Image of a face in profile. The proportions of a person's face when drawing a portrait: a diagram

Face profile - amazing outlines that can convey the whole essence of an individual, create a sketch of the entire human appearance. But this is a tedious and difficult task. Therefore, in order to draw a face profile, a novice artist needs to know how to do it.

Relationship between and the shape of his head

When interested in how to draw a face in profile, the artist must first determine the type of head shape of the person he has chosen as a nature. Often this fact depends on the race of the individual that the draftsman is going to portray. What is it expressed in?

Facial angle

This angle is determined between the imaginary lines, which are auxiliary in the figure, the horizontal and the line connecting the point directly under the nose with the eyebrow protrusion.

For Caucasoids, this angle is almost straight, for Mongoloids it is sharper, somewhere around 75 degrees. Negroids have the sharpest angle, it approaches 60 degrees.

Neck shape

In Caucasians, the shape of the back of the head is round, almost close to the correct circle. In Mongoloids, it is more elongated, reminiscent of an oval. Among the Negroids, the back of the head in profile has the shape of an even more elongated oval than even among the Mongoloids.

Although race may not always serve as an accurate criterion, these data are quite generalized. Individual features are inherent in each individual person: there may be a European with a significantly sloping forehead, and an Uzbek with a Caucasoid shape of the skull. Negroids are also different: the shape of the head of representatives of one nationality of Negroids can be close to Caucasoid, and for another nationality the shape of the skull, reminiscent of a Mongoloid, will be characteristic.

Master class: “Draw the profile of a child’s face”

In order to depict something correctly, the artist must not only have the skill of drawing, but also carefully study the structure of what he is trying to convey to the viewer. For example, when depicting the profile of a child's face, the draftsman needs to know that the facial angle in children is different from that of an adult. In particular, for a boy, this angle will not be straight, but obtuse, that is, the line connecting the point of the protrusion of the eyebrows with the point under the nose with the horizontal forms

1. Before you start depicting a child's face in profile (pencil drawing), you need to make auxiliary constructions. First draw a circle.
2. Then three horizontal lines are drawn, they do not have to be absolutely parallel to each other, but the angle of inclination upwards is very small. The bottom line is the tangent to the circle, and the top line is the diameter.
3. Now you need to build vertical lines: one is the diameter, and the second is the line of the facial angle, which is 115 degrees with a vertical diameter (its value depends on the age of the boy and his individual characteristics). The face angle line is tangent to the circle - this is important.
4. It is necessary to draw a profile line in such a way that the chin and forehead lie on the line of the facial angle, the ear is located between the upper and middle auxiliary horizontal, the nose is between the middle and lower.
5. The eye is depicted approximately at the same level as the ear.
6. Auxiliary lines must be removed with an eraser, and circle the main outlines with a pencil. You can finish the hair, put shadows on the face - this already depends on the skill of the artist and the goals set for him.

Girl profile

You need to draw a female face profile in almost the same way as a male one, only it should be more elegant. Auxiliary constructions are made similarly to the constructions for the image of a child's profile: a circle, three horizontal lines, three vertical ones. Moreover, the extreme vertical and upper horizontal are diameters, and the lower horizontal and extreme vertical opposite to the diameter are tangent circles.

It should be noted that the vertical tangent is the face angle line. And if the artist set himself the task of depicting the profile of a girl of European appearance, then this angle should be as close as possible to a straight line. The younger the girl being drawn, the dumber the facial angle will be.

Nose line in human profile

You can conduct such an experiment: make a person count, and then quickly, without hesitation, give an answer to the question: “Name a part of the face!” 98% of respondents will answer that this is the nose.

This is because this part of the face determines almost the entire image. It is possible to enlarge the eyes with the help of cosmetics, give a different shape to the eyebrows, draw lips, but it is almost impossible to change the nose without the intervention of surgery.

It is no wonder that artists attach the greatest importance to the image of the nose in the profile. The nasal line is also associated with the national identity of a person. Physiognomists prove that a nose in particular can tell more about a person's character than he knows about himself.

For example, it gives out a person who is conservative, highly intelligent, often arrogant. And open, sociable and friendly people have short noses.

The pointed tips of the nose indicate a vindictive person, with laziness. The long tip of the nose, hanging over the upper lip, betrays a traitor, a hypocrite and a liar - this is what physiognomists say. However, as in all statements, generalized and approximate results are also given here, and among individuals there are often people who do not correspond to the specified characteristics.

When drawing a face in profile, each artist must be careful, study the structure of the human skull, know the rules for its image - this is what this article is devoted to.

The portrait conveys not only the external characteristics of the face, but also reflects the inner world of a person, his attitude to reality and emotional state at a certain point in time. In fact, a portrait, like any other genre painting, is an arrangement of lines, shapes and colors on canvas or paper so that their final combination repeats the shape of a human face.

Sounds almost like magic? In order to correctly place those very lines, shapes and shades on paper, you must first of all study the proportions of a person’s face (when drawing a portrait, they must be observed without fail) and their dependence on the movements, direction and shape of the head.

What is a portrait?

Regardless of the level of skill, working on it intimidates any artist. The remarkable painter John Singer Sargent gave the portrait two characteristics that every artist would agree on:

1. “Every time I paint a portrait, especially on commission, I lose a friend.”
2. "A portrait is a painting in which the lips end up looking somehow wrong."

Portrait - one of the most difficult genres of drawing and painting. The reason is that the artist often works to order, and pressure from outside interferes with the creative process. The portrait in the view of the customer often differs from what the artist creates. In addition, working on the image of a human face requires special knowledge and a fair amount of patience.

Why study proportions

Proportions are needed in order to understand how objects are located relative to each other in a dimensional, planar and intermediate ratio. If even a small amount of realism is important for a portrait, this cannot be achieved without knowing the proportions. On the other hand, nobody canceled abstract portraits.

Knowledge of proportions helps to convey not only facial features, but also emotions and facial expressions of a person. Knowing the dependence of the change in appearance on the position of the head, the emotional state of the model and lighting, the artist can transfer the character and mood of a person to the canvas, thereby creating an object of art. But for this you need to know the correct proportions of the face and be able to build a composition in accordance with the rules.

Ideal Proportions

During the High Renaissance, Raphael created paintings that were considered the standard of perfection. In fact, all of today's ideal proportions originate in the oval faces of Raphael's Madonnas.

If you draw a vertical line in the very center of the face and divide it into three parts - from the hairline to the eyebrows, from the eyebrows to the tip of the nose and from the tip of the nose to the chin, then these parts will be equal in an ideal face. The figure below shows the ideal proportions of a human face, a scheme for drawing and building an ideal face oval, as well as the ratio of the main features. It is worth considering that the ideal male face is characterized by more angular features, but, despite this, their main location corresponds to the presented scheme.

Based on this scheme, the ideal proportions of the face when drawing a portrait correspond to the following formula:

1. BC=CE=EF.
2. AD=DF.
3. OR=KL=PK.

face shape

Correctly constructed proportions of a person's face when drawing a portrait depend largely on the shape of this face. Raphael created a perfect oval, and nature does not limit perfection to just one geometric shape.

Probably, it is most convenient to study the construction of proportions and their change during movement on a perfectly oval face, for this there are many ways and techniques that will be discussed below, but the essence of the portrait is not in creating an ideal, but in depicting a person with all his features and imperfections. That is why it is important to know what the shape of the face can be and how it affects the construction of proportions when drawing portraits.

Rounded faces

elongated face has rounded hairline and chin. The vertical midline of the face is much longer than the horizontal. Elongated faces are usually characterized by a high forehead and a large distance between the upper lip and the base of the nose. Usually the width of the forehead is approximately equal to the width of the cheekbones.

Oval face similar in shape to an egg turned upside down. The cheekbones are the widest part of it, followed by a slightly less wide forehead and a relatively narrow jaw. The length of an oval face is slightly greater than its width.

Round face characterized by almost equal midlines of the vertical and horizontal sections of the face. Wide cheekbones are smoothed out by a smooth rounded chin line.

Angular face shapes

Rectangular face characterized by a wide jaw, accentuated by an angular chin and a straight hairline. The median line of the vertical section is much longer than the horizontal one. The width of the forehead of a person with a rectangular face is approximately equal to the width of the cheekbones.

triangular differs from the heart-shaped only by the hairline, in the triangular it is straight. A characteristic feature of this face shape is high cheekbones and a very narrow, pointed chin, while the cheekbones are almost as wide as the forehead. The vertical section line of a triangular face is usually slightly longer than the horizontal line.

Square shape characteristic of persons with low, wide cheekbones and an angular chin. The length of a square face is equal to its width.

Trapezoidal defined by a wide jaw, low cheekbones and a narrow forehead. Usually on such a face, the chin is angular and wide, and the cheekbones are much wider than the forehead.

diamond shape the face is given a proportionally narrow forehead and chin, the latter usually pointed. The high cheekbones are the widest part of the diamond-shaped face, and its horizontal section is much smaller than the vertical one.

Correct facial structure

The correct construction when drawing a portrait is based on measuring the facial features of the model and the distance between them. Each portrait is individual, just as no two faces are exactly the same, with the exception of twins. The formulas for calculating proportions give only basic tips, following which you can make the drawing process much easier.

To create your own characters or draw faces from memory, it is extremely important to know the correct rendering of proportions. It is important to remember here that the shape of the head is much more complicated than an inverted egg or an oval, and therefore it is worth following the rules to avoid eyes on the forehead or a mouth that is too small.

face outline

First, draw a circle - this will be the widest part of the skull. As you know, the main features of the face take place under the circle. To approximately determine their place, we divide the circle in half vertically and continue the line down so that the lower outline of the circle divides it exactly in half. The bottom of the line will be the chin. From the sides of the circle to the "chin" you need to draw lines that will become the preliminary outlines of the cheekbones and cheeks.

If the portrait is drawn from the model's face or from memory, then you can correct the shape with a few light lines, determine the approximate width of the chin and the hairline. It is worth noting that the hair in the portrait will occupy some part of the circle that was drawn at the very beginning.

Eyes and eyebrows

Draw a horizontal line at the base of the circle, perpendicular to the first. The eyes are on this line. It is on it, not higher, no matter how much you want! The horizontal line must be divided into five equal parts - each of them is equal to the width of the eye. The central part may be slightly wider. The eyes are located on the sides of her. For further calculation of proportions, it is best to indicate where the pupils will be located.

To determine how high above the eyes the eyebrows should be, divide the circle into four equal parts, from bottom to top. Eyebrows will be located along a horizontal line passing directly above the eyes.

Nose and lips

The vertical line of the lower part of the face must be divided in half. Mark the middle where the base of the nose should be. The width of the nose is easy to determine by drawing parallel lines down from the inner corners of the eyes.

The rest - from the nose to the chin - must be divided in half again. The middle line coincides with the line of the mouth, that is, the upper lip is located directly above it, and the lower lip is located below it. The width of the mouth can be calculated by drawing parallel lines down from the middle of the pupils. The width of the chin is usually equal to the width of the nose.

Building the proportions of the human face, described above, is a simplified method and is suitable for ideal faces, which are not so many in nature.

Head:

We draw a figure that resembles an egg turned upside down with a sharp end down. This figure is called OVOID.
Vertically and horizontally, we divide it exactly in half with thin lines.

vertical
the line is the axis of symmetry (it is needed so that the right and left parts
turned out to be equal in size and the image elements were not on
different level).
Horizontal - the line of the eyes. We divide it into five equal parts.

In the second and fourth parts are the eyes. The distance between the eyes is also equal to one eye.

The figure below shows how to draw the eye (the iris and pupil will
not fully visible - the upper eyelid partially covers them), but we are not in a hurry
to do this, first finish our sketch.

Divide the part from the line of the eyes to the chin by two - this is the line on which the nose will be.
Divide the part from the line of the eyes to the top of the head into three equal parts. The upper mark is the line from where the hair grows)

The part from the nose to the chin is also divided into three parts. The top mark is the lip line.
The distance from the upper eyelid to the tip of the nose is equal to the distance from the upper edge of the ear to the lower one.

Now we make our standard blank sob in three streams.
lines,
drawn from the outer edges of the eyes will show us where to draw the neck.
Lines from the inner edges of the eyes - the width of the nose. Lines drawn in an arc from
the center of the pupils is the width of the mouth.

When you colorize the image, notice that the raised
parts (forehead, cheeks, nose and chin) will be lighter, and the eye sockets, cheekbones,
the contour of the face, and the place under the lower lip - darker.

The shape of the face, eyes, eyebrows, lips, nose, ears and
etc. all people are different. Therefore, when drawing someone's portrait, try
see these features and superimpose them on a standard workpiece.

Another example of the fact that everyone's facial features are different.

Well, here we see how to draw a face in profile and half a turn - the so-called "three quarters"
At
drawing a half-turn face, you need to take into account the rules
perspective - the far eye and the far side of the lip will appear smaller.

Let's go to the picture human figures.
In order to depict the body as correctly as possible, you need to know a few secrets, as when drawing portraits:

The unit of measure for the human body is the "length of the head".
- human height is on average 7.5 head lengths.
- Men, of course, are usually slightly taller than women.
-
Of course, we start drawing the body from the very head that we will
measure everything. Have you drawn? Now we postpone its length seven more times down.
This will be the growth of the depicted.
- The width of the shoulders is equal to two head lengths for men and one and a half lengths for women.
- At the place where the third head ends :), there will be a navel and an arm bent at the elbow.
- The fourth is the place where the legs grow from.
- The fifth is the middle of the thigh. This is where the arm length ends.
- Sixth - bottom of the knee.
-
You can not believe me, but the length of the arms is equal to the length of the legs, the length of the arm from the shoulder
to the elbow will be slightly less than the length from the elbow to the fingertips.
- The length of the brush is equal to the height of the face (note, not the head - the distance from the chin to the top of the forehead), the length of the foot is equal to the length of the head.

Knowing all this, you can quite plausibly portray the figure of a person.

Taken in a group dedicated to graffiti VKontakte.

Lip shapes

nose shape

Eye shapes

Forms of women's brogues

(c) The book "How to draw a human head and figure" by Jack Hamm

The proportions of the child's figure differ from
adult proportions. The less times the length of the head is hindered in growth
child, the younger he is.

In a child's portrait, things are a little different.
The child's face is more rounded, the forehead is larger. If we draw a horizontal
line through the middle of the child's face, then this will not be the line of the eyes, as
was in the portrait of an adult.

To learn how to draw a person not only
standing like a pillar, we will temporarily simplify our image. Let's leave
only the head, chest, spine, pelvis and fasten to all this
arms and legs. The main thing is to keep all proportions.

Having such a simplified version of the human figure, we can easily give him any pose.

When we have decided on a pose, we can
grow meat on our simplified skeleton. Do not forget that the body, it is not
angular and does not consist of rectangles - we try to draw smooth
lines. At the waist, the body gradually tapers, at the knees and elbows too.

To make the image more lively, character and expression must be given not only to the face, but also to the pose.

Arms:

Fingers on such smooth as a board, the joints in the entire skeleton are the widest parts of the bones.

(c) Anatomy for Artists: It's Simple by Christopher Hart

Greetings!

Today we will look at a popular topic - how to draw a female face in profile. We will learn the basic rules of how to correctly draw a person's face in profile and, of course, watch a video tutorial.

The structure of the human face in profile

In the previous lesson, we learned using the example of a male face, and today we will gradually draw a man's head in profile using the example of a girl's face. Consider the basic rules and stages of this process in order to learn how to draw men and women with different facial features correctly.

Step one

We enter the head in a square. In order for the head not to crumble, you need to enclose it in a simple shape. A person's head in profile is best inscribed in a square, or in a rectangle, the height of which is 1/8 more than the width.

How to draw a hare

Let's easily draw a square and divide it into 4 equal parts, as shown in the picture above.

By analogy with the rules by which we built the full face, we outline the lines: the growth of hair, eyebrows and nose. To do this, we need to divide the square into 3 and a half parts horizontally (in the picture this is shown in green).

The horizontal axis that divides the square in half is the line of the eyes.

step two

In the rectangle, from the line of the nose to the upper edge of the head, we enter an inclined oval, more precisely, even an ovoid shape, it will show the shape of the head and forehead.

This ellipse will later help us determine where the neck is attached and how the hair falls.

If you are going to draw a person with a lush hairstyle, then you may not need this form. It is important to remember that the oval of the skull in profile is slightly inclined downwards.

How to draw bright lips

Step Three

1. From the upper extreme point of the oval, we draw a line inclined forward, to the level of the eyebrows. it superciliary arches.
2. We outline the bridge. From the central horizontal axis of the eyes, we begin to draw a nose, the tip of which slightly extends beyond the intended boundaries of the square. Naturally, nose must end at the appropriate level. Our separate publication will help you draw the nose correctly in stages.
3. Easy to plan jaw, whose shape is concave inside the square. This is underlined by the red arrow in the first part of the illustration.
4. Chin, on the contrary, protrudes slightly forward.

Searching and planning mouth line. To do this, the segment from the chin to the nose must be divided in half - so we get the level lower lip. Further, the distance from the lower lip to the nose is divided in half - we get the level upper lip. And, once again, we divide the distance between the upper and lower lip into two equal parts and get the line of the mouth. ( This division process is shown in red in the first part of the illustration.).

• More clearly mark the lips, mouth and chin.
• We outline the guides from the wings of the nose to the inner corners of the eyes. From the corners of the mouth to the center of the eye.

How to draw poppies

Step Four

• Add an eye and an eyebrow at their respective levels.
• Ear mark on the central vertical axis. We start drawing it from the line of the eyes, and finish at the level of the nose.
• We plan neck. Behind it is attached to the skull at the level of the line of the nose, in front, approximately opposite the outer corner of the eye.

We wipe the previously marked markup, square and guides.

• Draw the eye pupil and eyelids.
• We show the shape of the lips, the shadow on the upper lip and under the lower one.
• We draw the ear.
• We show the relief of the jaw under the ear.

Step Five

Add hair and emphasize the shadows. We refine the facial features, the shape of the nose, chin, forehead, draw the eye, add eyelashes, highlight the lips. We get a portrait of a girl in profile:

Scheme for drawing a human head

Using this scheme, you can draw various portraits in profile, female and male. When you practice enough, you will be able to draw a person’s face correctly and beautifully and without prior marking and diagram presenting it in your head. Although, a square with center lines helps to avoid mistakes and is a reliable support in building a human head.

diagrams for drawing a human head

You can print these diagrams and use them to practice drawing different faces with a pencil, try to give them different features. For example: a big hooked nose, or small lips, two chins or frowning powerful eyebrows, big ears…

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