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Presentation on the topic: Kievan Rus

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Kiev principality Kiev principality (ukr. Kiev princedom, other Russian Kiev principality) - a principality in feudal Russia and in the Lithuanian-Russian state. Years: 1132 - 1471 Capital: Kyiv Language(s): Old Russian Religion: Orthodox Christianity Population: Eastern Slavs Form of government: Monarchy Dynasty: Rurikovichi, Gediminovichi

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Natural and geographical position Kiev Principality: geographical position This territory bordered on Polotsk land in the northwestern part, and Chernihiv was located in the northeast. Western and southwestern neighbors were Poland and the Principality of Galicia. The city, built on the hills, was ideally located militarily. Speaking about the peculiarities of the geographical position of the Kyiv principality, it should be mentioned that it was well protected. Not far from it were the cities of Vruchiy (or Ovruch), Belgorod, and Vyshgorod - they all had good fortifications and controlled the territory adjacent to the capital, which provided additional protection from the western and southwestern sides. From the southern part, it was covered by a system of forts built along the banks of the Dnieper, and nearby well-defended cities on the Ros River.

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Public and economic life Location near the Dnieper played a big role in economic life. In addition to communication with the Black Sea, he brought Kyiv to the Baltic, which was helped by the Western Dvina and the Berezina. The Desna and the Seim ensured communication with the Don and Oka, and the Western Bug and Pripyat with the Neman and Dniester basins. Here was the so-called route "from the Varangians to the Greeks", which was a trade route. Thanks to fertile soils and a mild climate, agriculture developed intensively; cattle breeding, hunting were widespread, the inhabitants were engaged in fishing and beekeeping. Crafts were divided early in these parts. "Woodworking" played a rather significant role, as well as pottery and leather crafts. Due to the presence of iron deposits, the development of blacksmithing was possible. Many types of metals (silver, tin, copper, lead, gold) were delivered from neighboring countries. Thus, all this influenced the early formation of trade and craft relations in Kyiv and the cities located near it. -

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Public and economic life "The way from the Varangians to the Greeks", which was the core of the economy of Kievan Rus, lost its relevance after the Crusades, in particular, the capture of Constantinople (1204). Europe and the East were now connected bypassing Kyiv through the Mediterranean.

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Public administration Public administration in Kievan Rus. Kievan Rus was predominantly seen as an original society and state, developing in a different way than Europe or Asia. The head of the Old Russian state was the Grand Duke of Kyiv, who owned the highest economic, administrative, judicial and military power. He, however, was not the sole ruler of the state, and his power had not yet acquired a distinctly hereditary character. There were various ways to replace the Grand Duke's throne: inheritance, forcible seizure, and finally, election by a veche. The latter method, however, had an auxiliary character: the election of a prince by a veche usually only reinforced the inheritance or usurpation of power by him. First, the principality was ruled by an invited prince, later power was inherited, the first Old Russian prince who ruled in Russia was Rurik, but he did not rule in Kyiv, Kyiv became the main city of the Old Russian state under Oleg. Specifically, in the Kiev principality, the monarchy was the form of government. The Grand Duke had supreme legislative power. The executive power was also concentrated in the hands of the Grand Duke, who was the head of the administration, and judicial functions were also performed. Many major laws were issued by the Grand Dukes and bore their names.

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