Comparative characteristics of the mayor. Previous

It would seem difficult to imagine more different characters than
Khlestakov and the mayor in N. V. Gogol's comedy "The Government Inspector". Lots of
their differences from each other immediately catches the eye. In my own way
social position, the heroes are far apart from each other and
in the normal course of events, they should not occur at all. Mayor
- "older in the service" man, he began his career
from the lower ranks and all his life hard, but steadily climbed
career ladder, until he took the main position in the county
city. Anton Antonovich firmly established himself in this post, tidied up
to the hands of the whole town and no one is going to soon
give up power. Khlestakov, on the contrary, has a small rank, "elis-
a simple spender, ”in the words of his servant Osip, and even then he couldn’t
stay in one of the St. Petersburg offices and, after taking a walk
on his father's money, forced to return to the village.
The characters of the characters are quite consistent with their position. Mayor
behaves solidly, his speech is unhurried and serious, his words
significant. He is an experienced man, knows how to portray an honest and ingenuous
campaigner, so you won’t immediately guess that this is a big
rogue. The mayor is cunning and prudent, with ordinary people he does not
on ceremony, but can, if necessary, appear courteous. Khlestakov
the “emptiest” person, “without a king in his head”, he is absolutely
does not think about the consequences of his words and thoughts. Khlestakov is driven
primitive desire for pleasure, which he reports completely
openly: "After all, you live on that to pluck the flowers of pleasure."
Gogol emphasized that his hero is not at all a clever swindler,
but just a frivolous young man to the extreme.
The appearance of the characters is also quite consistent with their characters.
The respectable mayor has short hair and is dressed in a uniform, and Khlestakov
spends the last money on a fashionable hairstyle and "particular
dress”, just to throw dust in the eyes of the neighboring landowners.
In a word, at first glance, the characters are completely different and socially
position, and in character, and in appearance. And still
something unites them, otherwise Khlestakov could not have settled on
the rights of a dear guest in the mayor's house, and for a while, as if
swap places with the "father of the city". There is, of course, a specific
the reason for this turn of events is the "unpleasant news" that
that an auditor from St. Petersburg should secretly come to the city. However
Khlestakov looks so little like an important official that an experienced
the mayor should have immediately bitten him. Neither route from St. Petersburg
into the village, nor the capital's costume could not be introduced for a long time
misled the mayor. Cause of the ongoing misunderstanding
lies in another.
Let's remember how the characters behave when they first meet. They are both
tremble with fear of each other, and fear, as you know, has “eyes
great." What causes the mutual fear of Khlestakov and the mayor?
Khlestakov never thought in advance about the responsibility for
their actions. In Petersburg, he was engaged not in the service, but in entertainment,
spent his father's money in a week and then sent Osip
sell a new tailcoat at the flea market. On the way home Khlestakov
lost completely in cards and by the time of the meeting with the mayor already
the second week he lived in a hotel on credit. Naturally he was scared
the arrival of an important person, because he decided that he was being arrested and sent
to jail.
Much more serious are the reasons for the mayor's fear. Already from the first
comedy action, it becomes clear to us that a high position
for Anton Antonovich - a means of illegal enrichment.
The mayor shamelessly takes bribes, robs merchants, creates arbitrariness,
appropriates public money and cares not about execution
service, but about concealing their crimes. To match the boss and the rest
officials in the city: a judge who deals primarily
hunting, trustee of hospitals where people recover "like flies",
a postmaster who, out of curiosity, reads other people's letters ... Such subordinates
only add to fear, and do not reassure the mayor.
As a result, general fear gives rise to a completely absurd situation:
Khlestakov begins to babble some fantastic nonsense
about their significance, and officials, led by the mayor, play along
him, imagining that they managed to escape from the auditor. They even rejoice
when Khlestakov, more and more impudent, takes bribes from them. Khlestakov himself
does not understand well why it is the mayor and officials creep
in front of him, the townspeople make some petitions, so
even Osip is forced to remark to the owner that, apparently, he was mistaken for
someone else. Heeding the advice of a clever servant, Khlestakov
leaves the city, and manages to blithely propose
daughter of the mayor and receive the blessing of her parents. Like
type of behavior received after the release of the comedy title
"Khlestakovism". It is curious that the mayor also becomes infected with "Khlestakovism
": after seeing off the future son-in-law, this experienced campaigner suddenly
begins to fantasize about the rank of general, orders, secular
life in Petersburg is no worse than Khlestakov. The more destructive
on the mayor's unexpected discovery that Khlestakov did not
auditor, but "icicle", "rag".
So, we are convinced that, despite the obvious differences between the heroes
in social status and characters, they are united by fear of
punishment for dishonest acts. Gorodnichiy and Khlestakov makes
similar to their selfishness, unwillingness to work conscientiously, habit
live at the expense of others. Gogol emphasizes that such types are not
exception, but the rule. Gorodnichiy, Khlestakov and all other heroes
comedies only obey those unjust orders that
reign in Russia. They are accustomed to living by deceit and therefore they themselves often
are deceived. This is not Khlestakov outwitted and scared
mayor and officials, and they themselves are confused in their own
fears and lies.

Comparative characteristics of the mayor and Khlestakov. Mayor Dreams of getting the rank of general. He dreams of a beautiful, idle life in the capital, through his fingers he looks at the service of other officials. Takes bribes from officials and merchants. Deceiver, takes credit for himself. Not stupid, rude, superstitious, rogue. Khlestakov plays the role of an important person, dreams of the rank of field marshal. “Loves to pick flowers of pleasure”, looks at life through rose-colored glasses, loves entertainment. He openly asks for money from officials, deceiving them that he "expended on the road." He lies without hesitation, also likes to “compose”. Frivolous, cheeky, immoral, liar.

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No one had ever before him (Gogol) read such a complete pathoanatomical course on a Russian official. With laughter on his lips, he without pity penetrates into the innermost folds of the impure, evil bureaucratic soul. Gogol's comedy The Government Inspector and his poem Dead Souls are a terrible confession of contemporary Russia.
A.I. Herzen

"The Inspector General" is a well-known comedy related to the pen of N.V. Gogol, is considered one of the brightest dramatic works of Russian prose of the 19th century.

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol continued the traditions of Russian drama in the genre of satire. His comedy The Inspector General succinctly fit into the thematic line laid down by the famous comedies of D.I. Fonvizin "Undergrowth" and A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit".
But, despite the comedy genre, the work "The Government Inspector" is deeply realistic, as it penetrates into the life structure of the small and middle bureaucratic class of the provincial cities of Russia in the second quarter of the 19th century. Penetrating into the very soul, Gogol exposes the world that these people are building, revealing their hidden intentions and characters.

Having barely opened the comedy "The Inspector General", we understand that in addition to the meaning and problems inherent in the work itself, we will deal with characters whose character, whose life priorities are already revealed in their surnames. Each hero of the work has speaking surnames. For example, the surname of a private bailiff: Ukhovertov, - and a county doctor: Gibner.

Thanks to the surnames from the first acquaintance with the characters, we understand who we will deal with in the future. For example, by the name of the county doctor Kh.I. Gibner, it can be judged that almost everyone he treated died. So it looks more like not a surname, but a nickname.

Gogol wrote critical remarks characterizing each of the main acting characters. These remarks help to better understand the character of each hero, their soul and thoughts. For example, what are Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov and Anton Antonovich Skvoznyak-Dmukhanovsky, the mayor? What are they?

Mayor: "Although he is a bribe-taker, he behaves very respectably."
Khlestakov: “Without a king in my head. He speaks and acts without any thought.

It seems that they are people of the same warehouse, both are drawn to power, they love it when everyone crawls at their feet. At the end of the comedy, Anton Antonovich becomes a braggart of the highest rank, a dreamer (however, like Anna Andreevna, his wife).

“Now we intend to live in St. Petersburg. And here, I confess, there is such an air ... too rustic! .. I confess, a big nuisance ... Here is my husband: there he will receive the rank of general.

This is the limit of their dreams they have reached: Give them Petersburg, he (the mayor) really wants to be a general.

And in act II, phenomenon VIII, see how he tries to pass himself off as a virtue, apparently wanting to suck up to the "auditor" by this.

“I wish you good health! Sorry. It is my duty, as the mayor of the local city, to make sure that there are no harassment to those passing by and to all noble people "...

But what did the “auditor” look like at that time? He thought that they were going to put him in jail for not paying for the hotel, food. And the mayor...

How could he mistake some ragged impostor for such a high person as the Inspector General. This is excusable for Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky, who are positioned in the county town as local fools, gossips. With them and communicate in accordance with these personal qualities: with contempt or patronage. But unlike them, the mayor is a smart enough person, which does not prevent him from being a first-class rogue, and, perhaps, even contributes to his prosperity in roguery. Well, in the house of Anton Antonovich Khlestakov behaved like a real official (a great actor).

“Words fly out of him with inspiration: when ending the last word of a phrase, he does not remember its first word,” wrote V.G. Belinsky.

Well, who, tell me, will not grind nonsense, fearing something. Khlestakov thought that he would be sent to prison, but, on the contrary, he was invited to the house of an important and significant person in the city. Khlestakov gained money, honor, refreshments, which is why even without wine you can come to some kind of half-drunk relaxation.

Gogol in an article about the theater wrote that in his comedy he reflected only one private person, whose name is "Laughter". Laughter, and not at all the auditor, who arrived, at the highest command.

Comparative Khlestakov and mayor

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol's comedy The Inspector General was a resounding success with a democratically minded public and a sharp rejection of those who saw themselves in the characters.

very similar. Both are scammers. But if Skvoznik-Dukhanovsky is wise with experience, an inveterate bribe taker and embezzler, then Khlestakov is from the young, but early. Despite his young age, he had already corrupted his soul with idleness, drunkenness and a real hatred of work. Khlestakov, perhaps, is worse than the mayor. Tom had to achieve everything in life himself. In his old age, he rose to the rank of mayor and now wants to get the most benefit from the service.

characters that for many years became common names for bribe-takers, idlers and liars. No wonder this creation of Gogol is called immortal.

The appearance of the comedy "Inspector General" in 1836 caused an uplifted, exciting feeling in society. This spring gave the audience a meeting with a real masterpiece. More than 160 years have passed since then, but the comedy "The Government Inspector" has not lost its relevance and its sound today. You don't have to look far for examples. Let's recall the negative heroes of the popular "police" series - why not the heroes of Gogol, who only became more cold-blooded and cruel?

all his exploits in the county town are absolutely unintentional. Khlestakov can be compared with a ballet dancer - moving through the space of the play, he enlivens the course of the whole action, acts as a real engine for the plot development of the comedy. Khlestakov brilliantly played the role of an auditor in front of county officials, only by the middle of the fourth act did he begin to realize that he was being mistaken for a somewhat "statesman". How does the false auditor feel? It seems nothing.

just a desperate liar. In each of the created situations, he behaves like a brilliant actor. One can imagine how difficult it was for the theater actor, who played the role of Khlestakov for the first time, the actor playing the auditor.

Khlestakov should not be regarded as an evil or cruel person. By itself, he is completely harmless, and those around him can make anything out of him: even incognito from St. Petersburg, and even with a secret order, even an insignificant metropolitan official. The originality of the character, more precisely, the lack of Khlestakov's character lies in the fact that he has practically no memory of the past and reflection on the future. Khlestakov is focused on the present minute, and within this minute he is able to achieve the highest artistry. He changes his appearance with ease and even some grace. Among county officials completely written off from life, this absolutely fictional character makes an unforgettable impression. It can probably be said that for county officials such a terrible event as the arrival of an auditor from the capital looked like a kind of holiday: creepy, but interesting. Khlestakov is terrible to them and arouses their admiration by the fact that he does not at all look like a person capable of cruelly punishing the guilty.

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol was well aware of the life of petty Petersburg officials, which allowed him to give in the image of Khlestakov an exaggerated and collective type of superficially educated fanfaron. Khlestakov gladly uses, for the sake of the beauty of the syllable, French words picked up from someone and badly understood, clichés of the then fiction. At the same time, vulgar expressions are also found in Khlestakov's speech. Gogol made Khlestakov's remarks jerky: this character is spiritually poor and completely incapable of stopping his attention on anything. Gogol's contemporary Apollon Grigoriev characterized this character: "Khlestakov, like a soap bubble, inflates under the influence of favorable circumstances, grows in his own eyes and in the eyes of officials, becomes bolder and bolder in boasting ..."

The influence of the comedy "The Inspector General" on Russian society was enormous. The surname Khlestakov began to be used as a common noun. And Khlestakovism began to be called any unbridled phrase-mongering, lies, shameless boasting, combined with extreme frivolity. Gogol managed to penetrate into the very depths of the Russian national character, extracting from there the image of a false auditor - Khlestakov. According to the author of the immortal comedy, every Russian person at least for a moment becomes Khlestakov, regardless of their social status, age, education, and so on. In my opinion, overcoming Khlestakovism in oneself can be considered one of the main ways of self-improvement of each of us.

"... hastily sweep the old fence ... and put up a straw milestone to make it look like a layout", remove the garbage, which is "piled on forty carts", and most importantly, if a visiting official asks: "Are you satisfied?", answer : "Everything is satisfied, your honor." At the same time, he himself exclaims: “What a nasty city this is!”

local hotel. Before Khlestakov appears on the stage, we learn everything about him from his servant Osip. This is a collegiate registrar (“a simple elistra”), who, for the second month, escaped from St. Petersburg: “He lost money dearly, my dear, now he sits and tucked his tail and does not get excited.” Having settled in a hotel, Khlestakov had already managed to taste the "charms" of local life. Therefore, he cannot understand what kind of delegation came to him, headed by the mayor. As a result, "both in fright look at each other for several minutes, bulging eyes." Khlestakov and the mayor are afraid of each other to death - this is evidenced by the remarks: “timid”, “brave”, “stretched out and trembling all over”, etc.

But how everything changes when Khlestakov finally realizes what is happening! He calls for help all his irrepressible imagination and tries to make the most of the current situation. He gladly accepts bribes, hypocritically pretending to take "borrowed money". He charms the mayor's wife and daughter, who are so stupid that they easily fall for this bait: "Oh, how pleasant!" - says one, "Oh, cutie!" exclaims another.

Khlestakov lies so inspiredly that he almost begins to believe in his own inventions. Officials, trembling with fear of the "terrible auditor", do not even think about whether this can actually be.

Khlestakov makes an offer to Marya Antonovna (the mayor cannot even believe in such happiness). However, the horses are ready, and the happy groom is about to leave: “Only for one minute ... for one day, a rich old man is visiting his uncle; and back tomorrow."

Khlestakov leaves, and then it turns out that it was not the auditor at all. Moreover, it turns out in the usual way for local customs: the postmaster, as usual, opened Khlestakov's letter. After reading the letter, from which the officials learned what Khlestakov really thinks about them, after searching for the perpetrators of everything that happened, what happened was what should have happened: a real auditor arrived.

The comedy ends with a silent scene. And for some reason it seems that at that moment not only the heroes of the play froze - the whole of Russia froze before the crushing truth thrown in her face by the brilliant Master.

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol's comedy The Inspector General was a resounding success with a democratically minded public and a sharp rejection of those who saw themselves in the characters.
Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol managed to create true images of almost real-life heroes. The brightest in the gallery of comedy images are Gorodnichiy and Khlestakov. Despite the difference in years, they are very similar. Both are scammers. But if Skvoznik-Dukhanovsky is wise with experience, an inveterate bribe taker and embezzler, then Khlestakov is from the young, but early. Despite his young age, he had already corrupted his soul with idleness, drunkenness and a real hatred of work. Khlestakov, perhaps, is worse than the mayor. Tom had to achieve everything in life himself. In his old age, he rose to the rank of mayor and now wants to get the most benefit from the service.

Khlestakov is a nobleman by birth, the paths to education, service for the good of the fatherland are open to him, but he preferred an idle and riotous life. In a small work, Gogol managed to bring out typical characters that for many years became common names for bribe-takers, idlers and lies. No wonder this creation of Gogol is called immortal.

feeling. This spring gave the audience a meeting with a real masterpiece. More than 160 years have passed since then, but the comedy "The Government Inspector" has not lost its relevance and its sound today. You don't have to look far for examples. Let's recall the negative heroes of the popular "police" series - why not the heroes of Gogol, who only became more cold-blooded and cruel?

Gogol himself noted that Khlestakov is the most difficult character in the play. In the recommendations for the actor who played this role, Gogol quite deeply reveals the nature of this character. Khlestakov accomplished all his exploits in the county town absolutely unintentionally. Khlestakov can be compared with a ballet dancer - moving through the space of the play, he enlivens the course of the whole action, acts as a real engine for the plot development of the comedy. Khlestakov brilliantly played the role of an auditor in front of county officials, only by the middle of the fourth act did he begin to realize that he was being mistaken for a somewhat "statesman". How does the false auditor feel? It seems nothing.

Khlestakov's behavior amazes all the officials of the county town. In their opinion, the auditor is very cunning and dodgy and you need to keep your eyes open with him. It is characteristic that it never occurred to anyone that Khlestakov was just a desperate liar. AT
each of the created situations, he behaves like a brilliant actor. One can imagine how difficult it was for the theater actor, who played the role of Khlestakov for the first time, the actor playing the auditor.
Khlestakov should not be regarded as an evil or cruel person. By itself, he is completely harmless, and those around him can make anything out of him: even incognito from St. Petersburg, and even with a secret order, even an insignificant metropolitan official. The originality of the character, more precisely, the lack of Khlestakov's character lies in the fact that he has practically no memory of the past and reflection on the future. Khlestakov is focused on the present minute, and within this minute he is able to achieve the highest artistry. He changes his appearance with ease and even some grace. Among county officials completely written off from life, this absolutely fictional character makes an unforgettable impression. It can probably be said that for county officials such a terrible event as the arrival of an auditor from the capital looked like a kind of holiday: creepy, but interesting. Khlestakov is terrible to them and arouses their admiration by the fact that he does not at all look like a person capable of cruelly punishing the guilty.

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol was well aware of the life of petty Petersburg officials, which allowed him to give in the image of Khlestakov an exaggerated and collective type of superficially educated fanfaron. Khlestakov gladly uses, for the sake of the beauty of the syllable, French words picked up from someone and badly understood, clichés of the then fiction. At the same time, vulgar expressions are also found in Khlestakov's speech. Gogol made Khlestakov's remarks jerky: this character is spiritually poor and completely incapable of stopping his attention on anything. Gogol's contemporary Apollon Grigoriev characterized this character: "Khlestakov, like a soap bubble, inflates under the influence of favorable circumstances, grows in his own eyes and in the eyes of officials, becomes bolder and bolder in boasting ..."

The influence of the comedy "The Inspector General" on Russian society was enormous. The surname Khlestakov began to be used as a common noun. And Khlestakovism began to be called any unbridled phrase-mongering, lies, shameless boasting, combined with extreme frivolity. Gogol managed to penetrate into the very depths of the Russian national character, extracting from there the image of a false auditor - Khlestakov. According to the author of the immortal comedy, every Russian person at least for a moment becomes Khlestakov, regardless of their social status, age, education, and so on. In my opinion, overcoming Khlestakovism in oneself can be considered one of the main ways of self-improvement of each of us.

The mayor gives the last instructions: “... hastily sweep the old fence ... and put a straw milestone to make it look like a layout”, remove the garbage, which is “heaped on forty carts”, and most importantly, if a visiting official asks: “Satisfied is it?”, to answer: “Everyone is happy, your honor.” At the same time, he himself exclaims: “What a nasty city this is!”

But the most unpleasant thing is that the auditor must come incognito, that is, you can suspect every new person in the city. The choice falls on the first visitor who has settled in a local hotel. Before Khlestakov appears on the stage, we learn everything about him from his servant Osip. This is a collegiate registrar (“a simple elistra”), who, for the second month, escaped from St. Petersburg: “He lost money dearly, my dear, now he sits and tucked his tail and does not get excited.” Having settled in a hotel, Khlestakov had already managed to taste the "charms" of local life. Therefore, he cannot understand what kind of delegation came to him, headed by the mayor. As a result, "both in fright look at each other for several minutes, bulging eyes." Khlestakov and the mayor are afraid of each other to death - this is evidenced by the remarks: “timid”, “brave”, “stretched out and trembling all over”, etc.
But how everything changes when Khlestakov finally realizes what is happening! He calls for help all his irrepressible imagination and tries to make the most of the current situation. He gladly accepts bribes, hypocritically pretending to take "borrowed money". He charms the mayor's wife and daughter, who are so stupid that they easily fall for this bait: "Oh, how pleasant!" - says one, "Oh, cutie!" exclaims another.
Khlestakov lies so inspiredly that he almost begins to believe in his own inventions. Officials, trembling with fear of the "terrible auditor", do not even think about whether this can actually be.

Khlestakov makes an offer to Marya Antonovna (the mayor cannot even believe in such happiness). However, the horses are ready, and the happy groom is about to leave: “Only for one minute ... for one day, a rich old man is visiting his uncle; and back tomorrow."
Khlestakov leaves, and then it turns out that it was not the auditor at all. Moreover, it turns out in the usual way for local customs: the postmaster, as usual, opened Khlestakov's letter. After reading the letter, from which the officials learned what Khlestakov really thinks about them, after searching for the perpetrators of everything that happened, what happened was what should have happened: a real auditor arrived.

The comedy ends with a silent scene. And for some reason it seems that at that moment not only the heroes of the play froze - the whole of Russia froze before the crushing truth thrown in her face by the brilliant Master.