Choibalsan Khorlogiin. Legendary people of Mongolia
Khorlogiin Choibalsan(Mong. Khorloogiin Choibalsan) was born on February 8, 1895 - a Mongolian political and statesman. Head of state since the 1930s until his death. Born into a poor Arat family. Since 1912, he worked in Urga as a porter, watchman, independently learned to read and write, entered the school of translators and mastered the Russian language. In 1914, he was sent to Irkutsk to continue his education, where he stayed until 1917.
The revolutionary events in Russia had a great influence on Choibalsan. In 1919, when Sukhe-Bator organized a revolutionary circle in Urga, Choibalsan later created a similar circle there. The unification of these circles in 1920 marked the beginning of the creation of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP). In the summer of 1920, he traveled to Soviet Russia as part of the first Mongolian delegation, which turned to the government of the RSFSR with a request to provide assistance to the Mongolian people in the struggle for the liberation of Mongolia from foreign invaders. Returning to Mongolia in November 1920, he took an active part in the creation of parts of the people's revolutionary army. Participated in the preparation of the 1st Congress of the Mongolian People's Party in March 1925 (since March 1925 - MPRP). He was a member of the Provisional People's Government (established in March 1921), and after the victory of the Mongolian People's Revolution, from July 1921 - a member of the People's Government.
Since 1924, he was repeatedly elected a member of the Central Committee of the MPRP, its Presidium and the Politburo. In 1921-23 he was Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Mongolian People's Army, in 1923-1924. studied at the Military Academy in Moscow, in 1924-1928. - Commander-in-Chief of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army (MNRA), in 1928-1930. - Chairman of the Presidium of the Small Khural of the MPR, in 1930 - Minister of Foreign Affairs, in 1931-1935. - Minister of Animal Husbandry and Agriculture. In 1935-1939. - First Deputy Prime Minister, since 1939 - Prime Minister of the MPR. During the joint operations of the Soviet and Mongolian troops to defeat the Japanese militarists in the area of the river. Khalkhin-Gol in 1939 and in the Manchurian operation of 1945 was the commander-in-chief of the MNRA. Choibalsan was awarded the title of Marshal (1936) and Hero of the MPR (twice), a city in the MPR was named after him. He was awarded the Orders of Sukhe-Bator, the Red Banner of War, and others. 2 Orders of Lenin and other Soviet orders.
During the life of Choibalsan and for some time after his death, there was a cult of his personality in Mongolia, similar to the personality cult of Stalin. Choibalsan is considered a man thanks to whom "Mongolia never became the 16th republic of the USSR", although he cannot be forgiven for his personal participation in the repressions. According to Mongolian historians, on the orders of the marshal, almost all the Buddhist clergy were shot in the thirties.
Died January 26, 1952. He was buried in a mausoleum in the central square of Ulaanbaatar. After the mausoleum, he was reburied at the cemetery for prominent figures of Mongolia in Altan-Ulgiy near Ulaanbaatar, in accordance with historical tradition - the body is placed in a coffin on a thick layer of salt to slow down decomposition. Later, his remains were placed in a stone urn and transferred to the tomb.
In 1956, his personality was criticized at the congress of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. At the Plenum of the Central Committee of the MPRP in December 1988, the activities of Choibalsan were condemned. However, unlike the condemnation of Stalin in the USSR, his statues were not taken down, and the administrative center of the Eastern Aimag of Mongolia still bears his name. Perhaps this was due to the fact that his successor, Yumzhagiin Tsedenbal, held the highest government positions under Choibalsan, including the General Secretary of the Central Committee.
(as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the MPR)
Qing, Setsen-khan aimag, Achit-van khoshun
Moscow
Foreign:
Biography
Early years and education
revolutionary activity
In 1919, he joined the revolutionary circle of Bodo, whose unification in 1920 with a similar circle of Sukhbaatar laid the foundation for (MPRP).
From the 1920s, he held leadership positions in the revolutionary movement.
Government career
The death of Choibalsan in 1952 was accompanied by another round of the cult of his personality - his body was placed in a mausoleum, his name was immortalized, in particular, by renaming the largest mountain in the capital of Mongolia.
In 1956, under the influence of political processes in the USSR, Choibalsan's political activities and personality cult were criticized in the report of Y. Tsedenbal at the congress of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. However, his statues were not demolished, and the administrative center of Dornod aimag still bears his name.
Choibalsan's body, which had been in the Sukhbaatar and Choibalsan Mausoleum since 1952, was reburied in 2005 at the Ulaanbaatar State Memorial Cemetery.
Choibalsan's name is also worn by the streets in the cities of Volgograd and Alma-Ata (in the last city in the spelling form "Choibolsan").
Awards and titles
MPR awards- Hero of the Mongolian People's Republic (1941, 1945)
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An excerpt characterizing Khorlogiin Choibalsan
On the right flank at Bagration at 9 o'clock the work had not yet begun. Not wanting to agree to Dolgorukov's demand to start a business and wanting to deflect responsibility from himself, Prince Bagration suggested that Dolgorukov send the commander in chief to ask about it. Bagration knew that, at a distance of almost 10 miles, separating one flank from the other, if they did not kill the one who was sent (which was very likely), and if he even found the commander-in-chief, which was very difficult, the sent one would not have time to return earlier evenings.
Bagration glanced at his retinue with his large, expressionless, sleepy eyes, and Rostov's childish face, involuntarily dying with excitement and hope, was the first to catch his eye. He sent it.
- And if I meet his majesty before the commander-in-chief, your excellency? - said Rostov, holding his hand to the visor.
“You can pass it on to His Majesty,” said Dolgorukov hastily interrupting Bagration.
Having changed from the chain, Rostov managed to sleep a few hours before morning and felt cheerful, bold, resolute, with that elasticity of movements, confidence in his happiness and in that mood in which everything seems easy, fun and possible.
All his desires were fulfilled this morning; a general battle was given, he participated in it; moreover, he was an orderly under the bravest general; moreover, he went on an assignment to Kutuzov, and perhaps to the sovereign himself. The morning was clear, the horse under it was kind. His heart was full of joy and happiness. Having received the order, he started his horse and galloped along the line. At first he rode along the line of Bagration's troops, who had not yet entered into action and stood motionless; then he drove into the space occupied by Uvarov's cavalry and here he already noticed movements and signs of preparations for the case; having passed Uvarov's cavalry, he already clearly heard the sounds of cannon and cannon fire in front of him. The shooting intensified.
In the fresh morning air there were already heard, not as before at unequal intervals, two or three shots, and then one or two cannon shots, and along the slopes of the mountains, in front of Pracen, the rifts of rifle fire were heard, interrupted by such frequent shots from guns that sometimes several cannon shots no longer separated from each other, but merged into one common roar.
One could see how the smoke of the guns seemed to be running along the slopes, chasing each other, and how the smoke of the guns swirled, blurred and merged one with the other. One could see, by the gleam of bayonets between the smoke, moving masses of infantry and narrow bands of artillery with green boxes.
Rostov, on a hillock, stopped his horse for a moment to examine what was being done; but no matter how he strained his attention, he could neither understand nor make out anything of what was being done: some people were moving there in the smoke, some canvases of troops were moving both in front and behind; but why? who? where? could not be understood. This sight and these sounds not only did not arouse in him any dull or timid feeling, but, on the contrary, gave him energy and determination.
“Well, more, give me more!” - he turned mentally to these sounds and again started galloping along the line, penetrating further and further into the area of \u200b\u200bthe troops that had already entered into action.
“I don’t know how it will be there, but everything will be fine!” thought Rostov.
Having passed some kind of Austrian troops, Rostov noticed that the next part of the line (it was the guard) had already entered into action.
"All the better! I'll take a closer look, he thought.
He went almost to the front line. Several riders galloped towards him. These were our Life Lancers, who were returning from the attack in disordered ranks. Rostov passed them, noticed involuntarily one of them in the blood and galloped on.
"I don't care about that!" he thought. Before he had gone a few hundred paces after that, to his left, across the length of the field, appeared a huge mass of cavalrymen on black horses, in shiny white uniforms, who trotted straight at him. Rostov set his horse at full gallop in order to get out of the way from these cavalrymen, and he would have left them if they were still walking at the same gait, but they kept gaining speed, so that some horses were already galloping. Rostov became more and more audible to their clatter and rattling of their weapons, and their horses, figures and even faces became more visible. These were our cavalry guards attacking the French cavalry advancing towards them.
The cavalry guards galloped, but still holding the horses. Rostov had already seen their faces and heard the command: "March, march!" uttered by an officer who released his blood horse at full swing. Rostov, fearing to be crushed or lured into an attack on the French, galloped along the front, which was the urine of his horse, and still did not have time to pass them.
The extreme cavalry guard, a huge, pockmarked man, frowned angrily when he saw Rostov in front of him, with whom he would inevitably collide. This cavalry guard would certainly have knocked down Rostov with his Bedouin (Rostov himself seemed so small and weak in comparison with these huge people and horses), if he had not guessed to wave a whip in the eyes of a cavalry guard horse. The black, heavy, five-inch horse shied away, laying its ears; but the pockmarked cavalry guard drove huge spurs into her flanks, and the horse, waving its tail and stretching out its neck, rushed even faster. As soon as the cavalry guards passed Rostov, he heard their cry: "Hurrah!" and looking around, he saw that their front ranks were mixed with strangers, probably French, cavalrymen in red epaulettes. It was impossible to see anything further, because immediately after that, cannons began to shoot from somewhere, and everything was covered with smoke.
At that moment, as the cavalry guards, passing him, disappeared into the smoke, Rostov hesitated whether to gallop after them or go where he needed to. It was that brilliant attack of the cavalry guards, which surprised the French themselves. Rostov was terrified to hear later that out of all this mass of huge handsome people, out of all these brilliant, on thousands of horses, rich young men, officers and cadets who galloped past him, only eighteen people remained after the attack.
“What should I envy, mine will not leave, and now, perhaps, I will see the sovereign!” thought Rostov and galloped on.
As he drew level with the guards infantry, he noticed that cannonballs were flying through and around her, not so much because he heard the sound of cannonballs, but because he saw anxiety on the faces of the soldiers and on the faces of the officers - an unnatural, militant solemnity.
Driving behind one of the lines of infantry guards regiments, he heard a voice calling him by name.
- Rostov!
- What? he replied, not recognizing Boris.
– What is it? hit the first line! Our regiment went on the attack! - said Boris, smiling with that happy smile that young people have when they have been in a fire for the first time.
Rostov stopped.
– That's how! - he said. - Well?
- Repulsed! - Boris said animatedly, becoming chatty. - You can imagine?
And Boris began to tell how the guards, having taken their place and seeing the troops in front of them, mistook them for the Austrians and suddenly learned from the cannonballs fired from these troops that they were in the first line, and unexpectedly had to join the case. Rostov, without listening to Boris, touched his horse.
- Where are you going? Boris asked.
- To His Majesty with a commission.
- Here he is! - said Boris, who heard that Rostov needed his highness, instead of his majesty.
And he pointed out to him the Grand Duke, who, a hundred paces from them, in a helmet and in a cavalry guard coat, with his raised shoulders and furrowed eyebrows, was shouting something to an Austrian white and pale officer.
“Why, this is the Grand Duke, and I should go to the commander-in-chief or to the sovereign,” said Rostov and touched the horse.
- Count, Count! - shouted Berg, as animated as Boris, running up from the other side, - count, I was wounded in the right hand (he said, showing his hand, covered with blood, tied with a handkerchief) and remained at the front. Count, I hold a sword in my left hand: in our breed of von Berg, Count, all were knights.
Berg said something else, but Rostov, without listening to the end, had already gone on.
Having passed the guards and an empty gap, Rostov, in order not to fall back into the first line, as he fell under the attack of the cavalry guards, rode along the line of reserves, going far around the place where the hottest shooting and cannonade were heard. Suddenly, in front of him and behind our troops, in a place where he could not in any way suspect the enemy, he heard close gunfire.
Near the border with China, on the river. Kerulen. The administrative center of the Eastern aimag. 22.5 thousand inhabitants (1975). The railway is connected to the Solovyovsk station of the Trans-Siberian railway. D. (USSR); road junction; air connection with Ulaanbaatar. Production of building materials, car repair; flour-grinding and meat combines, a wool-washing factory. In the vicinity - mining of brown coal and fluorspar (in Berge).
Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
See what "Choybalsan (a city in the Mongolian People's Republic)" is in other dictionaries:
- (February 8, 1895, Tsetsenkhan, now Eastern, aimag, ‒ January 26, 1952, Moscow, buried in Ulan Bator), Mongolian political and statesman. Born into a poor Arat family. From 1912 he worked in Urga (now Ulan Bator) as a porter, watchman, ... ...
I Choibalsan Khorlogiin (February 8, 1895, Tsetsenkhan, now Vostochny, aimag, January 26, 1952, Moscow, was buried in Ulan Bator), a Mongolian political and statesman. Born into a poor Arat family. From 1912 he worked in Urga (now the city of Ulan ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Horlogiin (8.II. 1895 26.I.1952) Mong. political and Mrs. figure. Genus. in an Arat family in the Tsetsenkhan (now Eastern) aimag. In 1912 he arrived in Urga (now Ulan Bator); worked as a porter, watchman, independently learned to read and write, entered ... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia
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- (formerly Maymachen) a city in the MPR, in the Selenginsky aimag. Over 2,000 inhabitants Located on the Chita (USSR) Choibalsan (MPR) highway near the Mongolian-Soviet state border, opposite the city of Kyakhta (USSR). Processing of livestock products ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- (Bugd Nayramdakh Mongol Ard Uls) MPR (BNMAU). I. General information Mongolian state in Central Asia. It borders on the USSR and China. The area is 1565 thousand km2. Population 1377.9 thousand people. (early 1974). The capital is Ulaanbaatar. AT … Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Khorlogiin Choibalsan
Choibalsan Khorlogiin (February 8, 1895, Tsetsenkhan aimag, - January 26, 1952, Moscow, buried in Ulan Bator), Mongolian political and statesman. Born into a poor Arat family. Since 1912 he worked in Urga as a porter, a watchman, independently learned to read and write, entered the school of translators and mastered the Russian language. In 1914, he was sent to Irkutsk to continue his education, where he stayed until 1917. The revolutionary events in Russia had a great influence on Choibalsan. In 1919 when Sukhbaatar organized a revolutionary circle in Urga, Choibalsan later created a similar circle there. The unification of these circles in 1920 marked the beginning of the creation of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP). In the summer of 1920, he traveled to Soviet Russia as part of the first Mongolian delegation, which turned to the government of the RSFSR with a request to provide assistance to the Mongolian people in the struggle for the liberation of Mongolia from foreign invaders. Returning to Mongolia in November 1920, he took an active part in the creation of parts of the people's revolutionary army. Participated in the preparation of the 1st Congress of the Mongolian People's Party in March 1921 (since March 1925 - MPRP). He was a member of the Provisional People's Government (established in March 1921), and after the victory of the Mongolian People's Revolution, from July 1921 - a member of the People's Government. From 1924 he was repeatedly elected a member of the Central Committee of the MPRP, its Presidium and the Politburo. In 1921-23 he was Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Mongolian People's Army, in 1923-24 he studied at the Military Academy in Moscow, in 1924-28 Commander-in-Chief of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army (MNRA), in 1928-30 Chairman of the Presidium of the Small Khural of the MPR, in 1930 Minister of Foreign Affairs Affairs, in 1931-35 Minister of Livestock and Agriculture. In 1935-39 he was the first deputy prime minister, since 1939 he was the prime minister of the MPR. During the joint operations of the Soviet and Mongolian troops to defeat the Japanese militarists in the area of the river. Khalkhin-Gol in 1939 and in the Manchurian operation of 1945 was the commander-in-chief of the MNRA. Choibalsan was awarded the title of Marshal (1936) and Hero of the MPR (twice), a city in the MPR was named after him. He was awarded the Orders of Sukhe-Bator, the Red Banner of War, etc.; 2 orders of Lenin and other Soviet orders.
Choivalsan (b. 1895) is a statesman and politician of the Mongolian People's Republic (MPR), the oldest member and organizer of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, an active participant in the 1921 revolution, a close associate of Sukhe Bator (...).
The son of a serf arat (shepherd), Choyvalsan graduated from school at the Russian consulate in Urga in 1913 and, as the most capable, was sent to Irkutsk to the Russian gymnasium. In 1918, Choyvalsan returned to his homeland, where he soon began a revolutionary struggle for the independence of Mongolia. The revolutionary circle created by Choivalsan in 1919, which later merged with the circle of Sukhe-Bator, became the core of the future People's Revolutionary Party.
From the very beginning of his political activity, Choivalsana was a supporter of friendship with the Soviet Republic. In the summer of 1920, Choyvalsan arrived in Soviet Russia as part of a delegation led by Sukhe Bator. Returning to Mongolia, Choyvalsan, together with Sukhe Bator, began to create partisan detachments, from which the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army then grew.
From the moment the provisional Mongolian people's revolutionary government was formed in 1921, Choyvalsan became its member and at the same time deputy commander-in-chief for political work. After the proclamation of the MPR in 1924, Choywalsan held a number of leading positions in the people's government: Chairman of the Small Khural, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of the Interior, Commander-in-Chief, etc. In 1936, Choywalsan was awarded the rank of Marshal. In 1939 he became prime minister and minister of foreign affairs.
Throughout his career, Choyvalsana pursued a policy of strengthening the independence of the MPR, as well as strengthening friendship and cooperation with the Soviet Union. The MPR, led by Choyvalsan, declared war on Japan on the 10th, 8th, 1945. The troops of the MPR, together with the Soviet Army, took part in the defeat of the Japanese armed forces. In August 1945, Choywalsan sent I. V. Stalin greeting telegram, in which he assured that "the friendship of the Mongolian and Soviet peoples will be indestructible forever." In his reply, JV Stalin wrote: "I am sure that the Soviet Union and the independent Mongolian People's Republic will continue to go hand in hand in the struggle against the enemies of our countries for the benefit of our peoples."
The nationwide plebiscite held in connection with the Soviet-Chinese treaty of 1945 (...) confirmed the indestructible desire of the people of the MPR for independence. 5. In 1946, the Chinese government recognized the independence of the MPR.
Diplomatic Dictionary. Ch. ed. A. Ya. Vyshinsky and S. A. Lozovsky. M., 1948.
CHOYBOLSAN Khorlogiin (1895-1952). One of the founders of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1921). Marshal of the MPR (1936). Prime Minister of Mongolia since 1939
In Mongolia, which in the 1930s was a satellite of the USSR, mass repressions affected every tenth inhabitant of the republic. The massacres were led by Marshal Choibolsan, for whose briefing the Deputy People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR was sent M.P. Frinovsky . 1) Of the eleven members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, ten people were killed - all except for Choibolsan (Opening new pages ... International issues: events, people. M., 1989. P. 409).
“Back in 1937, the creation of a powerful industrial base in the Urals, the Far East, Siberia, Kazakhstan and Central Asia began. Today, this fact is usually cited as proof of the foresight of the Soviet leadership, which almost foresaw a war with Germany. Meanwhile, in the late 1930s, Japan was the main foreign policy enemy of the USSR. In the summer of 1937, she began to take over China. In July, the Japanese occupied Beijing, in November - Shanghai, in December - Nanjing. By October 1938, they had occupied the main industrial centers and the most important railway lines of China, which was a serious foreign policy defeat for the Soviet government, which was trying to gain a foothold there. The Soviet Union, for its part, occupied Mongolia in September 1937. A confrontation between the two armies began, which at least twice led to local conflicts: at the end of June 1938 - in the area of Lake Khasan, where the fighting continued until August 9, and in May 1939 - on the Khalkhin Gol River in Mongolia, where the conflict was settled on 16 September 1939 only through German mediation shortly after the signing of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact. Thus, the creation of a second industrial base in the east of the Soviet Union was caused solely by the desire to provide an economic base close to the potential front ”(Past. Issue 7. M., 1992. P. 254).
Choibolsan was commander-in-chief of the Mongolian army during the joint operations of the Soviet and Mongolian troops to defeat the Japanese militarists in 1939 in the area of the Khalkhin-Gol River and in 1945 in Manchuria and Inner Mongolia. I. Bunich writes: “... the events at Khalkhin Gol, where two Soviet armies and all the armed forces of the so-called Mongolian People's Republic were involved against two Japanese divisions, showed the low combat training of the Red Army at all levels, the disgusting work of headquarters, the most primitive communication, the almost complete absence of vehicles ... ”(Bunich I. Operation“ Thunderstorm ”, or Error in the third sign. St. Petersburg, 1994. P. 39).
Materials of the book were used: Torchinov V.A., Leontyuk A.M. around Stalin. Historical and biographical reference book. St. Petersburg, 2000.
Notes:
1) M.P. Frinovsky (1898-1940) - commander of the 1st rank (1938), one of the leaders of the state security agencies. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, three Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of the Red Star, the medal "XX Years of the Red Army". Repressed; shot in February 1940
Choibalsan Khorlogiin (February 8, 1895, Tsetsenkhan, now Eastern, aimag, - January 26.) 1952, Moscow, buried in Ulan Bator), Mongolian politician, state. and military activist, colleague of Sukhbaatar, Marshal Mong. Nar. Republic (1936), twice Hero of the MPR (1941 and 1945). In 1923-24 he studied at the Military. academy in Moscow. Since 1912 he worked in Urga (now Ulaanbaatar) as a porter, watchman, independently learned to read and write, entered the school of translators and mastered Russian. language. In 1914, to continue his education, he was sent to Irkutsk, where he stayed until 1917.
The revolutionary events in Russia had an influence on Ch. Upon his return to Mongolia, he immediately joined the ranks of the fighters for the country's independence. In 1919 he created a revolutionary in Urga. circle, which in 1920 merged with a similar circle of Sukhe-Bator, created by several. before. The union of these circles marked the beginning of the creation of Mong. people's revolutionary party (MPRP). In the summer of 1920 Ch. visited the Sov. Russia as part of the first mong. delegations, which turned to the pr-vu of the RSFSR with a request for assistance to the Mong. to the people in the struggle for the liberation of the country from foreign invaders; then in Irkutsk he studied the combat experience of the Sov. Armies and the experience of building Sov. state-va. Returning in Nov. 1920 to his place in Mongolia, Ch. actively engaged in the formation of partisans. detachments and the creation of parts of the People's Revolutionary. army, participated in the defeat of the whale. militarists and in joint with the troops of the Soviet. Army battles to destroy the White Guard. bands of Baron Ungern. Together with other leading figures, Ch. led the preparations for the First Congress of Mong. nar. party, which took place in March 1921 (from March 1925 - Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, MPRP). He was a member of the Provisional Office created in March 1921. nar. pr-va, and after the victory of Mong. nar. revolution, since July 1921 - in the Nar. pr-va. In 1921-23 he was deputy. commanders-in-chief Mong. nar. army. Since 1924 he was repeatedly elected a member. Central Committee of the MPRP, its Presidium and the Politburo. In 1924-28 he was commander-in-chief of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army (now the Mongolian People's Army). While at the atom post, he did a great job of implementing the tasks of the party and the pr-va in the field of reorganization of the armament. forces of the MPR and strengthening the country's defense capability. In 1928-30 before. Presidium of the Small Khural of the MPR, in 1930 the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Affairs, in 1931-35 Minister of Animal Husbandry and Agriculture, in 1935-39 First Deputy. prime minister, since 1939 prime minister of the MPR. During the joint military operations of owls. and mong. troops to defeat the Japanese militarists in the district of the river. Khalkhin-Gol in 1939 and the Kwantung Army in the Manchurian operation of 1945, Ch. was the commander-in-chief of the MNRA. During the years of the Great Fatherland, the war was the initiator of the provision of comprehensive assistance to the owls. people in their struggle against German-Fash. invaders. Ch., together with Sukhe-Bator, laid the foundations of the Mong friendship. and owls. peoples and was a tireless fighter for its strengthening. He was awarded the orders of the Mongolian People's Republic, as well as the Soviet ones: 2 orders of Lenin, orders of the Red Banner, Orders of Suvorov 1st degree. A city in the Mongolian People's Republic was named after Ch.
Materials of the Soviet military encyclopedia are used.
Read further:
Stalin I.V. Letter to Choibalsan, August 29, 1945.
Compositions:
Selected articles and speeches. Per. from the Mongolian M., 1961;
Brief outline of the history of the Mongolian people's revolution. [Trans. from Mongolian]. M., 1952; Khatan-Bator Maksarzhav. Per. from the Mongolian M., 1965.
Literature:
Tsedenbal Yu. About the life and work of Marshal Choibalsan. Per. from the Mongolian M., 1952;
History of the Mongolian People's Republic. Ed. 2nd. M. 1967.
THE LEGENDARY PEOPLE OF MONGOLIA
CHOYBALSAN Khorlogiin
(1895-1952)
Choibalsan Khorlogiin was born on February 8, 1895 in the Eastern (Dornod) aimag of Mongolia. One of the founders of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1921). Communist leader of Mongolia since the 1930s until his death. During the life of Choibalsan and for some time after his death, there was a cult of his personality in Mongolia, similar to the personality cult of Stalin.
He held the positions of head of state (Chairman of the Presidium of the State Small Khural, 1929-1930), head of government (Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars and Chairman of the Council of Ministers, 1939-1952).
It is said that when the latter died, Moscow offered the Mongols to mummify his body, but they politely refused. Whether such negotiations actually took place is unknown, but Choibolsan, like Sukhe-Bator, who died in 1923, was originally buried in the cemetery for prominent figures of Mongolia in the town of Altan-Ulgiy, not far from the capital. The burial was carried out in accordance with historical tradition - the body is placed in a coffin on a thick layer of salt to slow down the decay process.
Before the opening of the mausoleum, which took place July 8, 1954, the remains of the two leaders were placed in stone urns and transferred to the tomb. Its interior interiors looked austere: in the dark red room there are white marble busts of Sukhe-Bator and Choibolsan, and in front of them are stone tombstones with old Mongolian script.
The opening of the mausoleum, despite the mournful nature of the ceremony, was celebrated as a national celebration. After the laying of wreaths, salute was given in 21 volleys. In the future, during the festivities on Sukhe-Bator Square, the leaders of the party and the state rose to the podium of the mausoleum, according to the Soviet tradition, and after the end of the celebrations, the mausoleum was opened to the public.
Currently, the mausoleum has been removed from the central square. The ashes of X. Choibalsan and D. Sukhebator rest in the mausoleum at the state cemetery Altan Ulgiy (memorial cemetery). The building of the Mongolian parliament, after repair, acquired a more majestic and solemn look.
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