Does Stoltz have an ideal? What are the life ideals of Stolz? (according to the novel by I.A

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The difference in the characters and life ideals of Oblomov and Stolz was laid in childhood. Stolz received a strict European upbringing. From childhood, he was instilled with good manners, taught to stay in society, forced to read different books, learn poems.
Upbringing

It had a great influence on Andrei, he is constantly on the move, travels to the world, reads smart books: “In the moral administration of his life, he sought a balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit.” Stolz lived according to an exact plan, according to a budget, there was nothing superfluous in his actions: “He didn’t have extra movements.” Most of all, he was afraid of imagination, of any dream, there was no place for this in his soul.

What was not subjected to analysis, Stoltz perceived as an optical illusion. He had no idols, but he retained the strength of the soul.
This man lived in the name of the cause: "for the labor itself." Stolz is shown as a "renovator" of Russian society, just such a person can change the world and life.

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What are the life ideals of Stolz? (based on the novel by I. A. Goncharov “Oblomov”)

Oblomov and Stolz

Stolz - Oblomov's antipode (Principle of antithesis)

The whole figurative system of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" is aimed at revealing the character, essence of the protagonist. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a bored gentleman lying on the couch, dreaming of transformations and a happy life with his family, but doing nothing to make dreams come true. The antipode of Oblomov in the novel is the image of Stolz. Andrei Ivanovich Stolz is one of the main characters, a friend of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, the son of Ivan Bogdanovich Stolz, a Russified German who manages an estate in the village of Verkhlev, five miles from Oblomovka. In the first two chapters of the second part there is a detailed account of the life of Stolz, of the conditions in which his active character was formed.

1. Common features:

a) age (“Stolz is the same age as Oblomov and he is already over thirty”);

b) religion;

c) studying at the boarding house of Ivan Stolz in Verkhlev;

d) service and quick retirement;

e) love for Olga Ilyinskaya;

e) kindness to each other.

2. Various features:

a ) portrait;

Oblomov . “He was a man of about thirty-two or three years of age, of medium height, of pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with absence: any definite idea, any concentration in facial features.

«… flabby beyond years: from lack of movement or air. In general, his body, judging by the matte, too white color of the neck, small plump hands, soft shoulders seemed too effeminate for a man. His movements, when he was even alarmed, were also restrained softness and laziness not devoid of a kind of grace.

Stolz- the same age as Oblomov, he is already over thirty. The portrait of Sh. contrasts with the portrait of Oblomov: “He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse. He is thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, that is, bone and muscle, but no sign of fat roundness ... "

Getting acquainted with the portrait characteristics of this hero, we understand that Stolz is a strong, energetic, purposeful person who is alien to daydreaming. But this almost ideal personality resembles a mechanism, not a living person, and this repels the reader.

b) parents, a family;

Oblomov's parents are Russian, he grew up in a patriarchal family.

Stolz - a native of the bourgeois class (his father left Germany, wandered around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of the estate). “Stolz was only half German, according to his father; his mother was Russian; he professed the Orthodox faith, his native speech was Russian ... ". The mother was afraid that Stolz, under the influence of his father, would become a rude burgher, but the Russian environment of Stolz interfered.

c) education;

Oblomov passed "from embraces to embraces of relatives and friends", his upbringing was of a patriarchal nature.

Ivan Bogdanovich raised his son strictly: “From the age of eight, he sat with his father at a geographical map, sorted out the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, burghers and factory workers, and read sacred history with his mother, taught Krylov’s fables and disassembled the warehouses of Telemachus.”

When Stolz grew up, his father began to take him to the field, to the market, forced him to work. Then Stoltz began to send his son to the city with instructions, "and it never happened that he forgot something, changed it, overlooked it, made a mistake."

Upbringing, like education, was ambivalent: dreaming that a “good bursh” would grow out of his son, the father encouraged boyish fights in every possible way, without which his son could not do a day. If Andrei appeared without a lesson prepared “by heart”, Ivan Bogdanovich sent his son to where he came from - and every time the young Stlz returned with lessons learned.

From his father, he received a “labor, practical education”, and his mother introduced him to the beautiful, tried to put a love of art and beauty into the soul of little Andrei. His mother "in her son ... dreamed of the ideal of a gentleman," and his father taught him to work hard, not at all lordly work.

d) attitude towards studying in a boarding house;

Oblomov studied "out of necessity", "serious reading tired him", "but the poets touched ... to the quick"

Stolz always studied well, was interested in everything. And he was a tutor at his father's boarding school

e) further education;

Oblomov lived in Oblomovka until the age of twenty, then graduated from the university.

Stolz Brilliantly graduated from the university. Parting with his father, sending him from Verkhlev to St. Petersburg, Stolz. says that he will certainly fulfill his father's advice and go to an old friend of Ivan Bogdanovich Reingold - but only when he, Stolz, has a four-story house, like Reinhold. Such autonomy and independence, as well as self-confidence. - the basis of the character and worldview of the younger Stolz, which his father so ardently supports and which Oblomov so lacks.

f) lifestyle;

“Lying at Ilya Ilyich’s was his normal state”

Stolz has a thirst for activity

g) housekeeping;

Oblomov did not do business in the village, received an insignificant income and lived in debt.

Stolz serves with success, retires to pursue his own business; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that sends goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, throughout Russia.

h) life aspirations;

Oblomov, in his youth, "prepared for the field", thought about his role in society, about family happiness, then he excluded social activities from his dreams, his ideal was a carefree life in unity with nature, family, friends.

Stoltz, chose an active beginning in his youth ... Stoltz's ideal of life is unceasing and meaningful work, it is "the image, content, element and purpose of life."

i) views on society;

Oblomov believes that all members of the world and society are “dead, sleeping people”, they are characterized by insincerity, envy, a desire to “get a high-profile rank” by any means, he is not a supporter of progressive forms of housekeeping.

According to Stolz, with the help of the construction of “schools”, “marinas”, “fairs”, “highways”, the old, patriarchal “fragments” should turn into well-maintained estates that generate income.

j) attitude towards Olga;

Oblomov wanted to see a loving woman who could create a serene family life.

Stolz marries Olga Ilyinskaya, and Goncharov tries in their active alliance, full of work and beauty, to imagine an ideal family, a true ideal that fails in Oblomov's life: “We worked together, dined, went to the fields, made music as Oblomov dreamed of ... Only there was no drowsiness, despondency with them, they spent their days without boredom and without apathy; there was no languid look, no word; the conversation did not end with them, it was often hot.

k) relationship and mutual influence;

Oblomov considered Stolz his only friend, able to understand and help, he listened to his advice, but Stoltz failed to break Oblomovism.

Stolz highly valued the kindness and sincerity of the soul of his friend Oblomov. Stolz is doing everything to awaken Oblomov to activity. In friendship with Oblomov Stolz. also turned out to be on top: he replaced the rogue manager, destroyed the intrigues of Tarantiev and Mukhoyarov, who tricked Oblomov into signing a fake loan letter.

Oblomov is used to living at the behest of Stolz in the smallest matters, he needs the advice of a friend. Without Stolz, Ilya Ilyich cannot decide on anything, however, and Oblomov is in no hurry to follow the advice of Stolz: their concept of life, work, and application of forces is too different.

After the death of Ilya Ilyich, a friend takes on the upbringing of Oblomov's son, Andryusha, named after him.

m) self-esteem ;

Oblomov constantly doubted himself. Stolz never doubts himself.

m) character traits ;

Oblomov is inactive, dreamy, sloppy, indecisive, soft, lazy, apathetic, not devoid of subtle emotional experiences.

Stolz is active, sharp, practical, accurate, loves comfort, open in spiritual manifestations, reason prevails over feeling. Stolz could control his feelings and was "afraid of every dream". Happiness for him was constancy. According to Goncharov, he "knew the value of rare and expensive properties and spent them so sparingly that he was called an egoist, insensitive ...".

The meaning of the images of Oblomov and Stolz.

Goncharov reflected in Oblomov the typical features of the patriarchal nobility. Oblomov absorbed the contradictory features of the Russian national character.

Stolz in Goncharov's novel was assigned the role of a person who could break Oblomovism and revive the hero. According to critics, the vagueness of Goncharov's idea of the role of "new people" in society led to the unconvincing image of Stolz. As conceived by Goncharov, Stolz is a new type of Russian progressive figure. However, he does not portray the hero in a specific activity. The author only informs the reader about what Stoltz was, what he achieved. Showing the Parisian life of Stolz with Olga, Goncharov wants to reveal the breadth of his views, but in fact reduces the hero

So, the image of Stolz in the novel not only clarifies the image of Oblomov, but is also interesting to readers for its originality and the complete opposite of the main character. Dobrolyubov says about him: “He is not the person who will be able to tell us this almighty word “forward!” in a language understandable to the Russian soul. Dobrolyubov, like all revolutionary democrats, saw the ideal of a "man of action" in serving the people, in the revolutionary struggle. Stoltz is far from this ideal. However, next to Oblomov and Oblomovism, Stolz was still a progressive phenomenon.

All his life, Goncharov dreamed of finding harmony between feelings and reason. He reflected on the strength and poverty of the "man of reason", on the charm and weakness of the "man of the heart". In Oblomov, this idea became one of the leading ones. In this novel, two types of male characters are contrasted: the passive and weak Oblomov, with his golden heart and pure soul, and the energetic Stolz, who overcomes any circumstances with the power of his mind and will. However, Goncharov's human ideal is not personified in either way. Stolz does not seem to the writer a more complete person than Oblomov, whom he also looks at with “sober eyes”. Impartially exposing the "extremes" of the nature of both, Goncharov advocated the completeness and integrity of the spiritual world of man with all the diversity of its manifestations.

At the beginning of the story, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a little over thirty years old, he is a pillar nobleman, the owner of three hundred and fifty souls of serfs, which he inherited. Having served after graduating from Moscow University for three years in one of the capital's departments, he retired with the rank of collegiate secretary. Since then, he lived in St. Petersburg without a break. The novel begins with a description of one of his days, his habits and character. By that time, Oblomov's life had turned into a lazy "crawling from day to day." Retiring from vigorous activity, he lay on the sofa and irritably argued with Zakhar, his serf servant, who was courting him. Revealing the social roots of Oblomovism, Goncharov shows that "it all started with the inability to put on stockings, and ended with the inability to live."

Brought up in a patriarchal noble family, Ilya Ilyich perceived life in Oblomovka, his family estate, with its peace and inactivity, as the ideal of human existence.
The three main acts of life were constantly played out before the eyes of little Ilyusha in childhood: homeland, weddings, funerals. Then their divisions followed: christenings, name days, family holidays. All life pathos is concentrated on this. This was the "wide expanse of aristocratic life" with its idleness, which forever became the ideal of life for Oblomov.

All Oblomovites treated work as a punishment and did not like it, considering it something humiliating. Therefore, life in the eyes of Ilya Ilyich was divided into two halves. One consisted of work and boredom, and these were synonymous for him. The other is from peace and peaceful fun. In Oblomovka, Ilya Ilyich was also instilled with a sense of superiority over other people. The “other” cleans his own boots, dresses himself, runs off for whatever he needs. This "other" has to work tirelessly. Ilyusha, on the other hand, “was brought up tenderly, he did not tolerate cold or hunger, he did not know the need, he did not earn bread for himself, he did not do dirty work.” And he considered studying a punishment sent by heaven for sins, and avoided schoolwork at every opportunity. After graduating from the university, he was no longer engaged in his education, was not interested in science, art, politics.

When Oblomov was young, he expected a lot from fate and from himself. He was preparing to serve the fatherland, play a prominent role in public life, dreamed of family happiness. But days passed after days, and he was still going to start life, he kept drawing his future in his mind. However, "the flower of life blossomed and did not bear fruit."

The future service seemed to him not in the form of a harsh activity, but in the form of some kind of “family activity”. It seemed to him that officials serving together constitute a close-knit and friendly family, all members of which tirelessly care for mutual pleasure. However, his youthful ideas were deceived. Unable to bear the difficulties, he resigned after serving only three years and accomplishing nothing significant.

It happened that, lying on the couch, he would inflame with a desire to point out to mankind its vices. He will quickly change two or three poses, with shining eyes, he will rise up on the bed and look around with inspiration. It seems that his high effort is about to turn into a feat and bring good consequences to humanity. Sometimes he imagines himself an invincible commander: he will invent a war, arrange new crusades, perform feats of kindness and generosity. Or, imagining himself as a thinker, an artist, he reaps laurels in his imagination, everyone worships him, the crowd chases after him. However, in reality, he was not able to understand the management of his own estate and easily became the prey of such scammers as Tarantiev and the "brother" of his landlady.

In contrast to the passive and inactive Oblomov, Stolz was conceived by the author as a completely unusual figure. Goncharov strove to make it attractive to the reader with his "deliberateness", rational skillful practicality. These qualities have not yet been characteristic of the heroes of Russian literature.

The son of a German burgher and a Russian noblewoman, Andrei Stoltz received a labor, practical education from childhood thanks to his father. It, combined with the poetic influence of his mother, made him a distinct personality. In contrast to the rounded Oblomov, he was thin, all consisted of muscles and nerves. There was some kind of freshness and strength from him. “Just as there was nothing superfluous in his body, so in the moral administration of his life he was looking for a balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit.” “He walked through life firmly, cheerfully, lived on a budget, trying to spend every day, like every ruble.” He attributed the cause of any failure to himself, "and did not hang, like a caftan, on someone else's nail." He sought to develop a simple and direct outlook on life. Most of all, he was afraid of imagination, "this two-faced companion," and any dream, so everything mysterious and mysterious had no place in his soul. Everything that is not subjected to the analysis of experience does not correspond to practical truth, he considered a deception.

Although Oblomov has nothing to object to Stolz's reproaches, some spiritual rightness lies in Ilya Ilyich's confession that he failed to understand this life.

If at the beginning of the novel Goncharov speaks more about Oblomov's laziness, then at the end the theme of Oblomov's "golden heart", which he carried unharmed through life, sounds more and more insistently. Oblomov's misfortune is connected not only with the social environment, the influence of which he could not resist. It is also contained in the "disastrous excess of the heart." Softness, delicacy, vulnerability of the hero disarm his will and make him powerless before people and circumstances.

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All his life, Goncharov dreamed of finding harmony between feelings and reason. He reflected on the strength and poverty of the "man of reason", on the charm and weakness of the "man of the heart". In "Oblomov" this idea has become one of the leading ones. In this novel, two types of male characters are contrasted: the passive and weak Oblomov, with his golden heart and pure soul, and the energetic Stolz, who overcomes any circumstances with the power of his mind and will. However, Goncharov's human ideal is not personified in either way. Stolz does not seem to the writer a more complete person than Oblomov, whom he also looks at with "sober eyes." Impartially exposing the "extremes" of the nature of both, Goncharov advocated the completeness and integrity of the spiritual world of man with all the diversity of its manifestations.

Each of the main characters of the novel had their own understanding of the meaning of life, their life ideals, which they dreamed of realizing.

At the beginning of the story, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a little over thirty years old, he is a pillar nobleman, the owner of three hundred and fifty souls of serfs, which he inherited. Having served after graduating from Moscow University for three years in one of the capital's departments, he retired with the rank of collegiate secretary. Since then, he lived in St. Petersburg without a break. The novel begins with a description of one of his days, his habits and character. By that time, Oblomov's life had turned into a lazy "crawling from day to day." Retiring from vigorous activity, he lay on the sofa and irritably argued with Zakhar, his serf servant, who was courting him. Revealing the social roots of Oblomovism, Goncharov shows that "everything began with the inability to put on stockings, and ended with the inability to live."

Brought up in a patriarchal noble family, Ilya Ilyich perceived life in Oblomovka, his family estate, with its peace and inactivity, as the ideal of human existence. The norm of life was ready and taught to the Oblomovites by their parents, and they took it from their parents. The three main acts of life were constantly played out before the eyes of little Ilyusha in childhood: homeland, weddings, funerals. Then their divisions followed: christenings, name days, family holidays. All life pathos is concentrated on this. This was the "wide expanse of aristocratic life" with its idleness, which forever became the ideal of life for Oblomov.

All Oblomovites treated work as a punishment and did not like it, considering it something humiliating. Therefore, life in the eyes of Ilya Ilyich was divided into two halves. One consisted of work and boredom, and these were synonymous for him. The other is from peace and peaceful fun. In Oblomovka, Ilya Ilyich was also instilled with a sense of superiority over other people. The “other” cleans his own boots, dresses himself, runs off for whatever he needs. This "other" has to work tirelessly. Ilyusha, on the other hand, "was brought up tenderly, he did not tolerate cold or hunger, he did not know the need, he did not earn bread for himself, he did not do dirty work." And he considered studying a punishment sent by heaven for sins, and avoided schoolwork at every opportunity. After graduating from the university, he was no longer engaged in his education, was not interested in science, art, politics.

The future service seemed to him not in the form of a harsh activity, but in the form of some kind of "family activity." It seemed to him that officials serving together constitute a close-knit and friendly family, all members of which tirelessly care for mutual pleasure. However, his youthful ideas were deceived. Unable to bear the difficulties, he resigned after serving only three years and accomplishing nothing significant.

Only the youthful glow of his friend Stolz could still infect Oblomov, and in his dreams he sometimes burned out of a thirst for work and a distant but attractive goal. It happened that, lying on the couch, he would inflame with a desire to point out to mankind its vices. He will quickly change two or three poses, with shining eyes, he will rise up on the bed and look around with inspiration. It seems that his high effort is about to turn into a feat and bring good consequences to mankind. Sometimes he imagines himself an invincible commander: he will invent a war, arrange new crusades, perform feats of kindness and generosity. Or, imagining himself as a thinker, an artist, he reaps laurels in his imagination, everyone worships him, the crowd chases after him. However, in reality, he was not able to understand the management of his own estate and easily became the prey of such swindlers as Tarantiev and the "brother" of his landlady.

Over time, he developed remorse, which haunted him. He was hurt for his underdevelopment, for the heaviness that prevented him from living. He was gnawed by envy that others live so fully and widely, but something prevents him from boldly going through life. He painfully felt that a good and bright beginning was buried in him, as in a grave. He tried to find the culprit outside himself and did not find. However, apathy and indifference quickly replaced anxiety in his soul, and he again slept peacefully on his sofa.

Even love for Olga did not revive him to practical life. Faced with the need to act, overcoming the difficulties that stood in the way, he became frightened and retreated. Having settled on the Vyborg side, he completely abandoned himself to the cares of Agafya Pshenitsyna, finally withdrawing from active life.

In addition to this inability brought up by the nobility, many other things prevent Oblomov from being active. He really feels the objectively existing separation of the "poetic" and the "practical" in life, and this is the cause of his bitter disappointment. He is outraged that the highest meaning of human existence in society is often replaced by a false, imaginary content. Although Oblomov has nothing to object to Stolz's reproaches, some spiritual rightness lies in Ilya Ilyich's confession that he failed to understand this life.

If at the beginning of the novel Goncharov speaks more about Oblomov's laziness, then at the end the theme of Oblomov's "golden heart" sounds more and more insistently, which he carried unscathed through life. Oblomov's misfortune is connected not only with the social environment, the influence of which he could not resist. It is also contained in the "disastrous excess of the heart." Softness, delicacy, vulnerability of the hero disarm his will and make him powerless before people and circumstances.

The son of a German burgher and a Russian noblewoman, Andrei Stoltz received a labor, practical education from childhood thanks to his father. It, combined with the poetic influence of his mother, made him a distinct personality. In contrast to the rounded Oblomov, he was thin, all consisted of muscles and nerves. There was some kind of freshness and strength from him. "Just as there was nothing superfluous in his body, so in the moral administrations of his life he was looking for a balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit." "He walked through life firmly, cheerfully, lived on a budget, trying to spend every day, like every ruble." He attributed the cause of any failure to himself, "and did not hang, like a caftan, on someone else's nail." He sought to develop a simple and direct outlook on life. Most of all, he was afraid of imagination, "this two-faced companion," and any dream, so everything mysterious and mysterious had no place in his soul. Everything that is not subjected to the analysis of experience does not correspond to practical truth, he considered a deception. Labor was the image, content, element and purpose of his life. Above all, he put perseverance in achieving goals: this was a sign of character in his eyes.

Emphasizing the rationalism and strong-willed qualities of his hero, Goncharov, however, was aware of Stolz's heartfelt callousness. Apparently, the man of the "budget", emotionally confined to rigid and narrow limits, is not Goncharov's hero. One mercantile comparison: Stoltz spends "every day" of his life like "every ruble" - removes him from the author's ideal. Goncharov also speaks of the "moral functions of the personality" of his hero as the physiological work of the body or the "execution of official duties." You can't "send" friendly feelings. But in relation to Stolz Oblomov, this shade is present.

In the development of the action, Stolz gradually manifests himself as "not a hero." For Goncharov, who sang the holy recklessness of Chatsky and perfectly understood the anxiety of great spiritual demands, this was a sign of inner insufficiency. The absence of a lofty goal, an understanding of the meaning of human life, is constantly revealed, despite Stolz's vigorous activity in the practical sphere. He has nothing to say to Oblomov in response to the recognition that his friend did not find meaning in the life around him. Having received Olga's consent to the marriage, Stolz utters puzzling words: "Everything is found, there is nothing to look for, there is nowhere else to go." And later he carefully tries to persuade the alarmed Olga to put up with "rebellious questions", excluding "Faustian" anxiety from his life.

Remaining objective in relation to all his characters, the writer explores the inner possibilities of various contemporary human types, finding strength and weakness in each of them. However, Russian reality has not yet waited for its true hero. According to Dobrolyubov, the real historical cause in Russia was not in the sphere of practicality and businesslikeness, but in the sphere of the struggle for the renewal of the social order. An active existence and new, active people were still only a prospect, already very close, but still not a reality. It has already become clear what kind of person Russia does not need, but the type of activity and the type of figure that it needs were still elusive.

"Oblomov" - Andrey Stolz (part 2, chapters 1 - 5). Lilac branch. Family happiness Oblomov. Portrait as a means of creating an image. I. A. Goncharov "Oblomov". M. Yu. Lermontov. Read chapter 1 and answer the question: Analysis of the episode "Oblomov's Dream" (chapter 9). Olga Ilinskaya and Ilya Oblomov. What is a portrait? Love story.

"Roman Oblomov" - The novel "An Ordinary Story" Ill. Roman I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ill. Yu.S. Gershkovich 1981. Zakhar - A. Popov; Oblomov - O. Tabakov. A frame from the film A Few Days in the Life of I.I. Oblomov. Trilogy by Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov: Directed by N.S. Mikhalkov. 1980. In the living room before dinner. Frame from the film. Yu.Gershkovich 1982.

"Oblomov Goncharov" - Room (interior). Article "What is Oblomovism?". Ordinary history (1844 - 1846). I.A. Goncharov. The novel "Oblomov". Hero portrait. Oblomov in the system of author's reasoning. A. V. Druzhinin, liberal critic. Precipice (1868). From the history of the creation of the river. Contemporaries about the novel "Oblomov". Ilya Ilyich Oblomov.

"Oblomov in Goncharov's novel" - One day in the life of Oblomov. The chapter "Oblomov's Dream" shows the origins of the hero's character. Stolz. The second and third parts are devoted to the love story of Oblomov and Olga Ilyinskaya. Oblomov's love story. On the face of no sleep, no fatigue, no boredom. Oblomov and Stolz. Oblomov's dream. Olga Ilinskaya. The image of Olga Ilyinskaya is the creative success of I.A. Goncharov.

"Goncharov Oblomov" - The role of details in I.A. Goncharov. Oblomov did not pass the test of love. The role of the detail in the work of I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". Portrait of I.I. Oblomov. Sleepy interior. Portrait details. Interior. The robe is a symbol of immobility and laziness. The sofa is a symbol of inactivity, laziness and apathy. Plot details. Oblomov's interior is similar to Manilov's.

"Goncharov's novel Oblomov" - 1855-1857 – travel essays “Frigate “Pallada”. Restore the composition of the dream: highlight the main thematic parts. N.Mikhailovsky. Stolz. The circle of life of Ilya Ilyich. “Olga is a moderate, balanced missionary. Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov 1812 - 1891. Vyborg side. Why get up off the couch?

What are the life ideals of Stolz? (based on the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov")

In I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”, Andrey Stolz is the antipode of Oblomov. Every feature of Stolz is a blatant protest against the qualities of Oblomov. The first loves an active and interesting life, the second often falls into apathy, he is like a snail that is afraid to get out of its shell. The difference in the characters and life ideals of Oblomov and Stolz was laid in childhood. Stolz received a strict European upbringing. From childhood, he was instilled with good manners, taught to stay in society, forced to read different books, learn poems.
Upbringing had a great influence on Andrei, he is constantly on the move, travels to the world, reads smart books: “In the moral administration of his life, he was looking for a balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit.” Stolz lived according to an exact plan, according to a budget, there was nothing superfluous in his actions: "He had no extra movements." Most of all, he was afraid of imagination, of any dream, there was no place for this in his soul. What was not subjected to analysis, Stoltz perceived as an optical illusion. He had no idols, but he retained the strength of the soul.
This man lived in the name of the cause: "for labor itself." Stolz is shown as a "renovator" of Russian society, just such a person can change the world and life.

Introduction

Goncharov's work "Oblomov" is a socio-psychological novel built on the literary method of antithesis. The principle of opposition can be traced both when comparing the characters of the main characters, and their basic values and life path. Comparison of the way of life of Oblomov and Stolz in the novel "Oblomov" allows us to better understand the ideological intent of the work, to understand the reasons for the tragedy of the fates of both heroes.

Features of the lifestyle of heroes

The central character of the novel is Oblomov. Ilya Ilyich is afraid of life's difficulties, does not want to do or decide anything. Any difficulty and the need to act cause sadness in the hero and plunge him even more into an apathetic state. That is why Oblomov, after the first failure in the service, no longer wanted to try his hand at a career field and took refuge from the outside world on his favorite sofa, trying not only not to leave the house, but not even get out of bed unless absolutely necessary. The way of life of Ilya Ilyich is similar to a slow dying - both spiritual and physical. The personality of the hero is gradually degrading, and he himself is completely immersed in illusions and dreams that are not destined to come true.

Stolz, on the contrary, is spurred on by difficulties, any mistake for him is just an excuse to move on, achieving more. Andrei Ivanovich is in constant motion - business trips, meetings with friends and social evenings are an integral part of his life. Stolz looks at the world soberly and rationally, there are no surprises, illusions and strong shocks in his life, because he calculated everything in advance and understands what to expect in each specific situation.

The lifestyle of heroes and their childhood

The development and formation of the images of Oblomov and Stolz is shown by the author from the earliest years of the heroes. Their childhood, youthful and mature years proceed differently, they are instilled with different values and life orientations, which only emphasizes the dissimilarity of the characters.

Oblomov grew like a greenhouse plant, fenced off from the possible influences of the outside world. Parents spoiled little Ilya in every possible way, indulged his desires, were ready to do everything to make their son happy and satisfied. The very atmosphere of Oblomovka, the hero's native estate, requires special attention. Slow, lazy and poorly educated villagers considered work to be something like a punishment. Therefore, they tried in every possible way to avoid it, and if they had to work, they worked reluctantly, without any inspiration or desire. Naturally, this could not but affect Oblomov, who from an early age absorbed the love of an idle life, absolute idleness, when Zakhar can always do everything for you - as lazy and slow as his master. Even when Ilya Ilyich finds himself in a new, urban environment, he does not want to change his lifestyle and start working intensively. Oblomov simply closes himself off from the outside world and creates in his imagination a certain idealized prototype of Oblomovka, in which he continues to “live”.

Stolz's childhood goes differently, which is primarily due to the roots of the hero - a strict German father tried to raise a worthy bourgeois from his son, who could achieve everything in life on his own, without fear of any work. The refined mother of Andrei Ivanovich, on the contrary, wanted her son to achieve a brilliant secular reputation in society, so from an early age she instilled in him a love of books and arts. All this, as well as the evenings and receptions regularly held at the Stoltsev estate, influenced little Andrey, forming an extroverted, educated and purposeful personality. The hero was interested in everything new, he knew how to confidently move forward, therefore, after graduating from the university, he easily took his place in society, becoming an indispensable person for many. Unlike Oblomov, who perceived any activity as an aggravating necessity (even university studies or reading a long book), for Stolz his activity was an impulse for further personal, social and career development.

Similarities and differences in the lifestyle of heroes

If the differences in the lifestyles of Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolz are noticeable and obvious almost immediately, correlating respectively as a passive, leading to degradation lifestyle and an active one, aimed at comprehensive development, then their similarities are visible only after a detailed analysis of the characters. Both heroes are "superfluous" people for their era, they both do not live in the present, and therefore are in constant search of themselves and their true happiness. The introverted, slow Oblomov clings with all his might to his past, to the "heavenly", idealized Oblomovka - a place where he will always feel good and calm.

Stoltz, on the other hand, strives exclusively for the future. He perceives his past as a valuable experience and does not try to cling to it. Even their friendship with Oblomov is full of unrealizable plans for the future - about how you can transform the life of Ilya Ilyich, make it more vivid and real. Stolz is always one step ahead, so it is difficult for him to be an ideal husband for Olga (however, Oblomov's "extra" nature in the novel also becomes an obstacle to developing relations with Olga).

Such isolation from others and inner loneliness, which Oblomov fills with illusions, and Stolz with thoughts of work and self-improvement, become the basis of their friendship. The characters unconsciously see in each other the ideal of their own existence, while completely denying their friend’s lifestyle, considering it either too active and saturated (Oblomov was upset even by the fact that he had to walk for a long time in boots, and not in his usual soft slippers), or excessively lazy and inactive (at the end of the novel, Stolz says that it was the “Oblomovism” that ruined Ilya Ilyich).

Conclusion

On the example of the way of life of Oblomov and Stolz, Goncharov showed how the fates of people who come from the same social stratum, but who received a different upbringing, can differ. Depicting the tragedy of both characters, the author shows that a person cannot live hiding from the whole world in an illusion or giving himself excessively to others, up to mental exhaustion - in order to be happy, it is important to find harmony between these two directions.

Artwork test

Who is Stolz? Goncharov does not force the reader to puzzle over this issue. In the first two chapters of the second part there is a detailed account of the life of Stolz, of the conditions in which his active character was formed. “Stolz was only half German, according to his father; his mother was Russian; he professed the Orthodox faith, his native speech was Russian ... ". Goncharov first tries to show that Stolz is more Russian than German: after all, the most important thing is that his faith and language are the same as those of Russians. But the further, the more German qualities begin to appear in him: independence, perseverance in achieving his goals, thrift.
The unique character of Stolz was formed under the influence of two forces - soft and hard, at the junction of two cultures - Russian and German. From his father, he received a “labor, practical education”, and his mother introduced him to the beautiful, tried to put a love of art and beauty into the soul of little Andrei. His mother "in her son ... dreamed of the ideal of a gentleman," and his father taught him to work hard, not at all lordly work.
Practical intelligence, love of life, courage helped Stoltz succeed after he left at the insistence of his father to study in St. Petersburg ...
As conceived by Goncharov, Stolz is a new type of Russian progressive figure. However, he does not portray the hero in a specific activity. The author only informs the reader about what Stoltz was, what he achieved. He "served, retired ... went about his business, ... made a house and money, ... learned Europe as his estate, ... saw Russia far and wide, ... travels into the world."
If we talk about the ideological position of Stolz, then he "searched for a balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit." Stolz could control his feelings and was "afraid of every dream". Happiness for him was constancy. According to Goncharov, he "knew the value of rare and expensive properties and spent them so sparingly that he was called an egoist, insensitive ...". In a word, Goncharov created such a hero that Russia has long lacked. For the author, Stolz is the force that is able to revive the Oblomovs and destroy the Oblomovs. In my opinion, Goncharov somewhat idealizes the image of Stolz, setting him as an example to the reader as an impeccable person. But by the end of the novel, it turns out that salvation did not come to Russia with the advent of Stolz. Dobrolyubov explains this by saying that "now there is no ground for them" in Russian society. For a more productive activity of the Stolts, it is necessary to reach some compromise with the Oblonovs. That is why Andrei Stoltz takes on the upbringing of the son of Ilya Ilyich.
Stolz is, of course, the antipode of Oblomov. Each character trait of the first is a sharp protest against the qualities of the second. Stolz loves life - Oblomov often falls into apathy; Stolz has a thirst for activity, for Oblomov the best activity is relaxing on the couch. The origins of this opposition are in the education of heroes. Reading the description of the life of little Andrey, you involuntarily compare it with the life of Ilyusha. Thus, already at the very beginning of the novel, two completely different characters, two life paths appear before the reader ...

With the aggravation of the crisis of autocracy in Russia in the mid-nineteenth century, a new wave of reformist people appeared in the country: educated, active, ready to turn this life around. Namely, such “new” people in the image of Andrei Stolz in the novel “Oblomov” were shown by the writer I.A. Goncharov.

Goncharov's work should be perceived as "a terrible blow to romanticism, dreaminess." Life demanded "new heroes", and they appeared - two antipodes - Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Andrei Stolts, characters in the famous novel "Oblomov".

Critics noted that some of the features of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov were copied from Goncharov himself, whom many considered lazy and spoiled. In addition, the same critics were inclined to believe that the image of Andrei Stolz, who opposes the main character, was written out only by half, which gives rise to mistrust among readers. And the author himself agreed that "the image is pale, not real, not alive, but just an idea." This was probably partly the dream of Goncharov himself about a "new hero" who is replacing the last "superfluous person" Oblomov. This hero was called upon to wake up this sleepy kingdom - Russia.

Andrey Stolz is a man of action. When he runs into the stuffy house to his friend Ilya Ilyich, there is a feeling that a fresh wind is rushing into the room. "The youthful glow of Stolz infected Oblomov, and he burned with a thirst for work, a distant but charming goal."
The novel wonderfully describes two social states: rest (inactivity) and movement (activity). Their practical fruitfulness and at the same time moral security are discussed with the reader on the pages of the novel.

Andrey Stolz is a man who "made himself." Andrei's father is a German burgher. He raised his son in strict rules, accustoming him to work and independence, encouraged boyish fights. Stolz's mother, a Russian noblewoman, on the contrary, sought to raise a true gentleman, a decent, clean boy. From this bizarre combination, the character of Stolz was formed: a combination of German efficiency and efficiency with Russian dreaminess and softness of nature. Stolz's element is constant movement. In his thirties, he feels good only when he feels his need at once in all parts of the world. Namely, he makes a number of attempts to pull Oblomov out of that swamp, into which he almost voluntarily fell. “It began with the inability to put on stockings and ended with the inability to live,” says Stolz about Oblomov. Oblomov, on the contrary, had a very high opinion of his friend: "Stoltz is the mind, strength, the ability to control oneself, others, fate." One of the important components of Stolz's philosophy is to achieve the goal in any way, regardless of obstacles. “Above all, he put perseverance in achieving goals.” Independence, independence, as well as self-confidence are the basis of Andrey Stolz's character and worldview. Thanks to the actions of Stolz, Olga Ilyinskaya appears in Oblomov’s life, who was called upon to “stir up” Ilya Ilyich. True, nothing came of this, but Stolz is not to blame here. At least he did everything he could to save his friend.

Oblomov is not able to take decisive actions, unable to change his life, Stolz, on the contrary, is always ready to act. In the end, he marries Olga Ilinskaya himself. These two heroes are like two Russias: old and new. Which path will she choose? So will it hold on to the old life, or will it boldly step into the future? I.A. Goncharov did not know the answer to this question, but he was sure that changes were needed.

The true "positive hero" of Goncharov's works is progress, an inevitable movement forward. This was the "sign of the times", the seal of the century. However, Goncharov's "anti-romanticism" is sometimes complicated by doubts. The versatility and depth of the picture of the world created by the writer are ensured by the fact that the opposition of "activity" - "inactivity" is not accepted by him unconditionally, it is not without reason that the definition of "objective artist" has been strengthened for Goncharov. The author sets a number of additional requirements for the heroes of the new time. In Oblomov, where the verdict on Oblomovism is pronounced, as if unexpectedly, but actually naturally, admiration for Oblomov’s heart sounds - “this is his natural gold. He carried it unharmed through life." So the social and moral results, while reinforcing each other completely, do not coincide. But, nevertheless, he had to appear - this "new hero", Andrei Stolz - a man of action, a symbol of the new Russia.

Tasks and tests on the topic "Andrey Stolz as a" man of action. "(Based on the novel by I.A. Goncharov" Oblomov ".)"

NGN with subordinate adverbial clauses (subordinate comparisons, modes of action, measures and degrees) - Complex sentence Grade 9

Each person is individual. There are no absolutely identical people, coinciding both in worldview, and in thoughts, and in views on all aspects of life. In this respect, literary heroes are no different from real people.

Oblomov. Stolz. They seem to be completely different people. Oblomov - slow, lazy, not focused. Stolz is energetic, cheerful, purposeful. But these two people love and respect each other, they are true friends. This means that they are not so different, they also have something in common that holds them together. Is it true? Are Oblomov and Stolz really antipodes?

They had known each other since childhood, since Oblomovka and Verkhlevo, where friends lived, were nearby. But how different was the situation in these two parts! Oblomovka is a village of peace, blessings, sleep, laziness, illiteracy, stupidity. Everyone in it lived for his own pleasure, without experiencing any mental, moral and spiritual needs. The Oblomovites had no goals, no troubles; no one thought about why man, the world, was created. They lived their whole lives without much effort, like a flat river that flows quietly, sluggishly along a long-paved even channel, and there are no stones, mountains and other obstacles in its path, it never overflows more than usual, it never dries up; starts its way somewhere, flows very calmly, without making noise, and quietly flows into some lake. No one even notices that there is such a river. So everyone lived in Oblomovka, caring only about food and peace in their village. Few people passed through it, and there was no way for the Oblomovites to find out that someone lived differently, they also had no idea about the sciences, and they didn’t need all this ... Ilyusha lived among such people - beloved, protected by everyone. He was always surrounded by care and tenderness. He was not allowed to do anything himself and generally was not allowed to do everything that any child wants, thereby involving him in the essence of an Oblomovite. His attitude to education and science was also shaped by those around him: “study will not go away”, the main thing is a certificate “that Ilyusha has passed all the sciences and arts”, but the inner “light” of education was unknown to either the Oblomovites or Ilya himself.

In Verkhlevo, it was the other way around. The manager there was Andryusha's father, a German. Therefore, he undertook everything with the pedantry characteristic of this nation, including his son. From the very early childhood of Andryusha, Ivan Bogdanovich forced him to act independently, to look for a way out of all situations himself: from a street fight to carrying out assignments. But this does not mean that the father left Andrei to the mercy of fate - no! He only directed him at the right moments to independent development, the accumulation of experience; later, he simply gave Andrey "ground" on which he could grow without anyone's help (trips to the city, assignments). And the young Stoltz used this "soil", derived the maximum benefit from it. But Andryusha was raised not only by his father. The mother had completely different views on raising her son. She wanted him to grow up not as a "German burgher", but as a highly moral and spiritual, with excellent manners, with "white hands" master. Therefore, she played Hertz for him, sang about flowers, about the poetry of life, about her high calling. And this two-sided upbringing - on the one hand, labor, practical, tough, on the other - gentle, high, poetic - made Stolz an outstanding person, combining diligence, energy, will, practicality, intelligence, poetry and moderate romanticism.

Yes, these two people lived in different environments, but they met as children. Therefore, from childhood, Ilya and Andrei strongly influenced each other. Andryusha liked that calmness, tranquility that Ilya gave him, who received this from Oblomovka. Ilyusha, in turn, was attracted by Andrey's energy, ability to concentrate and do what was necessary. So it was when they grew up and left their native places ...

It's interesting to even compare how they did it. The Oblomovites said goodbye to Ilyusha with tears, bitterness, sadness. They provided him with a long, but very comfortable - otherwise Ilya could not - trip among servants, treats, featherbeds - as if part of Oblomovka separated and sailed away from the village. Andrey said goodbye to his father dryly and quickly - everything that they could say to each other was clear to them without words. And the son, having learned his route, quickly drove along it. Already at this stage in the life of friends, their divergence is visible.

What did they do when they were away from home? How did you study? How did you behave in the world? Oblomov in his youth, the goal of his life was peace, happiness; Stolz - work, spiritual and physical strength. Therefore, Ilya perceived education as another obstacle on the way to the goal, and Andrei - as the main, integral part of life. Ilya Oblomov wanted to serve peacefully, without worries and worries, “like, for example, lazy writing down receipts and expenditures in a notebook.” For Stolz, the service was a duty for which he was ready. This attitude two friends brought from childhood. But what about love? Ilya "never surrendered to beauties, he was never their slave, even a very diligent admirer, already because great troubles lead to rapprochement with women." Andrei "was not blinded by beauty and therefore did not forget, did not humiliate the dignity of a man, was not a slave, "did not lie at the feet" of beauties, although he did not experience fiery passions. Girls could only be his girlfriends. Because of this same rationalism, Stolz always had friends. At first, Oblomov also had them, but, over time, they began to tire him, and, slowly, he very much limited his social circle.

Time went on and on ... Stolz developed - Oblomov "withdrew into himself." And now they are over thirty years old. What are they?

Stolz is super-energetic, muscular, active, firmly on his feet, amassed a large capital, a scientist who travels a lot. He has friends everywhere, he is respected as a strong personality. He is one of the main representatives of the trading company. He is cheerful, cheerful, hardworking ... but he internally gets tired of such a rhythm of life. And then a childhood friend helps him - Ilya Oblomov, cordiality, calmness, peace of which allow Stoltz to relax. Well, what is the second friend himself?

Ilya does not travel, like Andrey, abroad, on business, in society. He rarely leaves the house at all. He is lazy and does not like fuss, noisy companies, he does not have a single true friend, except for Stolz. His main occupation is to lie on the sofa in his favorite dressing gown among dust and dirt, sometimes in the company of people "without bread, without craft, without hands for productivity and only with a stomach for consumption, but almost always with rank and rank." Such is his external existence. But the inner life of dreams and imagination was the main thing for Ilya Ilyich. Everything that he could do in real life, Oblomov does in dreams and dreams - only without physical costs and special mental efforts.

What is life for Oblomov? Obstacles, burden, worries that interfere with peace and blessings. And for Stolz? The enjoyment of any of its forms, and if one does not like it, then Stolz easily changes it.

For Andrei Ivanovich, the basis of everything is reason and labor. For Oblomov - happiness and tranquility. And in love they are the same ... Both friends fell in love with the same girl. In my opinion, Ilya Ilyich fell in love with Olga simply because his untouched heart had been waiting for love for a long time. Stolz fell in love with her not with his heart, but with his mind, he fell in love with Olga's experience, maturity, mind. The prospect of family life in Oblomov's understanding is to live life happily and cheerfully, without worries, without labor, "so that today is like yesterday." For Stolz, marriage to Olga Sergeevna brought mental happiness, and with it spiritual and physical happiness. So he lived the rest of his life - in harmony of mind, soul, heart with Olga. And Oblomov, having “decayed” completely, married a woman who can hardly be called a person. He exchanged Olga's mind, maturity, will for the round elbows of Agafya Matveevna, who had no idea about the existence of qualities due to which a Man can be called a man. I believe that this is the highest point of differences between Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Andrey Ivanovich Stolz.

These two people are childhood friends. At first, because of this, they were similar and united in many aspects of life. But, over time, when Ilya and Andrei grew up, Oblomovka and Verkhlevo - two opposites - had their effect on them, and friends began to differ more and more. Their relationship endured many blows, nevertheless, childhood friendship held them firmly. But already at the end of their life path, they became so different that further normal full-fledged maintenance of relations turned out to be impossible, and they had to be forgotten. Of course, throughout their lives, Oblomov and Stolz were antipodes, antipodes, which were held together by childhood friendship, and were torn apart by different upbringing.

Vitalideals of Oblomov and Stolz

All his life, I. A. Goncharov dreamed of people finding harmony between feelings and reason. He thought about the strength and poverty of "a man oncemind", about the charm and weakness of the "man of the heart".In Oblomov, this idea became one of the leading ones,In this novel, two types of male characters are contrasted: passive and weak Oblomov, withhis heart of gold and pure soul, and energetic Stolz, able to overcome anystanding by the power of your mind and will. However, whatGoncharov's ideal of love is not personifiedvan in none of them. Stolz doesn't seema writer with a more complete personality than ObLomov, at whom he also looks "sobereyes." Impartially exposing "extremes"nature of both, Goncharov advocatedthe fullness of the spiritual world of man with all the diversity of its manifestations.

Each of the main characters in the novel had their own understanding the meaning of life, their life ideasalas that they dreamed of realizing. At the beginningnarration Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a little over thirty years old, he is a pillar nobleman, possessingbody of three hundred and fifty souls of serfsyang he inherited. Having served after graduating from Moscow University for threeyear in one of the metropolitan departments, heretired with the rank of collegiate secretary.Since then, he lived in St. Petersburg without a break. Novelbegins with a description of one of his days, his habits and character. Oblomov's life to thattime turned into a lazy 'cross crawlfrom day to day". Retiring from vigorous activity, he lay on the sofa and irritatedlyquarreled with Zakhar, a serf servant whoRoy took care of him. Revealing socialthe roots of Oblomovism, Goncharov shows that

“it all started with the inability to put on stockings, and it was an inability to live."

Raised in a patriarchal nobility family, Ilya Ilyich perceived life in Oblomovka, his family estate, with its peace and withoutaction as the ideal of a human beingniya. The norm of life was ready and taught oblomovtsam parents, and they took it from their parents. The three main acts of life were constantly played out before the eyes of little Ilyusha in childhood; home, weddings, funerals. Then next gave their divisions: christenings, name days,family holidays. It focuses on thisthe whole pathos of life. This included "shifatal expanse of aristocratic life "with her holidaysness, which has forever become the ideal of life for Ob lomov a.

All Oblomovites treated work as a punishment and did not like it, considering it something humiliating. nym. Therefore, life in the eyes of Ilya Ilyich oncewas divided into two halves. One consisted ofand boredom, and these were synonyms for him.The other is from peace and peaceful fun. V About Lomov ke Ilya Ilyich was also instilled with feelingssuperiority over other people. "Another"cleans his own boots, dresses himself, runs awayfor what you need. This "other" has towork tirelessly. Ilyusha is “brought up tenderlybut, neither cold nor hunger he endured, he did not needI knew I didn’t earn my own bread, it was a dirty businessdid not work." And he considered studying a punishment sent by heaven for sins, and he avoided schoolclasses whenever possible. After graduating from uni university, he was no longer engaged in his education, was not interested in science, art, politics.

When Oblomov was young, he expected a lot from fate, and from himself. Ready to serve fatherland, play a prominent role in public

life, dreamed of family happiness. But the days went by day by day, and he was still going to start life, everythingpictured my future in my mind. However, "the flower of life blossomed and did not bear fruit."

The future service seemed to him not in the form harsh activities, but in the form of some "familiesnogo occupation. It seemed to him that the officialsemployees together constitute a friendly and closea family, all members of which tirelessly care for mutual pleasure. However, his youthfulrepresentations were deceived. Not youpowers of difficulties, he resigned, servedalive only three years and having done nothing significant body.

Only the youthful glow of Stolz could still strike Oblomov, and in his dreams he sometimes burned fromthirst for work and a distant but attractive pricewhether. It happened, lying on the couch, it flared updesire to point out to mankind its vices.He will quickly change two or three poses, with shiningwith his eyes he will rise up on the bed and with inspirationlooks around. It seems that his high mustachewhich is about to turn into a feat and bring good consequences to mankind. Sometimes he imagineshimself an invincible commander: he will invent a war, arrange new crusades, perform feats of goodness and generosity. Or, representinghimself a thinker, an artist, he is in his imaginationreaps laurels in battle, everyone worships him,the crowd is chasing him. However, in reality he was notable to manage their ownestate and easily fell prey to such swindlers as Tarantyev and the bratets "his quarter fiendish hostess.

Over time, he developed remorse, which haunted him. He was in pain for his backwardness, for the heaviness that prevented himlive. He was gnawed by envy that others live like thisfull and wide, but something prevents him from walking boldly

for life. He painfully felt that neck and a bright beginning is buried in it, as in a grave. He tried to find the culprit outside himself and did not finddil. However, apathy and indifference are quickly replaced whether anxiety in his soul, and he again peacefullyslept on his sofa.

Even love for Olga did not revive him to work. tic life. Faced with the needability to act, overcoming those who stand in the waydifficulties, he got scared and retreated. having settledliving on the Vyborg side, he left himself entirely to the care of Agafya Pshenitsyna, windowswithdrawing from active life.

In addition to this inability brought up by the nobility, Many other things prevent Oblomov from being active.goe. He really feels objectively the existing disunity of the “poetic” and"practical" in life, and this is the cause of his bitter disappointment. He is outraged that the highest meaning of human existence in society is often replaced by a false, imaginarycontent "Although Oblomov has nothing to object toStolz's reproaches, some spiritual rightness for included in the confession of Ilya Ilyich that he failed to understand this life.

If at the beginning of the novel Goncharov speaks more rit about Oblomov’s laziness, then at the end the theme of Oblomov’s “golden heart” sounds more and more insistently,which he carried unscathed through life. NotOblomov's happiness is connected not only with socialenvironment, the influence of which he could not resistyat. It is also contained in the "disastrous excess of hearttsa". Softness, delicacy, vulnerability of the hero disarm his will and make him powerless before people and circumstances.

As opposed to passive and idle to Oblomov, Stolz was conceived by a carrum as a completely unusual figure, Houndmoat sought to make it attractive to

reader with his "deliberateness", rational practicality. These qualities have not beencharacteristic of the heroes of Russian literature.

The son of a German burgher and a Russian noblewoman, Andrey Stolts from childhood thanks to his fatherChil labor, practical education. It's incombined with the poetic influence of his mothermade him a special person. UnlikeOutwardly rounded Oblomov, Stolz was thin, all consisted of muscles and nerves. From himexuded some freshness and strength. there was nothing superfluous on his bottom, and in his likingimportant functions of his life, he soughtbalance of practical aspects with subtlethe needs of the spirit." “He walked steadily through life”cheerfully, lived on a budget, trying to spend everyday, like every ruble. He attributed the cause of any failure to himself, "and not toshawl, like a caftan, on someone else's nail. He aspiredto develop a simple and direct view oflife. What he feared most was the imagination,"this two-faced companion" and every dreamtherefore, everything mysterious and mysterious is notthere was a place in his soul. Everything that does not exposeanalysis of experience does not correspond to practicalwhat truth, he considered a deceit. Labor waszom, content, elements and purpose of his lifeneither. Above all, he put perseverance in dostargeting: it was a sign of characterin his eyes. According to the author, the personalitiespa Stolz should belong to the future:“How many Stoltsev should appear under the Russian our names!”

Emphasizing rationalism and strong-willed qualities his hero, Goncharov, however, was aware of thechildish callousness of Stolz. Apparently a man"budget", emotionally contained within rigid and narrow limits, is not the hero of Goncharov, the Writer speaks of "moral matters" personally

ty your hero as about the physiological work of the ganisma or on the departure of official dutiesnews. You can't "send" friendly feelings.However, in relation to Stolz Oblomov, thistint is present.

In the development of the action, Stolz little by little presents himself as "not a hero". For Goncharov, whory sang the holy recklessness of Chatsky andclearly understood the anxiety of great spiritualrequests, it was a sign of internal failure. Lack of a high goal, understandingunderstanding the meaning of human life is constantlythrashing about despite a lot of activityStolz in practice. He has nothing to saycall Oblomov in response to the recognition that hisfriend did not find meaning in the surrounding life. Having received Olga's consent to marriage, Stolz pronouncessits puzzling words: "Everything is found, nothinglook for, nowhere else to go." And later he will carefully try to persuade the alarmedOlga to come to terms with the "rebellious issuemi", excluding from his life the "Faustian" anxiety.

Staying objective with everyone to his characters, the writer explores the innerthe possibilities of various contemporary peopleski types, finding strength and weakness in each ofthem. However, Russian reality is not yetwaiting for her true hero. According to DoBrolyubov, a real historical case in Rosthis was not in the realm of practicality and business, butin the field of struggle for the renewal of social codefret. Active existence and new, asset new people were still only a prospect, alreadyvery close, but still not realstu. It has already become clear what kind of person is not neededRussia" but still elusive was that kind of deactivity and the type of agent that it requires yutsya.

Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" was highly appreciated by critics of the second half of the 19th century. In particular, Belinsky noted that the work was timely and reflected the socio-political thought of the 50-60s of the nineteenth century. Two lifestyles - Oblomov and Stolz - are considered in this article in comparison.

Characteristics of Oblomov

Ilya Ilyich was distinguished by a desire for peace, inaction. Oblomov cannot be called interesting and varied: he used to spend most of the day in thought, lying on the couch. Plunging into these thoughts, he often throughout the day never got up from his bed, did not go out into the street, did not learn the latest news. He did not read newspapers as a matter of principle, so as not to bother himself with unnecessary, and most importantly, meaningless information. Oblomov can be called a philosopher, he is concerned about other issues: not everyday, not momentary, but eternal, spiritual. He looks for meaning in everything.

When looking at him, one gets the impression that he is a happy freethinker, not burdened by the hardships and problems of external life. But life "touches, gets everywhere" Ilya Ilyich, makes him suffer. Dreams remain only dreams, because he does not know how to translate them into real life. Even reading tires him: Oblomov has many books he has begun, but they all remain unread, misunderstood. The soul seems to be dormant in him: he avoids unnecessary anxieties, worries, anxieties. In addition, Oblomov often compares his calm, secluded existence with the lives of other people and finds that it’s not good to live the way others live: “When to live?”

This is what constitutes the ambiguous image of Oblomov. "Oblomov" (Goncharov I.A.) was created in order to describe the personality of this character - uncommon and extraordinary in his own way. He is not alien to impulses and deep emotional experiences. Oblomov is a true dreamer with a poetic, sensitive nature.

Stolz characteristic

Oblomov's way of life can in no way be compared with Stolz's world outlook. The reader first meets this character in the second part of the work. Andrei Stoltz loves everything in order: his day is scheduled by the hour and minute, dozens of important things are planned that need to be urgently redone. Today he is in Russia, tomorrow, you see, he has already unexpectedly gone abroad. What Oblomov finds boring and meaningless is important and significant for him: trips to cities, villages, intentions to improve the quality of life of those around him.

He opens in his soul such treasures that Oblomov cannot even guess. Stolz's way of life consists entirely in activities that feed his whole being with the energy of cheerfulness. In addition, Stolz is a good friend: more than once he helped Ilya Ilyich in business matters. The way of life of Oblomov and Stolz is different from each other.

What is "Oblomovism"?

As a social phenomenon, the concept denotes a focus on an idle, monotonous, devoid of color and any kind of change in life. Andrei Stoltz called "Oblomovism" the very way of life of Oblomov, his desire for endless peace and the absence of any activity. Despite the fact that a friend constantly pushed Oblomov to the opportunity to change the way of existence, he did not budge at all, as if he did not have enough energy to do this. At the same time, we see that Oblomov admits his mistake, uttering the following words: "I have long been ashamed to live in the world." He feels useless, unnecessary and abandoned, and therefore he does not want to dust off the table, sort out books that have been lying there for a month, and leave the apartment once again.

Love in the understanding of Oblomov

Oblomov's way of life did not contribute in any way to the acquisition of real, and not fictitious, happiness. He dreamed and planned more than he actually lived. It is amazing, but in his life there was a place for a quiet rest, philosophical reflections on the essence of being, but there was a lack of strength for decisive action and the implementation of intentions. Love for Olga Ilyinskaya for a while pulls Oblomov out of his usual existence, makes him try new things, start taking care of himself. He even forgets his old habits and sleeps only at night, and goes about his business during the day. But still, love in Oblomov's worldview is directly related to dreams, thoughts and poetry.

Oblomov considers himself unworthy of love: he doubts whether Olga can love him, whether he suits her enough, whether he is capable of making her happiness. Such thoughts lead him to sad thoughts about his useless life.

Love in the understanding of Stolz

Stoltz approaches the issue of love more rationally. He does not indulge in ephemeral dreams in vain, as he soberly looks at life, without fantasy, without the habit of analyzing. Stolz is a business man. He does not need romantic walks in the moonlight, loud declarations of love and sighs on the bench, because he is not Oblomov. Stolz's lifestyle is very dynamic and pragmatic: he proposes to Olga at the moment when he realizes that she is ready to accept him.

What did Oblomov come to?

As a result of protective and cautious behavior, Oblomov misses the opportunity to build a close relationship with Olga Ilyinskaya. His marriage was upset shortly before the wedding - he gathered for too long, explained himself, asked himself, compared, estimated, analyzed Oblomov. The characterization of the image of Oblomov Ilya Ilyich teaches not to repeat the mistakes of an idle, aimless existence, raises the question of what love really is? Is she the object of lofty, poetic aspirations, or is it the calm joy, peace that Oblomov finds in the house of the widow Agafya Pshenitsyna?

Why did Oblomov's physical death occur?

The result of Ilya Ilyich's philosophical reflections is this: he preferred to bury his former aspirations and even lofty dreams in himself. with Olga, his life focused on everyday existence. He knew no greater joy than to eat well and sleep after dinner. Gradually, the engine of his life began to stop, subside: ailments and cases became more frequent. Even his former thoughts left him: there was no longer any place for them in a quiet room that looked like a coffin, in all this sluggish life that lulled Oblomov, more and more away from reality. Mentally, this man was long dead. Physical death was only a confirmation of the falsity of his ideals.

Achievements of Stolz

Stolz, unlike Oblomov, did not miss his chance to become happy: he built family well-being with Olga Ilyinskaya. This marriage was made out of love, in which Stolz did not fly into the clouds, did not stay in destructive illusions, but acted more than reasonably and responsibly.

The way of life of Oblomov and Stolz are diametrically opposed and opposed to each other. Both characters are unique, inimitable and significant in their own way. This may explain the strength of their friendship over the years.

Each of us is close to either the type of Stolz or Oblomov. There is nothing wrong with that, and the coincidences are likely to be only partial. Deep, loving to reflect on the essence of life, most likely, Oblomov's experiences, his restless mental throwing and searching will be understandable. Business pragmatists, who have left romance and poetry far behind, will embody themselves with Stolz.

But the denouement of the main conflict of the novel has another, more significant meaning. Having parted with Olga, Oblomov thereby left Stolz's influence. He settled in the petty-bourgeois house of Pshenitsyna and now lives under the dark rule of Tarantiev and Mukhoyarov. Here he not only returns to his former habits - to a dressing gown, a sofa, etc. Stolz reappears in the novel, not only to sadly see this "fading away", but above all in order to, having taken the place of Oblomov in relations with Olga, to show, in contrast to him, his strength "in the wide arena of a comprehensive life, with all its depth ...". This is how Olga realizes the possibilities of Stolz, and the author himself, as it were, undertakes to show their implementation.

Stolz's social ideals are progressive. These are the bourgeois-reformist ideals of the economic and cultural development of landlord Russia, based on the complete economic establishment of the peasants, on mutual economic "benefit" in the form of a manor and a village, on the development of applied knowledge and literacy among the people. According to Stolz, with the help of the construction of "schools", "marinas", "fairs", "highways", and old, patriarchal "fragments" should also turn into well-maintained, cultural estates that generate income. Stolz himself strives to manage the estates of Oblomov and Olga.

So, being with Olga in Paris, Stoltz constantly met "deep questions" or "questions, doubts, demands" from her side. It was not easy for him to answer them, but nevertheless “he, with the fire of experience in his hands, set off into the labyrinth of her mind, character ...” or “hurried to throw in front of her, with fire and energy, a new supply, new material!”. Further, trying to draw a meaningful life of happy spouses in their cottage, the author does not let the reader go there. Here, too, he is content with meaningful phrases. “Life,” the author writes, “was in full swing, a new question of a restless mind, an anxious heart was heard ...”. They worked together “on endless, asked each other material ...”, etc. When the author became clearly embarrassed by his evasiveness, and he raised the long overdue question: “But what was the subject of these heated debates, quiet conversations, readings? » - he answered it very vaguely and unsuccessfully. “Yes, everything,” he writes. “He (Stolz) was barely enough to keep up with the languid haste of her thought and will.”

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