Spiritual development of Ivan Flyagin. Ivan Severyanych Flyagin - the hero of the story N.S.

Greeting, checking readiness for the lesson, writing in the notebook the number and topic of the lesson. What is today's lesson on this topic? - Have we finished studying the life and deeds of Ivan Flyagin? - So, what is the purpose of the 3rd lesson? Why do we need to explore the life of a hero? Lesson plan. 1. How is the character of Flyagin revealed in the story: 1) service in nannies; 2) captured by the Tatars; 3) testing by love as the highest test of his humanity; 4) further tests of the hero's life: 15 years of service in the Caucasus under the name of Peter Serdyuk; in St. Petersburg in artists; in a monastery; the finale is on the way again. 2. Conclusion: What are the main features of the Russian national character of Ivan Severyanovich Flyagin? D / z: prepare for the test on the story, write a mini-essay on one of the topics: “What is the charm of Ivan Flyagin?”, “Russian national character of Ivan Flyagin.”, “Flyagin - a sinner or a righteous man?” Individually: make a test of 15 questions. -In the last lesson, we found out that Ivan is the son of “prayer and promise”, what does this mean? What motto is woven on his belt? -Flyagin many times in the story tells his story to the clerk, and the master, and Russian missionaries in Tatar captivity, and Father Ilya at confession, and the colonel in the Caucasus, and the doctor in the monastery. Why did he do it? (He relives life anew, connects the scattered pieces, clarifies for himself the meaning of his own being.) -What did you learn about the origin, the gift of the hero? (A serf, a gift - to see through a horse) - What two deeds of youth does Flyagin remember? (The murder of a nun and the salvation of the gentlemen) - Let's listen to these stories, as they will influence the life of Flyagin more than once. Retelling of the 1st episode "Death of a nun". - Did Flyagin realize what he had done? Experiencing remorse? (No, the nun perceives death as an unfortunate misunderstanding). Retelling of the episode "Saving the Count's Family". - How can you evaluate this act? (As noble. But it is taken for granted, the accordion is given, they promise to remember. And they will remember, they will thank: they will flog more than once.) - And now let's examine several episodes from the hero's life in order to identify what character traits manifested in Flyagin. To do this, we will divide into three groups. Each group will receive a card with a task and work for 10 minutes, and then tell. What is done. 1st episode - Flyagin's service in nannies; 2nd episode - Flyagin captured by the Tatars; Episode 3: Flyagin's test of love (See the assignments in the annex to the lesson) While the students are working in groups, at the blackboard 2 students write down the already studied character traits of the hero PHYSICAL MINUTE! The test of morality in the story goes on all the time. In the story with Grusha, he takes full responsibility for the sins of a stranger who destroys his own soul. Otherwise, Grusha would have killed herself and the unborn child. The love of the hero is selfless, the feeling is pure and great, because it is free from selfishness and possessiveness. After Grusha’s death, he thinks not about himself, but about her soul: “Pear’s soul is now dead, and it’s my duty to suffer for her and rescue her from hell. After Grusha’s death, the road is again, but this is the road to people, to meeting them on new grounds. He has already “crossed out” himself and lives from that moment on for others, for others, acquires kinship with heartbroken old men and goes to serve under the name their son Pyotr Serdyukov, i.е. changes fate and name with a man whom he has never seen. And again, the hero does not think, acts according to the dictates of the heart and does not consider this a sacrifice. He asks to go to the Caucasus, because there, he says, "I can die for my faith sooner." He will serve in the Caucasus for 15 years, everything happens like in a fairy tale: they didn’t kill him, and they made him an officer, and he was awarded the St. George Cross for bravery. Moral self-esteem has changed. In a confession to the colonel, he will evaluate his life in this way: "A great sinner ... I have destroyed many innocent souls in my lifetime." He is already aware of his responsibility to other people. Through suffering, the hero comprehends the meaning of his life. -After the service, the colonel gives him a letter of recommendation to Petersburg. What awaits him in Petersburg? (Belonging to the privileged class does not contribute to a career, does not allow you to return to your usual business - to be a coachman. The hero goes to the artists). - Where, finally, does Ivan Severyanych end up? (To the monastery) -Whose prophecy came true? -Why did the monastery not turn out to be the last pier, but became the stage of a new path? (His spirit did not calm down, an inner voice tells him: "take up arms" ...) - What does the hero dream about when leaving the monastery? Read the text in the last chapter with the words: “I, in anticipation of an impossible fulfillment ...” and find the lines in which his experience is expressed (“I was filled with fear for the Russian people and began to pray ... I cried about my homeland ...”; “I want to die for the people” - an epic dream.) -What is he, the hero of Leskov? What features of the Russian national character are reflected in Ivan Flyagin? (Mild, kind, truthful, honest, disinterested - which in a mercantile age looks like stupidity, lives in the interests of others, for the sake of others and for others, knows how to feel beauty, is responsive to someone else's grief, a highly spiritual person - ready to die for the people. - What does Leskov's story teach us? - What character traits of the hero would you like to develop in yourself?

N.S. Leskov never lost faith in the Russian people, in his ability to overcome all disasters. The writer imagined and saw some bright beginnings in the usual turmoil, even “wildness”, of simple Russian life. This was clearly manifested in The Enchanted Wanderer, a story about Ivan Flyagin, the son of a serf peasant woman and a coachman. What is the unusual fate, the life path of this hero?

Many researchers call Flyagin "the truth seeker of the Russian land." In principle, this is a fair definition, but not precise enough. What truth is Flyagin looking for? Can he seek the truth with his impulsiveness and little education?

Apparently, Flyagin is a special type, a kind of "nugget". He, of course, is a seeker, but not of truth as such, but of beauty, the meaning of life. Ivan is a “prayer”, that is, a son begged from God. From birth, he is characterized by restlessness, an eternal desire (through failures and “breakdowns”) for a bright, energetically full, “flowery” existence. Hence the “fall” of this hero and, in the final light, the enlightenment of the spirit, the rejection of the obscene.

Fate seemed to test Flyagin for the strength of the sense of goodness and common sense inherent in him. You will "die many times and never die" - he was predicted back in his adolescence. And so it happened. The whole life of the hero is a chain of misfortunes, the cause of which was often himself, his thirst for the extraordinary, the play of internal forces that did not find useful application.

So, even in childhood, Flyagin turned out to be an indirect culprit of a “road” accident, as a result of which the monk died. As an adult, the hero did not avoid adventurous situations (single combat with the Tatars near Penza). Because of this, Ivan Severyanovich had to hide in the steppe settlements for more than ten years, where horse hair was implanted in his heel, and he could not walk normally. Many times Flyagin was a victim of gullibility and addiction to the "green snake" ... But all the misfortune not only did not weaken his craving for life and perfection, but also strengthened it. Hence the hero's wanderings, the constant search for something that would satisfy the "thirst of the soul", craving for simplicity, the extraordinary. All this explains the accent word in the title of the story - "enchanted".

The charm of life and beauty is revealed with unusual force in the tavern scene. Quite drunk, Ivan Flyagin gives all the master's money (five thousand rubles) for the gypsy charms to the beautiful Grushenka: he "swept under her feet" during the dance of all his "swans", that is, large banknotes of money. In the excitement of the dance, the hero’s soul inflamed: “Didn’t you, cursed, make both the earth and the sky?” The words are blasphemous and, at the same time, deeply sincere, powerful. “Cursed” in the mouth of Ivan sounds like a characteristic of everything that is beautiful on earth ...

In the depths of the hero's soul, sparks of life always shone brightly, hopes, if possible, atonement for "sins", finding the truth for him. And Flyagin found this truth, at least for himself, in relation to the situation in which he found himself after all the wanderings and hardships. Without a family, a permanent place of residence, certain occupations, the hero always strives for the better, tries to unravel the "meaning" of life. In the end, he ends up in a monastery, hoping to stop the "restlessness" of his soul there, to find the truly beautiful. In this sense, Flyagin reminds us of the “future son”, who, after many misadventures, comes to the monastery in order to pray for his “sins” there.

But, once in the monastery, Ivan did not get rid of the torment of his conscience (for the death of Grushenka, for the death of a Tatar, a monk). He kept feeling that he was being pursued by Satan. It was decided to put Flyagin in the “cellar”, so that there, in prayers and in asceticism, liberation from obsession would come. And so it happened. But at the same time something else happened: an incredibly important epiphany of the hero. He was sent down to see and understand what others - alas! - not given to this day. Since then, our hero was filled with "fear for his Russian people and began to pray ... everything about his homeland ... but for his people."

The meaning of the wanderings, the whole life path of Ivan Flyagin, his foresight of the misfortune hanging over the people and the fatherland, the foresight that he has endured in himself for many years “ill-advised”, usually refers to a purely poetic element of the story. In this they see the fantastic, the “wonderful,” and therefore supposedly insignificant. But it is not. Through the mouth of Flyagin, Leskov not directly, but in a figurative, "prophetic" form, warned in the 70s of the XIX century: "we have all-destruction near us." And the spiritual heroism of Ivan Flyagin is that with all his bitter, but high in terms of dramatic fate, he convinces us: we must act with “mind”, responsibility, devotion to faith, without discarding honor and concern for others. It's time to put the question like this - just like that! Otherwise - "omnipotence".

The thorny life path of the protagonist, the hardships that he suffered, as it were crowned by this “truth of life”, to which he aspired. She was necessary for Flyagin as well as for all people.

Leskov's story, published in 1873, presents an unusual image of Ivan Flyagin, a Russian wanderer, whose biography is given by himself in the manner of an oral folk tale in a colloquial, but surprisingly poetic language.

At the same time, the presentation of the events of the hero's life, his biography resembles the canons of the life genre.

The image and characteristics of Ivan Flyagin in the story "The Enchanted Wanderer"

In the work, the image of the protagonist, with external unpretentiousness and simplicity, is ambiguous and complex. The author, studying the deep layers of the Russian soul, seeks holiness in the deeds of a sinner, shows an impatient truth-seeker who makes many mistakes, but, suffering and comprehending what he has done, comes to the path of repentance and true faith.

Key words that reveal the image of Ivan Flyagin: a deeply religious person, a disinterested and ingenuous nature, independence and openness, self-esteem, exceptional physical and spiritual strength, an expert in his field.

Portrait, characteristics and description of the main character

He was remarkable in appearance: of a heroic stature, dark-skinned, with thick, curly hair with gray hair, a gray mustache twisted like a hussar, dressed in a monastic robe. The author compares his appearance with the ingenuous, kind Russian hero Ilya Muromets from the painting by Vereshchagin. The hero was in his fifty-third year, and in the world his name was Ivan Severyanovich Flyagin.

Ivan's life

For the first time we meet the hero on a steamer sailing along Lake Ladoga to Valaam. Talking with fellow travelers, he tells the story of his difficult life. The short but frank confession of this handsome black-bearer captivates the listeners.

By origin, the hero belonged to a serf rank, his mother died early, and his father served as a coachman at the stable, where the boy is also assigned. Once he saved the count's family from death, risking his life. Having miraculously survived, the boy asks for an harmonica as a reward.

Somehow, for fun, Ivan whipped a monk who was dozing in a cart with a whip so as not to block the road, and he, awake, fell under the wheels and died. This monk appeared to him in a dream and announced to Ivan that for his mother he was not only a long-awaited and prayerful son, but also promised to God, therefore he needed to go to the monastery.

All his life this prophecy haunted him in unexpected situations. More than once he looked into the eyes of death, but neither earth nor water took him.

For mocking a cat that ate his pigeons, he was given a severe punishment: to crush stones for garden paths. Unable to endure bullying and hardships, he decides to commit suicide. But the gypsies save his life, persuading him to steal horses and leave with him for a free life. And Ivan decided on this, before that it was painful for him. The gypsy deceived and shortchanged, and Ivan, having straightened his fake documents for a pectoral cross, goes into the service of a nanny to the master, who was abandoned by his wife.

There, the hero became attached to the girl, fed her with goat's milk, on the advice of the doctor, began to carry her to the shore of the estuary and bury her sore legs in the sand. The inconsolable mother found the child, and, having told Ivan her story, she began to beg to give her daughter to her. But Ivan was inexorable, reproached her for violating her Christian duty. When her roommate offers the hero a thousand rubles, he, saying that he has never been sold, squeamishly spits on the money, throws it at the soldier's feet and fights with him. But, seeing the owner running with a gun, he gives the child himself and runs away with the one he had just beaten.

Left without documents and money, he again gets into trouble. At the horse auction, he sees how the Tatars fight for horses, hammering each other with whips, and wants to try his hand too. In the duel for the horse, which was his only a minute, he survived, but his opponent dies. The Tatars hide him and take him away, saving him from the police. So Flyagin is captured by the Gentiles, but a plan to escape ripens in his mind and one day he manages to carry out his plan.

Returning to his homeland, he helps the peasants to buy horses at fairs. And then, thanks to the rumor, the prince takes him to serve. Life has come calm and well-fed, only sometimes it breaks into spree from melancholy. And on the last exit, fate brings the gypsy Grushenka, who conquered him, and Flyagin, as if spellbound, threw all the money he had at her feet. The prince, having learned about Pear, carried away by her beauty and singing, brings her to the estate.

Ivan sincerely became attached to this extraordinary girl, took care of her. But when the impoverished prince decided to leave his annoying beloved for the sake of a profitable marriage, Ivan, pitying Grusha, distraught with grief and jealousy, who begged to save her from a shameful lot, pushes him off the cliff into the river.

Tormented by what he had done, looking for his own death, he leaves instead of another recruit to fight in the Caucasus, where he stayed for more than fifteen years. For faithful service and bravery, he was awarded the St. George Cross and granted an officer rank. Having received a letter of recommendation from the colonel, he gets a job in the capital as an assistant at the address desk, but work is not for him: boring, penniless. And they no longer take him as a coachman, his noble position does not allow riders to scold or hit him. He settled down in a booth, where they did not disdain his nobility, to play a demon. But he didn’t stay there either, he got into a fight, protecting the young actress from harassment.

Again, left without shelter and food, he decided to go to the monastery. Taking the name Ishmael, he performed his obedience in the monastery stable, which he was very pleased with, because it was not necessary to attend all the services in the church. But his believing soul toils that it’s not for him to serve in the temple, he can’t even put a candle normally, he will drop the whole candlestick. And then he killed a cow, accidentally mistaking it for a demon.

More than once he was punished for his negligence. And he began to prophesy war in order to stand up for the fatherland with faith. Tired of this wonderful monk, the abbot sends him on a pilgrimage to Solovki. Here on the way to the pilgrimage, the enchanted wanderer meets his grateful listeners, whom he told about the stages of his worldly journey.

Professions in the life of Ivan Flyagin

In childhood, a boy is identified as a postilion to help manage six horses, sitting on one of the first. After escaping from the count's estate with gypsies, he serves as a nanny. In captivity of the Tatars, he treats people and horses. Returning from captivity, he helps to choose horses at fairs, then works as a horseman in the service of the prince.

After the death of Grushenka, he leaves for the Caucasus under a false name, where he serves for fifteen years as a soldier and, for his courage, he is promoted to officer. Returning from the war, he gets a job at the address office as a referee. He tried to become a coachman, but they did not take him because of his officer's rank. Due to lack of money, he goes to the actors, but he is kicked out for a fight. And then he goes to the monastery.

Why Flyagin is called a wanderer

All his life Ivan wandered, he did not have a chance to lead a settled way of life, to find a family and a home.

He is an "inspired vagabond" with an infant soul, whom no one drives, he himself runs in search of happiness.

But all his wanderings were aimless, only having gone to the monastery, he becomes a pilgrim, travels on a pilgrimage to holy places.

What ridiculous things does Flyagin do?

All his actions are dictated by spiritual impulses. Without hesitation, he often does ridiculous things. That runs away with the officer with whom he first fought without giving up the child. When demons seem to him, he drops candles in the church, accidentally kills a cow while awake.

How long did Flyagin spend in captivity

Ivan falls into a long ten-year captivity to the steppe nomads-Tatars. So that he does not run away, horse bristles are sewn into his cut heels, thus making him crippled. But they call him a friend, give wives to take care of him.

But he toils that he is not married, that his children are not baptized, he is eager to return to his homeland. Having seized the moment when only old people, women and children remained on the roam, he runs away.

Is it possible to call Ivan Flyagin a righteous man

Ivan himself considers himself a terrible sinner, repents for the lives he has ruined. But the deaths that he caused were without malicious intent: the monk died by accident, due to his own negligence, the Tatar died in a fair duel, Grushenka was saved from a terrible fate at her request. Will repentance be given to the prince who crippled the lives of others, Grushenka's father who sold his daughter, to the Tatars who killed the missionaries?

Ivan is strong in his faith in moral principles, but he is not given Christian humility, it is difficult to put up with injustice. He is fascinated by life, but having resisted temptations, endured the trials of fate, he finds comfort in righteous faith and service. By expiating his sins, he becomes righteous.

Quote characteristic of Flyagin

The image of Ivan Flyagin, with apparent simplicity and uncomplicatedness, is ambiguous and complex. Leskov, learning the secrets of the Russian character, seeks the origins of holiness in the deeds of a sinner, depicts a truth seeker who has committed many unrighteous deeds, but suffering, comes to repentance and faith.

For the first time we meet the hero on a steamer sailing to Valaam. He was a Chernorian of heroic status, fifty-three years old, dark-skinned, with thick, graying hair, with a beard and mustache. After talking with fellow travelers, he told the story of his wanderings. He was a serf, his mother died, and his father served as a coachman for the master.

He spent all his childhood at the stable, learned to understand horses well. As a teenager, he is defined as a postilion, helping to manage six horses. Once, when the horses raced, he almost died saving the count's family, and as a reward he asked for an harmonica, which speaks of his disinterestedness and innocence. Somehow, Ivan whipped a monk who had dozed off in a cart and blocked the road with a whip, and he tipped over under the wheels and died. This monk dreamed of Ivan and told that he was a prayed and promised child to God, and therefore he should go to the monastery. All his life he was haunted by this prophecy.

More than once he looked into the eyes of death, but neither earth nor water took him. Many trials fell to his lot. Having escaped with the gypsies from the count's estate, he will wander for many years. He will endure a ten-year captivity with the Gentiles, after escaping he will work as a koneser for the prince, then he will leave as a recruit for the Caucasus, where he will fight for more than fifteen years, he will become an officer and a Knight of St. George. After returning, I had a chance to work as an assistant in the address office and as an actor in a booth. In the end, he goes to the monastery.

Ivan did not have a chance to lead a settled life, to find a house and a family. He is "an inspired vagabond with a baby soul". Christian humility is not inherent in him, because he cannot put up with evil and injustice, but he is a deeply religious person. But he feels that his destiny is not just faith in God, church services are boring for him, he dreams of serving with faith for the fatherland. He has an independent, honest and open nature. Ivan considers himself a terrible sinner, because he is involved in the deaths of three people, suffers and repents; although the monk died due to his negligence, the Tatar accepted death in a fair duel, and pushed Grushenka off a cliff into the river, giving her an oath that he would do this, saving her from a shameful fate. Having gone to the monastery, he wanders as a pilgrim to holy places, atoning for his sins, and becomes a righteous man.

Essay about Ivan Flyagin

“The Enchanted Wanderer” is a story by Nikolai Leskov, published by him in 1837. The main attention in the story is given to Ivan Severyanovich Flyagin, whose life is described in detail by the author. Leskov was able to present in his story a new image, which has no analogues in Russian literature.

Why did Leskov put in his hero the image of the “enchanted wanderer”? He perceives the world around him as a true miracle. As the main character, he does not have a definite dream in life, which for him is endless. This person is always moving forward along the path of life and sees the challenge of fate in each new test.

It should be noted that Leskov's character took on the appearance of the legendary Ilya Muromets. Flyagin has a gigantic stature, a swarthy face and a truly heroic physique. At first glance, he is not even fifty years old. Ivan Severyanovich does not sit in one place throughout the story. You might think that he is not inclined to trust anyone. But the main character later refutes this. And the rescue of Count K. is proof of that. That is exactly what Flyagin did with the prince and a young girl named Grusha.

You can add to the characterization of this person the fact that he is completely devoted to higher powers, for which he received his patronage from them. Flyagin is not vulnerable to death. Death overtook him many times, but he could not die. He thinks that the earth does not want to accept him for the terrible sins that he committed. The hero believes that it was his fault that there were many murders. Ivan Severyanovich has his own life morality, but he always remains honest with himself and other heroes of the story. Sometimes, he is too simple and naive, good-natured to the depths of his soul and open to everyone with his soul, but when evil comes, with which he has to deal with, he is even cruel.

The main driving force of his actions is not a small force from nature. And this makes Flyagin go to recklessness. In his youth, Ivan was not very worried, but later he realizes that he is responsible for this. The author of the work does not hesitate to mention that his character is a person with great inner and physical strength. This lies in his ability in any situation to do the right thing and the right way. Ivan Flyagin is in complete harmony with others and, like a true hero, is always ready to help.

In conclusion, we can say that all the features of the Russian national character in the image of this man are on the face. But that doesn't mean he's perfect. He is more inconsistent. Somewhere he is smart and quick-witted, but somewhere vice versa. He can do crazy things, but in the meantime he is drawn to doing good things. So, we can say with confidence: Ivan Severyanovich is the personification of a broad Russian personality, its infinity.

Details

In the story "The Enchanted Wanderer" Ivan Flyagin has a major role.

His image appears before us in the form of a strong Ilya Muromets. Even at the beginning of the story, the Author compares him with this knight. He was tall, strong build with a swarthy face.

Our main character was born in the name of the count, his father and mother were serfs and. Mom died when she gave birth to Ivan. And my father worked in a stable. The boy spent all his time with horses. And when he more or less grew up he was put to work with his dad. Once they carried the count near the temple. And one father dreamed. And Vanya hit him with a whip.

When Ivan was taking the duke to Voronezh, a large cliff appeared in front of them. . Ivan managed to slow down, and he himself fell into it. But he miraculously survived. His duke, of course, thanked him. And instead of going to the monastery, Ivan chose an accordion, which he never knew how to play.

Soon Flyagin was sent to crush the stone on the garden paths. But he was tired of everyone laughing at him and he decided to run away and hang himself. As soon as he hung in a noose, someone cut the rope. It turned out to be a gypsy, who then offered Ivan to steal. And so that he would not betray him, he ordered to steal horses from the stables of the count in whom Ivan served. Ivan did it. And when they sold these horses, he received only one ruble. In the end, he went to turn himself in to the police. This speaks of his next quality - honesty. Although he went to steal horses, he later confessed.

Soon Ivan got a job working for the master, his wife left him for the military and abandoned her infant daughter. And Flyagin nursed this girl. It speaks of his love for children.

Once Ivan with the little daughter of the master went to the shore of the bay, the girl had sore legs and the doctor said that they should be buried in a squeak. But on the shore, her mother saw the girl. She asked Ivan to give her the child, but he did not agree. Then the cavalryman-husband of this young lady appeared and wanted to pay money so that they would give the child, but he received nothing but manual work under the eye. The lancer did not raise any money, and this pleased Ivan. Flyagin at first did not want to give the child away, but when he saw the girl's mother stretching out her hands to her, he nevertheless took pity. Suddenly, a gentleman appeared on the beach with a pistol and Ivan had to leave with the cavalryman and the girl's mother.

After they arrived in the city, the lancers said that they could not keep the serfs who had fled. Gave him money and let him go. At that moment, I felt very sorry for Ivan. He had nowhere to go. He wanted to go and turn himself in to the police. But I decided to go to drink tea with bagels. Then I saw how Khan Dzhangar and the king were selling a mare, and people fought for her. After that, a cavalryman entered the battle, but Ivan went to fight instead of him. This speaks of his positive quality - courage. But the fact that he fastened the Tatar with a whip speaks of his ruthlessness. They wanted to take him to prison, but the Tatars took pity on Ivan and took him to their place.

Ivan lived with them for ten years, was a doctor, but when he wanted to run away, the Tatars caught him, cut his heels and put cut horsehair there. Initially, it was very painful for him to walk. And so Ivan lived in this horde for many years. He had two wives and many children. Once the khan ordered him to cure his wife and let Ivan into his yurt, after which he had two more wives.

Somehow the priests came to the Tatars, they wanted them to accept Christianity, but the Tatars refused. And after some time, the main character of the story found one deceased priest in the field, but he did not find the second one. The next time unknown people came to them, they were in bright clothes. These people wanted to buy horses. One evening they set off fireworks and all the horses fled, and the Tatars, in turn, ran to catch them. Ivan understood what scared the horses and Tatars, and repeated the same thing. One fine day, he found earth that corrodes the skin. And he came up with such a plan: to pretend to be sick, and when the earth corroded his feet, horse hair came out, and pus along with it. Then our hero decided to launch the last fireworks and left.

After some time, Ivan went to the Caspian Sea, and then came to Astrakhan. He made money there and drank it away. When he woke up he was in jail. From prison he was sent to his native estate. But father Ilya refused to recognize his confession, since he lived with the Tatars in sins for a very long time. The count, who began to pray to God after the death of his wife, refused to have as a servant those who did not receive communion, gave him his passport and let him go.

When he left the estate, Ivan came to the market. I saw how a gypsy was trying to sell a bad horse to a simple peasant. Since Ivan was offended by the gypsies, he helped the peasant. After that, he began to walk around the bazaars and help the peasants, advise which horses can be bought and which ones cannot. Soon he became the king of gypsies and horse traders.

Once the prince asked to tell him the secret of how he chooses horses. Ivan began to teach him, but the prince did not understand anything, then he called Ivan to work with him. And they made friends with the prince. In order not to spend extra money, Ivan left them to the prince. But somehow the prince went to the market and ordered to send a mare there, which Ivan really liked, he wanted to drink it hot, but there was no one to leave the money. Then he went to the tavern to drink tea, and saw a peasant there who drank and did not get drunk. Ivan asked then to teach him that way. Then the man ordered him to drink a glass after a glass, but before each one to make passes with his hands, and Ivan learned to drink and not get drunk and kept checking whether all the money was in his bosom. By evening, the friends quarreled.

They were kicked out of the tavern, then the beggar led Ivan to a "living place" where there were only gypsies. And now Ivan will see a gypsy who sang songs, Pear called her. Then Ivan gave her all his savings.

When he sobered up, he confessed to the prince that he had spent the entire treasury on one gypsy. After that, he fell ill with alcoholic psychosis. When Ivan recovered, he learned that the prince had spent all the money to redeem Grusha from the crowd. She fell in love with the prince very much, and he began to be burdened by her, taking advantage of her ignorance. Ivan, in turn, was very sorry for her.

Once a gypsy woman suspected that the prince had a mistress and sent Ivan to the city to find out. He went to the prince's former mistress and found out that he wanted to marry Grusha to Ivan. When Flyagin returned from the market, he saw that Pear was nowhere to be found. Then he found a gypsy on the shore, it turned out that the prince locked her in a house in the forest under the protection of the girls, and she ran away from them. She asked to kill the prince's bride, otherwise she would become "the most shameful woman." Ivan could not stand it and threw her off the cliff.

Then Ivan ran away and began to wander around the world, until Pear appeared to him and showed him the right path, on which he met two old people. These old people made Ivan new documents according to which he was Peter Serdyukov.

Then he asked me to go to the Caucasus and served there for more than fifteen years. Then he was consecrated to the officers, dismissed. In St. Petersburg, he worked as a "referencer" and earned little, since he got the letter "fita", and there were very few surnames for this letter. And he decided to leave this job. They did not take him as a coachman and he had to go to work as an actor. There he is portraying a demon.

The others asked him if the demon pretending to be a gypsy bothered him? By prayer, he coped with the demon, but small demons began to brain-peck him. Because of them, Ivan killed the monastery cow. For this and other sins he was locked in the cellar, and there he read the newspapers and began to prophesy. Then they took him to the forest and put him in a hut and shut him up there. Then a doctor was called to him and he could not understand the prophet Ivan or the bastard. And the doctor said to let him out.

On the steamer he found himself making his way to the service. At this point, the passengers did not ask him any more about anything.

The image of Ivan Flyagin in the story "The Enchanted Wanderer" was at one time honest and correct, and at another time cunning and merciless. I liked Ivan Flyagin because it seems to me that there are more good qualities in him than bad ones.

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Presentation for a literature lesson in grade 10 on the topic "Formation of the type of Russian righteous man in the tragic circumstances of life" . The presentation material can be used in a general lesson on the story N.S. Leskov "The Enchanted Wanderer" , as well as when preparing eleventh-graders for the final essay in the directions "TIME", "PATH", etc.

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Formation of the type of Russian righteous man in the tragic circumstances of life The fate of Ivan Severyanovich Flyagin in the story of N.S. Leskov "The Enchanted Wanderer"

“The righteous have not died out and will never die out. They just don’t notice them, but if you look closely, they are there” N.S. Leskov

A righteous person is a person who lives a righteous life. Righteous - pious, corresponding to the religious rule; - based on truth, fair. S.I. Ozhegov. "Dictionary of the Russian language"

The righteous led a righteous life pleasing to God. Archpriest Seraphim Slobodskoy. "Law of God"

A village is not worth without a righteous Russian proverb

According to Leskov, the righteous are “heroes of generosity”, non-possessors, lovers of truth, wise men, “the expression of all our smart and kind people”. The selfless feat of goodness and self-sacrifice is the essence of righteousness.

The theme of Leskov's story is the image of a simple Russian person, in whose image the author saw the characteristic features of the Russian nation. The idea of ​​the story is to present a positive hero - a "righteous person", as the writer himself calls him. In the story of N.S. Leskov "The Enchanted Wanderer" (1873) tells the story of the main character - Ivan Severyanovich Flyagin, whose life is a chain of incredible adventures. It is no coincidence that the first title of the story is “Black Earth Telemak”.

In the image of Flyagin, the author showed the formation of a person with a new national identity. The main character lives, as it were, in two eras. In his youth, he was a serf of Count K., and he was brought up with traits that are important for serfs: hard work, devotion to the masters. After the Manifesto on February 17, 1861, Ivan Severyanovich becomes a free man and must look for new life guidelines. As a result of his "going through the torments", he comes to the conclusion: the main thing is not devotion to the owner, but service to the people.

The most important personality traits of the hero

"... I really want to die for the people" The selflessness of the hero, his life for others

Ivan Severyanovich is not an ideal hero. At the beginning of his life's journey, he does not distinguish between good and evil (the nun does not feel guilty for the death, he regrets the pigeons, and disfigures the cat). Leskov draws not an impeccable hero, but a real, ambiguous Russian person. Flyagin goes through an immense, like the space of Russia, and a confusing life path. On this path, he saved his masters from death; and wanted to lay hands on himself because of a humiliating punishment; and cruelly flogged on the belts for the sake of the handsome stallion; and in the Tatar captivity for 10 years he languished “bristled”; and know sacrificial love; and indulged in crazy sprees; and accomplished a military feat; and served as an officer; and changed his military uniform to a cassock...

And in the end, Ivan Severyanovich finds a worthy life goal - serving people. The hero himself says this about this: “... I really want to die for the people”

“I didn’t even do a lot of my own free will,” Flyagin explains everything that happens to him with a “parental promise.” He is a “prayer son” and all his life he remembers the nun’s sign: “... you will die many times and never die until your real death comes, and then you will remember your mother’s promise for yourself and go to the blacks.” This power of the fatal beginning makes him an "enchanted wanderer."

"... Ivan Severyanov, you are an artist ... a real, high-class artist" One of the main qualities of Flyagin's character is a sense of beauty. The hero is fascinated by the beauty of the world. So in the story another meaning of the title of this book is revealed. Ivan Severyanovich keenly feels the beauty of the song (she “sometimes cries, sometimes languishes, sometimes she simply takes the soul out of the body, then suddenly she grabs it in a different way and immediately inserts her heart again”); and the beauty of the horse (“And I feel that my soul rushed ... to this horse, my dear passion”); and feminine beauty (he unrestrainedly throws money at the feet of the gypsy Grushenka and squats in front of her himself). Later, Leskov’s hero will say that for such beauty, “even joy will perish for an admiring person.”

Following the admiration of female beauty, deep and sacrificial love comes to Ivan Severyanovich. He takes upon himself the sin of Grushenka, who could not endure the betrayal of an empty man, considers it his duty "to suffer for her and rescue her from hell." The hero's discovery of beauty in a person, in a woman, is the most important milestone in his fate: from that moment on, he becomes "carefree about himself", that is, he ceases to live only for himself, subordinates his existence to the care of another person. Now Ivan Severyanovich, instead of Pyotr Serdyukov, a stranger to him, the only breadwinner of his family, goes to the soldiers, has been serving in the Caucasus for more than 15 years, performing a military feat ... Thus, the need for a higher sacrificial feat in the name of the people awakens in Leskov's hero.

“... I could not deceive the one I serve for anything” Honesty, decency, responsibility, fidelity to duty

“Russian people can handle everything” Ability for any work, strength, endurance, heroism

"... I had exits" The passionate, irrepressible nature of the hero, the release of spiritual strength in revelry, cruelty, drunkenness

Only gradually, as he moves "from one guard to another", Leskov's hero acquires a balance of immense forces, which at first he wastes. The ardor, impulsiveness, and recklessness inherent in the Russian people make the life of the hero significantly heavier. Ivan Severyanovich says about himself that "from childhood he was quick at hand." Excommunicated from the horses "by the cat's tail", he feels a sharp resentment and decides to hang himself. If the gypsies had not arrived, “I would have freely performed all this from my character,” Flyagin admits.

At the end of the story, Ivan Severyanovich Flyagin appears as a person in the strength and power of spiritual heights. He finds the meaning of life in a simple truth - to live for others. Such a person, according to Leskov, is the righteous one.