Aivazovsky in Feodosia, the presentation is ready. The good genius of Feodosia

Are you here: Health

1. Collector Bakhrushin

Tell us what you collect or would like to collect. Argument. Who were or would be the first viewers of your collection?

The desire to collect, to one degree or another, is quite natural for any person. It was founded in antiquity, when people were busy collecting food and items that could help them improve their homes. Now, from a psychological point of view, collecting helps a person reduce personal anxiety and a sense of imperfection in our world, and also gives a feeling of calm and confidence. Collecting is especially inherent in children, many of today's adults collected something in their childhood. It can be said that while creating a collection, some amuse this "child" in their soul.

Personally, I can not attribute myself to the type of people who like to collect, my attitude to things is purely practical. If I wanted to collect a large number of certain items, it would only be for the purpose of using them all at once. Therefore, collecting the same coins for me is a strange process.

But if I were to become a collector, then (as an unconditional supporter of information innovations) I would carefully store the most successful electronic messages from my friends and relatives, because this is a powerful tool for psychological support and protection from modern stress.

2. Aivazovsky in Feodosia

Write a detailed summary. Describe your favorite piece of art, including a few facts about the artist's biography.

Aivazovsky's painting "The Ninth Wave", painted in 1850, made a huge impression on me. Its name is taken from the popular belief that in the general rhythm of rolling waves, one, the ninth, noticeably stands out with its power and size among others.

The painting depicts an early morning after a night storm. The first rays of the sun illuminate the raging ocean. A huge "ninth wave" is ready to fall on a group of people seeking salvation on the wreckage of the masts. I imagine what a terrible thunderstorm passed at night, what a disaster the crew of the ship suffered, how the sailors died. I think of how they passed the test with honor, constantly supporting each other.

The confrontation between people and the elements is the theme of the picture. There is meaning in the struggle, in the will of man to salvation, in his faith. And people survive when, according to all laws, they were destined to die!

The extraordinary realism of the picture is striking. No one at that time in the image of the sea elements could achieve this. The picture combined a lot of things seen and experienced by the artist himself. He especially remembered the storm he experienced in the Bay of Biscay in 1844. The storm was so devastating that the ship was considered sunk. The newspapers even reported on the death of a young Russian painter, whose name was then already well known.

This picture found a wide response at the time of its appearance and remains to this day one of the most popular in Russian painting.

3. Lily of the valley

Express your opinion on existing environmental problems by including in the discussion a commentary on the words of Ralph Waldo Emerson: “Nature is an ever-changing cloud; never remaining the same, it always remains itself.

Nature is infinite, there is no random and superfluous in it - everything is reasonable and interconnected. That is why she is perfect.

But a part of nature itself, the crown of its evolution - man - has become a serious threat to its perfection.

The development of world technological progress, the increase in the population and the irrational use of the Earth's natural resources have led to the emergence of serious global environmental problems. The man of the 21st century has become a threat to himself.

Today, there are a lot of environmental problems. But one of those to which we, the inhabitants of Donbass, cannot remain indifferent is the shallowing and pollution of the Sea of Azov. The main reason for this problem is the increase in the withdrawal of water from the Kuban and Don rivers flowing into the sea. As a result, the water in the sea has become more salty, which harms fish, especially sturgeon, and aquatic vegetation. If nothing is done in the next decade, our beloved Azov will simply turn into a swamp, and people will lose a unique natural phenomenon so useful for improving health.

4. The feat of Miklukho-Maclay

Write a detailed summary.

Tell us about the great scientist who, like Miklukho-Maclay, thought about the future of the people.

The magnitude of a scientific discovery (and the popularity of its author) is, of course, determined by its practical significance for people. The great Greek mathematician and mechanic Archimedes is the author of numerous discoveries and inventions, fanned by legends and still useful. It was while taking a bath that the scientist figured out how to determine the volume of an irregularly shaped object. With a cry of "Eureka!" he discovered the basic law of hydrostatics: the volume of a body is equal to the volume of the liquid displaced by it. He built a system of blocks, with the help of which he was able to launch a heavy multi-deck ship with one movement of his hand. This invention allowed Archimedes to say: "Give me a foothold, and I will turn the world!"

But the scientist's contemporaries, the inhabitants of Syracuse, commemorate his name with kindness, because he helped them defeat the Roman invaders. He built powerful throwing machines, cranes that capture enemy ships (the so-called "claws of Archimedes"), collected more than seventy smoothly polished shields and, focusing the sun's rays on them, set fire to the enemy fleet.

Such was the miraculous power of one man, one talent, that a contemporary of the scientist, the historian Polybius, believed that the Romans could quickly take over the city if someone removed one elder from among the Syracusans.

5. F.M. Dostoevsky

F.M. Dostoevsky "loved to peer into the faces, figures, gait, gestures of people." Try to describe yourself too: face, figure, gait, gestures, facial expressions, characteristic features, etc. Draw up your observations in the form of a portrait sketch.

Each person is surrounded by more or less people. We know well and can describe members of our family, our friends and acquaintances, many celebrities. But do we know ourselves, do we look closely at our own face, figure, gait, gestures?

I carefully look in the mirror ... A slender short girl with fluffy dark blond hair to her shoulders is staring at me. For friends, her gaze is open and friendly, she often looks at unpleasant people with a frown, frowningly. Let small, but attentive ... eyes - the mirror of my soul - are hidden from strangers by long eyelashes.

I, like every modern girl, try to take care of myself, lead a healthy lifestyle, so my skin is smooth, bright, in the fresh air a blush appears on my cheeks.

In clothes, I prefer youth style: jeans, blouses and T-shirts in light colors, comfortable sports shoes - this is a modest frame for my portrait. I do not like brightness, showiness, neither in movements, nor in deeds, nor in cosmetics. In my opinion, the main condition of beauty is naturalness.

6. Learn to speak and write

Write a detailed summary.

Do you agree with D. Likhachev's opinion that "a person's language is his worldview and his behavior"? Justify your answer by including a story about the brightest impression of this school year.

It was with great pleasure that I read the article by the outstanding Russian philologist D.S. Likhachev, I really liked her. I, of course, agree with Academician Likhachev that it is the language and speech of a person that is the most vivid reflection of his worldview and behavior.

As a person speaks, so, therefore, he thinks. Therefore, the surest way to recognize a person is to listen to what and how he says. Then it will be possible to say a lot about his views, and about his character, and about his possible behavior in various situations.

Therefore, one must constantly monitor one's speech - oral or written. No wonder there is such a saying: "My tongue is my enemy." And he must be a friend of man! Therefore, before you say, you need to think carefully and weigh every word.

Language cannot be good or bad... After all, language is only a mirror, an indicator of the speaker's personal qualities. Recently, I once again was able to verify this. Albeit in connection with sad events, but with great pleasure I watched an interview with one of the most talented poets of our time - Yevgeny Yevtushenko. How beautifully and interestingly this man told about the events of his life and the life of a whole generation, about interesting people with whom fate brought him together. And in his stories, for me, the extraordinary personality of the poet was revealed. Socrates was right when he said: “Speak so that I can see you!” In the mass, all people seem similar, rather standard, but as soon as a person speaks, his personal, individual merits are deeply revealed.

7. The feat of Ivan Fedorov

Write a detailed summary.

Reasonably answer the question: how do you understand the expression "book printed culture" and why "time is the best judge"?

Book printing culture (that is, modern book printing) today, in the era of information technology, is undergoing significant changes, transforming the thinking of both the creator and the reader. Most of all, these processes are associated with the concept of clip thinking. Some researchers argue that modern young people do not like and do not want to read, preferring to learn about the world not through text, but through videos and video games, it is easier for them to work with hypertext from short fragments than with long linear text. Such scholars predict that the book of the future will be a dictionary of short, cross-linking entries. Will it be so? Time will tell - the best means of testing the strength of any innovation.

But today we can safely say that people continue to read books - thin and thick, for children and adults. Moreover, despite the competitive existence of electronic books, the printed book and the printed press do not give up their positions. So far, many readers prefer the printed word, the very process of communicating with the book. Yes, and the writers themselves believe that the text posted on the Internet is perceived as a manuscript and cannot compete with the published printed edition, which provides them with real recognition and popularity.

8. From the history of the book

Write a detailed summary.

Reflect on the problem posed by the author in the text: what will be the book of the future? What book would you like to read?

The book has existed for a very long time, being the oldest carrier of information. Primitive people transmitted such information through rock paintings. A little later we switched to birch bark. There were also clay tablets and papyrus scrolls. Then the Chinese invented paper. Even later, they came up with letters, began to rewrite books by hand, until the printing press was invented. As a result, we have a modern book - a non-periodical publication consisting of paper sheets on which textual and graphic information is printed or handwritten.

But the world does not stand still. We are all witnessing a huge breakthrough in the field of information technology. This also applies to books. For example, there are e-books. This allows you to solve the problem of storing large amounts of information and refuse expensive paper. I think that soon the book, as such, will completely switch to electronic media. I would like it to increase its informativeness and visibility. It would be very interesting to read a book about adventures with "live", animated illustrations.

A person will always need new information. And what will be the book of the future, it does not matter. The important thing is to read it!

9. Choosing a life goal

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How do you understand the phrase "vital goal"? Formulate your main life task. Justify your choice.

We all strive for something in our lives. We want to become someone, have something, go somewhere. Purpose in life is a beacon, without which it is easy to get lost on the path of life.

A person must consciously choose his life goal. From what goal he chooses, his self-esteem will depend. After all, everyone evaluates himself according to the goals that he sets for himself. Only a worthy goal allows a person to live his life with dignity and get real joy. It is important at the same time that our goals do not harm us: do not spoil our relationships with loved ones, do not harm others.

For me, the "vital goal" at the moment is to obtain a cherished profession. I believe that this is a very important and responsible step. After all, a favorite job makes a person’s life truly interesting, and an inappropriate one turns it into a heavy burden.

10. Swan Temple

Write a detailed summary.

Tell a legend or story associated with a famous temple, including a detailed description of the architectural structure in your retelling.

Each Orthodox church, seemingly created according to certain general architectural canons, is unique and beautiful in its own way.

St. Basil's Cathedral was erected on Red Square in Moscow in the middle of the 16th century by order of Ivan the Terrible. It was erected by Russian architects Barma and Postnik to commemorate the conquest of the Kazan Khanate. According to legend, so that the architects could not create anything better, Tsar Ivan IV, upon completion of construction, ordered them to be blinded.

St. Basil's Cathedral consists of nine churches on one foundation. The cathedral is built of brick. The central part is crowned with a high magnificent tent with a "fiery" decor almost to the middle of its height. Surround the tent on all sides of the dome, none of which is like the other. Not only does the pattern of the large bulbous domes differ; if you look closely, it is easy to see that the finish of each drum is unique.

The main thing in the appearance of the temple is that it is devoid of a clearly expressed facade. From which side you approach the cathedral, it seems that it is precisely this side that is the main one.

More than once this unique monument of Russian architecture could be irretrievably lost. It was mined, but the French could not blow it up in 1812, Kaganovich in the 30s, clearing Red Square for parades, removed this temple from its layout, but Stalin ordered: “Lazar, put it in its place!”

And today we see in its pristine beauty this monument to the Faith and Talent of a person, one would like to hope - forever.

11. Tsar Bell and Tsar Cannon

Write a detailed summary.

Describe your impression of the sound of a bell or organ, piano or violin, including in the description a brief retelling of a work of art that mentions one of these musical instruments.

Everyone has a different attitude to music, but everyone sees its important role in the life and destiny of man and mankind. So, for example, K. Balmont wrote about it this way: “The whole life of the world is surrounded by music. When the earth, at its creation, was already ready for life, there was still no life. there was a splash in the waves, and a rumble in the forest peaks. Through this, music arose in the world, and the world became alive. "

And it is true. There is nothing in the world more alive than music. And the violin seems to me the most alive of all instruments, especially in the hands of a master. In his book The Condemnation of Paganini, Anatoly Vinogradov repeatedly described the impression that the play of a genius made on the audience. As a boy, he extracted sounds from an instrument that was huge for his height, overlapping both the choir and the orchestra. It seemed that not one, but ten violins sang. Even the priest, always turned to God, felt a quivering excitement in the blood and all the charm of a sinful life.

12. Amazing woman

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What kind of people do you think are good people? Have you met such people in your life? Complete the presentation with a short story about them.

"Kindness is what the deaf can hear and the blind can see," said Mark Twain. What is kindness and who are kind people?

It is said that a bright person is best seen in the dark. And in our difficult time, we are seeing examples of true kindness. People with big hearts share their last piece of bread and shelter with the homeless, donate blood to help the wounded, organize volunteer centers to help the displaced.

And if you "get personal", then I would like to mention a person who did not leave me indifferent. I think that an example of a truly kind person for my contemporaries can be an intensive care physician, founder of the Fair Help Foundation, Elizaveta Glinka. It was she who for many years provided palliative care, fed and clothed the homeless, gave them shelter; it was she who, under bullets, took out sick and wounded children from the Donbass to the best hospitals in Moscow and St. Petersburg; it was she who organized a shelter for children with amputated limbs, where they undergo rehabilitation after the hospital.

I wish there were more truly good people. After all, kindness is the basis of relationships between people. The world stands on it. He has stood and will stand.

13. What unites people

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In my opinion, nothing is impossible in the world. All people are subject to any obstacles. If each person starts with himself, this will be his contribution to the process of changing the whole of humanity. Only it is necessary to engage in self-education and self-improvement urgently, not to put this matter on the back burner. And you can start by joining the good.

Good has many faces: someone fed the birds in winter, collected toys and books for children in an orphanage. To smile at a passerby, to say a kind word - and this is also kindness. Warm participation can replace a gift on a holiday, help the patient recover faster, cheer up at a sad moment.

I am especially pleased to surround my grandmother with care, who gave me so much warmth and kindness in my life! She taught them to share, not sparing the reserves of the soul for people.

14. From papyrus to modern book

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Tell us about a book you would enjoy reading. What and who should it be about?

There are a large number of books that have been relevant for many centuries. Your ancestors read them, your children and great-grandchildren will read them.

What is the phenomenon of "ageless books", their "eternal youth"? In my humble opinion, the reason is the philosophical issues they raise.

The heroes of almost all Shakespeare's tragedies struggle to solve issues that still concern everyone. Whether to fight the world's evil or come to terms with it - "to be or not to be" - a dilemma that tormented not only Prince Hamlet, but many subsequent generations. What actions you can take for the sake of your love, which does not suit others, is the problem not only of Romeo and Juliet, but also of thousands of other young lovers.

The novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" raises the issue of the relationship between two generations, their eternal conflict. And how can such a book become obsolete?!

Old man Santiago, the hero of Ernest Hemingway's famous story, not only with his contemporaries, but also with all generations of readers, shares an important life principle: "Man is not born to suffer defeat."

This is how timeless and defeat real literary masterpieces are!

15. Types of memory

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Do an introspection and tell us which types of memory prevail in you. Why did you make such a conclusion? Argument.

Many people underestimate the importance of memory for self-development and argue like this: “Why train memory if the main thing is not the amount of memorized material, but its quality.” This is true, but studies show that by developing memory, we develop our abilities, especially creative ones.

It seems to me that it is especially important to develop different types of memory over time.

Instantaneous memory is developed in almost everyone. It is rather an image that we get from a collision with some event. The duration of instant memory is from 0.1 to 0.5 seconds.

It is good when a person has developed working memory. Its duration is up to 20 seconds. It has such an important property as volume. Here I need to work on increasing the amount of RAM. For most people, it varies from 5 to 9 units of information. Sherlock Holmes probably had a short-term memory of more than ten.

I also, like any person, constantly need to develop long-term memory,

allowing information to be stored indefinitely. The more you repeat important information, the more it is imprinted. This requires developed thinking and willpower, but it is this memory that provides us with knowledge.

16. Functions of the Russian language

Write a detailed summary.

Remember the two functions of the language that M. Panov considered the main ones (language is a means of communication and a means of thought) and write a poetic or prose ode to the Russian language or word.

For me, the Russian language is not a set of certain lexical constructions, thanks to which people can transmit information to each other, but a palette for bright, lively feelings and sensations. When I speak Russian, using the full breadth of its vocabulary, I open my soul, show my character to the fullest.

This language was used by Pushkin, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Tyutchev, Lermontov, who are recognized and admired not only at home, but also far beyond its borders. After all, it is Russian literature that is considered one of the greatest cultural assets of the world, because it is capable of both warming the heart and piercing it with a sharp spear of protest, captivating with passion and making it cold with horror. And most importantly, she was able to reflect the mysterious Russian soul, which no one could understand, because people of another nation will never be able to believe that a Russian person, neglecting the laws of self-preservation, would prefer spiritual goods to material goods.

Only a great people could be given such a great language. That is why we are a Russian-speaking great and strong state. Each word conveys the strongest spirit of our people, and the richer the language, the stronger the spirit of the nation, the stronger its cultural and historical heritage.

17. Many-sided Kuprin

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Reflect on the questions: Which books do not age? Who and what are they about? Tell us about one of these books.

Everyone has their own preferences, especially in works of art. I think there are no people who do not read books - everyone reads. And everyone chooses what is closer to his liking: historical novels, philosophical essays, detective stories. But there are books that are universal, not subject to time and personal inclinations, that do not leave anyone indifferent - eternal books. Such books make you think about a person in general and about yourself, about the meaning of human life, about happiness and ways to achieve it. Shakespeare and Pushkin, Dostoevsky and Balzac, Sholokhov and Remarque wrote about this.

The book that fascinated me was Ernest Hemingway's short story "The Old Man and the Sea". I understand that not only me, since she brought her author the Nobel Prize. In the center of the story is the forced duel of man with the natural world, of which he himself is a part. And a person comes out of this test with honor, because, according to the author, a person can even be destroyed, but it is impossible to win! This book teaches us to be wise and, realizing that nothing in the world comes easy, never give up.

18. Boyar Morozova

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If you were an artist who conceived a historical picture, what and who would it be about? Justify your choice.

The history of any state and all mankind is made up of massive epoch-making events and the fate of individuals. And it seems to me that it is easier for the viewer to understand a major historical event by seeing it through the eyes of an ordinary participant. Therefore, in the center of my picture were the fates and images of ordinary people.

If I created, like Ilya Glazunov, the cycle “On the Kulikovo Field”, then I would make the central characters not the Russian princes, and not even their combatants, but simple peasant warriors who abandoned their unplowed fields to protect their native land from enemies.

If I would write the battle of Borodino, then I would make that “uncle” from the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov, who, under the command of the brave colonel, swore to "die near Moscow" in order to defend the fatherland.

I would make an ordinary soldier, a nurse, a partisan, a penal battalion soldier as heroes of pictures about the Great Patriotic War, because death for the homeland makes everyone equal and equally worthy!

And I could also paint a picture about today's everyday life of my Republic, whose people are defending its borders, working, studying, defending their independence and personal human dignity.

19. Tchaikovsky and nature

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Why, in your opinion, the servant P.I. Tchaikovsky called the process of composing music a "holy deed"? Talk about the impact music has on you.

A sacred cause... They speak so highly of an extremely noble and important cause. About what is revered and highly valued by people. Writing music is one of those things. Why? Because, probably, music has a huge impact on a person. It can mobilize people for completely overwhelming work, raise morale, cheer up and cheer, gives self-confidence. On the other hand, it helps to relax, calms, even makes you sad.

Music is the most diverse and which one to listen to, a person chooses based on his personal preferences. I am not a fan, but a person trying to join classical music. And it's not so easy.

This kind of music is always needed. She brings us a dream, calls to that country where no problems and trifles can cool love, where no one will take away our happiness.

I'm not a fan, but a person trying to join classical music. And it's not so easy. No one will listen to classical music, throwing the latest news at recess or pushing their way to the counter in the buffet. We don’t wear evening dresses when we go to throw out the garbage, we don’t cook a cake with whipped cream every morning for breakfast. Serious music is a "delicacy" from the holiday menu, it's "diamonds" from family jewels. And the time of serious music, I think, comes to every person, as well as the time of big decisions, big love. Such music is always needed, and even more so in our (overly rationalistic) time. She brings us a dream, calls to that country where no problems and trifles can cool love, where no one will take away our happiness.

Effect great Russian artist I.K. Aivazovsky in the fact that he seemed to have been in all storms, drowned in every shipwreck, took part in all sea battles and wrote about it in his beautiful paintings. Therefore, looking at the paintings of Aivazosky, it is impossible to get rid of the effect of presence. He often said: "The sea is cruel, but a man is helpless in the sea!"
AT July 17, 2017 marks the 200th anniversary of I.K. Aivazovsky, romantic marine painter, master of the Russian classical landscape, conveying the beauty and power of the sea element on the canvas.
In Feodosia, I.K. Aivazovsky lived a long life full of creative fire and indomitable energy. In Feodosia, the artist was born and died at the age of 83.
As soon as finances allowed, Aivazovsky settled in his native Feodosia on the Black Sea coast, where he bought a plot and built a house on it, reminiscent of Italian palazzos in style.
The mansion was always full of guests - many visitors wanted to see the famous artist and his work. Over time, Aivazovsky turned it into a private museum open to visitors and added a gallery. Today it is the building of the Feodosiya National Art Gallery. Aivazovsky.
In his own house on the Black Sea coast in Feodosia, Aivazovsky worked in his workshop and he lived there for more than half a century.

At the main facade of the artist's house there is a bronze monument, on the pedestal of which there is a laconic inscription: "Feodosia - to Aivazovsky".
In this short phrase, grateful descendants put a great feeling of admiration, pride and deep respect for their famous countryman, the first Honorary Citizen of Feodosia, who did a lot for the economic and cultural development of the city.
In addition to opening an art gallery in Feodosia, Aivazovsky in 1871, according to his own project and at his own expense, built the building of an archaeological museum, and became one of the organizers of the first public library.
He constantly cares about the architectural appearance of his native city. With his participation, the buildings of the concert hall, summer cottages of the famous publicist and editor of the newspaper "New Time" A.S. Suvorin were designed and built.
According to the project of the artist and thanks to his energy, a commercial seaport and a railway were built.
Fountain of I. K. Aivazovsky- a kind of visiting card of Feodosia.
The city has long experienced difficulties with water supply, fresh water was sorely lacking. In July 1888, the writer A.P. Chekhov, who was visiting Feodosia, wrote: ": There are no trees and grass in Feodosia:". The problem was solved in 1887, when, in order to improve the water supply of the city, I.K. Aivazovsky donated to the city 50 thousand buckets of water daily from the Su-Bash estate (now the village of Aivazovskoye, Kirov district).
The construction of the water pipeline was carried out in the spring - summer of 1888, the city spent 231,689 rubles on its construction, a very large amount for those times. The city received water already in September, and on October 1 (September 18, according to the old style), 1888, on the day of the official opening of the water supply, a fountain was launched on Novo-Bazaarnaya Square.
In its form, the fountain is a rectangular building of the oriental style with large roof sheds, built of local shell stone, stone cladding is partially preserved. The fountain was built at the expense and according to the project of I.K. Aivazovsky. Its laying took place on September 12, 1887 after a service in the Feodosia Alexander Nevsky Cathedral.
The City Duma was going to name the fountain after Alexander III, the relevant documents were prepared and sent to the authorities. Without waiting for a decision, the city authorities prepared a mortgage plate on which the words "Emperor Alexander" were engraved.
However, taking into account the merits of I.K. Aivazovsky, the Supreme Decree, which followed in September 1888, was ordered to give the fountain the name of the great artist. In this regard, instead of the words "Emperor Alexander", the words "I. K. Aivazovsky" were knocked out on the foundation slab of the fountain, apparently there was no money for a new slab, so it was decided to cut out its center with an inscription and insert a block with a new text . If you look closely at the mortgage plate, then before the first letter in the name of I. K. Aivazovsky, you can clearly see the details of the letter "I" of a larger size, from the word "Emperor", and after the end of the name of the detail of the letter "A" from the word "Alexander".
A fee was charged for using the Feodosian-Subash water supply, but they drank water from the fountain for free. In the center of the fountain, above the tap, there was a silver mug with the inscription: "Drink to the health of Ivan Konstantinovich and his family." some time later, an oriental-style pavilion appeared near the fountain (the building has not been preserved): on the left there was a cheburek, on the right they prepared barbecue, the cafe was called "Fountain". In the warm season, tables were set up behind a light fence right under the open sky. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, this corner of the city was very popular with the townspeople.

Bronze monument to Aivazovsky in Feodosia was installed on a granite pedestal in 1930. It was built by the Russian sculptor Ilya Gintsburg. It is important that the sculptor personally knew Aivazovsky, he remembered the artist's favorite poses and that is how he depicted him in his work. The monument in Feodosia was erected by the inhabitants of the city as a token of gratitude to the great marine painter and well-known philanthropist.
Ivan Konstantinovich took an active part in the development of the city. He presented Feodosia with a railway, water supply and his art gallery with thousands of unsurpassed works.
The great artist is depicted at the moment of creation - he confidently sits leaning back a little, his sleeve is pinned so as not to smear it with paint (they say that this is exactly what Aivazovsky did). In his left hand is a palette, and his gaze is fixed on the sea, the Feodosia Gulf spreads out in front of him. There should have been a brush in the right hand, but immediately after the installation of the monument, a strange “tradition” appeared - the brush is constantly stolen.
The monument is covered with patina, this is the resulting layer of green film due to exposure to moisture for a long time.
Monument to Aivazovsky in Feodosia stands at the main entrance to the art gallery. Simple words are carved on the pedestal: "Theodosius - to Aivazovsky."

Feodosia is celebrating the anniversary of a man whose name is forever associated with the city - 200 years since the birth of the great marine painter Ivan Aivazovsky. Recently, a memorial sign dedicated to the famous artist was opened in the city: another gratitude from descendants.

All the awards did not fit on the frock coat

Did you know that Aivazovsky was the most decorated artist of the Russian Empire? To him - which rarely happens - recognition, honors and glory came during his lifetime. Some of the awards of the famous marine painter can be seen in the Feodosia Aivazovsky Art Gallery.

“By the grace of God, We, Alexander III, the Emperor and Autocrat of All Russia, the Tsar of Poland, the Grand Duke of Finland ... Privy Councilor Ivan Aivazovsky ... In consideration of your zealous service and concern for the prosperity of Theodosius, to which you devoted yourself simultaneously with the acquisition of worldwide fame for your artistic works ... We have granted you a Cavalier of the Imperial and Royal Order of our White Eagle ... "

Portrait of Aivazovsky with orders and stars. A photo:

One of the ceremonial portraits of Ivan Konstantinovich, with awards, has survived to this day. Of course, Aivazovsky didn’t put on all the orders, they simply wouldn’t fit on a frock coat - after all, he had all the highest awards in Russia, the same White Eagle, Alexander Nevsky, not to mention the Vladimirs and Annas. Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, a silver star with a monogram and the inscription "For Labor and the Fatherland", as it were, symbolizes the whole life of Aivazovsky. And he devoted himself to his work selflessly - according to his own statement, he created six thousand paintings in his life; and served the fatherland for the good - it is worth remembering his paintings, glorifying the Russian fleet.

The first of the foreign artists, Aivazovsky was awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor - such a strong impression was made on the French by his exhibition in the Louvre. The picture "Chaos" - one of the two painted by Aivazovsky in a mystical genre atypical for him, was acquired by the Vatican, and Pope Gregory XVI awarded the artist with a gold medal. Listing all the awards of Ivan Konstantinovich is a long business. Although there were those that he did not like to remember. In 1857, Aivazovsky visited Constantinople and presented one of his paintings to a compatriot. And he, in turn, presented it to the Sultan, who appreciated painting. The Turkish ruler was so impressed with the canvas that he sent an order to Feodosia: several views of the Bosphorus by Aivazovsky. Forty works were written by the artist for the Sultan, and, by the way, the peace treaty between Turkey and Russia at the end of the Russian-Turkish war was signed in a hall decorated with paintings by Aivazovsky. The highest Turkish award - the Order of Osman - was awarded to the painter. And a few decades later, he threw it, along with other Turkish awards, into the sea - after the monstrous massacre of Armenians carried out in Turkey by its new ruler. About how he did with the awards, Aivazovsky even considered it necessary to notify the Turkish consul, adding that the Sultan could do the same with his paintings.

Feodosia Art Gallery named after I.K. Aivazovsky

The museum keeps the so-called "addresses" - artistically executed and decorated with silver folders, which were presented for anniversaries and solemn dates. There are also personal belongings of Aivazovsky - an elegant hiking album that Aivazovsky carried with him, a tiny, postage stamp-sized miniature with a sea view: this is ... a brooch. Ivan Konstantinovich gave such trinkets of his own work to friends and acquaintances.

The good genius of Feodosia

Orders and stars of Ivan Aivazovsky. Photo: Feodosia Art Gallery named after I.K. Aivazovsky

Ivan Konstantinovich had such a trait: he was easily carried away, easily moved from words to deeds, and usually achieved success. Here is an example: in 1853-1856, Aivazovsky became interested in archeology. And in his own way, he decided to take part in the scholarly discussion of historians about exactly where the ancient Theodosius was located. He was sure that for the most part - on the territory of the existing city. And, in fact, why discuss - you need to dig! With his characteristic energy, Aivazovsky received funds from the treasury and proceeded to excavate mounds in the vicinity of the city.

Here is how the curator of the Museum of Antiquities Yevgeny Frantsevich de Villeneuve reported on the first results: “22 mounds were opened ... In most of them, only broken amphoras, ashes, coal and burnt bones were found. The following items were found in four mounds: gold necklaces, earrings, a woman's head, a chain with a sphinx, a sphinx with a woman's head, a bull's head, plates; silver bracelets; clay figurines, medallions, vessels and a sarcophagus; silver and bronze coins. But then in one of the mounds, on the southernmost elevated point of Cape Ilya, a female burial was opened. Jewelry eloquently testified that the woman belonged to the "cream of society": they were not just gold, but also skillfully made. It was they who ended up in the Hermitage.

During the life of the great marine painter, not a single significant event for the city took place without his participation. Here, in Feodosia, young artists from different parts of Russia came together in the summer. The construction of a concert hall, a library, a new building for the Feodosia Museum of Antiquities - these are all, as they would say today, his projects. And how he stood up for the construction of a railway line from Dzhankoy to Feodosia! She appeared in 1892.

In Crimea, water has always been in short supply, and Eastern Crimea regularly suffered from drought. In 1887, Aivazovsky addressed the City Duma with a proposal: “Not being able to continue to witness the terrible disaster that the population of my native city suffers from lack of water from year to year, I give him 50 thousand buckets per day of clean water from the owned me from the Subash source. In the same year, work began on laying a water conduit - and a few years later an oriental-style fountain with drinking water appeared in the city.

Theodosians remember Aivazovsky not just as a great artist, a man of extraordinary talent and ability to work. For them, he was the good genius of his native city.

SUMMARY PLAN

1. Childhood and adolescence of Aivazovsky.

2. The amazing "skill of the artist with the same force and persuasiveness to convey a furious storm and the quiet expanse of the sea ..."

3. Spiritual work before writing the card "The Ninth Wave". “When Aivazovsky changed his mind and felt it all, then the hands themselves reached for the palette and brushes.”

4. General composition of the picture.

5. The overall color of the picture

6. Aivazovsky's bold innovation.

7. Harmony of romanticism and realism in the picture.

8. Aivazovsky is an unsurpassed master of the seascape.

9. Artistic method of Aivazovsky.

10. The paintings "The Ninth Wave", "The Black Sea" and "Among the Waves" are the pinnacle of Aivazovsky's pictorial skill.

When I was 10 years old, my parents took me to the sea for the first time. Since then, I just fell in love with him, which is probably why my favorite artist is I.K. Aivazovsky and his cartita “The Ninth Wave”.

Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky is one of the greatest Russian painters of the 19th century. Aivazovsky was born on July 29 (17 according to the old style) of July 1817 in Feodosia in the family of a bankrupt Armenian merchant. Until now, legends live in the city about a boy who painted with samovar coal on the whitewashed walls of the houses of the Armenian settlement. He grew up in Feodosia, and the most vivid impressions were connected with the sea; Navkrnoe therefore he devoted all his work to the image of the sea.

With the assistance of the governor, the talented teenager was admitted to the Tauride Gymnasium in 1831, and in 1833 he was enrolled in the Imperial Academy of Arts of St. Petersburg, from which he graduated with a large gold medal and with the right to travel to the Crimea, and then to Europe.

The position of the leading master was given to him immediately. Wide public recognition accompanied Aivazovsky from the very first steps. At the age of twenty-three, he was already famous. Not only compatriots, but also foreigners unanimously and enthusiastically recognized his superiority in marine painting. Not a single artist has risen to the perception of the sea as a living element, and only Aivazovsky, endowing it with all the shades of his feelings and experiences, managed to convey on the canvas the poetic idea of \u200b\u200bhis people about the sea as a formidable force, calling for courage, courage, struggle.

The image of the raging sea elements excited the imagination of many Russian poets. This is clearly reflected in the verses of Baratynsky. Readiness to fight and faith in the final victory are heard in his poems:

So now, ocean, I long for your storms

Worry, rise to the stone edges,

He amuses me, your formidable, wild roar,

Like the call of a long-desired battle,

As a powerful enemy, I have something flattering anger ...

Thus, the sea also entered the formed consciousness of the young Aivazovsky.

Amazing artistry. With equal force and persuasiveness, he was able to convey a furious storm and the calm expanse of the sea, the brilliance of the sun's rays sparkling on the water and the ripples of rain, the transparency of the sea depth and the snow-white foam of the waves. “The movement of living elements is elusive for the brush,” said Aivazovsky, “to write lightning, a gust of wind, a splash of a wave is unthinkable from nature. He was convinced that "a person who is not endowed with memory, preserving the impressions of wildlife, can be an excellent copyist, a living photographic apparatus, but never a true artist." He himself constantly observed the sea, but almost never drew from life.

Aivazovsky managed to embody in marine painting the feelings and thoughts that agitated the progressive people of his time, which gave a deep meaning and social significance to his art.

In recent years, many close people have passed away. But the death of Belinsky especially struck Aivazovsky. How many noble, beautiful thoughts Belinsky inspired in him during heated debates!

Among his previous paintings, Aivazovsky found "Surviving after a shipwreck." Belinsky once praised this picture. She spoke of courage. And now the time has come when courageous people have risen to fight for freedom.

The world was no longer as serene as it seemed to Aivazovsky just recently. Now is not the time to paint seascapes breathing peace. In Europe - barricades. In St. Petersburg, Belinsky was called a barricade man by the Puppeteers. And Vecchi, dear friend of his youth, also became a barricade, joining Giuseppe Garibaldi.

He will paint a picture that will excite and shock people. Belinsky spoke about such art...

But freedom did not celebrate the victory for long. The revolution was crushed. The hot idea of Aivazovsky went out. He never started painting. Days, weeks, months passed, a year passed ...

One day an Italian merchant ship came to Feodosia. The captain came to visit Aivazovsky. He told in a confidential whisper that the Italians are waiting for the return of Garibaldi from a foreign land, they believe in the coming victory ...

Thoughts about the unpainted picture awoke with renewed vigor. Aivazovsky closed himself off from everyone in the workshop. Days passed, but he did not touch the palette and brushes. For a long time he sat in an armchair with his eyes closed, his thoughts worked tirelessly. Childhood came to mind, how during the holidays the fishermen talk about terrible storms, about shipwrecks. Youth arose: wanderings in foreign lands but seas and oceans. Once, on the way from England to Spain in the Bay of Biscay, the ship was caught in a severe storm. All the passengers were mad with fear. The artist was also afraid. But even during these hours he could not leave the ability to admire the beautiful menacing picture of the storm. Miraculously, they then reached the Lisbon harbor.

Other storms also came to mind: in the Gulf of Finland, on the Black Sea. People died, but people won. Those who were bolder and did not give up to death, who passionately wanted to live, won. The storm receded before the courage of man. Human will! He knew about her firsthand, but saw her with his own eyes: on the sea, on land.

When Aivazovsky changed his mind and felt it all, then the hands themselves reached for the palette and brushes. Aivazovsky called his painting “The Ninth Wave”.

The thematic content of The Ninth Wave is built on the complex opposition of a dramatic plot and a bright, major, picturesque embodiment of the image.

The painting depicts an early morning after a stormy night. The sun was rising over the raging ocean. Its rays opened wide the bright scarlet gates into the coming day. And now it has only become possible to see everything that the darkness of the night had recently hidden. Huge waves are foaming, their furious crests are still rising. One of these waves is the highest. Her name is the ninth shaft. And in the foreground of the picture, on a fragment of the mast of a ship broken by a storm, a small group of people is saved.

The artist contrasted the fury of the elements with the courage and bravery of people fleeing on a wreck of a mast after a shipwreck. The crests of the ramparts rise above their heads. With terrible force and anger, it is about to fall upon the wrecked. And tired, exhausted, they convulsively cling to each other, hoping to find salvation from the death hanging over them in mutual support. The theme of the struggle of man with the blind power of the elements is extremely characteristic of the painting of romanticism. In Aivazovsky, the tragic conflict between people and nature plays a relatively minor role; all the attention of the artist is focused on the life of the element itself.

Aivazovsky built his picture in such a way and introduced the brightest and most sonorous colors into it that, despite the drama of what was happening, he made me admire the beauty of the raging sea. There is no sense of doom or tragedy in the picture.

The artist found the exact means to depict the greatness, power and beauty of the sea. The picture is filled with a deep inner sound. It is full of light, air and all permeated with the rays of the sun, giving it an optimistic character. This is largely facilitated by the color structure of the picture. It is written in the brightest colors of the palette. Its coloring includes a wide range of shades of yellow, orange, pink, lilac colors of the sky and green, blue and purple - water. The bright, major, colorful scale of the picture sounds like a jubilant, joyful hymn to the courage of people who defeat the blind forces of a terrible, but beautiful element in its formidable grandeur.

The viewer can immediately imagine what a terrible thunderstorm passed at night, what a disaster the ship's crew suffered and how the sailors died.

Who are these unfortunates, how did they get here? Just yesterday morning, their ship left the harbor for the open ocean. It was a clear, sunny day, the high, clear azure of the sky shone serenely. The calm expanse of the ocean beckoned to distant, unknown shores. But in the evening the wind rose, thunderclouds quickly covered the sky. The ocean was agitated. Blinding lightning burned the sky. Thunder rumbles shook the air. The ramparts rose in a circle, the continuous circulation of the ramparts. They surrounded the ship closer and closer and finally rushed together to attack it. Only flashes of lightning illuminated the ego's mortal battle with the formidable elements. The rumble of thunderclaps and roaring waves drowned out the crash of a breaking ship and the cries of people dying in the depths of the sea. And those whose hearts were filled with courage decided not to give up. Several friends stayed together all the time, did not lose each other, even when the ship was sinking. They clung to the wreckage of the ship's mast, in a roaring chaos encouraged each other and vowed to exert all their strength and endure until the saving morning...

And they endured. The terrible night is over. The sun's rays bloomed heavy waves. The sun entered into an alliance with the human will. Life, people have conquered the chaotic darkness of the night storm in the ocean. The storm strains its muscles, tired during the night. But they have already weakened. A little more - and the last, ninth wave will pass.

According to the existing belief, every ninth shaft during a storm surpasses all previous ones in strength. Huge waves, like mountains, rise and rage in a boundless expanse that merges with the sky, through which clouds driven by a mad wind rush. The sun, barely rising above the horizon, breaks the thick veil of clouds and pierces the waves, foam and water dust hanging in the air with a golden glow. In his picture, the wind is really raging and the sea is worried. With a mighty effort of imagination and creative memory, he created a truthful and impressive image of an angry nature.

With amazing accuracy, the motives of movement are captured in the picture. Everything in it is covered by a swift impulse - both running clouds, and foamy waters, and figures of people convulsively clinging to the mast. This unity of movement gives the image a special completeness and integrity.

The color scheme of the painting was bold and innovative. In comparison with the subtle and restrained range of colors of Russian landscape painters of the first half of the 19th century, The Ninth Wave was supposed to amaze the audience with intense brightness and richness of color combinations. The artist with sophisticated vigilance noticed and reproduced the green, white, lilac and blue shades of sea water and moist air, combining them with the golden tone of the reflections of the sun. For Aivazovsky, as for all romantics, color was a means of artistic expression of feelings, and it is in the color scheme of the Ninth Wave that the master’s romantically sublime attitude is most clearly embodied.

Despite the fact that "The Ninth Wave" refers to one of the paintings of Russian landscape painting, which reflects the features of romanticism with the greatest certainty, the semantic and pictorial content of the painting was not born in the world of dreams, but was organically formed as a result of the artist's observations of nature.

The Ninth Wave represents the pinnacle of the first, romantic period in his work. Surrendering to the imagination, he created one of his greatest masterpieces.

This picture found a wide response at the time of its appearance and remains to this day one of the most popular in Russian painting.

In the autumn of 1850, he exhibited it in Moscow, at the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. They came to watch The Ninth Wave many times, as they once went to the Last Day of Pompeii.

I saw the "Ninth Wave" and nineteen-year-old boy Ivan Shishkin, who had recently arrived in Moscow from Yelabuga. For a long time he stood enchanted by the bright green color of the waves, the golden and mauve reflections from the sun breaking through the fog.

The young man could not take his eyes off the wonderful canvas. He clearly heard the sound of the sea. And this rumble seemed to merge with the rumble of centuries-old pines in native forests near Yelabuga...

And, perhaps, it was in these moments that another wonderful Russian artist was spiritually born.

The work of Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky arouses great interest and a feeling of deep admiration among the audience. The sea, exalted by him both in a storm and in a calm, throughout the life of the artist nourished his imagination.

The sea for Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky has always been a synonym for freedom, personified strength and courage, called for confrontation, urged to believe in the high destiny of man, to go towards the goal through trials and troubles.

He devoted his whole life to depicting the sea; he created and raised to a great height a special area of landscape painting - the marina, which, before Aivazovsky, had almost no representatives in Russian art. Aivazovsky is undeniably the central figure and the greatest master of the seascape in Russian art of the 19th century. In this area, he was and remains an outstanding consummate master.

The ability to poetically perceive the most ordinary phenomena in nature is vividly reflected in his works. Whether the artist paints a group of fishermen sorting out nets from a longboat, a moonlit night after a storm, Odessa at moonrise, or the Bay of Naples at dawn, he always finds elusive features in the visual image of nature that evoke poetic or musical associations in our memory.

Aivazovsky's paintings are deeply meaningful, emotionally rich. His pictorial images sometimes rise to broad generalizations, reflecting many aspects of life and the advanced ideas of his time. With particular clarity, this affected the works that became the main milestones in the development of his work. The paintings "Ninth Wave" (1850, Russian Museum), "Black Sea" (1881, Tretyakov Gallery) and "Among the Waves" (1898, Aivazovsky Gallery, Feodosia) are the result of many preliminary searches for a certain image of the sea element. These works are the pinnacle of the picturesque Aivazovsky's mastery.They are still the most popular, because they are brighter than in many other paintings, reflecting the skill, ideological orientation and content of the artist's work.

In preparing this work, materials from the site were used.

Ivan (Ovanes) Konstantinovich Aivazovsky was born in Feodosia on July 17 (30), 1817. The boy began to be interested in art early, he was especially interested in music and drawing. In 1833, Aivazovsky was enrolled in the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg.

Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky is rightfully considered an outstanding Russian painter. All the works of this great artist are known all over the world.

Many paintings by Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky are dedicated to the sea. The artist emphasizes the nature of the sea element, so accurately and realistically

conveys everything connected with the sea. One of the most famous paintings is “Moonlight Night. Bath in Feodosia. This work was created in 1853. The picture was painted in oil on canvas.

We see the night sea on this canvas. Sky, clouds, ship. The light of the full moon illuminates the surroundings. And everything seems somewhat unreal, ephemeral, even mystical. At the same time, we can distinguish the smallest details, so the reality of everything that is shown in the picture is undeniable.

In the foreground of the picture we see a quiet calm sea. The bright lunar path seems so mysterious and attractive. Boundless

the sea goes beyond the horizon. On the right side of the lunar path, a girl swims. How afraid she is here alone ... After all, the sea only looks so calm and serene. But in fact, the insidiousness of the sea element is known to everyone. However, maybe it's a mermaid? And the sea element is her home. The legends about these amazingly beautiful inhabitants of the sea immediately come to mind. Maybe they really exist. And the picture shows one of them? But then it becomes clear that these are just dreams.

There is a bathing house on the shore. Here the door is open, it is light inside. We see a girl. She must be waiting for her friend who is swimming in the sea. If you look closely, you can see the embankment on the right side of the picture. She is illuminated by bright moonlight. A little further are the houses. They are hidden in the darkness, not a light is visible in the windows.

In the center of the picture we see sailboats. One of them is brightly lit by moonlight. Ships are at the pier. But they are not so easy to see, they are hidden by the darkness of the night.

The sky seems special, it is brightly illuminated by moonlight. The clouds are so clearly visible.

They seem so tangible, as if they can be touched by hand.

The beauty of the night sea and sky is amazing. I want to look at this picture again and again. And every time it is possible to see something completely new in it.

There is something unusual, mystical in the picture. Here, on the one hand, there is a rare calmness and harmony. But on the other hand, one feels the formidable power of the sea, which at any moment can turn from calm and serene into formidable and dangerous. And then the rampant elements will make you forget about everything. After all, a person is defenseless against the power of the sea element. But now I don't want to think about it. The sea is so gentle and calm. It seems that amazing sea freshness reaches us.

This picture is included in the Crimean cycle, created by the artist. Currently, the work is in the Taganrog Art Museum.