Arguments of disinterested help Matteo. Arguments for the Problem of Gratitude from Fiction and Cinematography

In procreation, if you don’t rely on children in the future

When a person asks such a question, there is a particle of disinterestedness inside him))) It is commendable.)) But it can be expressed in different ways.))

You are right, there are no selfless acts. Everyone gets some benefit from it. In the TV series "Friends" an entire episode was devoted to this issue.

So I disinterestedly gave my grandmother 10 rubles in the market. because she thought she needed them more. What is my self-interest, I will never see her again. If only in the needs of my conscience to do good

I won't, because I agree with you. We are all selfish, looking for self-interest, both material and moral.)

In the service of my friends - officers of the fleet. I don’t know how many, but those people I’m talking about serve our common, alas, ungrateful Motherland (each of them has different talents and education).

yes no happens and very often charity is anonymous. .mother's love is disinterested (a glass of water)... .But at the same time, it is a well-known fact that people are driven by vanity and a thirst for money, or the fear of losing them.

What does it mean to be a selfless person?

Selflessness is one of the best moral qualities. A selfless person does everything for others and does not require a reward for this work. It seems to me that in our world today, where money reigns, it is very difficult to find such a person who is ready to help at any moment and do something good and useful for free. Now almost everyone is concerned about material wealth and no one wants to spend mental and physical strength on something that will not bring them profit.

Did you like your school essay? And here's more:

© Sochinyashka.Ru: What does it mean to be a selfless person?

An example of selflessness in life

Selflessness is the ability of a person to perform actions that bring benefits (material or psychological) to others, without expecting mutual gratitude, compensation or other benefits from what is done. Unselfishness as a quality of a personality puts the personality itself among the very last points of the priority scale, being anti-striving, anti-possession, anti-measurement. In disinterestedness, there is no expectation of benefits and calculation of the resources spent (neither money spent, nor sleepless nights are important).

What is selflessness

The manifestation of selflessness is compared with the manifestation of inner freedom in the maximum version, where actions are performed not for the sake of mercantile prudence and not for the sake of a great good idea, but are simply performed in the present (without authorities, looking to the future and prerequisites, but guided by the desire to improve the lives of others).

Selflessness as a quality of a person reflects the highest value motives, not obeying external or social principles, since any concept requires the expectation of a certain outcome and divides the world according to the worthiness of actions, and in selfless manifestations there is no scale for assessing the consequences for oneself. There is only an estimate of how the world, well-being or mood of another can be improved at this moment, even if gratitude comes from outside or personal losses follow for the good brought.

Selflessness, being an intrapersonal quality, has its external manifestation and realization in an effective sphere, where, being kind to others, there is no expectation of personal bonuses and benefits in return. Unselfishness is alien not only to the desire for tangible benefits, but also to the desire for self-promotion or building a certain image with the help of actions. The actions performed must be evaluated as if no one will ever know about them, and the performer will remain behind the curtain of secrecy forever, i.e. all that a person can get from selfless motives is to enjoy watching the brought happiness, and even then not always, because often the joy of accomplishment is hidden.

Often people deceive themselves, considering their own actions to be selfless, but if you analyze the motivation and the situation more deeply, it may turn out that the actions were performed in order to ingratiate themselves, receive praise or earn the support of a person in the future (to be good and useful now, so that later enjoy the fruits of a good relationship in the future).

Love and friendship imply selflessness as an integral part of building such relationships. It may look like rash acts, but aimed at the benefit of another. Selling a car to pay for a friend’s surgery, putting in place a boss who insults a girl are examples of serious and noticeable reactions, but there are more vital and prosaic, filled with disinterestedness, when a person leaves reading his favorite book and goes to help open a jar, when he hurries home and cooks delicious dinner for the second tired person (if behind these actions there are no thoughts about one’s own benefit and comparison of how best to spend time, then these are examples of how friendship gives birth to disinterestedness).

Why do they talk so much about selflessness and strive to develop it, if there is no practical benefit, only costs? It would seem that evolutionarily this type of behavior should have been fixed as negative and gradually exterminated from human behavior, but the whole difficulty lies in the fact that selflessness affects higher spheres of human existence than the physiological level at which evolutionary instincts operate. Being at the level of high spiritual development, selflessness does not affect the material spheres (it is unlikely that selflessness is possible in times of complex hierarchy and a fight for a piece of meat), being located at the level of the spirit. At this spiritual level, the happiness experienced from a perfect selfless deed overshadows any physical pleasures in its sensations, since it represents a more qualitative and subtle filling of the entire human being.

Once immersed in this feeling, the representation of spiritual life changes, values ​​are reassessed, priorities are re-arranged, and the person himself is surprised at how useless and stupid things used to occupy leading positions in his worldview. Changes selfless behavior and the attitude of the world towards him. As long as we are guided by the laws of profit and personal self-interest, we tend to demand and pressure, manipulate and intimidate, and few people around us like such treatment.

A disinterested person lives for the sake of others, without causing violence and without knocking out what is desired from people, his ability to give everything gives rise to reciprocal impulses in the surrounding reality, and people gladly help those who do not take care of themselves, fulfill the desires of those who do something for this, but at the same time helps to fulfill the dreams of others.

People around read the motivation of our actions and try to shun those who seek profit, while those who live for others are more drawn to. It may seem that, being disinterested, a person runs the risk of being surrounded by selfish people who seek to profit from this quality, but the mechanisms of the universe and human communication are arranged in such a way that more good returns. In an effort to repay sincere help, people build strong relationships and offer the best options to those who helped without imposing debt. Lightness and freedom are highly valued in relationships, many even try to pull through the most difficult problems alone, just not to be indebted to someone for helping to resolve it, and it is at this junction that real sincere relationships are born that do not require return, but rejoice in it.

Disinterested - how is it?

Selflessness is a way of existence in a world where one's own life belongs not so much to the individual as to being and space. This is a philosophy of abandoning one's own needs with sensitivity to the needs of the environment, while there is no rigid separation and application of strong-willed efforts - everything happens independently and organically, since one's personality and the world around are perceived holistically and equally valuable.

For selflessness, there is no comparison, what would be better - eat dinner or help a friend in the garage, and if a friend calls, then you just need to get out. Following the requests of the outside world becomes an exciting adventure in understanding that we are all one with this world, and a friend’s working motorcycle is equal to the dinner eaten (at least in terms of replenishing energy, and spiritual or material energy is a matter of recycling). This level of selfless behavior is usually achieved by going through a long spiritual path or a deep crisis, but some are simply born with a similar attitude, where service to others, without expectation of reward, is perceived as the highest freedom to manifest the strength of one's own spirit.

It is possible to act disinterestedly on many levels: from unwillingness to act to the detriment of others, to conscious action in the direction of improving the life of another. To commit an act unselfishly means to commit it on the verge of self-denial, forgetting about the benefits, but at the same time feeling the joy of the freedom of one's own personality. The constant need for material wealth imposes many restrictions, as well as the psychological traumas received, force people to act within the same scenarios in order to get what they have not received, and a selfless act gives a heady feeling of freedom to go beyond these restrictions.

Selflessness is love, without hope for reciprocity, friendship with those who are weaker and cannot help, doing good to those who continue to respond with evil or simply do not return. Selflessness is politeness in response to rudeness, it is helping people in difficult situations (acquaintances and passers-by), it is the rejection of praises and gifts for their actions.

And if there is an interest and a desire to develop this quality in oneself, then it is enough to look at people every day, wondering what can be done to make this person happy. Try small things, maybe not immediately make you happy, but start by helping to smile now or relieve suffering. It may turn out that it doesn’t take much - you need to hug someone, and give someone your jacket, but it’s important to follow not with the logical eye of an expert conducting an inventory of someone else’s life (this way you risk giving people your projections), but try to feel what is missing person actually. Secret - if you guessed right, then the person's eyes will light up with happiness.

Examples of selfless help in literature

For example, Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace.

Unheard-of kindness and spiritual generosity are shown

heroes of the work during the war of 1812.

Pierre Bezukhov equips everything with his own money

necessary a whole detachment of militias, and himself with them

goes to war with Napoleon.

After the defeat of our troops at Borodino, Kutuzov

invites everyone to leave Moscow, and the Rostov family

is going to leave for his estate, plunging the property

But when Natasha Rostova finds out that carts are needed

for the removal of the wounded from burning Moscow,

she immediately orders to release the carts and

give them to the wounded.

This novel is Crime and Punishment.

Rodion Raskolnikov, on the verge of poverty and insanity,

gives away almost all of his money sent to him by his mother

and sister, at the funeral of Marmeladov, crushed by a horse.

Pyotr Grinev gave Pugachev his rabbit sheepskin coat,

showing unparalleled generosity.

Sitting, and standing, and lying in a layer,

A dozen hares were saved on it

“I would take you - but sink the boat! “

It’s a pity for them, however, but it’s a pity for the find -

I got hooked on a knot

And dragged a log behind him.

It was fun for women, children,

How I rolled the village of bunnies:

“Look: what old Mazai is doing! “

without saying a word, it gets between me and my food. And here in my refectory at least roll a ball! Eat, pike, eat, shark!

I would like to know how many rows of teeth you have in your mouth? Eat, wolf cub! No, I take that word back - out of respect for

wolves. Swallow my food, boa constrictor! He worked and worked, but his stomach was empty, his throat was dry, there was pain in the pancreas, that's all.

bowels cramped; I worked until late at night - and this is my reward: I watch how the other eats. Well, let's do it, let's share a dinner

in half. He - bread, potatoes and lard, I - milk.

They are all one sample, worthless! As soon as you present what they want, they become silent.

The baby swallowed milk so hastily and with such greed dug into the artificial breast, extended to her by this

grouchy providence that coughed.

Yes, you will choke, - Ursus muttered angrily. - Look, you're a glutton too!

He took the sponge from her, waited until the cough had passed, then put the bottle back into her mouth, saying:

An example of selflessness in life

an essay about a selfless person whom I met in my life

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Answers and explanations

• helenaal
• main brain

Life without selfishness.

Selflessness is a spiritual quality that encourages you to do good without thinking about profit.

Here are classic examples from literature and life. Danko, who pulled out his heart to light the way for people, and Alexander Matrosov, who blocked the fire of an enemy machine gun. Natasha Rostova, who threw away things to put the wounded in carts, and Daniil Ivanovich Kyutinen, a baker (!) of besieged Leningrad who died of starvation. Everyone knows many examples.

I believe that true selflessness is manifested not only in actions, but also in readiness for them, the ability to sympathize and see who needs help.

And for me, the most disinterested person in my life is my mother, Lidia Vasilievna, whose life was full of worries and troubles about others. Without any self-interest, at the behest of the heart.

I remember I was about 10 years old. Parents went shopping, but soon returned with a tearful girl. They ordered her to feed her and went to the police to arrange her fate. I don't remember exactly what it was. It seems that the mother is a drunkard, and the girl either got lost or asked for bread at the store. But it was firmly imprinted in my memory that she could become a younger sister to me and my sister.

And a few years later, when I saw an unfamiliar woman at a family holiday, I heard such a story. The woman was sitting on a bench in the park, closing her eyes. Mammy, of course, rushed to her: “Are you ill?” In the ensuing conversation, I learned that Lyubov Nikolaevna, who had recently moved to our city, was alone, her sister and son were far away. Since then Lyubochka has become our frequent guest. And when she got sick, my mother sent me to help her with the housework.

In our bookcases in subscription editions, variegation is not uncommon. This is a replacement that had to be bought in second-hand bookshops, not returned volumes (someone needed it, but we had it - just according to the school curriculum!).

My mother had many friends and good acquaintances. And in the purse there were always sweets to treat someone on occasion. Just. Selflessly.

An example of disinterestedness and philanthropy: a guy gives free haircuts to the homeless

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After a hard week of work, the 28-year-old hairdresser does not go somewhere for the weekend, but takes to the streets of his city in search of the homeless. The guy cuts them for free, trying to make these people a little happier.

In the British city of Exeter (Exeter, Devonshire) has its own little hero. Joshua Coombes is a hairdresser. The fact is that this guy has been dedicating every weekend to the homeless for 6 months, giving them haircuts.

In addition to helping the homeless, Joshua engages the public in a social issue that many prefer to remain silent about. And it works. Sometimes people come up to an impromptu mini-salon and treat everyone to coffee or bring food. Well, for people left homeless, this disinterested gesture returns hope that not everything is lost yet.

While Joshua takes care of the homeless, photographer friend Matt Spracklen captures this before and after haircut and posts it on Instagram.

Joshua was inspired by the example of Mark Bustos from New York for a similar event. This one also walks the streets of the city and does hair for the homeless for free. In this way, he helps people who are less fortunate in life than him.

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People are altruists, the meaning of the word and examples from life

Hello dear friends and guests of my blog! Today I will touch on the topic - altruism, talk about the meaning of this word and give examples. An altruist is a person who acts selflessly without expecting anything in return. It seems to me that now this is very relevant, and our society needs to awaken these wonderful qualities in itself. I hope my article will help you with this.

The meaning of the word altruist

The word altruist is completely opposite in meaning to the word egoist. That is, this is a person who cares about others, performs deeds and deeds that benefit society, even to the detriment of himself. This concept was introduced by the French sociologist Auguste Comte. In his opinion, the main principle of altruism is to live for others. Of course, I don’t really like the word damage, since disinterestedness, it’s still not to act out of inferiority, but most likely out of abundance. This abundance is not necessarily manifested in some material wealth of a person, rather it is an abundance of the soul and heart. In an article on compassion, I have already touched on this topic a bit.

The characteristic qualities of an altruistic personality are kindness, responsiveness, empathy, activity, compassion. People who are prone to altruism have a well-functioning heart chakra. Outwardly, they can be recognized by their eyes, which radiate a warm radiance. As a rule, altruistic individuals are optimists. Instead of wasting time depressing and complaining about the world, they just make it a better place.

Examples of Altruistic Activities

Properties of altruistic deeds may differ in different sexes. As a rule, in women they have a longer duration. For example, they often put an end to their careers for the benefit of their families. And men, on the contrary, are characterized by momentary heroic impulses: to pull a person out of a fire, to throw himself on an embrasure. As during the Great Patriotic War, Alexander Matrosov and many other unknown heroes did this.

The desire to help others is inherent in all living beings. This is true even for animals. For example, dolphins help their wounded brethren stay afloat, they can swim for long hours under the sick, pushing him to the surface so that he can breathe. Cats, dogs, foxes, walruses take care of orphaned cubs as if they were their own.

Also, altruism can include volunteering, donation, mentoring (only on condition that the teacher does not charge a fixed fee for this).

Famous people altruists

Some altruistic acts are so powerful in their depth that they go down in history for a long time. So, during the Second World War, the German industrialist Oskar Schindler became famous throughout the world for saving about 1,000 Jews who worked at his factory from death. Schindler was not a righteous man, but in saving his workers, he made many sacrifices: he spent a lot of money to pay off officials, he risked going to jail. In honor of him, a book was written and the film "Schindrer's List" was shot. Of course, he could not have known that this would bring glory to him, so this act can be considered truly altruistic.

The real altruists include the Russian doctor Fyodor Petrovich Gaaz. He devoted his life to serving humanity, for which he was called the "holy doctor." Fyodor Petrovich helped poor people with medicines, mitigated the fate of prisoners and exiles. His favorite words, which can be made a motto for altruists, are: “Hurry up to do good! Know how to forgive, desire reconciliation, overcome evil with good. Try to raise the fallen, soften the embittered, correct the morally destroyed.

Famous altruists include any spiritual teachers and mentors (Christ, Buddha, Prabhupada, etc.) who help people become better. They give their time, energy, and sometimes their lives, without demanding anything in return.

The best reward for them can be that the students accepted the knowledge and embarked on the path of spiritual development.

Hidden motives

As I have already said, in our souls, nature has a desire to take care of the world around us and people, because we are all interconnected. But sometimes the mind takes precedence over the impulses of the heart. In such cases, selfishness and concern only for one's own good wake up in a person.

I'll give you an example. A young girl takes care of a sick elderly man, only because after that he will write his house to her. Can this be called an altruistic act? Of course not, because the original goal pursued by this girl is not helping a person, but the immediate benefit after that.

Self-promotion

Increasingly, good deeds (disinterested at first glance) are performed in order to increase one's reputation. World stars without exception engaged in charity and other philanthropic activities. This motif is called the "potlatch effect", in honor of the Indian ceremony of demonstrative exchange of gifts. When sharp feuds arose between the tribes, a struggle for authority began, but it was an unusual battle. Each leader of the tribe arranged a feast, to which he called his enemies. He generously treated them and presented expensive gifts. Thus, they showed their power and wealth.

Personal sympathy

The most common motive for altruistic acts is sympathy. It is more pleasant for people to help those they like, their friends and loved ones. In some ways, this motive intersects with self-promotion, because one of its goals is to arouse the respect of people dear to us. But still there is a significant difference, because there is love for neighbors.

Ennui

Some people devote their whole lives to altruistic deeds and service to society, while not experiencing inner satisfaction and harmony. The reason for this is inner emptiness, so a person throws all his strength into saving other people's souls so as not to hear a cry for help from his own.

True selflessness

Let's consider such a situation. A man on crutches walks beside you and drops his glasses. What will you do? I'm sure you'll pick them up and give them to him without the thought that he should do something nice for you in return. But imagine that he silently takes his glasses and, without saying a word of gratitude, turns around and leaves. What will you feel? That you were not appreciated and all people are ungrateful? If this is so, then it does not smell like true altruism. But if, no matter what, this act warms your soul, then this is sincere altruism, and not a manifestation of banal politeness.

A real altruist does not seek material gain (glory, honor, respect), his goal is much higher. By providing selfless help to others, our soul becomes purer and brighter, and, accordingly, the whole world becomes a little better, because everything in it is interconnected.

In order for selfish, selfish people not to “sat on the head” of an altruist, it is necessary to develop awareness in oneself. Then you will be able to distinguish between those who really need help and those who are just trying to use you.

Video

In conclusion, I want to tell you a story from the ancient Vedic scriptures, which illustrates the manifestation of real altruism and selflessness. Watch the video.

Ruslan Tsvirkun wrote for you. I wish you spiritual growth and development. Help your friends with this and share useful information with them. If you have any clarifying questions, do not hesitate to ask, I will be happy to answer them.

Thanks for the interesting and detailed article. I was looking for material on this topic for an essay. There are really no examples on the Internet, everywhere only about Mother Teresa and about a wife who lives with an alcoholic, although this example can hardly be called altruism.

Glad the article was helpful.

That's who I am. And everyone says: you are either a fool or a saint :-/ Thanks for the article)

Ruslan, thanks for the article. The topic is really interesting.

Much has been written and said about altruism. In general terms, altruism is the desire and willingness to help someone in need without asking for anything in return.

Now you can often hear the saying from people: "Do not do good, you will not receive evil." I have thought about it a lot, read and listened.

The first thing I came up with is what you describe in the article. Kindness should be disinterested, sincere, coming from the heart. Doing actions, do not become attached to their fruits.

And the second - you need to follow the rule of true altruism (it turns out that altruism can also be false).

True altruism has three fundamental components.

1. Having a request for help.

Sometimes, it just seems to us that a person needs help, and by imposing ourselves with our help, we interfere with him in the implementation of some of his plans.

2. Having a desire to help.

It happens that a person once asked for help, a second, a third, and has simply become insolent. We see that he is just lazy. And we no longer want to help him. In other words, we are not given energy from above, since our help will lead the one asking to degradation. This is a disservice.

3. Availability of opportunities to provide assistance.

It means to help out of abundance, not to the detriment.

All these three points must be taken into account in the aggregate, otherwise the proverb "Do not do good, you will not receive evil" will still work.

And always, if you want to help others, you need to take into account the time, place, circumstances, showing common sense.

Thank you for your comment

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V. Hugo, in his novel Les Misérables, tells the story of how a thief once stole silverware from the bishop's house, where he asked to stay for the night. The police managed to quickly cope with the capture of the criminal and bring the priest to the house. However, the bishop, to the general surprise of the thief and the police, said that the things had been taken from the house with his own permission.

The fraudster was struck by what happened to the depths of his soul, and in an instant he was reborn, embarking on the true path. So the author wanted to convey to his reader the idea that by his own faith in virtue

human and conscience, the bishop awakened similar qualities in the thief, changing him in the literal sense of the word.

A. I. Kuprin wrote the work “The Miraculous Doctor”, which tells about the story of little Grisha Mertsalov, who met Dr. Pirogov on his own path as a child, who absolutely disinterestedly saved the life of the hero’s younger sister, and assisted the Mertsalov family in general. The Grisha family was literally starving to death, and the search for work for his father always ended in failure.

A lucky chance brought my father together with a man who eventually turned out to be a doctor. It was at that moment that all the troubles in the hero's family came to an end. A job was found for my father, the boys began attending the gymnasium, and my sister recovered. Grisha grew up and got a position as a bank manager. Kuprin endowed his character with sensitivity to the requests of people in trouble. Many times they told this story about a wonderful doctor to friends and relatives. His memories were filled with gratitude and warmth. Such feelings of the hero can be understood, because it was thanks to the doctor, his attention, sincerity and selflessness that the personality of the child was formed.

From the story “French Lessons”, written by V. Rasputin, we learn that the teacher Lidia Mikhailovna had a great influence on the formation of the personality of the protagonist. She managed to become for him the most memorable person in life, as she taught the main science - the science of humanity and generosity. She sought to provide all possible support to the boy in difficult times.

Other works on this topic:

1. Mentally referring to Russian classical literature, let us recall the novel “Oblomov” by I. A. Goncharov. The atmosphere of laziness, idleness that reigned in the family of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov disfigured the soul of little Ilya, which ...
2. Every person has a dream. For some, it remains just a dream, an unobtrusive and sometimes impossible desire, while for others it becomes a life goal. And those whose...
3. There is no doubt that the life of any person is valuable. But not everyone can understand even the value of their life, not to mention others. And I just think...
4. Each of us should make the motto of the phrase from "The Little Prince" by Antoine Saint-Exupery: "We are responsible for those we have tamed." The pages of the best-selling story-tale are permeated with humanity...
5. In the text proposed for analysis, Yu. Ya. Yakovlev raises the problem of feat, heroism and selflessness. That's what he's thinking about. This social and moral problem is not ...
6. In the text proposed for analysis, V.P. Astafiev raises the problem of the loss of loved ones and late repentance before them. That's what he's thinking about. It...
7. Have you ever thought about getting old? Young people hardly think about it because of their age. Why think about the distant future when you are full of energy,...
8. The text proposed for analysis raises the problem of childhood. Childhood is an integral part of the life of every person, so the theme of childhood will never lose its relevance. To interest...

The problem of disinterested help (according to the story of Boris Ekimov "How to tell")

What are the origins of selflessness? Can you explain your need to selflessly help people? Boris Ekimov reflects on this in his work entitled "How to tell ...".

To draw our attention to the issues that concern him, he describes the annual trips of the hero of the story to the Don. Grigory tells his wife and factory friends that he is going to spring fishing, but in fact he is going to help the village aunt Varya, from whom he also hides the true reason for his arrival. Why is he doing this? Once Grigory saw how hard it was for an elderly woman to dig a garden, and since then for the fifth year he has been helping her plant potatoes and do some other housework. And although Aunt Varya is a completely alien person to him, and a sober voice stops: “You never know who suffers in this world,” “but the heart remembered, and did not want to forget Aunt Varya, and it ached for her.”

For the rest of his life he remembered a visit to the circus with a sailor and the pies of the controller Aunt Katya. Perhaps the memory of the actions of these people had such a beneficial effect on the formation of the character of the hero of the story? He does not tell anyone about the real purpose of his trips, all the time mentally repeating: "How to tell ...".

Grigory, dreaming of bringing his grown son to Aunt Varya to work, hopes that he will not have to explain anything: he will see and understand everything himself. After all, “it is necessary that he pity someone. Then there will be no violence."

The author of the story does not directly express his position, but we, the readers, understand it by analyzing the actions of the protagonist. Firstly, the writer, as it were, calls: sympathizing with a person, help him with deed and do not expect gratitude in return. And secondly, you don’t need to explain your “soul’s wonderful impulses”, because how many people, so many opinions.

Someone was kind to you

Do not forget his goodness all the time!

He himself did good to someone -

Don't mention it to him and forget it yourself!

In support of what has been said, the following literary example can be cited. Recall the story of A. Platonov "Yushka". How both children and embittered adults mock the blacksmith's assistant! And he believes that all people are kind and simply do not know how to express their love. He himself is ill with consumption, he is malnourished in order to save money and help an orphan. Nobody knows where Yushka goes every summer. And he went to the city on foot to carry money for the girl's living and education. Yushka's act bore fruit: the girl he helped grew up and became a doctor. She treated tuberculosis patients for free.

Here is another example from Russian literature. The heroine of V. Rasputin's story "French Lessons", the teacher Lidia Mikhailovna, knowing that she could lose her job, plays for money with her starving student, because out of modesty he rejects all the teacher's attempts to help him. And the director of the school, obviously, could not understand the motives of her noble deed, and Lidia Mikhailovna had to leave the school.

So, all of the above allows us to draw the following conclusion: the main thing is to do good, and not trumpet at every crossroads about your charity. And you don’t need to explain anything, because a person with a good heart will understand everything without words, but you won’t get through to a hard-hearted person with any words.

Let us first recall the lexical meaning of these words.

self-interest- benefit, material benefit.

Mercy- willingness to help someone or forgive someone out of compassion, philanthropy.

benefactor- Someone who does charity work.

Charity- charity.

Charitable- 1.About actions, deeds: gratuitous and aimed at public benefit.2.Directed to provide material assistance to the poor.

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Daniil Aleksandrovich Granin (1919…) is a Russian writer and public figure.

Artworks:

• 1954 - novel "Searchers"

• 1962 - novel "I'm going into a thunderstorm"

• 1969 - the story "Someone must" (about scientists, about moral choice)

• 1977-1981 "Siege book" (chronicles of the blockade epic of Leningrad; co-authored with Ales Adamovich)

• 1987 - "Zubr" - a documentary biographical novel about N.V. Timofeev-Resovsky)

• 1994 - "Escape to Russia"

• 1997 - essay "Fear"

• 2000 - historical novel "Evenings with Peter the Great"

Nikolai Vladimirovich Timofeev-Resovsky (1900-1981) - biologist, geneticist. Main areas of research: radiation genetics, population genetics, problems of microevolution.

2

additional information

Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky (1882-1969) - Russian Soviet poet, publicist, critic, translator and literary critic, children's writer.

• Crocodile (1916)

• Cockroach (1921)

• Moidodyr (1923)

• Fly-Tsokotuha (1924)

• Barmaley (1925)

• Telephone (1926)

• Fedorino grief (1926)

• Stolen Sun (1927)

• Aibolit (1929)

• The Adventures of Bibigon (1945-1946)

Preschool education:

• two to five

• The story of my "Aibolit"

• How "Fly-Tsokotuha" was written

• Chukokkala page

Anna Andreevna Akhmatova (Gorenko); (1889-1966) - Russian poet, writer, literary critic, literary critic, translator; one of the most famous Russian poets of the twentieth century.

Known for its tragic fate. Although she herself was not imprisoned or exiled, three people close to her were subjected to repression. Her husband N.S. Gumilyov in 1010-1918, was shot in 1921. Nikolai Punin, her life partner in the 30s, was arrested three times, died in the camp in 1953. The only son Lev Gumilyov was imprisoned in 1930-1940s and 1940-1950s. The experience of the wife and mother of "enemies of the people" is reflected in one of the most famous works of Akhmatova - the poem "Requiem".

Recognized as a classic of Russian poetry back in the 1920s, Akhmatova was hushed up, censored and harassed (including the “personal” resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of 1946, which was not canceled during her lifetime). Many of her works were not published not only during the life of the author, but also for more than two decades after her death. At the same time, her name, right up to the end of her life, was surrounded by fame among a wide circle of admirers of poetry both in the USSR and in exile.

Artworks

• "Evening" 1912

• "Rosary 1914-1923.

• "White Pack" 1917, 1918, 1922

• "Plantain" 1921

• "Running Time" 1965

• "Requiem" 1935-1940

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additional information

Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninov (1873-1943) was a Russian composer, pianist and conductor. In his work, he synthesized the principles of the St. Petersburg and Moscow composer schools (as well as the traditions of Western European music) and created his own original style, which subsequently influenced both Russian and world music of the 20th century.

Artworks:

• opera "The Miserly Knight"

• etudes-pictures for piano

• romances: “Do not sing, beauty, with me” (to the verses of A. Pushkin), “Spring Waters” (to the verses of F. Tyutchev), etc.

• Russian songs for choir and orchestra

• symphonic dances

Rimsky-Korsakov - Rachmaninov, Flight of the Bumblebee

additional information

Vladimir Alekseevich Gilyarovsky (1855-1935) - writer, journalist, everyday writer of Moscow.

Main works:

• "Slum People" (1887)

• "In the homeland of Gogol" (1902)

• "Moscow and Muscovites" (1926)

• "My Wanderings" (1928)

• "People of the Theater" (published 1941)

“Moscow and Muscovites” is the main, most famous book by V.A. Gilyarovsky. It consists of various essays and has absorbed more than half a century of impressions about Moscow and its inhabitants.

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additional information

In the mid-70s of the nineteenth century, I.S. Turgenev was for some time carried away by Baroness Yulia Petrovna Vrevskaya. When they met, he was already fifty-five, she was thirty-three. She lost her husband-general early, he was free, rich and famous, charming. The Baroness is enchanted, in love and waiting for a mutual feeling. But, alas, she did not wait for this. Turgenev was already privy to Y. Vrevskaya's plans to go as a sister of mercy to the Russian-Turkish war. Upon learning of the death of Vrevskaya, Turgenev wrote with pain in his heart: “She received that martyr's crown, to which her soul aspired, greedy for sacrifice. Her death saddened me deeply… Her life is one of the saddest I know.” I.S. Turgenev dedicated the poem “In Memory of Yu. Vrevskaya” to her, the main motive of which is the motive of mercy, sacrifice for the salvation of others.

Let the events you read about worthy people help you think about the life around you.

To expand the argumentation field in the process of preparing for the exam, we recommend visiting the pages:

We look forward to continuing our meetings!

For preparation for the exam You can use the tutorial " SEMI-FINISHED WORKS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE».

Trembling and twisted, leaning on two canes, he lingers on the edge of the sidewalk and does not dare to cross the street, because the traffic moves in an endless noisy stream. We young people are familiar with the noise and fuss. We, one might say, absorbed gasoline with mother's milk, and the horn accompanied our childhood games. And this old man's ability to navigate was formed in the calm, I would say even stagnant years of carriages drawn by gentle horses.

How pathetic he is when he stands like this and looks around, apparently waiting for help, and people pass by without paying the slightest attention to him. At such moments, beautiful and even sublime thoughts are born in my head. With my inner eye, I seem to see myself in the year 2000: leaning on a stick, I linger in indecision on the edge of the wide boulevard of the future, in fear of passing rockets and low-flying urban transport planes. Will no one give me a helping hand then?

I go up to the old man and take him by the elbow.

Come on, I say.

There was a clearing in the stream of cars. I drag him along.

Young man, he mutters.

Oh, the notorious old man's gratitude! On the way I nod to him and drag him on.

Calm down, I say. - We're almost there.

But my old man is simply bursting with gratitude.

Young man ... - he repeats.

I've already pulled him out onto the pavement and we're both safe and sound.

Nonsense, I say with a grin. - We must help each other, that's why we are people, right?

And I pat him on the shoulder in a friendly way, maybe too hard, because he somehow settles all over.

Then I turn and walk away. But he calls out to me, and when I look round, he makes me a sign to come back. I smile as I approach him. Someone, but I know what will follow: now he will offer me a cigar.

This is completely superfluous,” I declare magnanimously, stopping in front of him.

But the old man looks at me very angrily.

Young man, please take me back. I'm waiting for the bus.

The theme of selflessness in Russian literature of the second half of the 20th century

What is selflessness?

Selflessness - unwillingness to receive rewards for good deeds - is one of the highest feelings available to a person. Sometimes it is extremely difficult to follow the path of selflessness, to do something good just like that, having missed some benefit, but such actions are necessary, it is goodness without a reward that makes a person and the whole world better. This theme is eternal, it is reflected in the work of many writers. Modern authors also do not stand aside, because now, in the age of money and influence, it is especially important that something gratuitous remains.

The theme of selflessness in Shukshin's story "Master"

V. M. Shukshin created unpretentious, at first glance, stories. But all his works have a deep meaning. The story "Master" was no exception. The plot is simple: a carpenter with golden hands Syomka Rys lights up with the idea of ​​​​restoring the village church, but stumbles upon administrative obstacles (the regional executive committee reports that regional experts have already gone to see the Talitsky temple and came to the conclusion that it “is of no value as an architectural monument ... Nothing new for his time, some unexpected solutions or the search for such "master who built it did not show. The author of the church is a true master of his craft, like Semka, because the hero understood the true value of the temple, he wanted to make the world around him more beautiful, so that people passing by Church, admired and rejoiced. Unfortunately, the hero achieved nothing, his disinterested act remained without response, and Semka himself “did not stutter about the Talitsky church, never went to her, and if it happened to go along the Talitsky road, he turned his back on the slope church, looked at the river, at the meadows beyond the river, smoked and was silent. "Yes, the hero did not achieve anything, but his disinterestedness sinks into the soul, namely such caring people are trying to make the world more beautiful themselves, and do not expect any action from the administration.

Unselfishness in Rasputin's story "French Lessons"

V. G. Rasputin wrote on both topical and eternal topics, including selflessness. In one of his most famous short stories, French Lessons, he touches on this topic. The main character named Volodya is forced to leave home to study in the 5th grade, since there is only a 4th grade school in his native village. The boy lives from hand to mouth, is malnourished, so he begins to play for money in "chika". His French teacher Lydia Mikhailovna finds out about this and wants to help. Quite disinterestedly, the young woman pulls Volodya up in French and at the same time also plays with him for money in the "wall". But the teacher does not draw the student into a gambling game, but only wants him to have money, because the proud boy does not directly accept help. However, like Syomka Rys, Lidia Mikhailovna is not rewarded for her act: the director who fired her finds out about the game. But this support in the most difficult situation sunk into the soul of the hero, he carried the memories of Lydia Mikhailovna through his whole life, isn't this a reward?

Selflessness at the cost of heroism in Bykov's novel "Sotnikov"

The most difficult thing is to do kind and selfless deeds when you can pay for them with death. This is exactly the situation that happened in the life of Sotnikov, the hero of the novel of the same name by V. Bykov. He and his comrade-in-arms Rybak were partisans, but in another sortie, luck turned away from them. Sotnikov became seriously ill, and the Germans followed the partisans. The heroes came to the house of the mother of many children, Demichikha, a mortally tired and tortured woman, who, nevertheless, shared her last with the soldiers and hid Sotnikov and Rybak from the Germans in the attic. However, the sick hero betrayed himself, they were found, together with Demichikha they were sent to the police. Sotnikov was tormented by the thought that it was he who was to blame for everything, much more than the torture (and they broke his fingers and pulled out his nails because the hero did not give out the whereabouts of the partisans). The fisherman is tormented by the thought of suffering, so he betrays everyone he can betray in order to stay alive. Sotnikov's selfless act is that he took the blame on himself, because he wanted only him to die. However, the police had already heard Rybak's denunciation, so only the traitor was spared. Sotnikov and Demikha were hanged, but they were more alive than Rybak, who, for the sake of his self-interest and comfort, sold himself to the enemies, against whom he himself actively fought.

Thus, selfless deeds can cause not only a joyful reaction from others, sometimes the path of goodness becomes deadly. Everyone faces this choice at least once. And it is on goodness and unselfishness that our world still rests. Writers of the second half of the 20th century tell their readers about this, but it is also relevant in the 21st century.

Read also:

Brodsky and his "Beautiful" era

The author's style of Platonov on the example of the story "The Pit"

The problem of human responsiveness

favorite heroine of the writer - Natasha Rostova - definitely chooses to help wounded soldiers located in Moscow after the Battle of Borodino. She understands that they do not have enough strength to get out of the city, which will be captured by Napoleonic troops from day to day. Therefore, the girl, without regret, makes her parents give the wagons intended for sending numerous things from their home to the wounded. Her impulse, the vehemence with which she reprimands her mother that things are more important than people, make the elderly woman ashamed of her pettiness.

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examples of disinterestedness from literature

Disinterestedness in literature

In the Literature section, to the question Examples of disinterestedness in literature? the best answer given by the author Mikhail Panasenko is Savelyich in The Captain's Daughter, Stolz in Oblomov, Firs in The Cherry Orchard, Alik, Natasha in Sofya Petrovna, the Rostov family in War and Peace.

Primary source The list is endless.

The problem of disinterested help (according to the story of B. Ekimov How to tell.) (USE in Russian)

The problem of disinterested help (according to the story of Boris Ekimov "How to tell")

What are the origins of selflessness? Can you explain your need to selflessly help people? Boris Ekimov reflects on this in his work entitled "How to tell ...".

To draw our attention to the issues that concern him, he describes the annual trips of the hero of the story to the Don. Grigory tells his wife and factory friends that he is going to spring fishing, but in fact he is going to help the village aunt Varya, from whom he also hides the true reason for his arrival. Why is he doing this? Once Grigory saw how hard it was for an elderly woman to dig a garden, and since then for the fifth year he has been helping her plant potatoes and do some other housework. And although Aunt Varya is a completely alien person to him, and a sober voice stops: “You never know who suffers in this world,” “but the heart remembered, and did not want to forget Aunt Varya, and it ached for her.”

For the rest of his life he remembered a visit to the circus with a sailor and the pies of the controller Aunt Katya. Perhaps the memory of the actions of these people had such a beneficial effect on the formation of the character of the hero of the story? He does not tell anyone about the real purpose of his trips, all the time mentally repeating: "How to tell ...".

Grigory, dreaming of bringing his grown son to Aunt Varya to work, hopes that he will not have to explain anything: he will see and understand everything himself. After all, “it is necessary that he pity someone. Then there will be no violence."

The author of the story does not directly express his position, but we, the readers, understand it by analyzing the actions of the protagonist. Firstly, the writer, as it were, calls: sympathizing with a person, help him with deed and do not expect gratitude in return. And secondly, you don’t need to explain your “soul’s wonderful impulses”, because how many people, so many opinions.

Someone was kind to you

Do not forget his goodness all the time!

He himself did good to someone -

Don't mention it to him and forget it yourself!

In support of what has been said, the following literary example can be cited. Let's remember A. Platonov's story "Yushka". How both children and embittered adults mock the blacksmith's assistant! And he believes that all people are kind and simply do not know how to express their love. He himself is ill with consumption, he is malnourished in order to save money and help an orphan. Nobody knows where Yushka goes every summer. And he went to the city on foot to carry money for the girl's living and education. Yushka's act bore fruit: the girl he helped grew up and became a doctor. She treated tuberculosis patients for free.

Here is another example from Russian literature. The heroine of V. Rasputin's story "French Lessons", a teacher Lidia Mikhailovna, knowing that she could lose her job, plays for money with her starving student, because out of modesty he rejects all the teacher's attempts to help him. And the director of the school, obviously, could not understand the motives of her noble deed, and Lidia Mikhailovna had to leave the school.

So, all of the above allows us to draw the following conclusion: the main thing is to do good, and not trumpet at every crossroads about your charity. And you don’t need to explain anything, because a person with a good heart will understand everything without words, but you won’t get through to a hard-hearted person with any words.

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Examples of selfless help in literature

For example, Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace.

Unheard-of kindness and spiritual generosity are shown

heroes of the work during the war of 1812.

Pierre Bezukhov equips everything with his own money

necessary a whole detachment of militias, and himself with them

goes to war with Napoleon.

After the defeat of our troops at Borodino, Kutuzov

invites everyone to leave Moscow, and the Rostov family

is going to leave for his estate, plunging the property

But when Natasha Rostova finds out that carts are needed

for the removal of the wounded from burning Moscow,

she immediately orders to release the carts and

give them to the wounded.

This novel is Crime and Punishment.

Rodion Raskolnikov, on the verge of poverty and insanity,

gives away almost all of his money sent to him by his mother

and sister, at the funeral of Marmeladov, crushed by a horse.

Pyotr Grinev gave Pugachev his rabbit sheepskin coat,

showing unparalleled generosity.

Sitting, and standing, and lying in a layer,

A dozen hares were saved on it

“I would take you - but sink the boat! “

It’s a pity for them, however, but it’s a pity for the find -

I got hooked on a knot

And dragged a log behind him.

It was fun for women, children,

How I rolled the village of bunnies:

“Look: what old Mazai is doing! “

without saying a word, it gets between me and my food. And here in my refectory at least roll a ball! Eat, pike, eat, shark!

I would like to know how many rows of teeth you have in your mouth? Eat, wolf cub! No, I take that word back - out of respect for

wolves. Swallow my food, boa constrictor! He worked and worked, but his stomach was empty, his throat was dry, there was pain in the pancreas, that's all.

bowels cramped; I worked until late at night - and this is my reward: I watch how the other eats. Well, let's do it, let's share a dinner

in half. He - bread, potatoes and lard, I - milk.

They are all one sample, worthless! As soon as you present what they want, they become silent.

The baby swallowed milk so hastily and with such greed dug into the artificial breast, extended to her by this

grouchy providence that coughed.

Yes, you will choke, - Ursus muttered angrily. - Look, you're a glutton too!

He took the sponge from her, waited until the cough had passed, then put the bottle back into her mouth, saying:

What does it mean to be a selfless person?

Selflessness is one of the best moral qualities. A selfless person does everything for others and does not require a reward for this work. It seems to me that in our world today, where money reigns, it is very difficult to find such a person who is ready to help at any moment and do something good and useful for free. Now almost everyone is concerned about material wealth and no one wants to spend mental and physical strength on something that will not bring them profit.

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© Sochinyashka.Ru: What does it mean to be a selfless person?

An example of selflessness

In the conditions of market relations, the life of people from year to year becomes more complicated. Unemployment is growing. The majority of the population barely makes ends meet, not receiving a salary for whole months, and the prices for food, manufactured goods, fees for various services rise to the ceiling. Under such conditions, offenses and crimes are on the rise. Orphanages are replenished with children - orphans, difficult to educate, left without parental care. But the world is not without good people. Everywhere you can meet disinterested, sincerely generous people who voluntarily take orphans from orphanages for education, give them a particle of spiritual warmth.

We would like to tell you about an amazing woman with an unusual fate, Valentina Vasilievna Barbakhtyrova, whose life is closely connected with orphans from an orphanage.

Valentina Vasilievna was born in the family of a collective farmer on December 20, 1946 in the village of Kyrgydai, Vilyuysky District, YASSR. For a long time she worked as a milkmaid at the Mastakhsky state farm, for 8 years she was the chairman of the local trade union of agricultural workers, an indispensable member of the women's council and the parent committee, she was repeatedly elected a deputy of the village council, actively participated and participates in the public life of the village.

Barbakhtyrova V.V. one of the first in the ulus, in the republic, on her own initiative, she took on the upbringing of orphans from an orphanage. This courageous woman alone raised 8 children left without parental care.

In 1991, having lost her only son, having experienced the bitter fate of loneliness, she decided to adopt a child from the orphanage in Vilyuysk. So the first son of Gene appeared in the family - the consolation of the mother. Following this, in 1994, she took 3 girls at once: Anya, Katya, Lisa Soykinykh. In 1996, eight-year-old Zhenya came to visit from the orphanage for the summer. The little boy liked the kind attitude of Valya's mother, the warm friendly atmosphere in the family. At his request, the children and Valentina Vasilievna decided to leave Zhenya. After 5 years, the family was replenished with two more children: brother and sister of the Soykin sisters: Ruslan and Lyudmila. The hard fate of the orphaned Zakhar did not leave the mother's heart indifferent. So the eighth child appeared in the family.

At first, Valentina Vasilievna encountered many difficulties: the children's lack of knowledge of the Yakut language, knowledge gaps, health status, adaptation to rural life, incompatibility of characters, financial difficulties in market relations, etc. The family overcame all these problems thanks to the support of fellow villagers, relatives, the school and the orphanage.

The international Barbakhtyrov family lives together under the motto “Kuha5antan kuot, vchvgeiten ver”, “Yle kihini kiergeter”. Work in this family is always held in high esteem. Like all the inhabitants of the village, they maintain a large subsidiary plot, take care of the garden in the summer, mow hay, pick mushrooms and berries in the fall, stock up on pickles and jam for the long winter. They generously share their supplies with the Vilyui orphanage and orphanage. Each child in the family has a certain responsibility, having his own "front of work": boys do men's work, girls milk cows, take care of calves, cook, sew, help their mother manage a large farm. Every year, Valentina Vasilievna organizes the Sayylyk summer labor camp; in 2000, at the competition of summer family labor camps, they took first place in the republic and were awarded a valuable prize - a personal computer. The children of Valentina Vasilievna Barbakhtyrova are also famous in their native village and ulus as active participants in sports competitions, various competitions, subject Olympiads, schoolchildren's conferences, and amateur performances.

A large family of Valentina Vasilyevna grew up: the older children have already matured and entered into an independent life, started families, grandchildren appeared. The eldest son Gena graduated from the Yakut vocational school No. 16, works as an electrician in his native school. Married, raising three children. Continuing the family tradition, he took care of the boy Vanya from the orphanage. Daughter Anya successfully studies in the third year of the Faculty of Economics of the YAGSHA, she is married. Son Zhenya is a third-year student of the Mirny Regional Technical College with a degree in electrician-mechanic of high-rise lines. Katya is a second-year student at the Yakutsk Medical College, she is married and has a daughter. Liza is a second-year student of the YSU Faculty of Law, married and has a son. Zakhar graduated from the Kyzyl-Syr Training and Production Plant and continues his studies at the Mirny Regional Technical College as a gas welder. Ruslan graduated from high school and is studying at DOSAAF as a driver, preparing to serve in the army. The youngest daughter, Luda, is in the ninth grade and is her mother's helper and supporter.

The rich experience of Valentina Vasilievna in raising orphans is widespread in the ulus, in the republic, published in many printed publications: in the books “Labor education of a child in the family”, “Baryta holumtantan sa5alanar”, “The book of the year of childhood and children's sports”, in the ulus newspaper "Olokh suola", the republican newspapers "Sakha Sire", "Keskil". Her long-term, conscientious work has been marked by many diplomas, the Certificate of Honor of the President of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), letters of thanks. In 2003 she became a scholarship holder of the Bar5aryy Foundation, in 2004 she was awarded the Mother's Glory medal.

References.

1. Labor education of the child in the family. Yakutsk, 2002
2. Everything starts from the home. Vilyuysk, 2001
3. Newspaper "Caskil" No. 37, 2008