Arias, romances, songs - Fedor Chaliapin - notes. In which operas did Chaliapin perform the main parts? "Pskovite" (Ivan the Terrible), "Life for the Tsar" (Ivan Susanin), "Mozart and Salieri" (Salieri) Works that were included in Chaliapin's repertoire

Chaliapin's throat In the Botkin hospital in Moscow, I somehow had to lie in the same room with a wonderful actor and a wonderful person - People's Artist of the USSR Alexander Alekseevich Ostuzhev. If you haven't seen him on stage, you probably

Repertoire E. V. Obraztsova OPERA PARTS 1963. Marina "Boris Godunov" by M. P. Mussorgsky. Big theater. December 17, 1964. Milovzor "The Queen of Spades" by P. I. Tchaikovsky. Big theater. March 12. Polina "The Queen of Spades" by P. I. Tchaikovsky. Big theater. March 12. Maid "War and Peace"

Elena Obraztsova's repertoire Opera parts Marina Mnishek - Boris Godunov by M. P. Mussorgsky, Moscow, Bolshoi Theater 1963. Polina, Milovzor, ​​Governess - The Queen of Spades, P. I. Tchaikovsky, Moscow, Bolshoi Theater 1964. Maid, Princess Marya - "War and Peace"

Concert repertoire

Born in the family of a peasant Ivan Yakovlevich from the village of Syrtsovo, who served in the Zemstvo council, and Evdokia Mikhailovna from the village of Dudinskaya, Vyatka province.

At first, little Fyodor, trying to put "to the point", was given as an apprentice to the shoemaker N.A. Tonkov, then V.A. Andreev, then to a turner, later to a carpenter.

In early childhood, he developed a beautiful treble voice and often sang with his mother. At the age of 9, he began to sing in the church choir, where he was brought by the regent Shcherbitsky, their neighbor, and began to earn money from weddings and funerals. The father bought a violin for his son at the flea market and Fedor tried to play it.

Later, Fedor entered the 6th city four-year school, where there was a wonderful teacher N.V. Bashmakov, which he graduated with a commendable diploma.

In 1883, Fyodor Chaliapin first got into the theater and then sought to watch all the performances.

From the age of 12, he began to participate in the performances of a touring troupe as an extra.

In 1889 he entered the drama troupe of V.B. Serebryakova as an extra.

On March 29, 1890, Fyodor Chaliapin made his debut with the part of Zaretsky in P.I. Tchaikovsky "Eugene Onegin", staged by the Kazan Society of Performing Art Lovers. Soon he moved from Kazan to Ufa, where he performed in the choir of the troupe S.Ya. Semenov-Samarsky.

In 1893, Fedor Chaliapin moved to Moscow, and in 1894 to St. Petersburg, where he began to sing in the country garden "Arcadia", in the theater of V.A. Panaev and in the troupe of V.I. Zazulin.

In 1895, the directorate of the St. Petersburg Opera Houses accepted him into the troupe of the Mariinsky Theater, where he sang the parts of Mephistopheles in Faust by Charles Gounod and Ruslan in Ruslan and Lyudmila by M.I. Glinka.

In 1896, S.I. Mamontov invited Fyodor Chaliapin to sing in his Moscow private opera and move to Moscow.

In 1899, Fyodor Chaliapin became the leading soloist of the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow and, while touring, performed at the Mariinsky Theater with great success.

In 1901, Fyodor Chaliapin gave 10 triumphal performances at La Scala in Milan in Italy and went on a concert tour of Europe.

Since 1914, he began to perform in the private opera companies of S.I. Zimin in Moscow and A.R. Aksarina in Petrograd.

In 1915, Fyodor Chaliapin played the role of Ivan the Terrible in the film drama "Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible" based on L. May's drama "The Maid of Pskov".

In 1917, Fyodor Chaliapin acted as a director, staging D. Verdi's opera Don Carlos at the Bolshoi Theater.

After 1917 he was appointed artistic director of the Mariinsky Theatre.

In 1918, Fyodor Chaliapin was awarded the title of People's Artist of the Republic, but in 1922 he went on tour to Europe and stayed there, continuing to perform successfully in America and Europe.

In 1927, Fyodor Chaliapin donated money to a priest in Paris for the children of Russian émigrés, which was presented as assistance to the "White Guards in the fight against Soviet power" on May 31, 1927 in the magazine "Vserabis" by S. Simon. And on August 24, 1927, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, by a decree, deprived him of the title of People's Artist and forbade him to return to the USSR. This decision was canceled by the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR on June 10, 1991 "as unfounded."

In 1932, he starred in the film "The Adventures of Don Quixote" by G. Pabst based on the novel by Cervantes.

In 1932-1936 Fyodor Chaliapin went on tour to the Far East. In China, Japan, Manchuria, he gave 57 concerts.

In 1937 he was diagnosed with leukemia.

On April 12, 1938, Fedor died and was buried in the Batignolles cemetery in Pargie, France. In 1984, his ashes were transferred to Russia and on October 29, 1984, they were reburied at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.

Coming from a peasant family, Fyodor Chaliapin performed at the most prestigious theaters in the world - the Bolshoi, Mariinsky, Metropolitan Opera. Among the admirers of his talent were composers Sergei Prokofiev and Anton Rubinstein, actor Charlie Chaplin and the future English King Edward VI. Critic Vladimir Stasov called him a "great artist", and Maxim Gorky - a separate "epoch of Russian art"

From the church choir to the Mariinsky Theater

“If everyone knew what kind of fire smolders in me and goes out like a candle…”- Fyodor Chaliapin said to his friends, convincing them that he was born to be a sculptor. Being already a famous opera performer, Fyodor Ivanovich drew a lot, painted, and sculpted.

The talent of the painter manifested itself even on stage. Chaliapin was a "make-up virtuoso" and created stage portraits, adding a bright picture to the powerful sound of the bass.

The singer seemed to sculpt his face, contemporaries compared his manner of applying makeup with the canvases of Korovin and Vrubel. For example, the image of Boris Godunov changed from picture to picture, wrinkles and gray hair appeared. Chaliapin-Mephistopheles in Milan caused a real sensation. Fedor Ivanovich was one of the first to make up not only his face, but also his hands and even his body.

“When I went on stage dressed in my costume and made up, it caused a real sensation, very flattering for me. Artists, choristers, even workers surrounded me, gasping and admiring, like children, touching with their fingers, feeling, and when they saw that my muscles were painted on, they were completely delighted.

Fyodor Chaliapin

And yet, the talent of the sculptor, like the talent of the artist, served only as a frame for an amazing voice. Chaliapin sang from childhood - a beautiful treble. A native of a peasant family, back in his native Kazan, he studied in the church choir and performed at village holidays. At the age of 10, Fedya first visited the theater and dreamed of music. He comprehended the art of shoemaking, turning, carpentry, bookbinding, but only the art of opera attracted him. Although from the age of 14 Chaliapin worked as a clerk in the zemstvo administration of the Kazan district, he devoted all his free time to the theater, going on stage as extras.

Passion for music led Fyodor Chaliapin with nomadic troupes around the country: the Volga region, the Caucasus, Central Asia. He worked as a loader, hooker, starved, but waited for his finest hour. On the eve of the performance, one of the baritones fell ill, and the role of Stolnik in Moniuszko's opera "Pebbles" went to chorister Chaliapin. Although the debutant sat by the chair during the performance, the entrepreneur Semyonov-Samarsky was touched by the performance itself. New parties appeared and confidence in the theatrical future grew stronger.

“I still think superstitiously: a good sign for a beginner in the first performance on stage in front of an audience is to sit by the chair. Throughout my subsequent career, however, I vigilantly watched the chair and was afraid not only to sit by, but also to sit in the chair of another., - Fedor Ivanovich later said.

At 22, Fyodor Chaliapin made his debut at the Mariinsky Theatre, singing Mephistopheles in Gounod's Faust. A year later, Savva Mamontov invited the young singer to the Moscow Private Opera. “From Mamontov I received the repertoire that gave me the opportunity to develop all the main features of my artistic nature, my temperament” Chaliapin said. The young summer bass gathered a full house with his performance. Ivan the Terrible in Rimsky-Korsakov's The Maid of Pskov, Dosifei in Khovanshchina and Godunov in Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov. "One great artist has become more"- wrote music critic Vladimir Stasov about Chaliapin.

Fyodor Chaliapin in the title role in a production of Modest Mussorgsky's opera Boris Godunov. Photo: chtoby-pomnili.com

Fyodor Chaliapin as Ivan the Terrible in a production of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's opera The Maid of Pskov. 1898 Photo: chrono.ru

Fyodor Chaliapin as Prince Galitsky in the production of Alexander Borodin's opera "Prince Igor". Photo: chrono.ru

"Tsar Bass" Fyodor Chaliapin

The world of art seemed to be just waiting for a young talent. Chaliapin communicated with the best painters of that time: Vasily Polenov and the Vasnetsov brothers, Isaac Levitan, Valentin Serov, Konstantin Korovin and Mikhail Vrubel. Artists created amazing scenery that emphasized vivid stage images. At the same time, the singer became close to Sergei Rachmaninoff. The composer dedicated to Fyodor Chaliapin the romances “You knew him” based on the verses by Fyodor Tyutchev and “Fate” based on the poem by Alexei Apukhtin.

Chaliapin is a whole era of Russian art and since 1899 the leading soloist of the two main theaters of the country - the Bolshoi and the Mariinsky. The success is so grandiose that contemporaries joked: “There are three miracles in Moscow: the Tsar Bell, the Tsar Cannon and the Tsar Bass - Fedor Chaliapin”. Chaliapin's high bass was known and loved in Italy, France, Germany, America, Great Britain. Opera arias, chamber works, and romances evoked an enthusiastic reception from the public. Wherever Fedor Ivanovich sang, crowds of fans and listeners gathered around. Even while relaxing in the country.

Stopped the triumphal tour of the First World War. The singer at his own expense organized the work of two infirmaries for the wounded. After the 1917 revolution, Fyodor Chaliapin lived in St. Petersburg and was artistic director of the Mariinsky Theatre. A year later, Tsar Bass was the first of the artists to receive the title of People's Artist of the Republic, which he lost when he went into exile.

In 1922, the artist did not return from a tour of the United States, although he believed that he was leaving Russia only for a while. Having traveled all over the world with concerts, the singer performed a lot at the Russian Opera and created a whole “romance theater”. Chaliapin's repertoire included about 400 works.

“I love gramophone records. I am excited and creatively excited by the idea that the microphone symbolizes not some particular audience, but millions of listeners., - the singer said and recorded about 300 arias, songs and romances. Leaving a rich legacy, Fyodor Chaliapin did not return to his homeland. But until the end of his life he did not take foreign citizenship. In 1938, Fyodor Ivanovich died in Paris, and half a century later, his son Fyodor obtained permission to rebury his father's ashes at the Novodevichy cemetery. At the end of the 20th century, the title of People's Artist was returned to the great Russian opera singer.

“Chaliapin’s innovation in the field of dramatic truth in opera art had a strong impact on the Italian theater... The dramatic art of the great Russian artist left a deep and lasting mark not only in the performance of Russian operas by Italian singers, but in general on the entire style of their vocal and stage interpretation , including works by Verdi ... "

Gianandrea Gavazzeni, conductor and composer

Fedor Ivanovich Chaliapin was born on February 1 (13), 1873, in Kazan. As a child, Fedor sang in the church choir. Before entering school, he studied shoemaking under N. A. Tonkov and V. A. Andreev. Primary education was received by him in a private school Vedernikova. Then he entered the Kazan parochial school.

Education at the school ended in 1885. In the autumn of the same year, he entered the vocational school in Arsk.

The beginning of the creative path

In 1889, Chaliapin became a member of the drama troupe of V. B. Serebryakov. In the spring of 1890, the artist's first solo performance took place. Chaliapin performed with the part of Zaretsky in the opera by P. I. Tchaikovsky, “Eugene Onegin”.

In the autumn of the same year, Fedor Ivanovich moved to Ufa and entered the choir of the operetta troupe of S. Ya. Semenov-Samarsky. In S. Monyushko's opera "Pebbles", 17-year-old Chaliapin replaced the ill artist. This debut brought him fame in a narrow circle.

In 1893, Chaliapin became a member of the troupe of G. I. Derkach and moved to Tiflis. There he met the opera singer D. Usatov. On the advice of a senior comrade, Chaliapin seriously took up his voice. It was in Tiflis that Chaliapin performed his first bass parts.

In 1893 Chaliapin moved to Moscow. A year later, he moved to St. Petersburg and joined the opera troupe of M. V. Lentovsky. In the winter of 1894-1895. joined the troupe of IP Zazulin.

In 1895, Chaliapin was invited to the St. Petersburg Opera Company. On the stage of the Mariinsky Theater Chaliapin performed the roles of Mephistopheles and Ruslan.

Creative takeoff

Studying a brief biography of Chaliapin Fedor Ivanovich, you should know that in 1899 he first appeared on the stage of the Bolshoi Theater. In 1901, the artist performed the role of Mephistopheles at the La Scala theater in Milan. His performance was very popular with European audiences and critics.

During the revolution, the artist performed with folk songs, and donated the fees to the workers. In 1907-1908. started his tour of the United States of America and Argentina.

In 1915, Chaliapin made his film debut, playing the title role in the film Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible.

In 1918 Chaliapin headed the former Mariinsky Theatre. In the same year he was awarded the title of People's Artist of the Republic.

Abroad

In July 1922, Chaliapin went on tour to the United States. In itself, this fact deeply agitated the new government. And when in 1927 the artist donated his fee to the children of political emigrants, this was regarded as a betrayal of Soviet ideals.

Against this background, in 1927 Fyodor Ivanovich was deprived of the title of People's Artist and forbidden to return to his homeland. All charges against the great artist were dropped only in 1991.

In 1932, the artist played the title role in the film The Adventures of Don Quixote.

last years of life

In 1937, F. I. Chaliapin was diagnosed with leukemia. The great artist passed away a year later, on April 12, 1938. In 1984, thanks to Baron E. A. von Falz-Fein, Chaliapin's ashes were delivered to Russia.

The reburial ceremony of the outstanding singer took place on October 29, 1984, at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Other biography options

• In the life of F. I. Chaliapin there were many interesting, funny facts. In his youth, he auditioned for the same choir along with M. Gorky. The leaders of the choir “rejected” Chaliapin due to the mutation of his voice, preferring him to an impudent competitor. Chaliapin retained his resentment against a much less gifted, in his opinion, competitor for the rest of his life.
• Having met M. Gorky, he told him this story. The surprised writer, laughing merrily, admitted that it was he who was a competitor in the choir, who was soon expelled due to lack of voice.
• The stage debut of the young Chaliapin was quite original. At that time he was the main extra, and at the premiere of the play he acted in the silent role of the cardinal. The whole role consisted in a majestic procession across the stage. The retinue of the cardinal was played by junior extras who were very worried. While rehearsing, Chaliapin ordered them on stage to do everything exactly as he did.
• Having stepped onto the stage, Fedor Ivanovich got entangled in his robes and fell. Thinking that it was necessary, the retinue did the same. This “heap of small” crawled across the stage, making the tragic scene incredibly funny. For this, the enraged director lowered Chaliapin down the stairs.