Anatoly Naumovich Rybakov. Curriculum vitae

Source - Wikipedia

Rybakov, Anatoly Naumovich (real name - Aronov; 1911-1998) - Russian writer.
Author of novels and short stories "Dagger", "Bronze Bird", "Drivers", "Heavy Sand". The novel-tetralogy "Children of the Arbat" received a huge public outcry. Laureate of the Stalin Prize of the second degree (1951). Honorary Doctorate from Tel Aviv University.

Rybakov was born on January 1 (14), 1911 in the Jewish family of Naum Borisovich Aronov and his wife Dina Abramovna Rybakova. In his autobiography, the writer indicated Chernihiv as his place of birth. In fact, he was born in the village of Derzhanovka (now the Nosovsky district of the Chernihiv region), where his father Naum Aronov served as an engineer at the distillery of the local landowner Harkun.
From 1919 he lived in Moscow, on the Arbat, 51. He studied at the former Khvostovskaya gymnasium in Krivoarbatsky lane. Yury Dombrovsky studied at the same school and at the same time. He graduated from the eighth and ninth grades at the Moscow Experimental Commune School (abbreviated as MOPSHK) in 2nd Obydensky Lane on Ostozhenka. The school arose as a commune of Komsomol members who returned from the fronts of the Civil War.
After leaving school, he worked at the Dorogomilovsky chemical plant as a loader, then as a driver.
In 1930 he entered
On November 5, 1933, he was arrested and by a special meeting of the OGPU board was sentenced to 3 years of exile under Article 58-10 (Counter-revolutionary agitation and propaganda). At the end of the exile, not having the right to live in cities with a passport regime, he wandered around Russia. He worked where it was not necessary to fill out questionnaires, but from 1938 to November 1941 he was the chief engineer of the Ryazan Regional Motor Transport Administration.
From November 1941 to 1946 he served in the Red Army in automobile units. He participated in battles on various fronts, from the defense of Moscow to the storming of Berlin. The last position was the head of the auto service of the 4th Guards Rifle Corps (8th Guards Army), the rank was Major Engineer. For distinction in battles with the Nazi invaders, he was recognized as having no criminal record.
In 1960 he was completely rehabilitated.
A. N. Rybakov died on December 23, 1998 in New York. He was buried at the Kuntsevo cemetery in Moscow.
Poet, prose writer and essayist Alexei Makushinsky is the son of Anatoly Rybakov. The writer Maria Rybakova is the granddaughter of A. N. Rybakova.

In 1947, A. Rybakov turned to literary activity, starting to write adventure stories for youth - the story "Dagger" (1948) and its continuation - the story "The Bronze Bird" (1956). Both stories were filmed - the film "Dagger" in 1954 (again in 1973), the film "The Bronze Bird" in 1974.
The following stories were also addressed to the youth - "The Adventures of Krosh" (1960) with the continuations "Krosh's Vacation" (1966) and "The Unknown Soldier" (1970). Their film adaptations are The Adventures of Krosh in 1961, Krosh's Vacation in 1979, A Minute of Silence in 1971 and The Unknown Soldier in 1984. Based on the distant motives of the story "Krosh's Vacation", the film "These Innocent Amusements" was also shot in 1969.
The first novel written by Rybakov was dedicated to people he knew well - Drivers (1950). The novel "Ekaterina Voronina" (1955), filmed in 1957, was a great success. In 1964, he published the novel "Summer in the Sosnyaki" about the construction of the first five-year plans.
In 1975, the continuation of the stories "Dirk" and "Bronze Bird" - the story "The Shot" and the film based on it - "The Last Summer of Childhood" (1974) were released.
In 1978, the novel "Heavy Sand" was published. The novel tells about the life of a Jewish family in the 1910-1940s in one of the multinational towns in the north of Ukraine, about a bright and all-overcoming love carried through decades, about the tragedy of the Holocaust and the courage of civil resistance. This pinnacle work of the writer combined all the colors of his artistic palette, adding to them philosophy, craving for historical analysis and mystical symbolism (the image of the main character, beautiful lover, then wife and mother Rachel on the last pages is like a semi-real personification of the anger and revenge of the Jewish people). This novel was filmed, the film premiered in 2008.
The novel "Children of the Arbat", written back in the 1960s and published only in 1987, was one of the first about the fate of the younger generation of the thirties, a time of great losses and tragedies, the novel recreates the fate of this generation, trying to reveal the mechanism of totalitarian power, to understand "phenomenon" of Stalin and Stalinism. In 2004, based on the novel "Children of the Arbat", a serial film of the same name was released.
In 1988, a film based on the script by Rybakov "Sunday, half past seven" was released, which completed the cycle about Krosh.
At the same time, the continuation of "Children of the Arbat" - the novel "Thirty-fifth and Other Years" - was published. In 1990 - the novel "Fear", in 1994 - "Ashes and Ashes". The tetralogy uses elements of the author's biography (Sasha Pankratov).
In 1995 the collected works were published in seven volumes. Later - the autobiographical "Roman-Memories" (1997).
Books published in 52 countries, with a total circulation of more than 20 million copies. Many works have been filmed.
Anatoly Rybakov was the president of the Soviet PEN Center (1989-1991), the secretary of the board of the USSR Writers' Union (since 1991).

Tale
Dagger, 1948
Bronze Bird, 1956
Adventures of Krosh, 1960
Krosh vacation, 1966
Unknown soldier, 1970
Shot, 1975

Novels
Drivers, 1950
Ekaterina Voronina, 1955
Summer in Sosnyaki, 1964
Heavy sand, 1978
Children of Arbat 1982
Thirty-fifth and Beyond (Fear), Book One, 1988
Fear, (Thirty-fifth and other years) book two 1990
Dust and ashes, 1994
Novel-recollection (My XX century), 1997

Awards and prizes
Stalin Prize of the second degree (1951) - for the novel Drivers (1950)
State Prize of the RSFSR named after the Vasilyev brothers (1973) - for the script of the film "A Minute of Silence" (1971)
two Orders of the Patriotic War, 1st class (30.6.1945; 6.4.1985)
Order of the Patriotic War II degree (January 31, 1945)
Order of the Red Banner of Labor
Order of Friendship of Peoples
medal "For Military Merit" (4.4.1943)

Anatoly Naumovich Rybakov (real name Aronov, Rybakov - mother's surname) was born on January 14 (January 1, according to the old style), 1911 in the city of Chernigov (Ukraine) in the family of an engineer.

His grandfather ran a paint and glue shop and was a headman of the synagogue. The revolution abolished the Pale of Settlement, young parents and their son left the province and moved to Moscow in 1919.

The family settled on the Arbat, in house number 51, later described in stories and novels. Anatoly Aronov studied at the former Hvorostov gymnasium in Krivoarbatsky Lane. He graduated from the eighth and ninth grades (then there were nine-year-olds) at the Moscow Experimental Commune School (MOPShK), where some of the best teachers of that time taught.

After leaving school, he worked at the Dorogomilovsky chemical plant as a loader, then as a driver.

In 1930, he entered the road department of the Moscow Transport and Economic Institute.

On November 5, 1933, student Anatoly Aronov was arrested and sentenced to three years of exile under Article 58-10 - counter-revolutionary agitation and propaganda. At the end of the exile, not having the right to live in cities with a passport regime, he wandered around the country, worked as a driver, a mechanic, worked at motor transport enterprises in Bashkiria, Kalinin (now Tver), Ryazan.

In 1941, with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he was drafted into the army. From November 1941 to 1946 he served in automobile units, participated in battles on various fronts, from the defense of Moscow to the storming of Berlin. He finished the war with the rank of Guards Major Engineer, holding the post of head of the auto service of the 4th Guards Rifle Corps. For distinction in battles with the Nazi invaders, he was recognized as having no criminal record, and in 1960 he was fully rehabilitated.

Demobilized in 1946, Anatoly Aronov returned to Moscow. Then he began his literary activity, began to write adventure stories for youth.

In 1948, his first story "Dagger" was published, which he signed with his mother's surname - Rybakov.

In 1956, a continuation of Dirk was published - the story "The Bronze Bird.

His novel Drivers (1950) was awarded the USSR State Prize in 1951. Then came the novels "Ekaterina Voronina" (1950), "Summer in the Sosnyaki" (1964), the novels "Krosh's Adventures" (1960), "Krosh's Vacation" (1966) and "The Unknown Soldier" (1970).

In 1978, the novel "Heavy Sand" was published, in 1987 - the novel "Children of the Arbat", written back in the 1960s. The events described in the work were continued in the novel "Thirty-fifth and Other Years" (1988), the second book of which was the novel "Fear" (1990), and the third - the novel "Ashes and Ashes" (1994).

In 1995, the Collected Works of Anatoly Rybakov was published in seven volumes, and in 1997, the autobiographical "Roman-Memories" was published.

His books have been published in 52 countries, with a total circulation of over 20 million copies.

Based on the writer's books, films and television films have been staged. In 1954, the film "Kortik" was released, in 1957 - "Ekaterina Voronina", in 1961 - "The Adventures of Krosh". Rybakov is the author of the scripts for the films "These Innocent Fun" (1969), "Minute of Silence" (1971), "Dagger" (1973), "Bronze Bird" (1974), "The Last Summer of Childhood" (1974), "Krosh's Vacation" (1980), "Unknown Soldier" (1984), "Sunday, half past seven" (1988).

The television series "Children of the Arbat" was released, in 2008 - the television series "Heavy Sand".

In 1989-1991, the writer was the president of the Soviet PEN Center.

Since 1991 - Secretary of the Board of the Union of Writers of the USSR.

On December 23, 1998, Anatoly Rybakov died in New York, where he had arrived for an operation. He was buried at the Kuntsevo cemetery in Moscow.

The writer was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class, and two Orders of the Patriotic War, 2nd class. Among his awards are the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, the Order of Friendship of Peoples. Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1951), the State Prize of the RSFSR named after the Vasiliev Brothers (1973).

In 2006, the famous documentary filmmaker Marina Goldovskaya made the film "Anatoly Rybakov. Afterword", dedicated to the life and work of the writer.

The eldest son of the writer Alexander Rybakov, born in 1940, died in 1994. His daughter Maria, born in 1973, granddaughter of the writer, -

ANATOLY NAUMOVICH RYBAKOV

Life dates: January 14, 1911 - December 23, 1998
Place of Birth : city ​​of Chernihiv
Russian Soviet writer
Notable works: "Dagger", "Bronze Bird", "Krosh Vacation", "Heavy Sand", "Children of the Arbat"

Anatoly Naumovich Rybakov was born on January 14, 1911 in the Ukrainian city of Chernigov in the family of engineer Naum Borisovich Aronov and his wife Dina Avraamovna Rybakova. In 1919, the family moved to Moscow and settled on the Arbat, in house number 51, later described by Rybakov in stories and novels.
All childhood impressions and memories of Rybakov are connected with the life of a big city in the 1920s. Here, in Moscow, he joined the pioneers when the first pioneer organizations were just being formed, here he studied at the then famous Lepeshinsky commune school, here he became a member of the Komsomol, here he began his working life early at Dorkhimzavod.
In 1930, A. N. Rybakov entered the Moscow Institute of Transport Engineers and later became an automotive engineer. On November 5, 1933, as a student, he was arrested and sentenced under article 58-10 (“counter-revolutionary agitation and propaganda”) to three years of exile - for a wall newspaper and speaking at a discussion “as if conciliatory towards the Trotskyist opposition.” After serving the exile, he wandered around the country, worked at various jobs - where it was not necessary to fill out questionnaires. “Having become a kind of “homeless person”, I seemed to have fallen out of sight of the authorities, which all the time “picked up” those who had once been in their clutches ... "
In 1941 Anatoly Rybakov was drafted into the army. From November 1941 to 1946 he served in automobile units, participated in battles on various fronts, from the defense of Moscow to the storming of Berlin. He started as a private, finished the war with the rank of guard major engineer, holding the post of head of the auto service of the 4th Guards Rifle Corps. "For distinction in battles with the Nazi invaders" in the fall of 1945, Rybakov was recognized as having no criminal record, but only in 1960 was he fully rehabilitated.
Demobilized in 1946, Anatoly Naumovich returned to Moscow. Then he began his literary activity, began to write adventure stories for youth. Anatoly Naumovich gained fame with the very first stories addressed to young readers. His first story "Dagger" was published in 1948, in 1956 its continuation was published - the story "The Bronze Bird", and in 1975 - the third and final part of the trilogy - "Shot". The events unfold in the early years of the Civil War and the New Economic Policy in Moscow, on the Arbat, a favorite scene for many of Rybakov's heroes. The author captivated readers with an exciting plot based on the disclosure of secrets, a high romantic mood, and good humor. Freshness of feelings, sharpness of emotions, alluring secrets, pioneer romance, intricate courtyards of the Arbat, a bronze snake on the handle of a dagger (“with an open mouth and a tongue bent up”) - these are the first stories of Rybakov.
Three stories about Krosh (1960-1970), which became a kind of classic of youthful reading, were also successful. The stories written on behalf of a teenager were distinguished by the liveliness of the narration, psychological persuasiveness, and wit.
Rybakov's first "adult" novel, "Drivers" (1950), is dedicated to people whom the author knew well from his former profession as an automotive engineer. The novel belongs to the best examples of the "industrial" theme, captivating with the authenticity of the image, the skillful recreation of the working days of the car depot of a provincial town, and the subtle individualization of the character. In 1951 Rybakov was awarded the State Prize of the USSR for his novel.
The second "production" novel - "Ekaterina Voronina" (1955) - is about the difficult problems of relationships in the team of the Volga rivermen.
And in the novel "Summer in the Sosnyaki" (1964), the author shows the intense life of a large enterprise through the prism of the psychological conflict of an honest unfortunate man and a stupid dogmatist, which reflected the real explosive contradiction of "stagnant" time.
The novel "Heavy Sand" brought Rybakov great popularity. It was the first novel on a Jewish theme. The story of a difficult Jewish family from 1910 to 1943 was told in a colorful Russian-Jewish intonation: “ What was special about my father? Nothing. True, he was born in Switzerland, in Basel. There are not so many natives of Switzerland in our town. To be more precise, it was only my father. The rest is an ordinary shoemaker. Bungler…» A novel about a bright all-consuming love carried through decades, about the tragedy of the Holocaust and the courage of the Resistance. The novel was read as a revelation, especially against the backdrop of Jewish emigration and anti-Zionist propaganda.
Back in the 1950s, he began working on the novel Children of the Arbat. In 1964, he took it to Novy Mir. Tvardovsky read the manuscript in a day and really wanted to print it. The novel was announced for 1966, the author was even paid an advance, but they did not let it through.
"Children of the Arbat" was published only in 1987, in the journal "Friendship of Peoples". With the release of the novel, the circulation of the magazine increased from 150,000 to 1,200,000 copies.
The novel, along with the film "Repentance" by Abuladze, has become a symbol of perestroika. And brought the author worldwide fame. The novel was published in 52 countries!
Based on Rybakov's personal experiences, the novel "Children of the Arbat" and its continuation of the trilogy "Thirty-fifth and other years" (book 1, 1988; book 2 - Fear, 1990; book 3 - Dust and Ashes, 1994) recreates the fate of the 1930 generation years, a time of great losses and tragedies. The author of the novel seeks to reveal the mechanism of totalitarian power, to understand the "phenomenon" of Stalin and Stalinism.
In 2004, based on the novel "Children of the Arbat", a serial film of the same name was released.
In the 90s, when the Soviet Union collapsed, Anatoly Rybakov, not accepting the changes, left for the United States, but did not emigrate. He actually came to his homeland for 4-5 months to keep abreast of everything that was happening, took part in the literary and social life of Russia. Rybakov was very worried about the fate of his generation - a generation of idealists who believed that it was possible to improve the human race and create a just society.
Until the last days of his life, Anatoly Rybakov remained an optimist, a lover of life because of his fighting character. Rybakov managed to joke even on the operating table. On the second day after the bypass operation, in June 1998, he, as if nothing had happened, was signing autographs for the nurses of the clinic, who turned out to be Russian emigrants, and planned to return to the table for another manuscript.
And he decided on the operation for the sake of readers who wanted to trace the fate of the Arbat children in the third and fourth generations. At the age of 87, Rybakov continued to work, wrote by hand, passed what was written to his wife Tanya, she retyped it on a computer - and editing began.
The doctors said (in America doctors do not hide anything from the patient) that they could not guarantee him the six years required to carry out this latest author's plan. The unthinkable can happen at any moment. Moreover, the doctors did not promise him the preservation of his ability to work.
“I have fulfilled my life’s work,” said Rybakov. – Wrote a novel about the Stalin era and published it during his lifetime. He also wrote an autobiography, as if summing up ("Roman-remembrance"). Now I get six years. I want to write a novel about the end of the 20th century, about the history of the destruction of first the Soviet Union, and now Russia.
The operation was performed by the famous surgeon Subramanian, an Indian by nationality, according to the latest technique, without opening the chest, and the operation itself and the postoperative period seemed to be fine. Ahead - six years!
Six months later, on December 23, 1998, Rybakov, having gone to bed, did not wake up. He was buried on January 6, 1999 in Moscow at the Novo-Kuznetsk cemetery.
Based on the writer's books, films and television films have been staged. In 1957, his novel "Ekaterina Voronina" was filmed, in 2005 the television series "Children of the Arbat" was released, in 2008 - the television series "Heavy Sand". According to his scripts, the novels "Kortik" (1954), "The Adventures of Krosh" (1961), "The Bronze Bird" (1973), "The Last Summer of Childhood" (1974) were filmed, the series "Unknown Soldier" (1984) was filmed.

Anatoly Naumovich Rybakov; Russia Moscow; 01/01/1911 - 12/23/1998

Books by Anatoly Rybakov need no introduction. They have been published in more than 52 countries around the world. The total circulation of Rybakov's books has exceeded 20 million copies, and more than half of his works have been filmed. So at the moment, based on the books of Anatoly Rybakov, 13 feature films and television series have been shot.

Biography of Anatoly Rybakov

Anatoly Naumovich Rybakov was born in the village of Derzhanovka, Chernihiv province. His father A.B. Aronov was a distiller and well known in professional circles as the author of many specialized books and publications. Aranov sent his son to study in Moscow. This was already after the revolution in 1919. At first, Anatoly Rybakov studied at the former Khvostovskaya gymnasium, but he graduated from the eighth and ninth grades at the Moscow Experimental Commune School. After leaving school, he worked as a loader and driver at the Dorogomilovsky chemical plant, until in 1930 he entered the Moscow Institute of Transport Engineers. He studied at the institute for three years, and then was arrested and exiled for three years for anti-Soviet propaganda.

After the exile ended, Anatoly Rybakov did not have the right to live in large cities, and following the advice of one of his acquaintances from the Arbat, he did not appear near large industrial facilities. Nevertheless, in 1938 he became the chief engineer of the Ryazan Regional Department of Motor Transport, where he worked until the start of the war. With the outbreak of war, Anatoly Rybakov was drafted into the Red Army, where he served in the automobile troops. As he happened to participate in many companies in different sectors of the front. By the end of the war, he received the rank of major of engineering troops and, most importantly, his recognition as having no criminal record. Anatoly Rybakov was fully rehabilitated already in 1960.

Anatoly Rybakov's first book, Dirk, was published in 1947. The story received a lot of rave reviews and already in 1954 it was filmed, and in 1973 it was re-shot. Anatoly Rybakov's first novel, The Driver, came out three years later. And five years later, the novel "Ekaterina Voronina" was released, which was already filmed in 1957. But Rybakov does not leave youth literature either, continuing his story "Kortik" and starting a new series about the adventures of Krosh. By the way, this series of books is also filmed. At the same time, he is working on his work "Children of the Arbat", which has become the most significant in the writer's work. This novel will see the light only in 1987. Moreover, the interest in the novel by Anatoly Rybakov "Children of the Arbat" will be so high that the book will have a sequel. Anatoly Rybakov's last book, Roman Memoirs, was published in 1997. A year later, the writer died.

Books by Anatoly Rybakov on the Top Books website

Anatoly Rybakov's books are quite popular to read. And interest is shown not only in the trilogy "Children of the Arbat" but also in the youthful works of the writer. So books about the adventures of Krosh and of course the story "Kortik" are enviably popular. And it is quite possible that they will be included in our rating. Well, the books of the trilogy "Children of the Arbat" took high places in our rating and rating. And given the stability of interest in them, they will certainly be presented in our subsequent ratings.

Anatoly Rybakov list of books

Adventures of Misha Polyakov and his friends:

1. bronze bird
2. Shot

A. N. Rybakov(Aronov) was born on January 1 (14), 1911 in Chernigov into a Jewish family of engineer Naum Borisovich Aronov and his wife Dina Abramovna Rybakova.

From 1919 he lived in Moscow, on the Arbat, 51. He studied at the former Khvostovskaya gymnasium in Krivoarbatsky lane. Yuri Dombrovsky studied at the same school and at the same time. He graduated from the eighth and ninth grades at the Moscow Experimental Commune School (abbreviated MOPSHK) in 2nd Obydensky Lane on Ostozhenka. The school arose as a commune of Komsomol members who returned from the fronts of the civil war.

After leaving school, he worked at the Dorogomilovsky chemical plant, as a loader, then as a driver.

In 1930 he entered the Moscow Institute of Transport Engineers.

On November 5, 1933, he was arrested and by a special meeting of the OGPU collegium was sentenced to three years of exile under Article 58-10 (Counter-revolutionary agitation and propaganda). At the end of the exile, not having the right to live in cities with a passport regime, he wandered around Russia. Worked where it is not necessary to fill out questionnaires. From 1938 to November 1941 he worked as the chief engineer of the Ryazan Regional Motor Transport Administration.

From November 1941 to 1946 he served in the Soviet army in the automobile units. He participated in battles on various fronts, from the defense of Moscow to the storming of Berlin. The last position was the head of the auto service of the 4th Guards Rifle Corps, the rank was Major Engineer. "For distinction in battles with the Nazi invaders" recognized as having no criminal record.

In 1960 he was completely rehabilitated.

A. N. Rybakov died on December 23, 1998 in New York. He was buried at the Kuntsevo cemetery in Moscow.

Poet, prose writer and essayist Alexei Makushinsky is the son of Anatoly Rybakov. Writer Maria Rybakova - granddaughter of A. N. Rybakov

Anatoly Rybakov was president of the Soviet PEN Center (1989-1991), secretary of the board of the Union of Writers of the USSR (since 1991). PhD from Tel Aviv University.

With difficulty because of the unusual subject matter, the novel Heavy Sand (1978), which made its way into the Soviet press and immediately brought immense popularity to Rybakov, tells about the life of a Jewish family in the 1910-1940s in one of the multinational towns of Western Ukraine, decades later, about the tragedy of the "Holocaust" and the courage of the Resistance. This pinnacle work of the writer combined all the colors of his artistic palette, adding to them philosophy, craving for historical analysis and mystical symbolism (the image of the main character, beautiful lover, then wife and mother Rachel on the last pages is like a semi-real personification of the anger and revenge of the Jewish people).

Based on Rybakov's personal experiences, the novel Children of the Arbat (1987) and its continuation of the trilogy Thirty-fifth and Other Years (book 1, 1988; book 2 - Fear, 1990; book 3 - Dust and Ashes, 1994) recreates the fate of the generation 1930- 1990s, seeking to reveal the mechanism of totalitarian power. Among the writer's other works are the story The Unknown Soldier (1970) and the autobiographical Novel-Memoirs (1997). Anatoly Rybakov is a laureate of the State Prizes of the USSR and the RSFSR.