Years of life d with Likhachev. Collection of ideal social studies essays

How important is it to speak your mind? D.A. suggests thinking about this problem. Granin.

The writer in his text focuses on the outstanding personality of D.S. Likhachev. This man “had his own approach to everything” since his school years, he was not afraid to express his own opinion and contradict existing theories. So the author, quoting Likhachev, urges readers: "Do not remain silent, speak out." This urge provides a basis for reflection on the value of one's own view of the world and its expression in social relations.

Thus, the writer comes to the following conclusion: it is necessary to express one's personal opinion on everything that happens in the life of mankind, because even one voice is very weighty and important for society.

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The experience of fiction will serve as confirmation of my position. For example, in M. Sholokhov's story "The Wormhole", we see how the opinion of the hero Styopka, based on the protection of the poor, affects the working man - the peasant. This episode is proof that you need to express your view of the world, as it affects not only the life of the person himself, but also the life of those around him.

Recall the work of Zheleznikov "Scarecrow". In it, Lena Bessoltseva, having learned to express her position and defend her own views, helped the guys - her classmates to understand life values. The author clearly shows us how important it is to express a personal opinion.

So, the text of D.A. Granina convinces us that for the life of a person, a group of people, every opinion is important, every glance is valuable, because the proposal made by one member of society can become a point for the development and improvement of the spiritual, cultural and social world of people.

Updated: 2017-05-27

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Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev (1906-1999) was born in St. Petersburg. His father Sergei Mikhailovich Likhachev was the son of a church warden, worked as an engineer in the Main Directorate of Posts and Telegraphs. Mother Vera Semyonovna was from a family of merchants of the same faith (moderate Old Believers).

From 1914 to 1917, Likhachev studied first at the gymnasium of the imperial Humanitarian Society, then at the gymnasium and the real school of Karl May. In 1917, when the workers of the power plant at the First State Printing House chose Father Likhachev as their head, the family moved to a state-owned apartment, and Dmitry continued his education at the Lentovskaya Soviet Labor School.

In 1923 he entered the faculty of social sciences at Leningrad University. Here he studied at the ethnological and linguistic department, simultaneously in the Romano-Germanic and Slavic-Russian sections.

In 1928 he wrote two theses: one about Shakespeare in Russia at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th century, the other about stories dedicated to Patriarch Nikon.

In February 1928, Likhachev was arrested and sentenced to five years for counter-revolutionary activities - participation in the student circle "Space Academy of Sciences". Circles were a common occurrence in student life, the "Space Academy of Sciences" was created to engage in "fun science", because, as Likhachev wrote, "science itself, requiring the full dedication of one's time and mental strength, should not be boring and monotonous." The "Academy" interested the Chekists after one of the students sent a congratulatory telegram allegedly from the Pope in honor of its first year.

Despite the fact that due to the arrest, Likhachev did not complete the course, the university management issued a diploma to his parents - the student fulfilled all the requirements of the curriculum.

In 1928-1931, Likhachev served time in the Solovetsky camp: he was a sawmiller of firewood, a loader, an electrician, and took care of cows. During his imprisonment in the journal "Solovki Islands" his first scientific work was published - "Cart Games of Criminals".

In 1931, he was taken from Solovki to the construction of the White Sea-Baltic Canal, where he worked as an accountant, then as a railway dispatcher. There Likhachev received the title of "Drummer BBK", thanks to which he was released six months ahead of schedule - in the summer of 1932.

Having been released, he returned to Leningrad, worked as a literary editor at the Publishing House of Social and Economic Literature (Sotsekgize). In 1934, he entered the post of scientific proofreader at the publishing house of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Since 1938, Likhachev worked at the Pushkin House - the Institute of Russian Literature (IRLI AS USSR). He started as a junior researcher, in 1948 he became a member of the academic council, in 1954 he was appointed head of the sector, and in 1986 he was appointed head of the department of ancient Russian literature.

During the blockade until June 1942 he was with his family in Leningrad, from where he was evacuated to Kazan along the "Road of Life". In the same 1942, he received the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad" for selfless work in the besieged city.

Since 1946, in addition to working at the Pushkin House, Likhachev taught at the Leningrad State University, in 1951 he became a university professor. He read special courses for historians: "The History of Russian Chronicle", "The History of the Culture of Ancient Russia" and others.

The main scientific works of Likhachev were devoted to the culture, language and traditions of the Old Russian state. He published the books “National Self-Consciousness of Ancient Russia” (1945), “Russian Chronicles and Their Cultural and Historical Significance” (1947), “The Culture of Russia in the Time of Andrei Rublev and Epiphanius the Wise” (1962), “Poetics of Old Russian Literature” (1967) and a lot others.

Likhachev studied in detail The Tale of Bygone Years and The Tale of Igor's Campaign. He translated both of these monuments of ancient Russian literature into modern Russian and published them in 1950, providing detailed comments.

In 1953, Likhachev was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, since 1970 he became an academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Likhachev actively called for the preservation of the cultural monuments of St. Petersburg and other Russian as well as Ukrainian cities. In particular, he defended Nevsky Prospekt from being “modernized” by completely glazing the first floors of houses, and convinced the authorities to abandon the construction of the Peter the Great Tower on Vasilyevsky Island.

Dmitry Likhachev died in the Botkin hospital on September 30, 1999, and was buried in the cemetery in Komarovo.

What is famous

The outstanding Russian thinker and scientist Dmitry Likhachev has received worldwide recognition as the author of extensive fundamental research in various areas of Russian culture and philology - from early Slavic writing to the present day. Likhachev is the author of about 500 scientific and 600 journalistic works, devoted mainly to the literature and culture of Ancient Russia. A popularizer of science who published The Tale of Bygone Years, The Tale of Igor's Campaign and other works of literature with scientific commentary.

In 1986, Likhachev organized and headed the Soviet (and later Russian) Cultural Fund, a large organization for the support of art and liberal education. Ball was an active opponent of the demolition and "reconstruction" of architectural monuments, in which they were replaced with a remake.

He wrote in “Memoirs”: “I will not tell all that I had a chance to experience, protecting the Travel Palace on Srednyaya Rogatka, the church on Sennaya, the church in Murin from demolition, the parks of Tsarskoye Selo from clearings, from the “reconstructions” of Nevsky Prospekt, from sewage The Gulf of Finland, etc., etc. It is enough to look at the list of my newspaper and magazine articles to understand how much effort and time the struggle in defense of Russian culture took from me from science.

What you need to know

In 1995, Likhachev developed a draft declaration of the rights of culture. The academician believed that the international community should legislate the provisions that would ensure the preservation and development of culture as the property of all mankind.

The authorities of St. Petersburg supported the initiative, a public commission was created to refine the ideas of the declaration in order to submit the revised version to the President of Russia and then to UNESCO. The final draft of the document stated that culture is the main meaning and global value of the existence of peoples and states.

Likhachev in his declaration also gives his vision of globalization - as a process that should be controlled not by economic, but by the cultural interests of the world community.

This document was not adopted in its entirety. A number of his theses were included in the Declaration on Cultural Diversity approved by UNESCO in 2003 and the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005).

Direct speech

About repressions (D. S. Likhachev "Memories »): “One of the goals of my memoirs is to dispel the myth that the most cruel time of repression came in 1936-1937. I think that in the future the statistics of arrests and executions will show that the waves of arrests, executions, deportations have already been approaching since the beginning of 1918, even before the official announcement of the "Red Terror" in the autumn of this year, and then the surf kept growing until Stalin's death, and seems to be a new wave in 1936-1937. was only the "ninth wave" ... Having opened the windows in our apartment on Lakhtinskaya Street, we at night in 1918-1919. could hear random shots and short bursts of machine-gun fire in the direction of the Peter and Paul Fortress.

It was not Stalin who started the "Red Terror". He, having come to power, only sharply increased it, to incredible proportions.

In the years 1936 and 1937, the arrests of prominent figures of the all-powerful party began, and this, it seems, most of all struck the imagination of contemporaries. While in the 1920s and early 1930s thousands of officers, "bourgeois", professors, and especially priests and monks were shot, along with the Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian peasantry, everything seemed "natural". But then the "self-devouring of power" began, leaving only the most gray and impersonal in the country - what was hiding, or what was adapting.

About the blockade (ibid.):“There was already snow, which, of course, no one had removed, it was terribly cold. And below, under the special school, there was a "Gastronom". They gave out bread. Those who received it always asked for "add-on weights." These "dovesochki" were immediately eaten. By the light of the oil lamps, they jealously watched the scales (it was especially dark in the shops: barriers were erected in front of the shop windows from boards and earth). A kind of blockade theft also developed. Boys, especially those suffering from hunger (teenagers need more food), threw themselves on bread and immediately began to eat it. They didn't try to run away, just to eat more before they took it away. They turned up their collars in advance, expecting beatings, lay down on bread and ate, ate, ate. And other thieves were waiting on the stairs of the houses and they took food, cards, passports from the weakened ones. It was especially difficult for the elderly. Those who had their cards taken away could not restore them. It was enough for such weakened people not to eat for a day or two, as they could not walk, and when their legs stopped working, the end came.<…>

Dead bodies lay in the streets. Nobody picked them. Who were the dead? Maybe that woman still has a child who is waiting for her in an empty, cold and dark apartment? There were a lot of women who fed their children, taking away the piece they needed from themselves. These mothers were the first to die, and the child was left alone. So our colleague in the publishing house, O. G. Davidovich, died. She gave everything to the child. She was found dead in her room. She lay on the bed. The child was with her under the covers, tugging at her mother's nose, trying to "wake her up". A few days later, her "rich" relatives came to Davidovich's room to take ... not a child, but a few rings and brooches left from her. The child died later in kindergarten.

The soft parts of the corpses lying on the streets were cut off. Cannibalism has begun! First, the corpses were stripped, then cut to the bone, there was almost no meat on them, the cut and naked corpses were terrible.

Cannibalism cannot be condemned indiscriminately. Most of it was not conscious. The one who circumcised the corpse rarely ate the meat himself. He either sold this meat, deceiving the buyer, or fed it to his loved ones in order to keep them alive. After all, the most important thing in eating proteins. There was nowhere to get these proteins. When a child dies and you know that only meat can save him, you will cut off the corpse ... "

On persecution (ibid.):“In October 1975, my speech was scheduled in the auditorium of the philological faculty about the Tale of Igor's Campaign. When, an hour before the performance, I left the door of my apartment, on the landing of the stairs I was attacked by a man of medium height with a large black mustache that was obviously glued on (“false sign”) and punched me in the solar plexus. But I was wearing a new double-breasted coat of thick drape, and the blow had no effect. Then an unknown person hit me in the heart, but in the side pocket in the folder was my report (my heart was protected by "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"), and the blow again turned out to be ineffective. I rushed back to the apartment and started calling the police. Then I went downstairs, where the driver (obviously from the same organization) was waiting for me, and I myself rushed to look for the attacker along the nearest streets and back streets. But he, of course, had already changed his sports cap and tore off his glued mustache. I went to report...

My appeal to the police investigator had the same result as the appeal about the attack on my apartment in 1976.

This time - 1976 - was the time of arsons in the apartments of dissidents and leftist artists in Leningrad. On the May holidays we went to the country. When they returned, they found a policeman walking around in their apartment.<…>It turned out that at about three o'clock in the morning the sound alarm went off: the house was awakened by a howler. Only one person jumped out onto the stairs - a scientist who lived below us, the rest were afraid. The arsonists (and it was they) hung a tank of flammable liquid on the front door and tried to pump it into the apartment through a rubber hose. But the liquid did not go: the gap was too narrow. Then they began to expand it with a crowbar and shook the front door. The sound guard, which they did not know anything about (it was placed in the name of their daughter's husband), began to howl wildly, and the arsonists fled, leaving both a canister of liquid and plastic bands in front of the door, with which they tried to close up the cracks so that the liquid would not flow back , and other "technical details".

The investigation was carried out in a peculiar way: the liquid canister was destroyed, the composition of this liquid was not determined (my younger brother, an engineer, said that by smell it was a mixture of kerosene and acetone), fingerprints (the arsonists ran away, wiping their hands on the painted walls of the stairs) were washed away. The case passed from hand to hand until, finally, the female investigator sympathetically said: "And don't look!"

However, fists and arson were not only the last arguments in my attempts to "work through", but also revenge for Sakharov and Solzhenitsyn.

The attack on the site of the apartment took place on the very day when M. B. Khrapchenko, who in a not entirely honest way replaced V. V. Vinogradov as Academician-Secretary, called me from Moscow and offered to sign the famous letter of academicians together with members of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences, condemning A. D. Sakharov. "This will remove all accusations and dissatisfaction from you." I replied that I did not want to sign, and even without reading it. Khrapchenko concluded: "Well, no, there is no trial!" He turned out to be wrong: the court nevertheless was found - or rather, "lynching." As for the May arson, my participation in writing the draft of the chapter on Solovki in The Gulag Archipelago probably played a role here.

In February 1928, after graduating from Leningrad State University, Dmitry Likhachev was arrested for participating in the student circle "Space Academy of Sciences" and sentenced to five years for counter-revolutionary activities.

From November 1928 to August 1932, Likhachev was imprisoned in the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp. Here, during his stay in the camp, in 1930, Likhachev's first scientific work, "Cart Games of Criminals" was published in the journal "Solovki Islands".

After his early release, he returned to Leningrad, where he worked as a literary editor and proofreader in various publishing houses. Since 1938, the life of Dmitry Likhachev was associated with the Pushkin House - the Institute of Russian Literature (IRLI AS USSR), where he began working as a junior researcher, then became a member of the academic council (1948), and later - head of the sector (1954) and the department of ancient Russian literature (1986).

During the Great Patriotic War, from the autumn of 1941 to the spring of 1942, Dmitry Likhachev lived and worked in besieged Leningrad, from where he was evacuated with his family along the "Road of Life" to Kazan. For selfless work in the besieged city, he was awarded the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad".

Since 1946, Likhachev worked at Leningrad State University (LSU): first as an associate professor, and in 1951-1953 as a professor. At the Faculty of History of the Leningrad State University, he taught special courses "History of Russian chronicle writing", "Palaeography", "History of the culture of Ancient Russia" and others.

Dmitry Likhachev devoted most of his works to the study of the culture of Ancient Russia and its traditions: "The National Self-Consciousness of Ancient Russia" (1945), "The Emergence of Russian Literature" (1952), "Man in the Literature of Ancient Russia" (1958), "The Culture of Russia in Andrei's Time Rublev and Epiphanius the Wise" (1962), "Poetics of Old Russian Literature" (1967), essay "Notes on Russian" (1981). The collection "Past - Future" (1985) is devoted to Russian culture and the inheritance of its traditions.

Likhachev paid much attention to the study of the great monuments of ancient Russian literature "The Tale of Bygone Years" and "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", which he translated into modern Russian with the author's comments (1950). In different years of his life, various articles and monographs of the scientist, translated into many languages ​​of the world, were devoted to these works.

Dmitry Likhachev was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1953) and a full member (academician) of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1970). He was a foreign member or corresponding member of the academies of sciences of several countries: the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (1963), the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (1971), the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1973), the British Academy (1976), the Austrian Academy of Sciences (1968), the Göttingen Academy of Sciences (1988), American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1993).

Likhachev was an honorary doctor of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun (1964), Oxford (1967), University of Edinburgh (1971), University of Bordeaux (1982), University of Zurich (1982), Eötvös Lorand University (1985), Sofia University (1988). ), Charles University (1991), University of Siena (1992), honorary member of the Serbian literary-scientific and cultural-educational society "Srpska Matica" (1991), the Philosophical Scientific Society of the USA (1992). Since 1989, Likhachev has been a member of the Soviet (later Russian) branch of the Pen Club.

Academician Likhachev was active in public work. The most significant academician considered his work as chairman of the series "Literary Monuments" in the Soviet (later Russian) Cultural Fund (1986-1993), as well as his activity as a member of the editorial board of the academic series "Popular Science Literature" (since 1963) . Dmitry Likhachev actively spoke in the media in defense of the monuments of Russian culture - buildings, streets, parks. Thanks to the activities of the scientist, many monuments in Russia and Ukraine were saved from demolition, "reconstruction" and "restoration".

For his scientific and social activities, Dmitry Likhachev was awarded many government awards. Academician Likhachev was twice awarded the State Prize of the USSR - for the scientific works "History of the Culture of Ancient Russia" (1952) and "Poetics of Old Russian Literature" (1969), and the State Prize of the Russian Federation for the series "Monuments of Literature of Ancient Russia" (1993). In 2000, Dmitry Likhachev was posthumously awarded the State Prize of Russia for the development of the artistic direction of domestic television and the creation of the all-Russian state television channel "Culture".

Academician Dmitry Likhachev was awarded the highest awards of the USSR and Russia - the title of Hero of Socialist Labor (1986) with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal, he was the first holder of the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called (1998), and was also awarded many orders and medals.

Since 1935, Dmitry Likhachev was married to Zinaida Makarova, an employee of the publishing house. In 1937, their twin daughters Vera and Lyudmila were born. In 1981, the academician's daughter Vera died in a car accident.

2006, the year of the centenary of the scientist's birth, by decree of Russian President Vladimir Putin.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

culture. He lived a very long life, in which there were hardships, persecutions, as well as grandiose achievements in the scientific field, recognition not only at home, but throughout the world. When Dmitry Sergeevich died, they spoke with one voice: he was the conscience of the nation. And there is no stretch in this pompous definition. Indeed, Likhachev was an example of selfless and relentless service to the Motherland.

He was born in St. Petersburg, in the family of an electrical engineer Sergei Mikhailovich Likhachev. The Likhachevs lived modestly, but found opportunities not to give up their passion - regular visits to the Mariinsky Theater, or rather, ballet performances. And in the summer they rented a dacha in Kuokkale, where Dmitry joined the environment of artistic youth. In 1914, he entered the gymnasium, subsequently changing several schools, as the education system changed in connection with the events of the revolution and the Civil War. In 1923, Dmitry entered the ethnological and linguistic department of the Faculty of Social Sciences of Petrograd University. At some point, he entered a student circle under the comic name "Space Academy of Sciences". The members of this circle met regularly, read and discussed each other's reports. In February 1928, Dmitry Likhachev was arrested for participating in a circle and sentenced to 5 years "for counter-revolutionary activities." The investigation lasted six months, after which Likhachev was sent to the Solovetsky camp.

Likhachev later called the experience of life in the camp his "second and main university." He changed several activities on Solovki. For example, he worked as an employee of the Criminological Cabinet and organized a labor colony for teenagers. “I came out of all this trouble with a new knowledge of life and with a new state of mind- said Dmitry Sergeevich in an interview. - The good that I managed to do to hundreds of teenagers, saving their lives, and many other people, the good received from the fellow campers themselves, the experience of everything I saw created in me some kind of peace and mental health that was very deeply rooted in me..

Likhachev was released ahead of schedule, in 1932, and “with a red stripe” - that is, with a certificate that he was a shock worker in the construction of the White Sea-Baltic Canal, and this certificate gave him the right to live anywhere. He returned to Leningrad, worked as a proofreader at the publishing house of the Academy of Sciences (a criminal record prevented him from getting a more serious job). In 1938, through the efforts of the leaders of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Likhachev's conviction was expunged. Then Dmitry Sergeevich went to work at the Institute of Russian Literature of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Pushkin House). In June 1941 he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic "Novgorod Chronicles of the XII century." The scientist defended his doctoral dissertation after the war, in 1947.

Dmitry Likhachev. 1987 Photo: aif.ru

USSR State Prize winner Dmitry Likhachev (left) talks with Russian Soviet writer Veniamin Kaverin at the 8th Congress of Soviet Writers. Photo: aif.ru

D. S. Likhachev. May 1967 Photo: likhachev.lfond.spb.ru

The Likhachevs survived the war (by that time Dmitry Sergeevich was married, he had two daughters) partially survived in besieged Leningrad. After the terrible winter of 1941–1942, they were evacuated to Kazan. After his stay in the camp, Dmitry Sergeevich's health was undermined, and he was not subject to conscription to the front.

The main topic of Likhachev the scientist was Old Russian literature. In 1950, under his scientific guidance, the Tale of Bygone Years and The Tale of Igor's Campaign were prepared for publication in the Literary Monuments series. A team of talented researchers of ancient Russian literature gathered around the scientist. From 1954 until the end of his life, Dmitry Sergeevich headed the sector of ancient Russian literature of the Pushkin House. In 1953, Likhachev was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. At that time, he already enjoyed unquestioned authority among all the Slavic scholars of the world.

The 50s, 60s, 70s were an incredibly eventful time for a scientist, when his most important books were published: “Man in the Literature of Ancient Russia”, “The Culture of Russia in the Time of Andrei Rublev and Epiphanius the Wise”, “Textology”, “Poetics Old Russian Literature”, “Epochs and Styles”, “Great Heritage”. Likhachev in many ways opened ancient Russian literature to a wide range of readers, did everything to make it “come to life”, become interesting not only to philologists.

In the second half of the 80s and in the 90s, Dmitry Sergeevich's authority was incredibly great not only in academic circles, he was revered by people of various professions and political views. He acted as a propagandist for the protection of monuments - both tangible and intangible. From 1986 to 1993, Academician Likhachev was chairman of the Russian Cultural Foundation, was elected a people's deputy of the Supreme Council.

V.P. Adrianov-Peretz and D.S. Likhachev. 1967 Photo: likhachev.lfond.spb.ru

Dmitry Likhachev. Photo: slvf.ru

D.S. Likhachev and V.G. Rasputin. 1986 Photo: likhachev.lfond.spb.ru

Dmitry Sergeevich lived for 92 years, during his earthly journey in Russia political regimes changed several times. He was born in St. Petersburg and died in it, but he lived both in Petrograd and Leningrad ... The outstanding scientist carried faith through all the trials (and his parents were from Old Believer families) and endurance, always remained true to his mission - to keep the memory, history, culture. Dmitry Sergeevich suffered from the Soviet regime, but did not become a dissident, he always found a reasonable compromise in relations with his superiors in order to be able to do his job. His conscience was not stained by any unseemly act. He once wrote about his experience of serving time in Solovki: “I understood the following: every day is a gift from God. I need to live the day, be content to live another day. And be grateful for every day. Therefore, there is no need to be afraid of anything in the world.”. In the life of Dmitry Sergeevich there were many, many days, each of which he filled with work to increase the cultural wealth of Russia.

Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev(November 28, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire - September 30, 1999, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation) - Russian philologist, art critic, screenwriter, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (until 1991 - Academy of Sciences of the USSR).

Author of fundamental works on the history of Russian literature (mainly Old Russian) and Russian culture. Author of works (including more than forty books) on a wide range of problems in the theory and history of ancient Russian literature, many of which have been translated into different languages. Author of 500 scientific and about 600 journalistic works. Likhachev made a significant contribution to the development of the study of ancient Russian literature and art. The circle of scientific interests of Likhachev is very extensive: from the study of icon painting to the analysis of the prison life of prisoners. Throughout all the years of his activity he was an active defender of culture, a propagandist of morality and spirituality. He was directly involved in the preservation and restoration of various cultural sites in St. Petersburg and its suburbs.

Father - Sergey Mikhailovich Likhachev, electrical engineer, mother - Vera Semyonovna Likhacheva, nee Konyaeva.

In November 1931, he was transferred from the Solovetsky camp to Belbaltlag, worked as an accountant and railway dispatcher at the construction of the White Sea-Baltic Canal.

Released ahead of schedule in 1932 and returned to Leningrad. In 1932-33, he was the literary editor of Sotsekgiz. * Publication of the article “Features of the primitive primitivism of thieves' speech” in the collection of the Institute of Language and Thinking. N. Ya. Marra "Language and thinking". In 1936, all criminal records were expunged from Likhachev, at the request of Karpinsky.

• Twin daughters Vera and Lyudmila Likhachev were born.

• Junior, since 1997 - Senior Researcher (IRLI AS USSR).

• He was with his family in besieged Leningrad.
• Publication of the first book "Defense of Old Russian Cities" (1942), written jointly. with M. A. Tikhanova.

• candidate of philological sciences on the topic: "Novgorod Chronicles of the XII century".

• Together with his family, he was evacuated along the Road of Life from besieged Leningrad to Kazan.

• He was awarded the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad".

• In besieged Leningrad, father Sergei Mikhailovich Likhachev died.

Scientific maturity

• Publication of the books “National Self-Consciousness of Ancient Russia. Essays from the field of Russian literature of the 11th-17th centuries. M.-L., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences. 1945. 120 p. (phototype. reprinted book: The Hugue, 1969) and Novgorod the Great: An Outline of the Cultural History of Novgorod in the 11th-17th centuries. L., Gospolitizdat. 1945. 104 p. 10 te (Republished: M., Sov. Russia. 1959.102 p.).

• He was awarded the medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."
• Publication of the book “Culture of Russia in the era of the formation of the Russian national state. (The end of the XIV - the beginning of the XVI century). M., Gospolitizdat. 1946. 160 p. 30 te (phototype. reprint of the book: The Hugue, 1967).

• Associate Professor, Professor of the Leningrad State University. At the Faculty of History of the Leningrad State University, he read special courses "History of Russian chronicle writing", "Palaeography", "History of the culture of Ancient Russia", etc.

• He defended his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philology on the topic: "Essays on the history of literary forms of chronicle writing - the 16th centuries."
• Publication of the book "Russian chronicles and their cultural and historical significance" M.-L., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 1947. 499 p. 5 te (phototype. reprint of the book: The Hugue, 1966).

• Member of the Academic Council of the IRLI AS USSR.

• Edition of "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" in the series "Literary Monuments" with translation and comments by D.S. Likhachev.
• Edition of The Tale of Bygone Years in the Literary Monuments series with translation (jointly with B. A. Romanov) and comments by D. S. Likhachev (reprinted: St. Petersburg, 1996).
• Publication of the articles "Historical and political outlook of the author of The Tale of Igor's Campaign" and "Oral Origins of the Artistic System of The Tale of Igor's Campaign".
• Publication of the book: "The Tale of Igor's Campaign": Historical and literary essay. (NPS). M.-L., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 1950. 164 p. 20 te 2nd ed., add. M.-L., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 1955. 152 p. 20 te

• Approved as a professor.
• Publication of the article "Literature of the XI-XIII centuries." in the collective work "The History of the Culture of Ancient Russia". (Volume 2. Pre-Mongol period), which received the State Prize of the USSR.

• The Stalin Prize of the second degree was awarded for the collective scientific work “The History of the Culture of Ancient Russia. T. 2".
• Publication of the book "The Emergence of Russian Literature". M.-L., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences. 1952. 240 p. 5 te

• Elected a Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
• Publication of the articles "Folk poetic art during the heyday of the ancient Russian early feudal state (X-XI centuries)" and "Folk poetic art during the years of feudal fragmentation of Russia - before the Tatar-Mongol invasion (XII-beginning of the XIII century)" in the collective work "Russian Folk poetic creativity.

• Awarded the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences for the work "The Emergence of Russian Literature".
• He was awarded the medal "For Labor Valour".

• Head of the Sector, with - Department of Old Russian Literature of the Institute of Russian Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

• The first speech in the press in defense of ancient monuments (Literaturnaya Gazeta, January 15, 1955).

1955-1999

• Member of the Bureau of the Department of Literature and Language of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

• Member of the Union of Writers of the USSR (Section of Criticism), since 1992 - member of the Union of Writers of St. Petersburg.
• Member of the Archaeographic Commission of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, since 1974 - member of the Bureau of the Archaeographic Commission of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

• The first trip abroad - he was sent to Bulgaria to work in manuscript repositories.
• Participated in the IV International Congress of Slavists (Moscow), where he was chairman of the subsection of ancient Slavic literatures. The report "Some Problems of Studying the Second South Slavic Influence in Russia" was made.
• Publication of the book "Man in the Literature of Ancient Russia" M.-L., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences. 1958. 186 p. 3 te (reprinted: M., 1970; Likhachev D.S. Selected works: In 3 vols. T. 3. L., 1987) and the brochure “Some Problems of Studying the Second South Slavic Influence in Russia”. M., Publishing house AN. 1958. 67 p. 1 te

• Deputy Chairman of the Permanent Editing and Textological Commission of the International Committee of Slavists.

• Member of the Academic Council of the Museum of Old Russian Art. Andrei Rublev.

• A granddaughter, Vera, was born, the daughter of Lyudmila Dmitrievna (from her marriage to Sergei Zilitinkevich, a physicist).

• Participated in the I International Conference on Poetics (Poland).

• Deputy Chairman of the Leningrad Branch of the Soviet-Bulgarian Friendship Society.

1960-1999

• Member of the Academic Council of the State Russian Museum.
• Member of the Soviet (Russian) Committee of Slavists.

• Participated in the II International Conference on Poetics (Poland).
• Since 1961 he has been a member of the editorial board of the journal Izvestia of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Department of Literature and Language.
• Publication of books: "Culture of the Russian people 10-17 centuries." M.-L., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences. 1961. 120 p. 8 te (2nd ed.) M.-L., 1977. and "The Tale of Igor's Campaign - the Heroic Prologue of Russian Literature." M.-L., Goslitizdat. 1961. 134 p. 30 te 2nd ed. L., KhL.1967.119 p.200 t.e.

• Member of the Leningrad City Council of Workers' Deputies.

• Trip to Poland
• Publication of books "Textology: On the material of Russian literature of the X - XVII centuries." M.-L., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences. 1962. 605 p. 2500 e. (re-ed.: L., 1983; St. Petersburg, 2001) and “The Culture of Russia in the time of Andrei Rublev and Epiphanius the Wise (end of the 14th - beginning of the 15th century)” M.-L., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences. 1962. 172 p. 30 te

(Reprinted: Likhachev D.S. Reflections on Russia. St. Petersburg, 1999).

• Elected as a foreign member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
• The Presidium of the People's Assembly of the People's Republic of Bulgaria was awarded the Order of Cyril and Methodius, I degree.
• Participated in the V International Congress of Slavists (Sofia).
• Was sent to Austria to give lectures.

• Member of the Artistic Council of the Second Creative Association of Lenfilm.

• Since 1963 he has been a member of the editorial board of the USSR Academy of Sciences series "Popular Science Literature".

• Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun (Poland).
• A trip to Hungary to read reports at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
• A trip to Yugoslavia to participate in a symposium dedicated to the study of the work of Vuk Karadzic, and to work in manuscript repositories.

• A trip to Poland for lectures and reports.
• A trip to Czechoslovakia to a meeting of the Permanent Editing and Textological Commission of the International Committee of Slavists.
• A trip to Denmark for the South-North Symposium organized by UNESCO.

• Member of the Organizing Committee of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments.

• Member of the Commission for the Protection of Cultural Monuments under the Union of Artists of the RSFSR.

• He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for merits in the development of Soviet philological science and in connection with the 60th anniversary of his birth.
• Trip to Bulgaria for scientific work.
• A trip to Germany to a meeting of the Permanent Editing and Textological Commission of the International Committee of Slavists.

• The granddaughter Zina was born, the daughter of Vera Dmitrievna (from her marriage to Yuri Kurbatov, an architect). Currently, Zinaida Kurbatova is a correspondent for Vesti St. Petersburg on Russia 1 channel.

• Elected an honorary doctorate from the University of Oxford (UK).
• Trip to the UK for lecturing.
• Participated in the General Assembly and scientific symposium of the UNESCO Council on History and Philosophy (Romania).
• Publication of the book "Poetics of Old Russian Literature" L., Nauka. 1967. 372 p. 5200 e., awarded the State Prize of the USSR (reprinted: L., 1971; M., 1979; Likhachev D. S. Selected works: In 3 volumes. T. 1. L., 1987)
• Member of the Council of the Leningrad city branch of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments.
• Member of the Central Council, s - member of the Presidium of the Central Council of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments.

• Member of the Academic Council of the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of History of the USSR of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

• Elected a Corresponding Member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.
• Participated in the VI International Congress of Slavists (Prague). I read the report "Old Slavic Literature as a System".

• Awarded the State Prize of the USSR for the scientific work "Poetics of Old Russian Literature".
• Participated in a conference on epic poetry (Italy).

• Member of the Scientific Council on the complex problem "History of World Culture" of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. C is a member of the Bureau of the Council.

Academician

• Elected full member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

• Elected a foreign member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
• He was awarded a diploma of the 1st degree of the All-Union Society "Knowledge" for the book "Man in the Literature of Ancient Russia".
• Awarded an honorary doctorate degree from the University of Edinburgh (UK).
• Publication of the book "The Artistic Heritage of Ancient Russia and Modernity" L., Nauka. 1971. 121 p. 20 te (jointly with V. D. Likhacheva).

• Mother Vera Semyonovna Likhacheva died.

• Member of the editorial board of the Concise Literary Encyclopedia.

• Head of the Archaeographic Group of the Leningrad Branch of the Archives of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

• He was awarded a diploma of the 1st degree of the All-Union Society "Knowledge" for participation in the collective scientific work "A Brief History of the USSR. Part 1.
• Elected an honorary member of the historical and literary school society "Boyan" (Rostov region).
• Elected a foreign member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
• Participated in the VII International Congress of Slavists (Warsaw). The report “The Origin and Development of Genres of Old Russian Literature” was read.
• Publication of the book "Development of Russian Literature X - XVII centuries: Epochs and Styles" L., Nauka. 1973. 254 p. 11 t.e. (reprinted: Likhachev D.S. Selected works: in 3 volumes. T. 1. L., 1987; St. Petersburg, 1998).

• Member of the Academic Council of the Leningrad Institute of Theatre, Music and Cinematography.

• Member of the Leningrad (St. Petersburg) Branch of the Archaeographic Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences, since 1975 - Member of the Bureau of the Branch of the Archaeographic Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
• Member of the Bureau of the Archaeographic Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
• Chairman of the editorial board of the yearbook “Monuments of Culture. New discoveries” of the Scientific Council on the complex problem “History of World Culture” of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
• Chairman of the Scientific Council on the complex problem "History of World Culture" of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

• He was awarded the medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."
• He was awarded the VDNKh gold medal for the monograph "The Development of Russian Literature - the 17th centuries."
• He opposed the expulsion of A. D. Sakharov from the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
• A trip to Hungary to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
• Participated in the symposium "MAPRYAL" (International Association of Teachers of Russian Language and Literature) on comparative literature (Bulgaria).
• Publication of the book "The Great Heritage: Classical Works of Literature of Ancient Russia" M., Sovremennik. 1975. 366 p. 50 te (republished: M., 1980; Likhachev D.S. Selected works: in 3 volumes. T.2. L., 1987; 1997).

1975-1999

• Member of the editorial board of the publication of the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of History of the USSR of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR "Auxiliary Historical Disciplines".

• Participated in a special meeting of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on the book of O. Suleimenov "Az and I" (forbidden).
• Participated in the conference “Tyrnovo School. Pupils and followers of Efimy Tyrnovskiy” (Bulgaria).
• Elected Associate Member of the British Academy.
• Publication of the book "Laughing World" of Ancient Russia" L., Nauka. 1976. 204 p. 10 t.e. (jointly with A. M. Panchenko; republished: L., Nauka. 1984.295 p.; “Laughter in Ancient Russia” - jointly with A. M. Panchenko and N. V. Ponyrko; 1997 : "Historical poetics of literature. Laughter as a worldview").

1976-1999

• Member of the editorial board of the international magazine "Palaeobulgarica" ​​(Sofia).

• The State Council of the People's Republic of Bulgaria was awarded the Order of Cyril and Methodius, I degree.
• By the Presidium of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Academic Council of the Sofia University named after Kliment Ohridsky, he was awarded the Cyril and Methodius Prize for the work “Golemiyat is sacred to Russian literature”.

• He was awarded a diploma of the Union of Bulgarian Journalists and the Golden Pen badge of honor for his great creative contribution to Bulgarian journalism and journalism.
• Elected an honorary member of the literary club of high school students "Brigantina".
• A trip to Bulgaria to participate in the international symposium "Tyrnovo art school and Slavic-Byzantine art of the XII-XV centuries." and for lecturing at the Institute of Bulgarian Literature of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Center for Bulgarian Studies.
• A trip to the GDR for a meeting of the Permanent Editing and Textological Commission of the International Committee of Slavists.
• Publication of the book "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" and the culture of his time" L., KhL. 1978. 359 p. 50 t.e. (re-ed.: L., 1985; St. Petersburg, 1998)

• Initiator, editor (jointly with L. A. Dmitriev) and author of introductory articles to the monumental series "Monuments of Literature of Ancient Russia" (12 volumes), published by the publishing house "Fiction" (the publication was awarded the State Prize in 1993).

• The State Council of the People's Republic of Bulgaria awarded the honorary title of laureate of the International Prize named after the brothers Cyril and Methodius for exceptional merits in the development of Old Bulgarian and Slavic studies, for the study and popularization of the work of the brothers Cyril and Methodius.
• Publication of the article "Ecology of Culture" (Moscow, 1979, No. 7)

• Member of the editorial board of the book series "Literary Monuments of Siberia" of the East Siberian Book Publishing House (Irkutsk).

• The Secretariat of the Writers' Union of Bulgaria awarded the honorary badge "Nikola Vaptsarov".
• A trip to Bulgaria to give lectures at Sofia University.

• He was awarded the Certificate of Honor of the All-Union Voluntary Society of Book Lovers for his outstanding contribution to the study of ancient Russian culture, Russian books, and source studies.

The State Council of the People's Republic of Bulgaria awarded the "International Prize named after Evfimy Tarnovskiy".

• He was awarded the honorary badge of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
• Participated in the conference dedicated to the 1300th anniversary of the Bulgarian state (Sofia).
• Publication of the collection of articles "Literature - Reality - Literature". L., Soviet writer. 1981. 215 p. 20 te (reprinted: L., 1984; Likhachev D.S. Selected works: In 3 vols. T. 3. L., 1987) and the brochure “Notes on Russian”. M., Sov. Russia. 1981. 71 p. 75 t.e. (reprinted: M., 1984; Likhachev D.S. Selected works: In 3 volumes. T. 2. L., 1987; 1997).

• A great-grandson Sergei was born, the son of the granddaughter of Vera Tolts (from marriage to Vladimir Solomonovich Tolts, a Sovietologist, a Jew from Ufa).

• Daughter Vera died in a car accident.

• Member of the editorial board of the almanac of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments "Monuments of the Fatherland".

• Awarded a Certificate of Appreciation and a prize from the Ogonyok magazine for the interview titled The Memory of History is Sacred.
• Elected honorary doctor of the University of Bordeaux (France).
• The editorial board of Literaturnaya Gazeta awarded a prize for active participation in the work of Literaturnaya Gazeta.
• A trip to Bulgaria for lectures and consultations at the invitation of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
• Publication of the book "Poetry of gardens: Towards the semantics of landscape gardening styles" L., Nauka. 1982. 343 p. 9950 e. (reprinted: L., 1991; St. Petersburg, 1998).

• He was awarded the VDNKh Diploma of Honor for creating a manual for teachers "The Tale of Igor's Campaign".
• Elected honorary doctor of the University of Zurich (Switzerland).
• Member of the Soviet Organizing Committee for the preparation and holding of the IX International Congress of Slavists (Kyiv).
• Publication of the book for students "Native Land". M., Det.lit. 1985. 207 p.

1983-1999

• Chairman of the Pushkin Commission of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

• The name of D.S. Likhachev was given to the minor planet No. 2877, discovered by Soviet astronomers: (2877) Likhachev-1969 TR2.

1984-1999

• Member of the Leningrad Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

• He was awarded the jubilee medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."
• The Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR awarded the V. G. Belinsky Prize for the book “The Tale of Igor's Campaign and the Culture of His Time”.
• The editorial board of Literaturnaya Gazeta awarded the title of laureate of Literaturnaya Gazeta for active cooperation in the newspaper.
• Awarded an honorary doctorate degree from the Eötvös Lorand University of Budapest.
• A trip to Hungary at the invitation of the Eötvös Lorand University of Budapest in connection with the 350th anniversary of the university.
• Participated in the Cultural Forum of the states-participants of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Hungary). The report "Problems of Preservation and Development of Folklore in the Conditions of the Scientific and Technical Revolution" was read.
• Publication of books "The Past - the Future: Articles and Essays" L., Nauka. 1985. 575 p. 15 t.e. and "Letters about the good and the beautiful" M., Det.lit. 1985. 207 p. (reprinted: Tokyo, 1988; M., 1989; Simferopol, 1990; St. Petersburg, 1994; St. Petersburg, 1999).

• In connection with the 80th anniversary, he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
• The State Council of the People's Republic of Bulgaria was awarded the Order of Georgy Dimitrov (Bulgaria's highest award).
• He was awarded the medal "Veteran of Labour".
• Listed in the Book of Honor of the All-Union Society "Knowledge" for active work in promoting artistic culture and providing methodological assistance to lecturers.
• Awarded the title of laureate of "Literary Russia" for 1986 and awarded the prize of the magazine "Spark".
• Elected Honorary Chairman of the International Society for the Study of F. M. Dostoevsky (IDS).
• Elected an honorary member of the book and graphics section of the Leningrad House of Scientists. M. Gorky.
• He was elected a corresponding member of the section "Irises" of the Moscow city club of amateur flower growers.
• Participated in the Soviet-American-Italian symposium "Literature: Tradition and Values" (Italy).
• Participated in a conference dedicated to "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" (Poland).
• The book "Studies in Old Russian Literature" was published. L., Science. 1986. 405 p. 25 t.e. and the pamphlet The Memory of History is Sacred. M. True. 1986. 62 p. 80 te

• Chairman of the Board of the Soviet Cultural Fund (since 1991 - the Russian Cultural Fund).

• He was awarded the medal and the "Bibliophile's Almanac" award.
• He was awarded a diploma for the film "Poetry of Gardens" (Lentelefilm, 1985), awarded the second prize at the V All-Union Review of Films on Architecture and Civil Engineering.
• He was elected a deputy of the Leningrad City Council of People's Deputies.
• He was elected a member of the Commission on the Literary Heritage of B. L. Pasternak.
• Elected a foreign member of the National Academy of Italy.
• Participated in the international forum "For a nuclear-free world, for the survival of mankind" (Moscow).
• Trip to France for the 16th session of the Permanent Mixed Soviet-French Commission for Cultural and Scientific Relations.
• A trip to the UK at the invitation of the British Academy and the University of Glasgow for lectures and consultations on the history of culture.
• A trip to Italy for a meeting of an informal initiative group to organize a fund "For the survival of mankind in a nuclear war."
• Publication of the book "The Great Way: The Formation of Russian Literature in the XI-XVII centuries." M., Contemporary. 1987. 299 p. 25 t.e.
• Edition of "Selected Works" in 3 vols.

• Member of the editorial board of the magazine "New World", c - member of the Public Council of the magazine.

• Participated in the work of the international meeting "International Fund for the Survival and Development of Mankind".
• Elected Honorary Doctor of Sofia University (Bulgaria).
• Elected a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences (FRG).
• A trip to Finland for the opening of the exhibition "Time of Change, 1905-1930 (Russian Avant-Garde)".
• A trip to Denmark for the opening of the exhibition “Russian and Soviet art from personal collections. 1905-1930"
• A trip to the UK to present the first issue of Our Heritage magazine.
• Publication of the book: "Dialogues about yesterday, today and tomorrow." M., Sov. Russia. 1988. 142 p. 30 te (co-author N. G. Samvelyan)

• The great-granddaughter Vera was born, the daughter of the granddaughter Zinaida Kurbatova (from her marriage to Igor Rutter, an artist, a Sakhalin German).

• Awarded the European (1st) Prize for Cultural Activities in 1988.
• Awarded the International Literary and Journalistic Prize of Modena (Italy) for his contribution to the development and dissemination of culture in 1988.
• Together with other cultural figures, he advocated the return of the Solovetsky and Valaam monasteries to the Russian Orthodox Church.
• Participated in the meeting of the ministers of culture of European countries in France.
• Member of the Soviet (later Russian) branch of the Pen Club.
• Publication of the books "Notes and Observations: From Notebooks of Different Years" L., Soviet writer. 1989. 605 p. 100 te and "On Philology" M., Higher School. 1989. 206 p. 24 te

• People's Deputy of the USSR from the Soviet Cultural Fund.

• Member of the International Committee for the Revival of the Library of Alexandria.
• Honorary Chairman of the All-Union (since 1991 - Russian) Pushkin Society.
• Member of the International Editorial Board established for the publication of the Complete Works of A. S. Pushkin in English.
• Laureate of the International Prize of the City of Fiuggi (Italy).
• Publication of the book "School on Vasilyevsky: A book for teachers". M., Enlightenment. 1990. 157 p. 100 t.e. (jointly with N.V. Blagovo and E.B. Belodubrovsky).

• A.P. Karpinsky Prize (Hamburg) was awarded for research and publication of monuments of Russian literature and culture.
• Awarded an honorary doctorate degree from Charles University (Prague).
• Elected an honorary member of the Serbian Matica (SFRY).
• Elected an honorary member of the World Club of Petersburgers.
• Elected an honorary member of the German Pushkin Society.
• Publication of books "I remember" M., Progress. 1991. 253 p. 10 t.e., "The Book of Anxiety" M., News. 1991. 526 p. 30 t.e., "Reflections" M., Det.lit. 1991. 316 p. 100 te

• Elected Foreign Fellow of the Philosophical Scientific Society of the United States.
• Elected honorary doctor of the University of Siena (Italy).
• Awarded the title of Honorary Citizen of Milan and Arezzo (Italy).
• Member of the International Charitable Program "New Names".
• Chairman of the Public Jubilee Sergius Committee for the preparation for the celebration of the 600th anniversary of the repose of St. Sergius of Radonezh.
• Publication of the book "Russian art from antiquity to the avant-garde". M., Art. 1992. 407 p.

• The Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences was awarded the Big Gold Medal. M. V. Lomonosov for outstanding achievements in the field of the humanities.
• Awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation for the series "Monuments of Literature of Ancient Russia".
• Elected a foreign member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
• Awarded the title of the first Honorary Citizen of St. Petersburg by the decision of the St. Petersburg Council of People's Deputies.
• Elected an honorary doctor of the St. Petersburg Humanitarian University of Trade Unions.
• The book "Articles of the Early Years" was published. Tver, Tver. OO RFK. 1993. 144 p.

• Chairman of the State Jubilee Pushkin Commission (on the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the birth of A. S. Pushkin).
• Publication of the book: "Great Russia: History and Artistic Culture of the X-XVII centuries" M., Art. 1994. 488 p. .

• Participated in the International Colloquium "The Creation of the World and the Destiny of Man" (St. Petersburg - Novgorod). Presented the project "Declaration of the Rights of Culture".
• He was awarded the Order of the Madarski Horseman of the first degree for exceptional merits in the development of Bulgarian studies, for promoting the role of Bulgaria in the development of world culture.
• On the initiative of D.S. Likhachev and with the support of the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the International Non-Governmental Organization "Foundation of the 200th Anniversary of A.S. Pushkin" was created.
• Publication of the book "Memories" (St. Petersburg, Logos. 1995. 517 p. 3 t.e. reprinted. 1997, 1999, 2001).

• He was awarded the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree, for outstanding services to the state and a great personal contribution to the development of Russian culture.
• He was awarded the Order of Stara Planina of the first degree for his great contribution to the development of Slavic and Bulgarian studies and for his great services in strengthening bilateral scientific and cultural ties between the Republic of Bulgaria and the Russian Federation.
• Publication of books: "Essays on the Philosophy of Artistic Creation" St. Petersburg, Blitz. 1996. 158 p. 2 t.e. (re-ed. 1999) and "Without evidence" St. Petersburg, Blitz. 1996. 159 p. 5 t.e.

• Laureate of the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of literature and art.
• Awarding the prize "For the honor and dignity of talent", established by the International Literary Fund.
• A private art award from Tsarskoye Selo under the slogan "From Artist to Artist" was presented (St. Petersburg).
• Publication of the book "On the Intelligentsia: Collection of Articles".

• The great-granddaughter Hannah was born, the daughter of the granddaughter of Vera Tolz (from her marriage to Yor Gorlitsky, a Sovietologist).

1997-1999

• Editor (jointly with L. A. Dmitriev, A. A. Alekseev, N. V. Ponyrko) and author of introductory articles of the monumental series "Library of Literature of Ancient Russia (published vols. 1 - 7, 9 − 11) - publishing house "Science ".

• He was awarded the Order of the Apostle Andrew the First-Called for his contribution to the development of national culture (first cavalier).
• He was awarded the Gold Medal of the first degree from the Interregional Non-Commercial Charitable Foundation in memory of A. D. Menshikov (St. Petersburg).
• He was awarded the Nebolsin Prize of the International Charitable Foundation and Vocational Education. A. G. Nebolsina.
• Awarded with the International Silver Commemorative Badge "Swallow of Peace" (Italy) for his great contribution to the promotion of the ideas of peace and the interaction of national cultures.
• Publication of the book “The Tale of Igor's Campaign and the Culture of His Time. Works of recent years. St. Petersburg, Logos. 1998. 528 p. 1000 e.

• One of the founders of the "Congress of St. Petersburg Intelligentsia" (along with Zh. Alferov, D. Granin, A. Zapesotsky, K. Lavrov, A. Petrov, M. Piotrovsky).
• He was awarded a souvenir Golden Jubilee Pushkin Medal from the Foundation for the 200th Anniversary of A. S. Pushkin.

Publication of the books “Reflections on Russia”, “Novgorod Album”.

Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev died on September 30, 1999 in St. Petersburg. He was buried at the cemetery in Komarovo on October 4th. The monument on the grave of the scientist was made by the famous sculptor V. S. Vasilkovsky.

The value of creative and social activities

D. S. Likhachev made a significant contribution to the development of the study of ancient Russian literature. Some of the best research on such literary monuments as The Tale of Bygone Years, The Tale of Igor's Campaign, The Prayer of Daniil the Zatochnik, and others belong to his pen. Likhachev also took an active part in the reconstruction of the Mon Repos park near St. Petersburg. Likhachev largely contributed to the development of the book series "Literary Monuments", being the chairman of its editorial board since 1970. The famous actor, People's Artist of the Russian Federation Igor Dmitriev described the main significance of D. S. Likhachev in the development of Russian culture:

civil position

Foreign member of the Academies of Sciences of Bulgaria, Hungary, the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Serbia. Corresponding member of the Austrian, American, British (1976), Italian, Göttingen academies, corresponding member of the oldest US society - the Philosophical. Member of the Writers' Union since 1956. Since 1983 - Chairman of the Pushkin Commission of the Russian Academy of Sciences, since 1974 - Chairman of the Editorial Board of the annual "Monuments of Culture. New discoveries". From 1993 to 1993, he headed the editorial board of the Literary Monuments series, since 1987 he has been a member of the editorial board of the Novy Mir magazine, and since 1988, of the Our Heritage magazine.

The Russian Academy of Art Studies and Musical Performance was awarded the Amber Cross Order of Arts (). Awarded with an Honorary Diploma of the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg (