To cheer up: curious facts from the life of the great Russian artist I. I.

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (1832-1898) - Russian landscape painter, painter, draftsman and engraver-aquaphorist. Representative of the Düsseldorf art school. Academician (1865), professor (1873), head of the landscape workshop (1894-1895) of the Academy of Arts. Founding member of the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions.

Biography of Ivan Shishkin

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin is a famous Russian artist (landscape painter, painter, engraver) and academician.

Ivan was born in the city of Yelabuga in 1832 in a merchant family. The artist received his first education at the Kazan gymnasium. After studying there for four years, Shishkin entered one of the Moscow schools of painting.

After graduating from this school in 1856, he continued his education at the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. Within the walls of this institution, Shishkin received knowledge until 1865. In addition to academic drawing, the artist also honed his skills outside the Academy, in various picturesque places in the suburbs of St. Petersburg. Now Ivan Shishkin's paintings are highly valued as never before.

In 1860, Shishkin received an important award - the gold medal of the Academy. The artist goes to Munich. Then - to Zurich. Everywhere engaged in the workshops of the most famous artists of that time. For the painting "View in the vicinity of Düsseldorf" he soon received the title of academician.

In 1866 Ivan Shishkin returned to Petersburg. Shishkin, traveling around Russia, then presented his canvases at various exhibitions. He painted a lot of paintings of a pine forest, among the most famous - "Stream in the forest", "Morning in a pine forest", "Pine forest", "Fog in a pine forest", "Reserve. Pinery". The artist also showed his paintings in the Association of Traveling Exhibitions. Shishkin was a member of the circle of aquafortists. In 1873, the artist received the title of professor at the Academy of Arts, and after some time he was the head of the training workshop.

Creativity of Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin

Early work

For the early works of the master (“View on the island of Valaam”, 1858, Kyiv Museum of Russian Art; “Cutting a Forest”, 1867, Tretyakov Gallery), some fragmentation of forms is characteristic; adhering to the “stage” construction of the picture, traditional for romanticism, clearly marking out plans, he still does not achieve a convincing unity of the image.

In such paintings as “Noon. In the environs of Moscow” (1869, ibid.), this unity already appears as an obvious reality, primarily due to the subtle compositional and light-air-color coordination of the zones of heaven and earth, soil (Shishkin felt the latter especially penetratingly, in this regard, without having himself equal in Russian landscape art).

Maturity

In the 1870s Ivan Shishkin entered the time of unconditional creative maturity, which is evidenced by the paintings “Pine Forest. Mast forest in the Vyatka province "(1872) and" Rye "(1878; both - Tretyakov Gallery).

Usually avoiding the unsteady, transitional states of nature, the artist Ivan Shishkin captures its highest summer flowering, achieving an impressive tonal unity precisely due to the bright, midday, summer light that determines the entire color scale. The monumental-romantic image of Nature with a capital letter is invariably present in the paintings. New, realistic trends appear in the penetrating attention with which the signs of a particular piece of land, a corner of a forest or field, a particular tree are written out.

Ivan Shishkin is a wonderful poet not only of the soil, but also of the tree, who subtly feels the nature of each species [in his most typical notes, he usually mentions not just a “forest”, but a forest of “special trees, elms and part of oaks” (diary of 1861) or “forest spruce, pine, aspen, birch, linden” (from a letter to I.V. Volkovsky, 1888)].

Rye Pine forest Among the flat valleys

With particular desire, the artist paints the most powerful and strong breeds such as oaks and pines - in the stage of maturity, old age and, finally, death in a windfall. Classical works of Ivan Ivanovich - such as “Rye” or “Among the Flat Valley ...” (the painting is named after the song by A. F. Merzlyakov; 1883, Kyiv Museum of Russian Art), “Forest Dali” (1884, Tretyakov Gallery) - are perceived as generalized, epic images of Russia.

The artist Ivan Shishkin equally succeeds in both distant views and forest “interiors” (“Pine trees illuminated by the sun”, 1886; “Morning in a pine forest” where bears were painted by K. A. Savitsky, 1889; both are in the same place). Of independent value are his drawings and sketches, which are a detailed diary of natural life.

Interesting facts from the life of Ivan Shishkin

Shishkin and the bears

Did you know that Ivan Shishkin did not write his masterpiece dedicated to bears in the forest alone.

An interesting fact is that for the image of bears, Shishkin attracted the famous animal painter Konstantin Savitsky, who coped with the task excellently. Shishkin quite fairly appreciated the contribution of the companion, so he asked him to put his signature under the picture next to his own. In this form, the canvas “Morning in a Pine Forest” was brought to Pavel Tretyakov, who managed to buy a painting from the artist in the process of work.

Seeing the signatures, Tretyakov was indignant: they say that he ordered the painting to Shishkin, and not to a tandem of artists. Well, he ordered to wash off the second signature. So they put up a picture with the signature of one Shishkin.

Influenced by the priest

Another amazing person came from Yelabuga - Kapiton Ivanovich Nevostroev. He was a priest, served in Simbirsk. Noticing his craving for science, the rector of the Moscow Theological Academy suggested that Nevostroev move to Moscow and start describing the Slavic manuscripts stored in the synodal library. They started together, and then Kapiton Ivanovich continued alone and gave a scientific description of all historical documents.

So, it was Kapiton Ivanovich Nevostroev who had the strongest influence on Shishkin (as Elabuga residents, they also kept in touch in Moscow). He said: “The beauty that surrounds us is the beauty of the divine thought poured into nature, and the task of the artist is to convey this thought as accurately as possible on his canvas.” That is why Shishkin is so scrupulous in his landscapes. You can't confuse him with anyone.

Tell me as an artist to an artist...

- Forget the word "photographic" and never correlate it with the name of Shishkin! - Lev Mikhailovich was indignant at my question about the amazing accuracy of Shishkin's landscapes.

- A camera is a mechanical device that simply captures a forest or field at a given time in a given light. Photography is soulless. And in every stroke of the artist - the feeling that he has for the surrounding nature.

So what is the secret of the great painter? After all, looking at his “Stream in a birch forest”, we clearly hear the murmur and splash of water, and admiring the “Rye”, we literally feel the breath of the wind with our skin!

“Shishkin knew nature like no one else,” the writer shares. - He knew the life of plants very well, to some extent he was even a botanist. One day, Ivan Ivanovich came to Repin's studio and, looking at his new painting, which depicted rafting on the river, asked what kind of wood they were made of. "Who cares?!" Repin was surprised. And then Shishkin began to explain that the difference is great: if you build a raft from one tree, the logs can swell, if from another - they will go to the bottom, but from the third - you will get a good floating craft! His knowledge of nature was phenomenal!

You don't have to be hungry

"An artist must be hungry" - says a well-known aphorism.

“Indeed, the belief that an artist should be far from everything material and engage exclusively in creativity is firmly entrenched in our minds,” says Lev Anisov. - For example, Alexander Ivanov, who wrote The Appearance of Christ to the People, was so passionate about his work that he sometimes drew water from a fountain and was content with a crust of bread! But still, this condition is far from obligatory, and it certainly did not apply to Shishkin.

While creating his masterpieces, Ivan Ivanovich, nevertheless, lived a full life and did not experience great financial difficulties. He was married twice, loved and appreciated comfort. And he was loved and appreciated by beautiful women. And this despite the fact that the artist gave the impression of an extremely closed and even gloomy subject to people who did not know him well (in the school for this reason they even called him “monk”).

In fact, Shishkin was a bright, deep, versatile personality. But only in a narrow company of close people did his true essence manifest itself: the artist became himself and turned out to be talkative and playful.

Glory caught up very early

Russian - yes, however, not only Russian! - history knows many examples when great artists, writers, composers received recognition from the general public only after death. In the case of Shishkin, everything was different.

By the time he graduated from the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, Shishkin was well known abroad, and when the young artist studied in Germany, his works were already well sold and bought! There is a known case when the owner of a Munich shop, for no money, agreed to part with several drawings and etchings by Shishkin that adorned his shop. Fame and recognition came to the landscape painter very early.

Noon Artist

Shishkin is an artist of noon. Usually artists love sunsets, sunrises, storms, fogs - all these phenomena are really interesting to write. But to write noon, when the sun is at its zenith, when you do not see the shadows and everything merges, is aerobatics, the pinnacle of artistic creativity! To do this, you need to feel nature so subtly! In all of Russia, perhaps, there were five artists who could convey the beauty of the midday landscape, and Shishkin was among them.

In any hut - a reproduction of Shishkin

Living not far from the native places of the painter, we, of course, believe (or hope!) that he reflected precisely them on his canvases. However, our interlocutor was quick to disappoint. The geography of Shishkin's works is extremely wide. While studying at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, he painted Moscow landscapes - visited the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, worked a lot in the Losinoostrovsky forest, Sokolniki. Living in St. Petersburg, he traveled to Valaam, to Sestroretsk. Having become a venerable artist, he visited Belarus - he painted in Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Shishkin also worked a lot abroad.

However, in the last years of his life, Ivan Ivanovich often traveled to Yelabuga and also wrote local motifs. By the way, one of his most famous textbook landscapes - "Rye" - was painted just somewhere not far from his native places.

“He saw nature through the eyes of his people and was loved by the people,” says Lev Mikhailovich. - In any village house, in a conspicuous place, one could find a reproduction of his works “Among the Flat Valley ...”, “In the Wild North ...”, “Morning in a Pine Forest”, torn from a magazine, torn from a magazine.

Bibliography

• F. Bulgakov, “Album of Russian painting. Paintings and drawings by I. I. Sh.” (St. Petersburg, 1892);
• A. Palchikov, "List of printed sheets of I. I. Sh." (St. Petersburg, 1885)
• D. Rovinsky, “Detailed Dictionary of Russian Engravers of the 16th-19th Centuries.” (vol. II, St. Petersburg, 1885).
• I. I. Shishkin. "Correspondence. A diary. Contemporaries about the artist. L., Art, 1984. - 478 p., 20 sheets. illustration, portrait. — 50,000 copies.
• V. Manin Ivan Shishkin. Moscow: White City, 2008, p.47 ISBN 5-7793-1060-2
• I. Shuvalova. Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin. SPb.: Artists of Russia, 1993
• F. Maltseva. Masters of the Russian landscape: the second half of the 19th century. M.: Art, 1999

When writing this article, materials from such sites were used:en.wikipedia.org ,

If you find inaccuracies, or want to supplement this article, send us information to the email address [email protected] site, we, and our readers, will be very grateful to you.

In January 2012, a very significant date somehow undeservedly quietly came - the 180th anniversary of the birth of our countryman - a native of Yelabuga, a truly great painter, whose masterpieces adorn the Tretyakov Gallery and many other Russian and world museums - Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin.

He is famous, but how much, in fact, do we know about him? Anisova.

Elabuga - "God's backwater"

- In order to understand the artist, first of all, you need to turn to the study of the world that surrounded him in the first years of his life - family, nature, church, - says Lev Anisov. - Quiet, provincial town, father's house, a church that was nearby ... One Elabuga woman told me about the local beauties - "the backwater of God." More precisely, in my opinion, you can not imagine. This is what formed little Vanechka.

The Shishkins are an old merchant family. All of these were honest, skilled people: someone poured bells, someone collected watches ... Shishkin's grandfather was very fond of the old book, his father was the mayor, a well-read and enlightened man. Although he is a merchant, he is a very interesting person, unlike modern “merchants”. Merchants in the 19th century were people who always remembered that they lived in Russia and for Russia. Of course, they "thrown" an extra penny on their goods, but they did not forget to build a temple or build a water pipe for their native city.

On holidays, the Shishkins always welcomed the poor, fed and watered them, thus paying tribute to the dead, because at that time it was believed that their souls came to the house with the poor. Shishkin's father was very fond of history, often brought books on art to Vanyusha and was the first Elabuga citizen to publish a book about his native city. Of course, he made a huge impression on little Vanya with stories about Russian antiquity.

Needless to say, little Ivan fell in love with drawing very much? As a child, he was called a "mashilka", because he even managed to paint the fence of his house! Wherever Ivan Ivanovich was later - whether he studied at the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture, whether he attended the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts - he still missed his native Yelabuga and looked for places similar to his own.

Influenced by the priest

Another amazing person came from Yelabuga - Kapiton Ivanovich Nevostroev. He was a priest, served in Simbirsk. Noticing his craving for science, the rector of the Moscow Theological Academy suggested that Nevostroev move to Moscow and start describing the Slavic manuscripts stored in the synodal library. They started together, and then Kapiton Ivanovich continued alone and gave a scientific description of all historical documents.

So, it was Kapiton Ivanovich Nevostroev who had the strongest influence on Shishkin (as Elabuga residents, they also kept in touch in Moscow). He said: “The beauty that surrounds us is the beauty of the divine thought poured into nature, and the task of the artist is to convey this thought as accurately as possible on his canvas.” That is why Shishkin is so scrupulous in his landscapes. You can't confuse him with anyone.

Tell me as an artist to an artist...

- Forget the word "photographic" and never correlate it with the name of Shishkin! - Lev Mikhailovich was indignant at my question about the amazing accuracy of Shishkin's landscapes. - A camera is a mechanical device that simply captures a forest or field at a given time in a given light. Photography is soulless. And in every stroke of the artist - the feeling that he has for the surrounding nature.

So what is the secret of the great painter? After all, looking at his “Stream in a birch forest”, we clearly hear the murmur and splash of water, and admiring the “Rye”, we literally feel the breath of the wind with our skin!

“Shishkin knew nature like no one else,” the writer shares. - He knew the life of plants very well, to some extent he was even a botanist. One day, Ivan Ivanovich came to Repin's studio and, looking at his new painting, which depicted rafting on the river, asked what kind of wood they were made of. "Who cares?!" Repin was surprised. And then Shishkin began to explain that the difference is great: if you build a raft from one tree, the logs can swell, if from another - they will go to the bottom, but from the third - you will get a good floating craft! His knowledge of nature was phenomenal!

You don't have to be hungry

"An artist must be hungry" - says a well-known aphorism.

“Indeed, the belief that an artist should be far from everything material and engage exclusively in creativity is firmly entrenched in our minds,” says Lev Anisov. - For example, Alexander Ivanov, who wrote The Appearance of Christ to the People, was so passionate about his work that he sometimes drew water from a fountain and was content with a crust of bread! But still, this condition is far from obligatory, and it certainly did not apply to Shishkin.

While creating his masterpieces, Ivan Ivanovich, nevertheless, lived a full life and did not experience great financial difficulties. He was married twice, loved and appreciated comfort. And he was loved and appreciated by beautiful women. And this despite the fact that the artist gave the impression of an extremely closed and even gloomy subject to people who did not know him well (in the school for this reason they even called him “monk”).

In fact, Shishkin was a bright, deep, versatile personality. But only in a narrow company of close people did his true essence manifest itself: the artist became himself and turned out to be talkative and playful.

Glory caught up very early

Russian - yes, however, not only Russian! - history knows many examples when great artists, writers, composers received recognition from the general public only after death. In the case of Shishkin, everything was different.

By the time he graduated from the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, Shishkin was well known abroad, and when the young artist studied in Germany, his works were already well sold and bought! There is a known case when the owner of a Munich shop, for no money, agreed to part with several drawings and etchings by Shishkin that adorned his shop. Fame and recognition came to the landscape painter very early.

ARTIST OF NOON

Shishkin is an artist of noon. Usually artists love sunsets, sunrises, storms, fogs - all these phenomena are really interesting to write. But to write noon, when the sun is at its zenith, when you do not see the shadows and everything merges, is aerobatics, the pinnacle of artistic creativity! To do this, you need to feel nature so subtly! In all of Russia, perhaps, there were five artists who could convey the beauty of the midday landscape, and Shishkin was among them.

In any hut - a reproduction of Shishkin

Living not far from the native places of the painter, we, of course, believe (or hope!) that he reflected precisely them on his canvases. However, our interlocutor was quick to disappoint. The geography of Shishkin's works is extremely wide. While studying at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, he painted Moscow landscapes - visited the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, worked a lot in the Losinoostrovsky forest, Sokolniki. Living in St. Petersburg, he traveled to Valaam, to Sestroretsk. Having become a venerable artist, he visited Belarus - he painted in Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Shishkin also worked a lot abroad.

However, in the last years of his life, Ivan Ivanovich often traveled to Yelabuga and also wrote local motifs. By the way, one of his most famous textbook landscapes - "Rye" - was painted just somewhere not far from his native places.

“He saw nature through the eyes of his people and was loved by the people,” says Lev Mikhailovich. - In any village house, in a conspicuous place, one could find a reproduction of his works “Among the Flat Valley ...”, “In the Wild North ...”, “Morning in a Pine Forest”, torn from a magazine, torn from a magazine.

Who drew the Toptygins?

By the way, about "Morning ...". The history of the creation of this masterpiece is curious. The fact is that Shishkin was close friends with the artist Konstantin Savitsky, after whom he even named his son (and whom he entrusted to be the godfather of his children). Naturally, they visited each other in workshops. Once Savitsky shared an idea with Shishkin: he wanted to portray bears. This idea of ​​the landscape painter was very excited, and, pushing off from it, he, in turn, decided to paint a pristine corner of nature, where no man had set foot. Shishkin wanted to convey the symphony, the music of this forest untouched by civilization. So a wonderful, fabulous forest appeared on the canvas. The family of bears “registered” in it thanks to the brush of Savitsky.

When the painting saw the light of the day and was bought by the art collector Pyotr Tretyakov, Savitsky did not claim authorship at all, because he only helped a friend a little (then it was in the order of things: for example, the lady in Isaac Levitan's painting "Autumn Day. Sokolniki" was painted by Nikolai Chekhov, and the sky on the famous canvas of Vasily Perov "Hunters at rest" - Alexey Savrasov). Shishkin nevertheless indicated his last name. However, Tretyakov and Savitsky had friction at that time, and he said: “I only bought a painting by Shishkin - I didn’t buy Savitsky!” And so it happened that Shishkin turned out to be the sole author of, perhaps, the most famous landscape in Russia...

Hi all! Here's what I've learned. . .

185 years ago, on January 25 (13th according to the old style), the great Russian painter Ivan Shishkin was born. For his commitment to Russian nature, he was called the "forest king." What is the secret of his popularity.
January 25 in Yelabuga (Tatarstan), the homeland of the landscape painter Ivan Shishkin, celebrated the 185th anniversary of his birth on a large scale.
Descendants of the painter came to Yelabuga. According to Nadezhda Kuryleva, a specialist in genealogy of the Shishkins and a senior researcher at the Ivan Shishkin Museum, the artist’s family has 15 generations (506 names), and its history has been going on for 300 years. 80 people are our contemporaries. They live in Russia, USA, Ukraine, Serbia, Germany, France, Czech Republic, Sweden.

It is curious that many representatives of the genus are marked by a "creative gene", have shown good abilities for science, for drawing. So, the great-great-granddaughter Varvara Mezhinskaya-Antich (on the line of the artist's sister Anna) is engaged in mosaic technique, having graduated from the Academy of Arts in Belgrade. Her sister Elena Mezhinskaya-Milovanovich, a philologist and art critic, deputy director of an art gallery at the same Academy, published several research papers on the contribution of Russian artists to Serbian art. Shishkin's great-grandnephew Viktor Repin, who lives in Germany, is a designer and artist. There is enough talent in this family.

At one of the meetings of the descendants, the great-great-grandson of the artist on the line of the daughter of Lydia and her husband Boris Riedinger, Sergei Lebedev, Doctor of Economics, professor at the State Maritime Academy of St. Petersburg, visited with his son. He donated to the Shishkin Museum a copy of the portrait of the artist's granddaughter Alexandra, painted in 1918 by Ilya Repin himself. A descendant of Shishkin told the author of these lines: “The only relic of our family is the same drawing, a copy of which I brought to Yelabuga. Of course, Shishkin's originals were in the house, but during the siege of Leningrad, my grandmother exchanged them for food. And when the city was liberated, they issued a decree by which it was possible to return the forcedly sold valuables. Grandmother firmly said then: “This is out of the question! If not for Shishkin's paintings, it is not known whether we would have survived. In general, the members of our family, like everyone else, admire the canvases of the famous ancestor exclusively in museum halls ... "

There are representatives of the genus in Kazan. A well-known researcher of history and urban planning, architect Sergei Sanachin is the great-great-grandson of the artist's sister Olga Ivanovna Shishkina (Izhboldin in marriage). Sergei Pavlovich said that in the 1960s, his grandparents donated some family heirlooms to the Museum of Fine Arts - photographs, a bamboo bookcase, a cane. About the "Shishkin places" in Kazan, according to Sanachin, it is not necessary to speak. Directly related to the painter is only the building of the First Gymnasium (now the building of the KSTU-KAI named after Tupolev on Karl Marx Street), in which the artist studied from 1844 to 1848. But on the other hand, three houses were preserved, which were owned by the painter's sister Olga Ivanovna. These are beautiful wooden buildings in Shkolny Lane, including the one where the house-museum of the chemist Arbuzov is now.

It is curious that among the numerous descendants, only one bears the surname Shishkin. This is the great-great-grandson of the uncle of the artist Vasily Vasilyevich, a retired military man Alexander Vasilyevich from Lipetsk. They say that he is strikingly similar to Ivan Ivanovich.

Shishkin was a man of heroic build - tall, slender, with a broad beard and luxuriant hair, with a keen eye, broad shoulders and large palms that barely fit in his pockets. Contemporaries said about Shishkin: “Any clothes are cramped for him, his house is cramped, and the city is also cramped. Only in the forest is he free, there he is the master.

He perfectly knew the life of plants, surprised his colleagues with his knowledge, to some extent he was even a botanist. Once Shishkin wrote in his diary: “I have been writing forest, forest for more than forty years ... Why am I writing? To please someone's eye? No, not only for this. There is nothing more beautiful than forests. And the forest is life. People should remember this." He passionately loved Russian nature, and abroad he languished in soul. When in 1893 the Petersburg newspaper offered him a questionnaire, then to the question: “What is your motto?” he replied, “My motto? Be Russian. Long live Russia!"

As a child, Vanya Shishkin was called a “mash”, he painted everything, right up to the fence of his home. Unlike his father, who supported his son's desire to become an artist, his mother, the strict Daria Romanovna, was indignant: "Is my son really going to become a house painter?" It seemed to strangers that he was withdrawn and gloomy; at the school he had the nickname "monk". But in a close circle, he was a cheerful, deep person. And, they say, with a good sense of humor. Shishkin greatly valued his friendship with Ivan Kramskoy. He was also friends with Dmitri Mendeleev.

Shishkin was a workaholic: he wrote every day, strictly following the schedule. We read in his notes: “At 10.00. I make sketches on the river, at 14.00. - in the field, at 17.00 I work on the oak. Neither thunderstorm, nor wind, nor snowfall, nor heat could interfere. Forest, nature were his element, his real studio. And even when his health began to fail, his legs failed, Shishkin continued to travel to sketches in the winter. According to the memoirs of the old-timers of Yelabuga, a special person went to the forest together with the artist: he fanned the coals and put the master at the feet of the master in a special heating pad so that he would not get cold, not overcooled.

Everyone knows the painting "Morning in a Pine Forest". But not everyone knows that the cubs were painted not by Ivan Shishkin, but by his friend, artist Konstantin Savitsky. The latter looked into the workshop, looked at the new work and said - "Something is clearly missing here." So the trinity of clubfoot arose.
The statement that Shishkin was bad at animals is fundamentally wrong. According to the representative of the State Tretyakov Gallery Galina Churak, there was a period when Shishkin was extremely carried away by the “animal theme”: cows and sheep literally moved from one picture to another.

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185 years ago, on January 25 (13th according to the old style), the great Russian painter Ivan Shishkin was born in Yelabuga (Tatarstan). For his commitment to Russian nature, he was called the "forest king."

At one of the meetings of the descendants of the great artist, which take place on his birthday in Yelabuga, the great-great-grandson of the artist through the daughter of Lydia and her husband Boris Riedinger, Sergey Lebedev, doctor of economic sciences, professor at the State Maritime Academy of St. Petersburg, visited with his son.

I.N. Kramskoy. Portrait of the artist I.I. Shishkin. 1873

He donated to the Shishkin Museum a copy of the portrait of the artist's granddaughter Alexandra, painted in 1918 by Ilya Repin himself. A descendant of Shishkin told the author of these lines: “The only relic of our family is the same drawing, a copy of which I brought to Yelabuga. Of course, Shishkin's originals were in the house, but during the siege of Leningrad, my grandmother exchanged them for food. And when the city was liberated, they issued a decree by which it was possible to return the forcedly sold valuables. Grandmother firmly said then: “This is out of the question! If not for Shishkin's paintings, it is not known whether we would have survived. In general, the members of our family, like everyone else, admire the canvases of the famous ancestor exclusively in museum halls ... "

Russian hero

Shishkin was a man of heroic build - tall, slender, with a broad beard and luxuriant hair, with a keen eye, broad shoulders and large palms that barely fit in his pockets. Contemporaries said about Shishkin: “Any clothes are cramped for him, his house is cramped, and the city is also cramped. Only in the forest is he free, there he is the master.

He perfectly knew the life of plants, surprised his colleagues with his knowledge, to some extent he was even a botanist. Once Shishkin wrote in his diary: “I have been writing forest, forest for more than forty years ... Why am I writing? To please someone's eye? No, not only for this. There is nothing more beautiful than forests. And the forest is life. People should remember this." He passionately loved Russian nature, and abroad he languished in soul. When in 1893 the Petersburg newspaper offered him a questionnaire, then to the question: “What is your motto?” he replied, “My motto? Be Russian. Long live Russia!"

Mashilka Monk

As a child, Vanya Shishkin was called a “mash”, he painted everything, right up to the fence of his home. Unlike his father, who supported his son's desire to become an artist, his mother, the strict Daria Romanovna, was indignant: "Is my son really going to become a house painter?" It seemed to strangers that he was withdrawn and gloomy; at the school he had the nickname "monk". But in a close circle, he was a cheerful, deep person. And, they say, with a good sense of humor. Shishkin greatly valued his friendship with Ivan Kramskoy. He was also friends with Dmitri Mendeleev.

Hard worker

Shishkin was a workaholic: he wrote every day, strictly following the schedule. We read in his notes: “At 10.00. I make sketches on the river, at 14.00. - in the field, at 17.00 I work on the oak. Neither thunderstorm, nor wind, nor snowfall, nor heat could interfere. Forest, nature were his element, his real studio. And even when his health began to fail, his legs failed, Shishkin continued to travel to sketches in the winter. According to the memoirs of the old-timers of Yelabuga, a special person went to the forest together with the artist: he fanned the coals and put the master at the feet of the master in a special heating pad so that he would not get cold, not overcooled.

The price of talent

Success and recognition came to him early. Shishkin's works sold well: a medium-sized charcoal drawing cost 500 rubles, a painting work - one and a half to two thousand rubles. By the time he graduated from the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, Shishkin was already appreciated abroad. A case is described when the owner of a shop in Munich flatly refused to part with Shishkin's drawings and etchings, despite any promises of a huge jackpot. Shishkin's work is still valuable. In June 2016, Shishkin's landscape was sold for 1.4 million pounds at the Sotheby's Russian auction week in London. By the way, the artist created this painting “On the outskirts of a pine forest” based on the memories of his last trip with his daughter Lydia to his native Yelabuga.

Failed marriages

Shishkin was married twice, both times for love, but he did not find family happiness. He entered into his first marriage at the age of 37, his wife Evgenia (Vasilyeva) was 15 years younger. Happiness did not last long, six years later his wife died of consumption. Eugenia gave birth to a daughter, Lydia, and two sons, but the boys did not survive. Only three years later, a young talented artist Olga Lagoda appeared in Shishkin's life. They got married in 1880, the second daughter of Shishkin, Ksenia, was born. A month and a half after giving birth, Olga died. The baby's mother was replaced by his wife's sister, Victoria Ladoga. This selfless woman lived in the Shishkin family all her life, took care of both the artist's two daughters and himself. Ivan Ivanovich never had more heirs.

Dream of death

He dreamed of dying instantly and painlessly. At the age of 66, on March 20, 1898, Shishkin died at the easel, he had just begun the painting "Forest Tale". The critic wrote: "He fell like a mighty oak struck by lightning." The artist was buried at the Smolensk Orthodox cemetery in St. Petersburg, and in 1950 his ashes were transferred to the Tikhvin cemetery in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Mishki and Shishkin

Everyone knows the painting "Morning in a Pine Forest". But not everyone knows that the cubs were painted not by Ivan Shishkin, but by his friend, artist Konstantin Savitsky. The latter looked into the workshop, looked at the new work and said - "Something is clearly missing here." So the trinity of clubfoot arose.

The statement that Shishkin was bad at animals is fundamentally wrong. According to the representative of the State Tretyakov Gallery Galina Churak, there was a period when Shishkin was extremely carried away by the “animal theme”: cows and sheep literally moved from one picture to another.

Wine still life

Shishkin painted large canvases in oils, created thousands of graphic drawings and etchings. But who suspected Shishkin the watercolorist? The collections of the Russian Museum contain albums of remarkable Shishkin watercolors. We usually talk about Shishkin as an unsurpassed landscape painter. However, the artist also showed himself in the genre of still life. Usually Shishkin used kitchen utensils, vegetables, fruits and ... wine bottles in the composition (Ivan Ivanovich at one time became very addicted to strong drinks after the death of his first wife).

Harvest after destruction

There are at least a dozen Shishkin streets in Russia. In St. Petersburg, an art school is named after him. But only in Yelabuga is the world's only full-length monument to the great painter installed. The bronze monument stands on the embankment of the Toima River, not far from the memorial house-museum of Shishkin. The first of the famous paintings "Harvest" is also stored here. Ivan wrote it in his youth, even before entering the art school. For a long time, the painting was considered lost. But 40 years ago, they began to restore the Shishkin family nest (in Soviet times, the house was completely plundered, there was a communal apartment here) and the floors were opened, and a bundle was found between the ceilings. The experts confirmed the authenticity. And "Harvest" remained in the house where it was created.

By the way

In the mid-1980s, young biologists from St. Petersburg conducted an experiment with paintings by a famous painter and found out that next to Shishkin’s painting “Ship Grove”, milk remains fresh for up to three or four days. With repeated experience, it turned out that the fastest milk (in a matter of two or three hours) turned sour in front of the paintings of abstractionists and surrealists - Dali, Kandinsky, Picasso, the fastest - in front of the famous "Black Square" by Malevich. The average result was shown by paintings by Levitan, Aivazovsky. The best result was shown, in particular, by Shishkin's works "Stream in the Forest" and "Ship Grove". By the way, the author wrote sketches for these paintings in the forest, in his native Yelabuga and - from life.

From the Editor: I, the editor-in-chief of the site, can readily confirm, according to my own, subjective impression, that the brightest feeling when visiting the Tretyakov Gallery leaves the hall with the works of I. I. Shishkin.

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