Dostoevsky crime and punishment of schismatics. Characteristics of Raskolnikov in "Crime and Punishment" - briefly

F. M. Dostoevsky lived and worked in an era when dissatisfaction with the existing order was growing in the country, and the writer in his works showed people who were trying to protest against the reigning evil. Such is Rodion Raskolnikov, the protagonist of the novel Crime and Punishment. Terrible poverty plunges Raskolnikov into despair, he is well aware that the wolf morals of the proprietary system reign around him, he is outraged to the core by the heartlessness and cruelty of the rich.

Embittered by his impotence to help people, Raskolnikov decides to commit a crime - the murder of an old pawnbroker who profits from human suffering. “Raskolnikov sees and feels for himself how people take advantage of the suffering of their neighbors, how skillfully and diligently, how carefully and safely they suck the last juices out of a poor man who is exhausted in an unbearable struggle for a miserable and stupid existence,” critic D.I. Pisarev emphasized the social meaning of Raskolnikov's behavior, the main protesting, anti-capitalist pathos of the novel. But the hero does not become a fighter for a better future. Familiar with revolutionary ideas only by hearsay, he does not believe that a just society is possible. “People will not change, and no one can remake them, and it’s not worth spending labor ... So far it has been done and so it will always be!” - Raskolnikov declares bitterly. But the strong-willed and proud hero does not want to come to terms with the cruel fate. Imagining himself an extraordinary, outstanding personality, a man who is allowed everything, even crime, Raskolnikov decides to kill and rob a rich old usurer. After long and painful hesitation, he carries out his terrible intention. The hero experiences mental anguish: he is haunted by terrible memories of shed blood, fear of exposure and punishment, and most importantly, a feeling of hopeless loneliness and the senselessness of the crime he committed.

Depicting the despair and mental anguish of his hero, Dostoevsky sought to convince readers that such a struggle against injustice not only does not improve life, but, on the contrary, makes it even darker and more terrible. Punishment begins even before the crime, the thought of which burns and torments Raskolnikov: “No, I can’t stand it, I can’t stand it! Let, even if there is no doubt in all these calculations ... ”The punishment is aggravated at the time of the crime. The hero feels that the greedy old pawnbroker is still a person, and to lower an ax on her head is unbearably scary and vile. Lizaveta is a defenseless child frightened to a stupor: “She only slightly raised her free left hand, far from her face, and slowly stretched it forward towards him, as if pushing him away.”

Punishment is not limited to a court verdict, it lies in moral torture, which is more painful for the hero of the novel than even prison and hard labor. Pangs of conscience, chilling fear that haunts Raskolnikov at every step, the consciousness of the senselessness of the perfect crime, the consciousness of one's insignificance, the inability to become a "master", the understanding of the inconsistency of one's theory - all this weighs heavily on the soul of the criminal. Raskolnikov suffers, feels fear, despair, alienation from all people. The false path chosen by the hero of the novel leads not to the exaltation of his personality, but to moral torture, to spiritual death. Having committed the murder, Raskolnikov put himself in an unnatural relationship with the people around him. He is forced to constantly, at every step, deceive himself and others, and this lie devastates the soul of the hero. By a crime, Raskolnikov cut himself off from people, but the living nature of the hero, contrary to his convictions and arguments of reason, constantly draws him to people, he seeks communication with them, tries to regain his lost spiritual ties.

The desire to fill the spiritual vacuum with something begins to take on Raskolnikov painful, perverted forms, reminiscent of a craving for self-torture. The hero is drawn to the old woman’s house, and he goes there, once again listens to how the ringing of a bell responds with a painful, but still living feeling in his withered soul, which deeply shook him at the moment of the crime. The feeling of crime gives rise to a catastrophic disproportion in the relationship of the hero with other people , this also applies to Raskolnikov’s inner world: he has a painful feeling of suspicion of himself, there is constant reflection, endless doubts, hence the hero’s strange craving for the investigator Porfiry Petrovich. In the "duel" with Raskolnikov, Tsorfiry acts as an imaginary antagonist: the dispute with the investigator is a reflection and sometimes a direct expression of Raskolnikov's dispute with himself. Raskolnikov, with a heart instinct, does not accept the idea that continues to maintain power over his mind. Raskolnikov is lost in himself, Porfiry's troublesome chatter irritates, disturbs, excites the hero, and this is enough for him "not to psychologically run away" from the investigator. Raskolnikov tries in vain to rationally control his behavior, to "calculate" himself.

The hero keeps within himself the secret of the crime and cannot save himself from lies. An hour before going to the police, Raskolnikov says to Duna: “A crime? What crime?.. I don’t think about it and don’t think about washing it off.” He tries to speak "naturally" with the investigator under conditions that exclude such naturalness, but "nature" is more cunning than calculation and betrays itself. Raskolnikov brings an inner sense of his criminality. He decides to tell Sonechka Marmeladova his terrible, painful secret. In his soul, a desire is growing to confess for not entirely clear, subconscious motives: Raskolnikov can no longer keep the painful feeling of crime in himself.

In the face of Sonya, he meets a man who awakens in himself and whom he still pursues as a weak and helpless “trembling creature”: “He suddenly raised his head and looked intently at her; but he met her restless and painfully solicitous gaze on him; there was love; his hatred vanished like a ghost. "Nature" demanded from the hero that he share with Sonechka the suffering from his crime, and not the manifestation that causes it, Raskolnikov's Christian-compassionate love calls Raskolnikov to this version of recognition.

Dostoevsky wrote that Raskolnikov, contrary to his convictions, preferred "at least to die in hard labor, but to join people again: the feeling of being open and disconnected from humanity ... tortured him." But even in hard labor, Raskolnikov did not consider himself guilty of the murder: “He strictly judged himself, and a hardened conscience did not find any particularly terrible guilt in his past, except perhaps for a mistake that could happen to anyone.” Raskolnikov was spiritually dead: "I didn't kill the old woman, I killed myself." The real meaning of the gospel story of the resurrection of Lazarus is revealed to Raskolnikov only when his own soul is resurrected to a new life, when he repents and understands that his whole life "was some kind of external, strange, as if it had not even happened to him." And it was not his life, because now he is different - renewed, able to love and open his heart to people and God.

The protagonist of the novel, Rodion Raskolnikov, is a student. He is poor, far from any ideas that tormented the youth of that time. He has a sister who works as a governess for a wealthy family. The mother, being a widow, receives a pension and does not work. The family sends all funds to Raskolnikov. But they are still missing. Raskolnikov worked as a repeater. However, classes with students did not bring either satisfaction or decent pay.

The image of Raskolnikov is the spiritual and compositional center of the novel.

Raskolnikov's character

Raskolnikov is a closed person, prone to hypochondria. The protagonist turned his isolation into a character trait that he seemed to be proud of. However, this is not quite true. He would be glad to communicate with people more, but poverty oppresses him and makes him move further and further away from friends and relatives.

At the beginning of the novel, F.M. Dostoevsky introduces Raskolnikov to the reader as follows: "By the way, he was remarkably good-looking, with beautiful dark eyes, dark Russian, taller than average, thin and slender." At the same time, the writer emphasizes that Rodion was extremely poor.

Raskolnikov has no friends, except for Razumikhin, who has a hard time enduring the nasty character of Rodion. Dostoevsky writes about his character: "Raskolnikov was not accustomed to the crowd and, as already mentioned, he fled any society, especially in recent times."

Razumikhin characterizes Raskolnikov's character in a controversial way. He says that, on the one hand, Raskolnikov is a taciturn and sometimes cruel person, on the other, a kind and generous young man. A feature of Raskolnikov's character is that he not only expresses his opinion, but also defends it.

F.M. Dostoevsky draws us a man mired in poverty: "He was so badly dressed that another, even a familiar person, would be ashamed to go out into the street in such rags during the day." Rodion Raskolnikov lives in a room that looks like a coffin: "It was a tiny cell, six paces long, which had the most miserable appearance with its yellowish, dusty and everywhere lagging behind the wall wallpaper, and so low that a slightly tall person became she was terrified, and it seemed that you were about to hit your head on the ceiling.

Such a life is one of the incentives for nurturing the idea of ​​murder. It is against the background and under the influence of egregious poverty that Raskolnikov separates himself from everyone. The surrounding world and people cease to be a true reality for him. However, the "ugly dream" that he has been nurturing for a month disgusts him. He does not believe that he can commit murder, and despises himself for being abstract and incapable of practical action. He goes to the old pawnbroker for a test - a place to inspect and try on.

Thoughts about the impending murder torment Raskolnikov's soul. She, like a bird in a cage, wants to escape and escape from black thoughts and hatred.

External action only reveals his internal struggle. He must go through a painful split, feel for himself all the "for" and "against" in order to understand himself and the moral law, inextricably linked with human essence. From the first pages of F.M. Dostoevsky sympathizes with his character.

In a dream-memory of a horse being whipped in the eyes, the truth of his personality is revealed, the truth of the earthly moral law, which he nevertheless intends to transgress, turning away from this truth.

The image of Rodion Raskolnikov is the image of a superstitious person and prone to exaggeration and paranoia.

In the novel "Crime and Punishment" F.M. Dostoevsky writes the following: "Traces of superstition remained in him for a long time later, almost indelibly. And in the whole thing he was always inclined to see some kind of strangeness, mystery, as if the presence of some special influences and coincidences."

The image of Raskolnikov is not devoid of kindness and nobility. F.M. Dostoevsky especially emphasizes them when Rodion gives money to the Marmeladov family and saves a drunk girl on the boulevard from persecution. In addition, the writer tries to justify his hero by emphasizing that one of the reasons why he kills the old pawnbroker is the desire to help his mother and sister, who decides to marry Luzhin in order to help her brother financially.

Critics about the image of Raskolnikov

According to the Russian writer and critic Sergei Askoldov, the image and name of Raskolnikov acquires a symbolic meaning: a split means a split, understood in a broad sense. Here is Raskolnikov's ethical bifurcation (murder - love for one's neighbor, crime - pangs of conscience, theory - life), and the bifurcation of direct experience and self-observation - reflection.

DI. Pisarev analyzes the socio-psychological reasons that pushed Rodion Raskolnikov to commit a crime, and explains it by the inhumanity and unnaturalness of the existing system.

In the article of the critic N. N. Strakhov "Our belles-lettres" the idea is brought to the fore that F.M. Dostoevsky brought out in the person of Rodion Raskolnikov a new image of a "nihilist", depicting "... nihilism not as a miserable and wild phenomenon, but in a tragic form, as a distortion of the soul, accompanied by cruel suffering." Strakhov saw in the image of Raskolnikov the trait of a "true Russian person" - a kind of religiosity with which he indulges in his idea, the desire to reach "to the end, to the edge of the road that his misguided mind led him to."

Despite the tragedy of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky ends Crime and Punishment with Raskolnikov's optimistic dreams of happiness. The writer gives his character a second chance to start all over again, but with a load of past mistakes. F. M. Dostoevsky emphasizes that Raskolnikov has become a wiser person.

The literary character Rodion Raskolnikov is not an easy image. Many consider him the most controversial character in Russian literature of the 19th century. What kind of hero is this, what is the essence of his spiritual throwing and what crime did he commit? Let's look into this.

Who is Rodion Raskolnikov

Before considering the image of Rodion Raskolnikov in F. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment", it is worth learning about his biography.

Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov is a 23-year-old student of the Faculty of Law at St. Petersburg University. He is handsome, smart and educated. Coming from a poor bourgeois family, Raskolnikov arrived in the northern capital of Russia at the age of 21.

Since his father died a few years earlier, and his mother and sister live very modestly, the young man had to rely only on his own strength.

Living and studying in St. Petersburg was quite expensive, and in order to earn money, the young provincial gave private lessons to noble children. However, fatigue and exhaustion of the body led to the fact that the young man became seriously ill and fell into a deep depression.

Having stopped teaching, Rodion lost his only source of income and was forced to quit his studies. Being in a difficult moral state, he planned and carried out the murder and robbery of an old money-lender. However, due to the appearance of an unwanted witness, the young man had to kill her too.

For most of the novel, Raskolnikov analyzes his act from different angles and tries to find both an excuse and a punishment for himself. At this time, he saves his sister from the marriage imposed on her and finds for her a worthy and loving spouse.

In addition, he helps the family of a prostitute named Sonya Marmeladova and falls in love with her. The girl helps the hero realize his guilt. Under her influence, Rodion surrenders to the police and goes to hard labor. The girl follows him and helps Raskolnikov find the strength for future accomplishments.

Who was the prototype of the protagonist of the novel "Crime and Punishment"

The image of Raskolnikov by F. Dostoevsky was taken from real life. So, in 1865, a certain Gerasim Chistov, in the course of a robbery, killed two female servants with an ax. It was he who became the prototype of Rodion Raskolnikov. After all, Chistov was an Old Believer, that is, a "schismatic" - hence the name of the hero of the novel.

The theory of one's own chosenness as a defensive reaction to the injustice of the world

Analyzing the image of Raskolnikov in the novel "Crime and Punishment", first of all, it is worth paying attention to how a good-natured young man from a decent family decided to become a murderer.

In those years, the work "The Life of Julius Caesar", written by Napoleon III, was popular in Russia. The author argued that people are divided into ordinary people and individuals who create history. These chosen ones can ignore the laws and go to their goal, not stopping at murders, theft and other crimes.

This book was very popular in the Russian Empire during the years when Crime and Punishment was being written, and therefore many intellectuals imagined themselves to be precisely these “chosen ones”.

So was Raskolnikov. However, his passion for the ideas of Napoleon III had a different background. As mentioned above, the hero was a provincial who had recently arrived in the capital. Judging by his good nature, which he (against his own wishes) often demonstrates in the novel (he helped Sonya with the funeral, saved an unfamiliar girl from a scoundrel), initially the young man was full of the brightest hopes and plans.

But, having lived in the capital for several years, he became convinced of the immorality and venality of its inhabitants. Being a highly moral person, Rodion Romanovich was never able to adapt to such a life. As a result, he ended up on the sidelines: sick and without money.

At this moment, the sensitive youthful soul, unable to accept the surrounding reality, began to seek consolation, which was for her the idea of ​​being chosen, expressed by Napoleon III.

On the one hand, this belief helped Raskolnikov to accept the reality around him and not go crazy. On the other hand, it became poison to his soul. After all, wanting to test himself, the hero decided to kill.

Murder as a test of oneself

Having considered the prerequisites for the commission of a crime by the protagonist of the novel, it is worth moving on to the murder itself, which became a turning point that influenced the image of Rodion Raskolnikov.

Having taken on that mission, Raskolnikov imagines that he is doing a good deed, because he saves the humiliated and offended from the pawnbroker-tormentor. However, the Higher powers show the hero all the insignificance of his act. Indeed, because of his distraction, the deranged sister of the old woman becomes a witness to the murder. And now, in order to save his skin, Rodion Raskolnikov is forced to kill her too.

As a result, instead of becoming a fighter against injustice, Raskolnikov becomes a banal coward, no better than his victim. After all, for his own benefit, he takes the life of an innocent Lizaveta.

Crime and punishment of Raskolnikov

After the perfect image of Raskolnikov in the novel, it acquires a certain duality, as if the hero is at a crossroads.

He is trying to understand whether he can continue to live with such a stain on his conscience or whether he needs to confess and atone for his guilt. Tormented by pangs of conscience, Rodion is increasingly aware that he is not like his heroes, sleeping peacefully, having sent thousands of innocent people to their deaths. After all, having killed only two women, he is not able to forgive himself for this.

Feeling guilty, he moves away from people, but at the same time he is looking for a kindred spirit. She becomes Sonya Marmeladova - a girl who went to the panel in order to save her relatives from starvation.

Rodion Raskolnikov and Sonechka Marmeladova

It is her sinfulness that becomes what attracts Raskolnikov. After all, like him, the girl has sinned and feels guilty. So, feeling ashamed of what she did, she will be able to understand him. These arguments become the reason that Rodion Raskolnikov confesses to the girl in the murder.

The image of Sonechka Marmeladova at this moment is opposed to the main character. On the one hand, she pities and understands him. But on the other hand, he calls on Rodion to confess and be punished.

Throughout the second half of the novel, and especially in the finale, there is a contrast: Raskolnikov is the image of Sonya. Having fallen in love with Rodion and forcing him to confess, the girl takes on part of his guilt. She voluntarily goes to Siberia, where her lover is exiled. And, despite his neglect, continues to take care of him. It is her selflessness that helps Raskolnikov (entangled in his philosophies and moral self-flagellation) to believe in God and find the strength to live on.

Rodion Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov: two sides of the same coin

In order to better reveal the delusion of the protagonist, Dostoevsky introduced the image of Svidrigailov into the novel Crime and Punishment. Although his ideals seem to be different from the Rodionovs, the main principle driven by him is that you can do evil if the ultimate goal is good. In the case of this character, his evil deeds are far from isolated: he was a cheater, unintentionally killed a servant and, perhaps, “helped” his wife go to the next world.

At first it seems that he is not the same as Raskolnikov. His image is the complete opposite of Rodion both in appearance (old, but well-groomed and incredibly good-looking) and in demeanor (he has the necessary connections, perfectly understands the psychology of people and knows how to achieve his own). Moreover, for a long time Svidrigailov successfully convinces both Raskolnikov and himself that he is alien to guilt, and his only weakness is his indefatigable desires. However, closer to the finale, this illusion dissipates.

Tormented by guilt for the death of the hero's wife, he is haunted by hallucinations with her image. In addition, the character not only keeps the secret of Rodion (without demanding anything in return), but also helps Sonechka with money, as if repenting that he could not accept the punishment for his misdeeds in due time.

The contrast between the love lines of Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov also looks quite interesting. So, having fallen in love with Sonya, Rodion throws some of his torment on her, telling her the truth about his crime. Their relationship can be described in Shakespeare's words: "She fell in love with me for torment, and I loved her for compassion for them."

Svidrigailov's relationship with Dunya begins on a similar note. Well versed in female psychology, the man portrays a scoundrel seeking redemption. Pitying him and dreaming of setting him on the right path, Dunya falls in love with him. But realizing that she was deceived, she hides from her lover.

During the last meeting, Arkady Ivanovich manages to get a kind of recognition of his feelings from the girl. However, realizing that, despite their mutual love, they have no future because of his past, Svidrigailov lets Dunya go, deciding to answer for his sins on his own. But, unlike Rodion, he does not really believe in redemption and the possibility of starting a new life, so he commits suicide.

What is the possible future of the characters in the novel

F. Dostoevsky left the ending of his novel open, only telling readers that the main character repented of his deed and believed in God. But has Rodion Romanovich really changed? He did not refuse his idea, being chosen for a great feat, only adapting it to the Christian faith.

Will he be strong enough to start a really new life? Indeed, in the past, this character has repeatedly demonstrated the fragility of his convictions and a tendency to succumb to difficulties. For example, with financial problems, instead of looking for ways to solve them, he abandoned his studies and stopped working. If not for Sonya, perhaps he would not have confessed, but shot himself, on brotherhood with Svidrigalov.

With such a far from optimistic future, one hope for Sonechka's love. After all, it is she who in the novel demonstrates true faith and nobility. Struggling with financial difficulties, the girl does not fall into philosophizing, but sells her honor. And becoming a prostitute, she struggles to save her soul.

Taking responsibility for a loved one, she gets a chance to start life anew - Svidrigailov provides her relatives with money, and she also provides financial assistance to the girl herself, knowing about her intention to follow Rodion to hard labor. And once in hard labor, among the dregs of society, Sonya tries her best to help each of them. In other words, this heroine does not prepare herself for some great feat for the benefit of mankind, but accomplishes it every day. Her "Love ... active is work and endurance ...", while in Rodion she is "dreamy, longs for a quick feat, quickly satisfied, and for everyone to look at him." Will Rodion learn wisdom and humility from Sonya or continue to dream of a feat? Will show time.

Artists who embodied the image of Rodion Raskolnikov on the movie screen

The novel "Crime and Punishment" is one of the most famous among the legacy of Dostoevsky.

Therefore, it has been filmed more than once, not only in Russia, but also abroad.

The most famous performers of the role of Rodion Raskolnikov are Robert Hossein, Georgy Taratorkin and Vladimir Koshevoy.

To help schoolchildren and students!

“He was so deep in himself and retired from everyone that he was afraid of even any meeting, not only a meeting with the hostess. He was crushed by poverty; but even his cramped situation had ceased to weigh him down lately. He completely stopped his urgent business and did not want to deal with it.

“By the way, he was remarkably good-looking, with beautiful dark eyes, dark blond, taller than average, thin and slender. But soon he fell, as it were, into deep thought, or rather, as if into some kind of oblivion, and went on, no longer noticing his surroundings, and not wanting to notice him either. From time to time he only muttered something to himself, from his habit of monologues, which he now admitted to himself. »

“He was so poorly dressed that another, even a familiar person, would be ashamed to go out into the street in such rags during the day. shouted to him suddenly, as he drove by: "Hey, you German hatter!" - and yelled at the top of his voice, pointing at him with his hand - the young man suddenly stopped and convulsively grabbed his hat. This hat was tall, round, Zimmermann. but all already worn out, completely red, all with holes and spots, without margins and buckled to the side in the most ugly angle. »

“He felt a terrible disorder in everything. He himself was afraid not to control himself. He tried to cling to something and think about something, about something completely foreign, but this did not succeed at all. Raskolnikov fell helplessly on the sofa, but could no longer close his eyes; he lay for half an hour in such suffering, in such an unbearable sensation of boundless horror as he had never experienced before. . »

“This minute was terribly similar, in his feeling, to the one when he stood behind the old woman, having already released the ax from the noose, and felt that “not a moment could be lost more”.

“For a long time already unfamiliar to him, a wave surged into his soul and at once softened it. He did not resist him: two tears rolled out of his eyes and hung on his eyelashes. »

“Well, you are crying and hugging me again, - well, why are you hugging me? For the fact that I myself could not bear it and came to blame another: “Suffer you too, it will be easier for me!” And can you love such a scoundrel. That's why I came here because I'm angry. coward and ... scoundrel!

“The offender firmly, accurately and clearly supported his testimony, without confusing the circumstances, without softening them in his favor, without distorting the facts, without forgetting the slightest detail. »

Raskolnikov holds himself proudly in hard labor, “assuring that all these worries about him only annoy him. The convicts did not like Raskolnikov, one was even ready to kill him. Rodion himself is also alienated from everyone. His repentance now seems to him to be a foolish game.

“He was ashamed even before Sonya, whom he tormented for this with his contemptuous and rude treatment. But he was not ashamed of his shaved head and shackles: his pride was greatly wounded; he fell ill from wounded pride. Oh, how happy he would be if he could blame himself! He would have taken everything then, even shame and disgrace. But he judged himself severely, and his hardened conscience did not find any particularly terrible guilt in his past, except perhaps for a simple mistake that could happen to anyone. He was ashamed precisely of the fact that he, Raskolnikov, died so blindly, hopelessly, deafly and stupidly, according to some kind of verdict of blind fate, and he must humble himself and submit to the “nonsense” of some verdict if he wants to reassure himself in any way. This was the only thing he admitted his crime: only that he could not bear it and made a confession. .."

“How it happened, he himself did not know, but suddenly something seemed to pick him up and, as it were, threw him at her feet. He cried and hugged her knees. Infinite happiness shone in her eyes; she understood, and for her there was no longer any doubt that he loved, infinitely loved her, and that this moment had finally come ... "

Russian and foreign literature, analysis of works, essays

Analysis of works of Russian and foreign literature, samples of school essays

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Quote of Raskolnikov from "Crime and Punishment"

Rodion Raskolnikov is a young man, a student living in St. Petersburg away from his mother and sister. He could not complete his studies due to his difficult financial situation. The description of his state of mind occupies a central place in the novel. It is not for nothing that the writer Fyodor Dostoevsky begins to describe Raskolnikov not from his external features, but by drawing a spiritual portrait:

“He was so deep in himself and retired from everyone that he was afraid of even any meeting, not only a meeting with the hostess. He was crushed by poverty; but even his cramped situation had ceased to weigh him down lately. He completely stopped his urgent business and did not want to deal with it.

Rodion is handsome and attractive to girls. However, he is immersed in himself.

“By the way, he was remarkably good-looking, with beautiful dark eyes, dark blond, taller than average, thin and slender. But soon he fell, as it were, into deep thought, or rather, as if into some kind of oblivion, and went on, no longer noticing his surroundings, and not wanting to notice him either. From time to time he only muttered something to himself, from his habit of monologues, which he now admitted to himself. »

Rodion's poverty is striking, she becomes the object of ridicule on the street:

“He was so poorly dressed that another, even a familiar person, would be ashamed to go out into the street in such rags during the day. shouted to him suddenly, as he drove by: "Hey, you German hatter!" - and yelled at the top of his voice, pointing at him with his hand - the young man suddenly stopped and convulsively grabbed his hat. This hat was tall, round, Zimmermann. but all already worn out, completely red, all with holes and spots, without margins and buckled to the side in the most ugly angle. »

Having killed an old money-lender because of money, Rodion Raskolnikov is experiencing severe stress, but not because of terrible memories or remorse. Raskolnikov is afraid of punishment. He is sometimes even ready to repent and confess to the murder, but after a minute he is wildly afraid that someone will "bite" him:

“He felt a terrible disorder in everything. He himself was afraid not to control himself. He tried to cling to something and think about something, about something completely foreign, but this did not succeed at all. Raskolnikov fell helplessly on the sofa, but could no longer close his eyes; he lay for half an hour in such suffering, in such an unbearable sensation of boundless horror as he had never experienced before. . »

Over time, Raskolnikov cannot stand it and finds a person to whom he can confess his sin, relieve his soul, speak out - Sonya Marmeladova. Before telling her this, he feels a strong emotion:

“This minute was terribly similar, in his feeling, to the one when he stood behind the old woman, having already released the ax from the noose, and felt that “not a moment could be lost more”.

Seeing Sonya's boundless love for him even after the confession, Raskolnikov feels in himself again a person worthy of warmth from others:

“For a long time already unfamiliar to him, a wave surged into his soul and at once softened it. He did not resist him: two tears rolled out of his eyes and hung on his eyelashes. »

Raskolnikov does not believe in Sonya's love for a very long time. He does not believe, and that he is worthy of any love and a better life himself:

“Well, you are crying and hugging me again, - well, why are you hugging me? For the fact that I myself could not bear it and came to blame another: “Suffer you too, it will be easier for me!” And can you love such a scoundrel. That's why I came here because I'm angry. coward and ... scoundrel!

Although Rodion managed to escape from the investigation, he himself comes to the police and confesses to the murder. Raskolnikov himself consciously chooses to atone for his guilt in hard labor, to suffer a well-deserved punishment.

“The offender firmly, accurately and clearly supported his testimony, without confusing the circumstances, without softening them in his favor, without distorting the facts, without forgetting the slightest detail. »

In hard labor Raskolnikov holds himself proudly, “Assuring that all these worries about him only annoy him. ". The convicts did not like Raskolnikov, one was even ready to kill him. Rodion himself is also alienated from everyone. His repentance now seems to him to be a foolish game.

“He was ashamed even before Sonya, whom he tormented for this with his contemptuous and rude treatment. But he was not ashamed of his shaved head and shackles: his pride was greatly wounded; he fell ill from wounded pride. Oh, how happy he would be if he could blame himself! He would have taken everything then, even shame and disgrace. But he judged himself severely, and his hardened conscience did not find any particularly terrible guilt in his past, except perhaps for a simple mistake that could happen to anyone. He was ashamed precisely of the fact that he, Raskolnikov, died so blindly, hopelessly, deafly and stupidly, according to some kind of verdict of blind fate, and he must humble himself and submit to the “nonsense” of some verdict if he wants to reassure himself in any way. This was the only thing he admitted his crime: only that he could not bear it and made a confession. .."

The light in the window suddenly sheds on this man at the end of the novel, along with a mutual feeling for Sonya Marmeladova that she went to take care of him in hard labor.

“How it happened, he himself did not know, but suddenly something seemed to pick him up and, as it were, threw him at her feet. He cried and hugged her knees. Infinite happiness shone in her eyes; she understood, and for her there was no longer any doubt that he loved, infinitely loved her, and that this moment had finally come ... "

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This article presents a quotation portrait of Raskolnikov in the novel "Crime and Punishment": a description of the hero's appearance in quotations.

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Portrait of Raskolnikov in the novel "Crime and Punishment": description of appearance in quotes

The poor student Rodion Raskolnikov is a handsome young man at the age of 23.

Raskolnikov has a pale face, beautiful dark eyes and dark blond hair. He is quite tall and slender. The young man is dressed so poorly that he looks like a ragamuffin or a chimney sweep.

The following is known about the face and figure of Raskolnikov:
". he was remarkably good-looking, with beautiful dark eyes, dark blond, taller than average, thin and slender. " » . in the subtle features of a young man. " ". Raskolnikov answered. not lowering his black inflamed eyes. " ". some kind of wild energy suddenly shone in his inflamed eyes and in his emaciated, pale yellow face. " ". Raskolnikov's pale face. " The following is known about Raskolnikov's poor clothes:
“But, my God, what a suit he has, how terribly dressed he is! In Afanasy Ivanovich's shop, Vasya, the messenger, is better dressed. " ". his suit was too bad, and, despite all the humiliation, his posture was still not according to the suit. " ". He was so badly dressed that another, even a familiar person, would be ashamed to go out into the street in such tatters during the day. " ". he turned to Raskolnikov, looking at his rags. " ". took off his wide, strong summer coat made of some thick paper material (his only outer dress). " ". since the coat was very wide, a real bag. " ". such a ragamuffin does not think to fade into the background. " ". chimney sweep " The following is known about the old hat of Rodion Raskolnikov:
". This hat was tall, round, Zimmermann's, but already worn out, completely red, full of holes and spots, without a brim, and buckled to the side in the most ugly angle. " ". this palmerston (he took from the corner Raskolnikov's mangled round hat, which, for some unknown reason, he called palmerston.). " The following is known about Raskolnikov's boots:
". Raskolnikov's old, rough, covered with dried mud, holey boot. " According to Pulcheria Alexandrovna, Raskolnikov's mother, he has a beautiful face and beautiful eyes. At the same time, she believes that Rodion is even more beautiful than her sister, the beautiful Dunya. Of course, the mother’s opinion cannot be considered completely objective, but still her assessment is also of some interest:
". And what beautiful eyes he has, and what a beautiful face. He is even better looking than Dounia... But, my God, what a suit he has, how terribly dressed he is! In Afanasy Ivanovich's shop, Vasya, the messenger, is better dressed!
It was a quotation portrait of Raskolnikov in Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment: a description of the hero's appearance in quotations.

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Quotation characteristics of the heroes of crime and punishment

The image of Luzhin The novel "Crime and Punishment" was conceived by Dostoevsky while still in hard labor. Then it was called "Drunken", but gradually the idea of ​​the novel was transformed into "a psychological report of a single crime." Dostoevsky in his novel depicts the collision of theory with the logic of life. According to the writer, a living life process, that is, the logic of life, always refutes, renders untenable any theory - both the most advanced, revolutionary, and the most criminal. So, it is impossible to make life according to theory. And therefore, the main philosophical idea of ​​the novel is revealed not in a system of logical proofs and refutations, but as a collision of a person obsessed with an extremely criminal theory with life processes that refute this theory.

The "double" of Rodion Raskolnikov is Luzhin. He is a hero who succeeds and does not constrain himself in any way. Luzhin evokes disgust and hatred of Raskolnikov, although he recognizes something in common in their life principle of calmly stepping over obstacles, and this circumstance torments the conscientious Raskolnikov even more. Luzhin is a business man with his own "economic theories". In this theory, he justifies the exploitation of man, and it is built on profit and calculation, it differs from Raskolnikov's theory in the disinterestedness of thoughts.

And although the theories of both one and the other lead to the idea that it is possible to “shed blood according to conscience”, Raskolnikov’s motives are noble, suffered through heart, he is driven not just by calculation, but by delusion, “clouding of the mind”. Luzhin is a straightforwardly primitive person. He is a reduced, almost comic double, in comparison with Svidrigailov. In the last century, the minds of many people were subject to the theory of "Napoleonism" - the ability of a strong personality to command the fate of other people. The hero of the novel, Rodion Raskolnikov, became a prisoner of this idea. The author of the work, wishing to portray the immoral idea of ​​the protagonist, shows its utopian result on the images of "twins" - Svidrigailov and Luzhin.

Raskolnikov explains the establishment of social justice by force as "blood according to conscience." The writer further developed this theory.

Svidrigailov and Luzhin exhausted the idea of ​​abandoning "principles" and "ideals" to the end. One has lost his bearings between good and evil, the other preaches personal gain - all this is the logical conclusion of Raskolnikov's thoughts. It is not for nothing that Rodion replies to Luzhin’s selfish reasoning: “Bring to the consequences what you just preached, and it turns out that people can be cut.” In his work "Crime and Punishment", Dostoevsky convinces us that the struggle between good and evil in the human soul does not always end in the victory of virtue. Through suffering, people go to transformation and purification, we see this in the images of Luzhin and especially Svidrigailov.

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The image of Raskolnikov in the novel "Crime and Punishment"

A multifaceted romance

Leafing through the first pages of the book, we begin to get acquainted with the image of Raskolnikov in Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. Telling the story of his life, the writer makes us reflect on a number of important questions. It is difficult to determine what type of novel the work of F. M. Dostoevsky belongs to. It raises problems affecting various spheres of human life: social, moral, psychological, family, moral. Rodion Raskolnikov is the center of the novel. It is with him that all the other storylines of the great work of the classic are connected.

The protagonist of the novel

Appearance

The description of Raskolnikov in the novel begins with the first chapter. We meet a young man who is in a painful condition. He is gloomy, thoughtful and withdrawn. Rodion Raskolnikov is a former university student who abandoned his studies at the Faculty of Law. Together with the author, we see the meager furnishings of the room where the young man lives: “It was a tiny cell, six paces long, which had the most miserable appearance.”

Character traits

The characterization of Raskolnikov in the novel "Crime and Punishment" is given by the author gradually. First, we get acquainted with the portrait of Raskolnikov. “By the way, he was remarkably good-looking, with beautiful dark eyes, dark-haired, taller than average, thin and slender.” Then we begin to understand his character. The young man is smart and educated, proud and independent. The humiliating financial situation in which he found himself makes him gloomy and withdrawn. He hates interacting with people. Any help from a close friend of Dmitry Razumikhin or an elderly mother seems humiliating to him.

Raskolnikov's idea

Exorbitant pride, sick pride and a beggarly state give rise to a certain idea in Raskolnikov's head. The essence of which is to divide people into two categories: ordinary and those with the right. Thinking about my great destiny, “Am I a trembling creature, or do I have a right?

Crime and Punishment of the Hero

In real life, things turn out differently. Together with the greedy pawnbroker, the wretched Lizoveta perishes, having harmed no one. The robbery failed. Raskolnikov could not bring himself to use the stolen goods. He's disgusted, sick and scared. He understands that in vain he counted on the role of Napoleon. Having crossed the moral line, depriving a person of life, the hero avoids communication with people in every possible way. Rejected and sick, he is on the verge of insanity. Raskolnikov's family, his friend Dmitry Razumikhin, are unsuccessfully trying to understand the state of the young man, to support the unfortunate. A proud young man rejects the care of loved ones and is left alone with his problem. “But why do they love me so if I'm not worth it! Oh, if I were alone and no one loved me, and I myself would not love anyone! he exclaims.

After a fatal event, the hero forces himself to communicate with strangers. He takes part in the fate of Marmeladov and his family, giving money sent by his mother for the funeral of an official. Saves a young girl from corruption. Noble impulses of the soul are quickly replaced by irritation, annoyance and loneliness. The life of the hero seemed to be divided into two parts: before the murder and after it. He does not feel like a criminal, does not realize his guilt. Most of all, he worries about the fact that he did not pass the test. Rodion is trying to confuse the investigation, to understand whether the smart and cunning investigator Porfiry Petrovich suspects him. Constant pretense, tension and lies deprive him of strength, devastate his soul. The hero feels that he is doing wrong, but does not want to admit his mistakes and delusions.

Rodion Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova

The rebirth to a new life began after Rodion Raskolnikov met Sonya Marmeladova. The eighteen-year-old girl herself was in extremely distressed condition. Shy, modest by nature, the heroine is forced to live on a yellow ticket in order to give money to her starving family. She constantly suffers insults, humiliation and fear. “She is unrequited,” the author says of her. But this weak creature has a kind heart and a deep faith in God, which helps not only to survive herself, but also to support others. Sonya's love saved Rodion from death. Her pity at first arouses protest and indignation in the proud young man. But it is Sonya who confides his secret and it is from her that he seeks sympathy and support. Exhausted by the struggle with himself, Raskolnikov, on the advice of his girlfriend, admits his guilt and goes to hard labor. He does not believe in God, does not share her beliefs. The idea that happiness and forgiveness must be suffered is incomprehensible to the hero. The patience, care and deep feeling of the girl helped Rodion Raskolnikov turn to God, repent and start living anew.

The main idea of ​​the work of F. M. Dostoevsky

A detailed description of the crime and punishment of Raskolnikov form the basis of the plot of the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky. Punishment begins immediately after the murder is committed. Painful doubts, remorse, a break with loved ones turned out to be much worse than the long years of hard labor. The writer, subjecting Raskolnikov to a deep analysis, tries to warn the reader against misconceptions and mistakes. Deep faith in God, love for one's neighbor, moral principles should become the basic rules in the life of every person.

Raskolnikov Rodion Romanovich is the main character of the novel. Romantic, proud and strong personality. Lives in St. Petersburg in a rented apartment. Extremely poor. A former law student who he left due to poverty and his theory.
The consciousness of the hero is tormented by two questions: “Is it allowed to commit a small evil for the sake of a great good, does a noble goal justify a criminal means?” and "Am I a trembling creature, or do I have a right." To resolve them, Raskolnikov kills an old pawnbroker and, by chance, her miserable pregnant sister Lizaveta.
The very thought of violence disgusts Rodion. In a dream-memory of a horse being whipped in the eyes, the true essence of the hero's personality is revealed. Man cannot transgress the moral law without spiritual suffering and death.

But Raskolnikov still commits a crime. The "idea" has penetrated into his subconscious and completely controls the hero.
After the murder, Raskolnikov experiences a deep spiritual shock. He feels alienated from all people, alone in the "icy desert". The hero has a fever, he is close to insanity and suicide. However, he helps the Marmeladov family by giving her the last money.
Sometimes it seems to the hero that he can live with a "black spot on his conscience." It awakens pride and self-confidence. With the last of his strength, he confronts investigator Porfiry Petrovich.
Gradually, the hero begins to realize the value of ordinary life: “No matter how you live, just live!” His pride is crushed, he is ready to come to terms with the fact that he is an ordinary person, with all the weaknesses and shortcomings. Raskolnikov can no longer be silent: he confesses his crime to Sonya. She advises him to publicly repent on Sennaya Square. But the hero could not pronounce "I killed" there. He goes to the police station and confesses everything. The hero is sentenced to seven years hard labor. Following Rodion, Sonya, who fell in love with him, goes to hard labor. In hard labor, Raskolnikov is ill for a long time. He painfully experiences his “ordinary”, does not want to put up with it, does not communicate with anyone. It is Sonechka's love and Raskolnikov's own love for her that resurrects him to a new life.

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