she saw an indistinct mass in the corner and took his knees raised under the covers by his shoulders, she imagined some kind of terrible body and stopped in horror. But an irresistible force pulled her forward. She cautiously took one step, then another, and found herself in the middle of a small cluttered hut. In the hut, under the images, another person was lying on benches (it was Timokhin), and two more people were lying on the floor (they were a doctor and a valet).
The valet got up and whispered something. Timokhin, suffering from pain in his wounded leg, did not sleep and looked with all his eyes at the strange appearance of a girl in a poor shirt, jacket and eternal cap. The sleepy and frightened words of the valet; "What do you want, why?" - they only forced Natasha to come up to the one that lay in the corner as soon as possible. As terrifying as this body was, it must have been visible to her. She passed the valet: the burning mushroom of the candle fell off, and she clearly saw Prince Andrei lying on the blanket with outstretched arms, just as she had always seen him.
He was the same as always; but the inflamed complexion of his face, the brilliant eyes fixed enthusiastically on her, and especially the tender childish neck protruding from the collar of his shirt, gave him a special, innocent, childish look, which, however, she had never seen in Prince Andrei. She walked over to him and, with a quick, lithe, youthful movement, knelt down.
He smiled and extended his hand to her.

For Prince Andrei, seven days have passed since he woke up at the dressing station in the Borodino field. All this time he was almost in constant unconsciousness. The fever and inflammation of the intestines, which were damaged, in the opinion of the doctor who was traveling with the wounded, must have carried him away. But on the seventh day he ate with pleasure a piece of bread with tea, and the doctor noticed that the general fever had decreased. Prince Andrei regained consciousness in the morning. The first night after leaving Moscow was quite warm, and Prince Andrei was left to sleep in a carriage; but in Mytishchi the wounded man himself demanded to be carried out and to be given tea. The pain inflicted on him by being carried to the hut made Prince Andrei moan loudly and again lose consciousness. When they laid him down on the camp bed, he lay with his eyes closed for a long time without moving. Then he opened them and whispered softly: “What about tea?” This memory for the small details of life struck the doctor. He felt his pulse and, to his surprise and displeasure, noticed that the pulse was better. To his displeasure, the doctor noticed this because he was convinced from his experience that Prince Andrei could not live, and that if he did not die now, he would only die with great suffering a few time later. With Prince Andrei they were carrying the major of his regiment Timokhin, who had joined them in Moscow, with a red nose, wounded in the leg in the same Battle of Borodino. They were accompanied by a doctor, the prince's valet, his coachman and two batmen.
Prince Andrei was given tea. He drank greedily, gazing ahead at the door with feverish eyes, as if trying to understand and remember something.
- I don't want any more. Timokhin here? - he asked. Timokhin crawled up to him along the bench.
“I'm here, Your Excellency.
- How is the wound?
– My then with? Nothing. Here you are? - Prince Andrei again thought, as if remembering something.
- Could you get a book? - he said.
- Which book?
– Gospel! I have no.
The doctor promised to get it and began to question the prince about how he felt. Prince Andrei reluctantly but reasonably answered all the doctor's questions and then said that he should have put a roller on him, otherwise it would be awkward and very painful. The doctor and the valet raised the overcoat with which he was covered, and, wincing at the heavy smell of rotten meat spreading from the wound, began to examine this terrible place. The doctor was very dissatisfied with something, altered something differently, turned the wounded man over so that he again groaned and, from pain during the turning, again lost consciousness and began to rave. He kept talking about getting this book out to him as soon as possible and putting it there.