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June 22, 1941 began as an ordinary day for most people. They didn’t even know that soon this happiness would no longer exist, and children who were born or would be born from 1928 to 1945 would have their childhood stolen from them. Children suffered no less than adults in the war. The Great Patriotic War changed their lives forever.

Children at war. Children who have forgotten how to cry

During the war, children forgot how to cry. If they ended up with the Nazis, they quickly realized that they couldn’t cry, otherwise they would be shot. They are called “children of war” not because of the date of their birth. The war educated them. They had to see real horror. For example, the Nazis often shot at children just for fun. They did this only to watch them run away in horror.

They could have chosen a live target simply to practice their accuracy. Children cannot work hard in the camp, which means they can be killed with impunity. That's what the Nazis thought. However, sometimes there was work for children in concentration camps. For example, they often donated blood to soldiers of the army of the Third Reich... Or they could be forced to remove ashes from the crematorium and sew them into bags in order to fertilize the ground.

Children who were of no use to anyone

It is impossible to believe that they left to work in the camps of their own free will. This “good will” was personified by the barrel of a machine gun in the back. The Nazis “sorted” those suitable and unsuitable for work very cynically. If a child reached the mark on the wall of the barracks, then he was fit to work, to serve “Greater Germany.” If he couldn’t reach it, he was sent to the gas chamber. The Third Reich did not need the kids, so they had only one fate. However, not everyone had a happy fate at home. Many children during the Great Patriotic War lost all their loved ones. That is, in their homeland, only an orphanage and half-starved youth awaited them during the post-war devastation.

Children raised by labor and real valor

Many children, already at the age of 12, stood up to machines in factories and plants, worked on construction sites along with adults. Due to their hard work, which was far from childish, they grew up early and replaced their dead parents for their brothers and sisters. It was the children in the war of 1941-1945. helped keep the country afloat and then restore the country's economy. They say that there are no children in war. This is actually true. During the war, they worked and fought on an equal basis with adults, both in the active army and in the rear, and in partisan detachments.

It was common for many teenagers to add a year or two to their lives and go to the front. Many of them, at the cost of their lives, collected cartridges, machine guns, grenades, rifles and other weapons remaining after the battles, and then handed them over to the partisans. Many were engaged in partisan reconnaissance and worked as messengers in detachments of people's avengers. They helped our underground fighters organize escapes of prisoners of war, rescued the wounded, and set fire to German warehouses with weapons and food. Interestingly, not only boys fought in the war. The girls did this with no less heroism. There were especially many such girls in Belarus... The courage of these children, the ability to sacrifice for the sake of only one goal, made a huge contribution to the overall Victory. All this is true, but these children died in tens of thousands... Officially, 27 million people died in this war in our country. Only 10 million of them are military personnel. The rest are civilians, mostly children who died in the war... Their number cannot be calculated accurately.

Children who really wanted to help the front

From the first days of the war, children wanted to help adults in every possible way. They built fortifications, collected scrap metal and medicinal plants, and took part in collecting things for the army. As already mentioned, children worked for days in factories in place of their fathers and older brothers who had gone to the front. They collected gas masks, made smoke bombs, fuses for mines, fuses for In school workshops, in which girls had labor lessons before the war, they now sewed underwear and tunics for the army. They also knitted warm clothes - socks, mittens, and sewed tobacco pouches. Children also helped the wounded in hospitals. In addition, they wrote letters for their relatives under their dictation and even staged concerts and performances that brought a smile to adult men exhausted by the war. Feats are accomplished not only in battles. All of the above are also the exploits of children in war. And hunger, cold and disease quickly dealt with their lives, which had not yet really begun...

Sons of the Regiment

Very often, teenagers aged 13-15 years fought in the war, along with adults. This was not something very surprising, since the sons of the regiment had served in the Russian army for a long time. Most often it was a young drummer or cabin boy. On Velikaya there were usually children who had lost their parents, killed by the Germans or taken to concentration camps. This was the best option for them, because being left alone in an occupied city was the worst thing. A child in such a situation could only face starvation. In addition, the Nazis sometimes had fun and threw a piece of bread to the hungry children... And then they fired a burst from a machine gun. That is why units of the Red Army, if they passed through such territories, were very sensitive to such children and often took them with them. As Marshal Bagramyan mentions, often the courage and ingenuity of the sons of the regiment amazed even experienced soldiers.

The exploits of children in war deserve no less respect than the exploits of adults. According to the Central Archives of the Russian Ministry of Defense, 3,500 children under 16 years of age fought in the army during the Great Patriotic War. However, these data cannot be accurate, because they did not take into account young heroes from partisan detachments. Five were awarded the highest military award. We will talk about three of them in more detail, although these were not all of them; they were child heroes who especially distinguished themselves in the war and deserve mention.

Valya Kotik

14-year-old Valya Kotik was a partisan scout in the Karmelyuk detachment. He is the youngest hero of the USSR. He carried out orders from the Shepetivka military intelligence organization. His first task (and he completed it successfully) was to eliminate the field gendarmerie detachment. This task was far from the last. Valya Kotik died in 1944, 5 days after he turned 14.

Lenya Golikov

16-year-old Lenya Golikov was a scout of the Fourth Leningrad Partisan Brigade. When the war began, he joined the partisans. Thin Lenya looked even younger than his 14 years (that’s how old he was at the start of the war). He, under the guise of a beggar, went around the villages and passed on important information to the partisans. Lenya took part in 27 battles, blew up vehicles with ammunition and more than a dozen bridges. In 1943, his squad was unable to escape from encirclement. Few managed to survive. Leni was not among them.

Zina Portnova

17-year-old Zina Portnova was a scout for the Voroshilov partisan detachment on the territory of Belarus. She was also a member of the underground Komsomol youth organization “Young Avengers”. In 1943, she was tasked with finding out the reasons for the collapse of this organization and establishing contacts with the underground. Upon returning to the detachment, she was arrested by the Germans. During one of the interrogations, she grabbed the pistol of a fascist investigator and shot him and two other fascists. She tried to escape, but she was captured.

As mentioned in the book “Zina Portnova” by the writer Vasily Smirnov, the girl was tortured harshly and sophisticatedly so that she would name the names of other underground fighters, but she was unshakable. For this, the Nazis called her a “Soviet bandit” in their protocols. In 1944 she was shot.

During the Great Patriotic War, heroism was the norm of behavior of Soviet people; the war revealed the fortitude and courage of Soviet people. Thousands of soldiers and officers sacrificed their lives in the battles of Moscow, Kursk and Stalingrad, in the defense of Leningrad and Sevastopol, in the North Caucasus and the Dnieper, during the storming of Berlin and in other battles - and immortalized their names. Women and children fought alongside men. Home front workers played a big role. People who worked, exhausting themselves, to provide the soldiers with food, clothing and, at the same time, a bayonet and a shell.
We will talk about those who gave their lives, strength and savings for the sake of Victory. These are the great people of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

Doctors are heroes. Zinaida Samsonova

During the war, more than two hundred thousand doctors and half a million paramedical personnel worked at the front and in the rear. And half of them were women.
The working day of doctors and nurses in medical battalions and front-line hospitals often lasted several days. During sleepless nights, medical workers stood relentlessly near the operating tables, and some of them pulled the dead and wounded out of the battlefield on their backs. Among the doctors there were many of their “sailors” who, saving the wounded, covered them with their bodies from bullets and shell fragments.
Without sparing, as they say, their belly, they raised the spirit of the soldiers, raised the wounded from their hospital beds and sent them back into battle to defend their country, their homeland, their people, their home from the enemy. Among the large army of doctors, I would like to mention the name of Hero of the Soviet Union Zinaida Aleksandrovna Samsonova, who went to the front when she was only seventeen years old. Zinaida, or, as her fellow soldiers sweetly called her, Zinochka, was born in the village of Bobkovo, Yegoryevsky district, Moscow region.
Just before the war, she entered the Yegoryevsk Medical School to study. When the enemy entered her native land and the country was in danger, Zina decided that she must definitely go to the front. And she rushed there.
She has been in the active army since 1942 and immediately finds herself on the front line. Zina was a sanitary instructor for a rifle battalion. The soldiers loved her for her smile, for her selfless assistance to the wounded. With her fighters, Zina went through the most terrible battles, this is the Battle of Stalingrad. She fought on the Voronezh Front and on other fronts.

Zinaida Samsonova

In the fall of 1943, she participated in the landing operation to capture a bridgehead on the right bank of the Dnieper near the village of Sushki, Kanevsky district, now Cherkasy region. Here she, together with her fellow soldiers, managed to capture this bridgehead.
Zina carried more than thirty wounded from the battlefield and transported them to the other side of the Dnieper. There were legends about this fragile nineteen-year-old girl. Zinochka was distinguished by her courage and bravery.
When the commander died near the village of Kholm in 1944, Zina, without hesitation, took command of the battle and raised the soldiers to attack. In this battle, the last time her fellow soldiers heard her amazing, slightly hoarse voice: “Eagles, follow me!”
Zinochka Samsonova died in this battle on January 27, 1944 for the village of Kholm in Belarus. She was buried in a mass grave in Ozarichi, Kalinkovsky district, Gomel region.
For her perseverance, courage and bravery, Zinaida Aleksandrovna Samsonova was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The school where Zina Samsonova once studied was named after her.

A special period of activity for Soviet foreign intelligence officers was associated with the Great Patriotic War. Already at the end of June 1941, the newly created State Defense Committee of the USSR considered the issue of foreign intelligence work and clarified its tasks. They were subordinated to one goal - the speedy defeat of the enemy. For exemplary performance of special tasks behind enemy lines, nine career foreign intelligence officers were awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union. This is S.A. Vaupshasov, I.D. Kudrya, N.I. Kuznetsov, V.A. Lyagin, D.N. Medvedev, V.A. Molodtsov, K.P. Orlovsky, N.A. Prokopyuk, A.M. Rabtsevich. Here we will talk about one of the scout-heroes - Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov.

From the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he was enrolled in the fourth directorate of the NKVD, whose main task was to organize reconnaissance and sabotage activities behind enemy lines. After numerous trainings and studying the morals and life of the Germans in a prisoner of war camp, under the name of Paul Wilhelm Siebert, Nikolai Kuznetsov was sent behind enemy lines along the line of terror. At first, the special agent conducted his secret activities in the Ukrainian city of Rivne, where the Reich Commissariat of Ukraine was located. Kuznetsov communicated closely with enemy intelligence officers and the Wehrmacht, as well as local officials. All information obtained was transferred to the partisan detachment. One of the remarkable exploits of the USSR secret agent was the capture of the Reichskommissariat courier, Major Gahan, who was carrying a secret map in his briefcase. After interrogating Gahan and studying the map, it turned out that a bunker for Hitler was built eight kilometers from the Ukrainian Vinnitsa.
In November 1943, Kuznetsov managed to organize the kidnapping of German Major General M. Ilgen, who was sent to Rivne to destroy partisan formations.
The last operation of intelligence officer Siebert in this post was the liquidation in November 1943 of the head of the legal department of the Reichskommissariat of Ukraine, Oberführer Alfred Funk. After interrogating Funk, the brilliant intelligence officer managed to obtain information about the preparations for the assassination of the heads of the “Big Three” of the Tehran Conference, as well as information about the enemy’s offensive on the Kursk Bulge. In January 1944, Kuznetsov was ordered to go to Lviv along with the retreating fascist troops to continue his sabotage activities. Scouts Jan Kaminsky and Ivan Belov were sent to help Agent Siebert. Under the leadership of Nikolai Kuznetsov, several occupiers were destroyed in Lviv, for example, the head of the government chancellery Heinrich Schneider and Otto Bauer.

From the first days of the occupation, boys and girls began to act decisively, and a secret organization “Young Avengers” was created. The guys fought against the fascist occupiers. They blew up a water pumping station, which delayed the sending of ten fascist trains to the front. While distracting the enemy, the Avengers destroyed bridges and highways, blew up a local power plant, and burned down a factory. Having obtained information about the actions of the Germans, they immediately passed it on to the partisans.
Zina Portnova was assigned increasingly complex tasks. According to one of them, the girl managed to get a job in a German canteen. After working there for a while, she carried out an effective operation - she poisoned food for German soldiers. More than 100 fascists suffered from her lunch. The Germans began to blame Zina. Wanting to prove her innocence, the girl tried the poisoned soup and only miraculously survived.

Zina Portnova

In 1943, traitors appeared who revealed secret information and handed our guys over to the Nazis. Many were arrested and shot. Then the command of the partisan detachment instructed Portnova to establish contact with those who survived. The Nazis captured the young partisan when she was returning from a mission. Zina was terribly tortured. But the answer to the enemy was only her silence, contempt and hatred. The interrogations did not stop.
“The Gestapo man came to the window. And Zina, rushing to the table, grabbed the pistol. Apparently catching the rustle, the officer turned around impulsively, but the weapon was already in her hand. She pulled the trigger. For some reason I didn’t hear the shot. I just saw how the German, clutching his chest with his hands, fell to the floor, and the second one, sitting at the side table, jumped up from his chair and hastily unfastened the holster of his revolver. She pointed the gun at him too. Again, almost without aiming, she pulled the trigger. Rushing to the exit, Zina pulled the door open, jumped out into the next room and from there onto the porch. There she shot at the sentry almost point-blank. Running out of the commandant’s office building, Portnova rushed like a whirlwind down the path.
“If only I could run to the river,” the girl thought. But from behind there was the sound of a chase... “Why don’t they shoot?” The surface of the water already seemed very close. And beyond the river the forest turned black. She heard the sound of machine gun fire and something spiky pierced her leg. Zina fell on the river sand. She still had enough strength to rise slightly and shoot... She saved the last bullet for herself.
When the Germans got very close, she decided it was all over and pointed the gun at her chest and pulled the trigger. But there was no shot: it misfired. The fascist knocked the pistol out of her weakening hands.”
Zina was sent to prison. The Germans brutally tortured the girl for more than a month; they wanted her to betray her comrades. But having taken an oath of allegiance to the Motherland, Zina kept it.
On the morning of January 13, 1944, a gray-haired and blind girl was taken out to be executed. She walked, stumbling with her bare feet in the snow.
The girl withstood all the torture. She truly loved our Motherland and died for it, firmly believing in our victory.
Zinaida Portnova was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The Soviet people, realizing that the front needed their help, made every effort. Engineering geniuses simplified and improved production. Women who had recently sent their husbands, brothers and sons to the front took their place at the machine, mastering professions unfamiliar to them. “Everything for the front, everything for victory!” Children, old people and women gave all their strength, gave themselves for the sake of victory.

This is how the collective farmers’ call sounded in one of the regional newspapers: “... we must give the army and the working people more bread, meat, milk, vegetables and agricultural raw materials for industry. We, the state farm workers, must hand this over, together with the collective farm peasantry.” Only from these lines can one judge how obsessed the home front workers were with thoughts of victory, and what sacrifices they were willing to make to bring this long-awaited day closer. Even when they received a funeral, they did not stop working, knowing that this was the best way to take revenge on the hated fascists for the death of their family and friends.

On December 15, 1942, Ferapont Golovaty gave all his savings - 100 thousand rubles - to purchase an aircraft for the Red Army, and asked to transfer the aircraft to a pilot of the Stalingrad Front. In a letter addressed to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, he wrote that, having escorted his two sons to the front, he himself wanted to contribute to the cause of victory. Stalin responded: “Thank you, Ferapont Petrovich, for your concern for the Red Army and its Air Force. The Red Army will not forget that you gave all your savings to build a combat aircraft. Please accept my greetings." The initiative was given serious attention. The decision about who exactly would get the plane was made by the Military Council of the Stalingrad Front. The combat vehicle was awarded to one of the best - the commander of the 31st Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, Major Boris Nikolaevich Eremin. The fact that Eremin and Golovaty were fellow countrymen also played a role.

Victory in the Great Patriotic War was achieved through superhuman efforts of both front-line soldiers and home front workers. And we need to remember this. Today's generation should not forget their feat.

Good afternoon, my dear readers! On Great Victory Day, I invite you to talk on the topic “Children are heroes of war.” Thousands of ordinary girls and boys studied diligently, had fun carefree and could not even imagine that in an instant their happy childhood would be interrupted by the difficult and cruel years from 1941 to 1945.

In a terrible hour, they took on their fragile shoulders troubles and bitterness, difficulties and even death in order to somehow help in the fight against the enemy, showing how fearless children's hearts can be and how ardent the love for their native country and their people is.

For heroic deeds, the little “sons and daughters of the regiments,” as they were often called, who fought alongside their fathers and brothers, were awarded orders and medals. Five wartime pioneers were awarded the highest title of Hero of the Soviet Union, unfortunately, all posthumously. Their names became known far beyond the borders of everyone’s small homeland, so I want to talk about these young heroes in a message about children of war.

Lesson plan:

The boy from the legend

This is how the young intelligence officer of the Leningrad partisan brigade, Lenya Golikov, was given glory. A thin 14-year-old village boy from Lukino, Novgorod region, with a rifle obtained on the battlefield, joined the partisans and wandered under the guise of a beggar through settlements occupied by the Germans, collecting valuable secret information about the amount of military equipment and the location of enemy troops.

He was responsible for 27 military campaigns and 78 killed German soldiers. Lenya Golikov stopped the enemy by destroying 2 railway and 12 road bridges, thereby preventing the Germans from passing. He destroyed 2 enemy food warehouses, leaving the enemy without food, and 9 vehicles, depriving the Germans of ammunition. A brave village boy single-handedly stopped a car with a German general, obtaining valuable information for Soviet intelligence.

Lenya Golikov received his first medal “For Courage” back in July 1942. They died along with the headquarters of their partisan brigade in 1943 in an unequal battle. The mother brought an award sheet conferring on her son the highest title of Hero of the Soviet Union for his heroic feat.

Girl with pigtails

This is the title of A. Solodov’s work about a young underground worker, who was also awarded the highest title for her exploits in the Great Patriotic War, Zinaida Portnova. A 7th grade student at a Leningrad school, at 15, came to the Vitebsk region for the summer in 1941 and became a member of the underground youth organization “Young Avengers.”

Members of the youth movement blew up power plants, set fire to factories where Soviet people were forced to work for Nazi Germany, and burned wagons with flax that were planned to be sent to the occupiers. In total, the Young Avengers carried out more than 20 sabotage operations.

The girl began to participate in sabotage, conducted reconnaissance work, and distributed leaflets against the enemy. Having settled into a canteen for German officers, she managed to poison more than 100 soldiers. Since 1943, she became a partisan intelligence officer in the detachment.

After the defeat of the youth movement on the instructions of the partisans, Zina Portnova was supposed to establish new connections with those who managed to survive, but on a tip from a traitor she was caught after another operation. The Germans interrogated the young intelligence officer, promising to save her life for the names of partisans and underground fighters. But even the most sophisticated fascist torture did not break her character. In 1944, crippled but never succumbing, Zinaida Portnova was shot.

He was only 14

Belarusian Marat Kazei joined the partisan detachment at the age of 13, in 1942, after his mother was hanged by the Germans in Minsk. Full of hatred for the Nazis, he made his way into German garrisons, obtaining intelligence necessary for the Soviet army.

Together with his elders, Marat took part in sabotage activities at sites that were especially important for the Germans: he undermined enemy trains and mined the railway. In 1943, being wounded, he led soldiers into an attack, which helped them break out of the enemy ring. For his feat, the young pioneer then received the award “For Courage.”

In 1944, while returning from reconnaissance, Marat and his commander stumbled upon the enemy, who surrounded them. When all the cartridges ran out and only a grenade remained, Marat let the Nazis get closer and blew them up along with him. The awarded Hero of the Soviet Union was only 14 at the time.

Without sparing yourself

Another young hero who wanted to blow himself up with a grenade along with the Germans was a schoolboy from the Tula region, Sasha Chekalin. Since 1941, he became a volunteer of the “Advanced” partisan detachment, which operated in the occupied territory of his native village. He managed to serve there for just over a month, but made a heroic contribution to the fight against the Nazis.

The young patriot collected information about the location and number of German military units and their weapons, and tracked movement routes. The partisan detachment, where Alexander was a member, set fire to warehouses, blew up Nazi vehicles with mines, derailed German carriages, and destroyed enemy patrols and guards.

Having caught a cold, Sasha fell ill; according to the information transmitted by the traitor, the Nazis found him in the house where he was hidden. The partisan tried to blow himself up along with the Germans, but the grenade did not work. After much torture and interrogation, Sasha Chekalin was hanged in the central square in front of the rounded-up fellow villagers. In 1942, the young hero was awarded the highest rank for his exploits.

The youngest of all Heroes of the USSR

After graduating from only 5 classes of Ukrainian school, Valya Kotik became a partisan intelligence officer, collecting weapons and ammunition, drawing and posting caricatures of fascists. In 1942, he received his first assignment, blowing up a German gendarme. Participated in 6 subversive operations, as a result of which railway trains and ammunition depots were destroyed.

He worked as a liaison underground, learned about the location of German posts and the time of changing the enemy guard. In 1943 he discovered the location of the enemy telephone cable, through which contact was maintained with Hitler in Warsaw.

While participating in two battles, he was wounded, but Valya received a mortal wound in 1944 during the fighting for the city of Izyaslav. He became the youngest of those who were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

In our message, we only talked about five child heroes of the Great Patriotic War. In fact, there were many more of them, selfless and brave. They fought on the sea and in the sky, in partisan units and underground, in catacombs and fortresses.

Monuments have been erected to the children of the war in their hometowns, and streets are named after them. Literary works have been written, poems composed and films made about their exploits. All this is so that we never forget what the Soviet people had to endure in the name of our peace. The official list of all pioneer heroes was compiled in 1954.

And I propose to finish the project with an excerpt from the work of Sergei Mikhalkov:

Let's not forget those heroes

What lies in the damp ground,

Giving my life on the battlefield

For the people - for you and me.

Did you know that not only people, but also entire cities became Heroes? Read about it. And there is a test on the topic of war.

With this I say goodbye to you. Don't forget to pay tribute to those who died during the war on May 9 and lay flowers at the monument in your city. The exploits of the Soviet people must be remembered!

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Slide captions:

Children - heroes of the Great Patriotic War

“The Great Patriotic War... It just so happened that our memory of the war and all our ideas about it are male. This is understandable: it was mostly men who fought, but this is also a reflection of our incomplete knowledge about the war. After all, a huge burden fell on the shoulders of mothers, wives, sisters, who were medical instructors on the battlefields, who replaced men at the machines in factories and on collective farm fields. The beginning of life comes from a woman-mother, and somehow this is incomparable with a war that kills life.” This is what the Belarusian writer Svetlana Alexievich writes in her book “War Doesn’t Have a Woman’s Face.” And I would like to end this thought with this: “and especially not for children.” Yes. War is not a child's business. That's how it should be. But this war was special... it was called the Great Patriotic War because everyone, young and old, rose up to defend their homeland. Many young patriots died in battles with the enemy, and four of them - Marat Kazei, Valya Kotik, Lenya Golikov and Zina Portnova - were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. They were often written about in newspapers, books were dedicated to them. And even the streets and cities of our Great Motherland - Russia were named after them. In those years, children grew up quickly; already at the age of 10-14 they realized that they were part of a large people and tried to be in no way inferior to adults. Thousands of children fought in partisan detachments and in the active army. Together with adults, teenagers went on reconnaissance, helped partisans undermine enemy trains, and set up ambushes.

June. The sunset was approaching evening. And on the warm night the sea overflowed. And there was a ringing laughter of the guys, who did not know, did not know grief. June! We didn’t know then, Walking home from school evenings, That tomorrow would be the first day of the war, And it would end only in 1945, in May.

Pioneers Heroes Before the war, these were the most ordinary boys and girls. We studied, helped elders, played, ran and jumped, broke our noses and knees. Only their relatives, classmates and friends knew their names. THE HOUR HAS COME - THEY SHOWED HOW HUGE A SMALL CHILDREN'S HEART CAN BECOME WHEN A SACRED LOVE FOR THE MOTHERLAND AND HATE FOR ITS ENEMIES FLASHES IN IT. Boys. Girls. The weight of adversity, disaster, and grief of the war years fell on their fragile shoulders. And they did not bend under this weight, they became stronger in spirit, more courageous, more resilient. Little heroes of the big war. They fought alongside their elders - fathers, brothers, alongside communists and Komsomol members. They fought everywhere. At sea, like Borya Kuleshin. In the sky, like Arkasha Kamanin. In a partisan detachment, like Lenya Golikov. In the Brest Fortress, like Valya Zenkina. In the Kerch catacombs, like Volodya Dubinin. In the underground, like Volodya Shcherbatsevich. And the young hearts did not waver for a moment! Their matured childhood was filled with such trials that, even if a very talented writer had invented them, it would have been difficult to believe. But it was. It happened in the history of our great country, it happened in the destinies of its little children - ordinary boys and girls.

Tanya Savicheva Arkady Kamanin Lenya Golikov Valya Zenkina Zina Portnova Volodya Kaznacheev Marat Kazey Valya Kotik

Lida Vashkevich Nadya Bogdanova Vitya Khomenko Sasha Borodulin Vasya Korobko Kostya Kravchuk Galya Komleva Yuta Bondarovskaya Lara Mikheenko

Marat Kazei...War fell on Belarusian soil. The Nazis burst into the village where Marat lived with his mother, Anna Alexandrovna Kazeya. In the fall, Marat no longer had to go to school in the fifth grade. The Nazis turned the school building into their barracks. The enemy was fierce. Anna Aleksandrovna Kazei was captured for her connection with the partisans, and Marat soon learned that his mother had been hanged in Minsk. The boy's heart was filled with anger and hatred for the enemy. Together with his sister, Komsomol member Ada, the pioneer Marat Kazei went to join the partisans in the Stankovsky forest. He became a scout at the headquarters of a partisan brigade. He penetrated enemy garrisons and delivered valuable information to the command. Using this data, the partisans developed a daring operation and defeated the fascist garrison in the city of Dzerzhinsk... Marat took part in the battles and invariably showed courage and fearlessness; together with experienced demolitionists, he mined the railway. Marat died in battle. He fought to the last bullet, and when he had only one grenade left, he let his enemies get closer and blew them up... and himself. For his courage and bravery, pioneer Marat Kazei was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A monument to the young hero was erected in the city of Minsk.

Belarus. Minsk, city park Monument to Marat Kazei

Zina Portnova The war found the Leningrad pioneer Zina Portnova in the village of Zuya, where she came on vacation, not far from the Obol station in the Vitebsk region. An underground Komsomol-youth organization “Young Avengers” was created in Obol, and Zina was elected a member of its committee. She took part in daring operations against the enemy, in sabotage, distributed leaflets, and conducted reconnaissance on instructions from a partisan detachment. ...It was December 1943. Zina was returning from a mission. In the village of Mostishche she was betrayed by a traitor. The Nazis captured the young partisan and tortured her. The answer to the enemy was Zina’s silence, her contempt and hatred, her determination to fight to the end. During one of the interrogations, choosing the moment, Zina grabbed a pistol from the table and fired at point-blank range at the Gestapo man. The officer who ran in to hear the shot was also killed on the spot. Zina tried to escape, but the Nazis overtook her... The brave young pioneer was brutally tortured, but until the last minute she remained persistent, courageous, and unbending. And the Motherland posthumously celebrated her feat with its highest title - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Lenya Golikov grew up in the village of Lukino, on the banks of the Polo River, which flows into the legendary Lake Ilmen. When his native village was captured by the enemy, the boy went to the partisans. More than once he went on reconnaissance missions and brought important information to the partisan detachment. And enemy trains and cars flew downhill, bridges collapsed, enemy warehouses burned... There was a battle in his life that Lenya fought one on one with a fascist general. A grenade thrown by a boy hit a car. A Nazi man got out of it with a briefcase in his hands and, firing back, began to run. Lenya is behind him. He pursued the enemy for almost a kilometer and finally killed him. The briefcase contained very important documents. The partisan headquarters immediately transported them by plane to Moscow. There were many more fights in his short life! And the young hero, who fought shoulder to shoulder with adults, never flinched. He died near the village of Ostraya Luka in the winter of 1943, when the enemy was especially fierce, feeling that the earth was burning under his feet, that there would be no mercy for him... On April 2, 1944, a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was published on assigning Lena to the pioneer partisan Golikov the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Monument to the partisan pioneer hero Lena Golikov in front of the administration building of the Novgorod region. Velikiy Novgorod.

Valya Kotik He was born on February 11, 1930 in the village of Khmelevka, Shepetovsky district, Khmelnitsky region. He studied at school No. 4 in the city of Shepetovka, and was a recognized leader of the pioneers, his peers. When the Nazis burst into Shepetivka, Valya Kotik and his friends decided to fight the enemy. The guys collected weapons at the battle site, which the partisans then transported to the detachment on a cart of hay. Having taken a closer look at the boy, the communists entrusted Valya with being a liaison and intelligence officer in their underground organization. He learned the location of enemy posts and the order of changing the guard. Having taken a closer look at the boy, the communists entrusted Valya with being a liaison and intelligence officer in their underground organization. He learned the location of enemy posts and the order of changing the guard. The Nazis planned a punitive operation against the partisans, and Valya, having tracked down the Nazi officer who led the punitive forces, killed him... When arrests began in the city, Valya, along with his mother and brother Victor, went to the partisans. The pioneer, who had just turned fourteen years old, fought shoulder to shoulder with adults, liberating his native land. He is responsible for six enemy trains blown up on the way to the front. Valya Kotik was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War,” 2nd degree. Valya Kotik died as a hero, and the Motherland posthumously awarded him the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A monument to him was erected in front of the school where this brave pioneer studied. And today the pioneers salute the hero.

Volodya Kaznacheev 1941... Finished fifth grade in the spring. In the fall he joined the partisan detachment. When, together with his sister Anya, he came to the partisans in the Kletnyansky forests in the Bryansk region, the detachment said: “What a reinforcement!..” True, having learned that they were from Solovyanovka, the children of Elena Kondratyevna Kaznacheeva, the one who baked bread for the partisans , they stopped joking (Elena Kondratievna was killed by the Nazis). The detachment had a “partisan school”. Future miners and demolition workers trained there. Volodya mastered this science perfectly and, together with his senior comrades, derailed eight echelons. He also had to cover the group’s retreat, stopping the pursuers with grenades... He was a liaison; he often went to Kletnya, delivering valuable information; After waiting until dark, he posted leaflets. From operation to operation he became more experienced and skillful. The Nazis placed a reward on the head of partisan Kzanacheev, not even suspecting that their brave opponent was just a boy. He fought alongside the adults until the very day when his native land was liberated from the fascist evil spirits, and rightfully shared with the adults the glory of the hero - the liberator of his native land. Volodya Kaznacheev was awarded the Order of Lenin and the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st degree.

Valya Zenkina The Brest Fortress was the first to take the enemy’s blow. Bombs and shells exploded, walls collapsed, people died both in the fortress and in the city of Brest. From the first minutes, Valya’s father went into battle. He left and did not return, died a hero, like many defenders of the Brest Fortress. And the Nazis forced Valya to make her way into the fortress under fire in order to convey to its defenders the demand to surrender. Valya made her way into the fortress, talked about the atrocities of the Nazis, explained what weapons they had, indicated their location and stayed to help our soldiers. She bandaged the wounded, collected cartridges and brought them to the soldiers. There was not enough water in the fortress, it was divided by sip. The thirst was painful, but Valya again and again refused her sip: the wounded needed water. When the command of the Brest Fortress decided to take the children and women out from under fire and transport them to the other side of the Mukhavets River - there was no other way to save their lives - the little nurse Valya Zenkina asked to be left with the soldiers. But an order is an order, and then she vowed to continue the fight against the enemy until complete victory. And Valya kept her vow. Various trials befell her. But she survived. She survived. And she continued her struggle in the partisan detachment. She fought bravely, along with adults. For courage and bravery, the Motherland awarded its young daughter the Order of the Red Star.

Arkady Kamanin He dreamed of heaven when he was still just a boy. Arkady's father, Nikolai Petrovich Kamanin, a pilot, participated in the rescue of the Chelyuskinites, for which he received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. And my father’s friend, Mikhail Vasilyevich Vodopyanov, is always nearby. There was something to make the boy's heart burn. But they didn’t let him fly, they told him to grow up. When the war began, he went to work at an aircraft factory, then he used the airfield for any opportunity to take to the skies. Experienced pilots, even if only for a few minutes, sometimes trusted him to fly the plane. One day the cockpit glass was broken by an enemy bullet. The pilot was blinded. Losing consciousness, he managed to hand over control to Arkady, and the boy landed the plane at his airfield. After this, Arkady was allowed to seriously study flying, and soon he began to fly on his own. One day, from above, a young pilot saw our plane shot down by the Nazis. Under heavy mortar fire, Arkady landed, carried the pilot into his plane, took off and returned to his own. The Order of the Red Star shone on his chest. For participation in battles with the enemy, Arkady was awarded the second Order of the Red Star. By that time he had already become an experienced pilot, although he was fifteen years old. Arkady Kamanin fought with the Nazis until the victory. The young hero dreamed of the sky and conquered the sky!

Returning from a mission, I immediately tied a red tie. And it was as if the strength was increasing! Utah supported the tired soldiers with a ringing pioneer song, a story about their native Leningrad... And how happy everyone was, how the partisans congratulated Utah when the message came to the detachment: the blockade had been broken! Leningrad survived, Leningrad won! That day, both Yuta’s blue eyes and her red tie shone as it seems never before. But the earth was still groaning under the enemy’s yoke, and the detachment, together with units of the Red Army, left to help the Estonian partisans. In one of the battles - near the Estonian farm of Rostov - Yuta Bondarovskaya, the little heroine of the great war, a pioneer who did not part with her red tie, died a heroic death. The Motherland awarded its heroic daughter posthumously with the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War”, 1st degree, and the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree. Yuta Bondarovskaya Wherever the blue-eyed girl Yuta went, her red tie was invariably with her... In the summer of 1941, she came from Leningrad on vacation to a village near Pskov. Here terrible news overtook Utah: war! Here she saw the enemy. Utah began to help the partisans. At first she was a messenger, then a scout. Dressed as a beggar boy, she collected information from the villages: where the fascist headquarters were, how they were guarded, how many machine guns there were.

The young messenger brought assignments from the partisans to her counselor, and forwarded her reports to the detachment along with bread, potatoes, and food, which were obtained with great difficulty. One day, when a messenger from a partisan detachment did not arrive on time at the meeting place, Galya, half-frozen, made her way into the detachment, handed over a report and, having warmed up a little, hurried back, carrying a new task to the underground fighters. Together with Komsomol member Tasya Yakovleva, Galya wrote leaflets and scattered them around the village at night. The Nazis tracked down and captured the young underground fighters. They kept me in the Gestapo for two months. They beat me severely, threw me into a cell, and in the morning they took me out again for interrogation. Galya didn’t say anything to the enemy, didn’t betray anyone. The young patriot was shot. The Motherland celebrated the feat of Galya Komleva with the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree. When the war began and the Nazis were approaching Leningrad, high school counselor Anna Petrovna Semenova was left for underground work in the village of Tarnovichi - in the south of the Leningrad region. To communicate with the partisans, she selected her most reliable pioneers, and the first among them was Galina Komleva. A cheerful, brave, inquisitive girl, during her six school years, was awarded six times with books with the signature: “For excellent studies” Galya Komleva

At first I buried it in the garden under a pear tree: I thought our people would return soon. But the war dragged on, and, having dug up the banners, Kostya kept them in the barn until he remembered an old, abandoned well outside the city, near the Dnieper. Having wrapped his priceless treasure in burlap and rolled it with straw, he got out of the house at dawn and, with a canvas bag over his shoulder, led a cow to a distant forest. And there, looking around, he hid the bundle in a well, covered it with branches, dry grass, turf... And throughout the long occupation, the non-pioneer kept his difficult guard at the banner, although he was caught in a raid, and even escaped from the train in which the Kievans were driven away to Germany . When Kyiv was liberated, Kostya, in a white shirt with a red tie, came to the military commandant of the city and unfurled banners in front of the well-worn and yet amazed soldiers. On June 11, 1944, the newly formed units leaving for the front were given the rescued Kostya replacements. On June 11, 1944, units leaving for the front were lined up in the central square of Kyiv. And before this battle formation, they read out the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on awarding the pioneer Kostya Kravchuk with the Order of the Red Banner for saving and preserving two battle banners of rifle regiments during the occupation of the city of Kiev... Retreating from Kiev, two wounded soldiers entrusted Kostya with the banners. And Kostya promised to keep them. Kostya Kravchuk

At the headquarters of the 6th Kalinin Brigade, the commander, Major P.V. Ryndin, initially found himself accepting “such little ones”: what kind of partisans are they? But how much even very young citizens can do for the Motherland! Girls were able to do what strong men could not. Dressed in rags, Lara walked through the villages, finding out where and how the guns were located, the sentries were posted, what German vehicles were moving along the highway, what kind of trains were coming to Pustoshka station and with what cargo. She also took part in military operations... The young partisan, betrayed by a traitor in the village of Ignatovo, was shot by the Nazis. The Decree on awarding Larisa Mikheenko the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, contains the bitter word: “Posthumously.” For the operation of reconnaissance and explosion of the railway. bridge over the Drissa River, Leningrad schoolgirl Larisa Mikheenko was nominated for a government award. But the Motherland did not have time to present the award to her brave daughter... The war cut the girl off from her hometown: in the summer she went on vacation to the Pustoshkinsky district, but was unable to return - the village was occupied by the Nazis. The pioneer dreamed of breaking out of Hitler's slavery and making her way to her own people. And one night she left the village with two older friends. Lara Mikheenko

The outskirts of the village. Under the bridge - Vasya. He pulls out iron brackets, saws down the piles, and at dawn, from a hiding place, watches the bridge collapse under the weight of a fascist armored personnel carrier. The partisans were convinced that Vasya could be trusted, and entrusted him with a serious task: to become a scout in the enemy’s lair. At the fascist headquarters, he lights the stoves, chops wood, and he takes a closer look, remembers, and passes on information to the partisans. The punishers, who planned to exterminate the partisans, forced the boy to lead them into the forest. But Vasya led the Nazis to a police ambush. The Nazis, mistaking them for partisans in the dark, opened furious fire, killed all the policemen and themselves suffered heavy losses. Together with the partisans, Vasya destroyed nine echelons and hundreds of Nazis. In one of the battles he was hit by an enemy bullet. The Motherland awarded its little hero, who lived a short but such a bright life, the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War,” 1st degree. Chernihiv region. The front came close to the village of Pogoreltsy. On the outskirts, covering the withdrawal of our units, a company held the defense. A boy brought cartridges to the soldiers. His name was Vasya Korobko. Night. Vasya creeps up to the school building occupied by the Nazis. He makes his way into the pioneer room, takes out the pioneer banner and hides it securely. Vasya Korobko

Day after day he conducted reconnaissance. More than once he went on the most dangerous missions. He was responsible for many destroyed vehicles and soldiers. For carrying out dangerous tasks, for demonstrating courage, resourcefulness and courage, Sasha Borodulin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in the winter of 1941. Punishers tracked down the partisans. The detachment escaped them for three days, twice broke out of encirclement, but the enemy ring closed again. Then the commander called for volunteers to cover the detachment’s retreat. Sasha was the first to step forward. Five took the fight. One by one they died. Sasha was left alone. It was still possible to retreat - the forest was nearby, but the detachment valued every minute that would delay the enemy, and Sasha fought to the end. He, allowing the fascists to close a ring around him, grabbed a grenade and blew them up and himself. Sasha Borodulin died, but his memory lives on. The memory of the heroes is eternal! There was a war going on. Enemy bombers were buzzing hysterically over the village where Sasha lived. The native land was trampled by the enemy's boot. Sasha Borodulin, a pioneer with the warm heart of a young Leninist, could not put up with this. He decided to fight the fascists. Got a rifle. Having killed a fascist motorcyclist, he took his first battle trophy - a real German machine gun. Sasha Borodulin

The officers began sending the fast, smart boy on errands, and soon he was made a messenger at headquarters. It could never have occurred to them that the most secret packages were the first to be read by underground workers at the turnout... Together with Shura Kober, Vitya received the task of crossing the front line to establish contact with Moscow. In Moscow, at the headquarters of the partisan movement, they reported the situation and talked about what they observed on the way. Returning to Nikolaev, the guys delivered a radio transmitter, explosives, and weapons to the underground fighters. And again fight without fear or hesitation. On December 5, 1942, ten underground members were captured by the Nazis and executed. Among them are two boys - Shura Kober and Vitya Khomenko. They lived as heroes and died as heroes. The Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree - posthumously - was awarded by the Motherland to its fearless son. The school where he studied is named after Vitya Khomenko. Pioneer Vitya Khomenko passed his heroic path of struggle against the fascists in the underground organization “Nikolaev Center”. ...Vitya’s German was “excellent” in school, and the underground workers instructed the pioneer to get a job in the officers’ mess. He washed dishes, sometimes served officers in the hall and listened to their conversations. In drunken arguments, the fascists blurted out information that was of great interest to the Nikolaev Center. Vitya Khomenko

Nadya Bogdanova She was executed twice by the Nazis, and for many years her military friends considered Nadya dead. They even erected a monument to her. It’s hard to believe, but when she became a scout in the partisan detachment of “Uncle Vanya” Dyachkov, she was not yet ten years old. Small, thin, she, pretending to be a beggar, wandered among the Nazis, noticing everything, remembering everything, and brought the most valuable information to the detachment. And then, together with partisan fighters, she blew up the fascist headquarters, derailed a train with military equipment, and mined objects. The first time she was captured was when, together with Vanya Zvontsov, she hung out a red flag in enemy-occupied Vitebsk on November 7, 1941. They beat her with ramrods, tortured her, and when they brought her to the ditch to shoot her, she no longer had any strength left - she fell into the ditch, momentarily outstripping the bullet. Vanya died, and the partisans found Nadya alive in a ditch...

The second time she was captured at the end of 1943. And again torture: they poured ice water on her in the cold, burned a five-pointed star on her back. Considering the scout dead, the Nazis abandoned her when the partisans attacked Karasevo. Local residents came out paralyzed and almost blind. After the war in Odessa, Academician V.P. Filatov restored Nadya’s sight. 15 years later, she heard on the radio how the intelligence chief of the 6th detachment, Slesarenko - her commander - said that the soldiers would never forget their fallen comrades, and named among them Nadya Bogdanova, who saved his life, a wounded man... Only then and she showed up, only then did the people who worked with her learn about what an amazing destiny of a person she, Nadya Bogdanova, was awarded with the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and medals. Nadya Bogdanova (continued)

An ordinary black bag would not attract the attention of visitors to a local history museum if it were not for a red tie lying next to it. A boy or girl will involuntarily freeze, an adult will stop, and they will read the yellowed certificate issued by the commissar of the partisan detachment. The fact that the young owner of these relics, pioneer Lida Vashkevich, risking her life, helped fight the Nazis. There is another reason to stop near these exhibits: Lida was awarded the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War”, 1st degree. Lida Vashkevich

Will a child who has gone through the horrors of war remain an ordinary child? Who took his childhood away from him? Who will return it to him? What does he remember from his experience and can he tell? But he must tell! Because even now bombs are exploding somewhere, bullets are whistling, houses are burning! After the war, the world learned many stories about the fate of wartime children. Before I talk about eleven-year-old Leningrad schoolgirl Tanya Savicheva, let me remind you about the fate of the city in which she lived. From September 1941 to January 1944, 900 days and nights. Leningrad lived in the ring of an enemy blockade. 640 thousand of its inhabitants died from hunger, cold and shelling. Food warehouses burned down during German air raids. I had to cut down on my diet. Workers and engineers were given only 250 g of bread per day, and employees and children were given 125 g. The Germans calculated. That Leningraders will quarrel over bread, stop defending their city and surrender it to the mercy of the enemy. But they miscalculated. A city cannot perish if the entire population and even children come to its defense! No, Tanya Savicheva did not build fortifications and in general she did not perform any heroism; her feat was different. She wrote the history of her family during the siege... Savicheva’s large, friendly family lived calmly and peacefully on Vasilyevsky Island. But the war took away all the girl’s relatives one by one. Tanya made 9 short entries...

Tanya Savicheva

What happened next with Tanya? How long did she outlive her family? The lonely girl, along with other orphans, was sent to the relatively well-fed and prosperous Gorky region. But severe exhaustion and nervous shock took their toll; she died on May 23, 1944.

Our country lost over 20 million people in that war. The language of numbers is stingy. But listen and imagine... If we dedicated one minute of silence to each victim, we would have to remain silent for more than 38 years.

The memory of generations is unquenchable And the memory of those whom we so sacredly honor, Let us, people, stand for a moment And stand and be silent in sorrow.

We don’t want war anywhere, ever. Let there be peace everywhere and always. May the children's lives be bright! How bright the world is in open eyes! Oh, do not destroy and do not kill - the Earth has enough dead!

Through the centuries, Through the years, REMEMBER!

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State budgetary educational institution of secondary vocational education

"Technical College of Management and Commerce"

Report

on the topic “Children of War”

Completed the work:

student of group 9T-12

Pavlova Anastasia

Checked:

Volochaeva T.V.

St. Petersburg 2015

Young fallen heroes

You remained young for us.

We are a living reminder

That the Fatherland has not forgotten you.

Life or death - and there is no middle.

Eternal gratitude to you all,

Little Stalwart Men

Girls worthy of poems...

War is a terrible and frightening word. This is the most difficult test for the entire people. Children are the most defenseless and vulnerable at this time. Their childhood is irretrievably gone, replaced by pain, suffering, loss of family and friends, and deprivation. The war squeezes fragile children's souls with a steel vice, wounding and crippling them.

“Children and war—there is no more terrible convergence of opposite things in the world,” Tvardovsky wrote in one of his essays.

Children and war are two incompatible concepts. War breaks and cripples the destinies of children. But the children lived and worked next to the adults, and with their hard work tried to bring victory closer...

Children of war had to become adults early. There was no one to look after them, no one to fulfill their whims. After all, their parents either fought or worked from morning to evening so that the country could win the war. Or their parents were no longer there... Often at the age of 14-15, children of war themselves began to work like adults: in factories, in the fields, on a farm or in a hospital.

Their fathers went to the front and died, and their mothers often did not know where to get food to survive the next day. In this regard, it was a little easier for the villagers. They had land that, although it produced a meager harvest, could still feed them a little. The children dug up the remains of potatoes and ran into the forest in search of mushrooms, berries and healthy roots. They had to work equally with adults, because there were not enough workers.

In cities, the situation was more complicated for children. Food was given out in rations, the portions were tiny. Factory workers could receive an increased portion of bread. Many industrial enterprises were evacuated inland, and the families of workers went with them. And the children went to work. And sometimes they worked faster and better, exceeding all established standards.

The children dreamed of repeating the exploits of their fathers and brothers. Many deliberately increased their age so that they would be taken to the front or to a military school, to a cabin school.

There have been many recorded cases of children joining the partisans, especially often in the occupied territories. They avenged their murdered loved ones, they took revenge cruelly and mercilessly. There were cases when children fought in the regular army against the Nazis. Many children tried to flee their homes for the war, but most of them were captured by the military police and returned to their homes. Soldiers often found children in ravaged and burned villages of the Soviet Union. Orphaned children were placed in orphanages specially created during the war, but sometimes boys were included in active combat units, where they received weapons and special uniforms. Some of the guys entered the army at the age of 9 - 11, and remained with their regiment on all fronts, from Russia to Germany, until the end of the war. By their 14th or 16th birthday, most of them returned home with medals of honor.

Children in the rear

In 1941-1942, the number of young people in defense enterprises increased. If in 1940 the share of teenagers in them was 6%, then in 1942 it was 18%, and in the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry it was 24-49.4%. Many of them became the founders of the patriotic movement in the very first days of the war. To work for yourself and a comrade who has gone to the front, to fulfill two norms during the war.

In December 1941, schoolchildren in the city of Gorky committed themselves, without interrupting their studies, to helping light industry enterprises in quickly fulfilling orders from the front. After classes, they worked in clothing factories, shoe workshops, took home orders and made spoons, mittens, socks, scarves, balaclavas, and participated in sewing uniforms.

In 1942, more than 3 thousand inexperienced, young workers joined the workshop of the Hammer and Sickle plant. Among them, about 100 people were former schoolchildren. They quickly mastered the profession of steelmaker, exceeded planned targets, and soon the whole country learned about the youth workshop.

In the first years of the war, several thousand graduates of vocational schools came to the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works. Their age did not exceed 15-17 years, but from the first days they began to service the largest units, worked at blast furnaces and open-hearth furnaces, at 7 rolling mills, they worked on an equal basis with regular workers, participated in social competition, and showed examples of labor heroism. During the three years of the war, they smelted 1 million tons of steel, 570 thousand tons of cast iron, and produced 580 thousand tons of rolled products. Only at the Kuznetsk Metallurgical Plant, where a lot of young people worked, during the war years such an amount of shell steel was produced, which would be enough to make 100 million shells and tank steel for 50 thousand heavy tanks.

In those days, many young men and women who came from Moscow schools could be seen at the plant. Wearing padded jackets and quilted trousers, and large, oversized boots with thick wooden soles, they stood at their work stations, some on special stands.

Nand on the collective farm front

Paying great tribute to the working class in ensuring victory over the Nazi invaders, one cannot help but talk about the enormous contribution to the overall victory of the Soviet peasantry. Despite the enormous difficulties that rural workers had to overcome, throughout the years of the war the front and rear were provided with agricultural products and necessary raw materials. A significant part of the male population of the village went into active service in the army, and basically all the work had to be done by women.

Therefore, the youngest citizens of our country - pioneers and schoolchildren of villages and villages - worked alongside their grandfathers, mothers, older brothers and sisters. They could be seen in the field and on the livestock farm, in the grain train and in the preparation of feed.

More than 20 million children helped adults and during the war years worked over 585 million workdays. Many of them were actively involved in work in the fields and farms in the very first days of the war.

Rural schoolchildren did not participate in any kind of work! They created posts to protect grain, carried out raids to check the readiness of collective farms for field work, collected ears of corn, fertilizers, cut off the tops of potato tubers for planting, looked after young animals on livestock farms, worked horses, treated grain, checked it for germination, made shields for snow retention. For example, in 1942, 8 million were threshed from collected spikelets in 26 regions.

683 thousand pounds of grain. During the war years, the country's working peasantry showed their unity and sought to give the front and rear everything they could to help defend the Motherland and the great gains of the collective farm system.

Contribution of pioneers and schoolchildren

The defense of the Soviet Motherland from the fascist invasion required every citizen of the USSR to find their place in the general system of struggle at the front and in the rear. In the Directive of June 29, 1941, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party called on all Soviet people to “organize comprehensive assistance to the army in the field... ensure the supply of the army with everything necessary...”.

Pioneers and schoolchildren showed exceptional patriotism in the movement to raise funds for the Red Army and Navy. With the money they collected, pennies at a time, they purchased tanks, planes, Katyushas and other weapons and handed them over to the active army. The patriotic movement of pioneers and schoolchildren to raise funds for the construction of tanks and tank columns covered all schools in the country. By the spring of 1943, youth and schoolchildren had collected about 542 million rubles for armament for the active army.

Thus, in numerous forms of donations, in selfless work for the active army, high Soviet patriotism, monolithic unity, cohesion and friendship of the peoples of our country were manifested.

Pioneers and schoolchildren - with warriors

Pioneers and schoolchildren were constantly associated with front-line soldiers. In their work, they tried to be like adults, they perfectly understood the tasks at hand, they understood that only through the joint efforts of the rear and the front can they defeat the Nazi invaders, who interrupted peaceful life, deprived not only adults, but also children of joy and happiness, they realized: in order to return the interrupted joy, it is necessary to defeat the enemy, and for this you need to give the active army everything it needs. And they found various ways and means of helping the army that were feasible for them.

When a movement began in the country to prepare gifts for front-line soldiers, pioneers and schoolchildren took an active part in it. For example, in July 1941, about 100 thousand various gifts were sent to front-line soldiers from Leningrad schoolchildren. In 1942, pioneers and schoolchildren of the Yegoryevsky district of the Moscow region made 18 thousand envelopes, 2 thousand handkerchiefs and 2 thousand lovingly embroidered tobacco pouches for front-line soldiers.

When the movement to collect warm clothes began, pioneers and schoolchildren also actively took part. Girls knitted mittens, sweaters, socks, and balaclavas, and boys organized shoe repair workshops in schools.

As a rule, each parcel with gifts from schoolchildren to front-line soldiers was accompanied by a letter that could not help but touch the soul and heart of the soldier or commander. Many of them contained letters entitled “Avenge Dad!” This meant that the boy or girl who, with their little hands, prepared this gift for the warrior, was already orphaned. Their fathers, defending their homeland and expelling the fascists from our land, died heroically and will never return to them.

Many pioneers and schoolchildren donated money earned on collective farms and enterprises for collecting medicinal plants to the “wounded warrior fund.”

Only to the front

From the first days of the war, millions of people throughout the country were rushing to the front. Yesterday's schoolchildren, students, youth besieged the military registration and enlistment offices, they demanded - they did not ask! - they convinced, and when this did not help, then with sincere feeling they resorted to forgery - they overestimated their age by a year, or even two.

War is the work of men, but young citizens felt in their hearts their involvement in what was happening in their native land, and they, true patriots, could not stay away from the tragedy that was unfolding before their eyes.

They went to literally anything to join the ranks of defenders of the Motherland. Some people succeeded. And this happened not only in those areas to which the bloody tongues of war flames had crawled. Boys and girls from distant rear cities and villages fled to the front. Their desire was dictated (sincerely) by only one undisguised desire - to smash hated fascism together with the army. Young citizens wrote: “Guide us to where our hands and our knowledge are needed.”

The news of the atrocities and outrages of the Nazis on our land aroused great hatred and a sacred desire for revenge among the Soviet people. Already the first days of the war showed that the Nazi invaders were striving to implement the cannibalistic plans of the fascist command at any cost. By introducing a “new order,” they forcefully imposed a regime of terror and violence.

Many examples testify to the high patriotism of the Soviet people, devotion to their socialist Motherland, and self-sacrifice in the name of freedom and independence of their Fatherland.

child war front student

Children - heroes of the Great Patriotic War

Vasya Korobko

Chernihiv region. The front came close to the village of Pogoreltsy. On the outskirts, covering the withdrawal of our units, a company held the defense. A boy brought cartridges to the soldiers. His name was Vasya Korobko.

Night. Vasya creeps up to the school building occupied by the Nazis. He makes his way into the pioneer room, takes out the pioneer banner and hides it securely.

Together with the partisans, Vasya destroyed nine echelons and hundreds of Nazis. In one of the battles he was hit by an enemy bullet. The Motherland awarded its little hero, who lived a short but such a bright life, the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War,” 1st degree.

Nadya Bogdanova

She was executed twice by the Nazis, and for many years her military friends considered Nadya dead. They even erected a monument to her.

It’s hard to believe, but when she became a scout in the partisan detachment of “Uncle Vanya” Dyachkov, she was not yet ten years old. Small, thin, she, pretending to be a beggar, wandered among the Nazis, noticing everything, remembering everything, and brought the most valuable information to the detachment. And then, together with partisan fighters, she blew up the fascist headquarters, derailed a train with military equipment, and mined objects.

The first time she was captured was when, together with Vanya Zvontsov, she hung out a red flag in enemy-occupied Vitebsk on November 7, 1941. They beat her with ramrods, tortured her, and when they brought her to the ditch to shoot her, she no longer had any strength left - she fell into the ditch, momentarily outstripping the bullet. Vanya died, and the partisans found Nadya alive in a ditch...

15 years later, she heard on the radio how the intelligence chief of the 6th detachment, Slesarenko - her commander - said that the soldiers would never forget their dead comrades, and named among them Nadya Bogdanova, who saved his life, a wounded man...

Only then did she show up, only then did the people who worked with her learn about what an amazing destiny of a person she, Nadya Bogdanova, was awarded with the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and medals.

Zina Portnova

The war found the Leningrad pioneer Zina Portnova in the village of Zuya, where she came for vacation, not far from the Obol station in the Vitebsk region. An underground Komsomol-youth organization “Young Avengers” was created in Obol, and Zina was elected a member of its committee. She took part in daring operations against the enemy, in sabotage, distributed leaflets, and conducted reconnaissance on instructions from a partisan detachment.

It was December 1943. Zina was returning from a mission. In the village of Mostishche she was betrayed by a traitor. The Nazis captured the young partisan and tortured her. The answer to the enemy was Zina’s silence, her contempt and hatred, her determination to fight to the end. During one of the interrogations, choosing the moment, Zina grabbed a pistol from the table and fired at point-blank range at the Gestapo man.

The officer who ran in to hear the shot was also killed on the spot. Zina tried to escape, but the Nazis overtook her...

The brave young pioneer was brutally tortured, but until the last minute she remained persistent, courageous, and unbending. And the Motherland posthumously celebrated her feat with its highest title - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Conclusion

There are many more sad examples of the plight of children in wartime. One cannot help but recall the children's concentration camps set up by the Nazis. In them, little captives were subjected to inhuman torture, “Nazi doctors” performed monstrous experiments on them, and children died a painful death. It is difficult to calculate how many unfortunate little prisoners were tortured in such concentration camps throughout Europe. Children who survived the war will never forget it. At night, they still hear thunderous bomb explosions, frightened screams, and machine-gun fire. They grew up early. They grew up from hunger, explosions, and bloodshed committed before their eyes. Their parents were killed before their eyes. But they didn't forget. They did not lose heart and became stronger; those around them supported them and helped them. They were able to survive the misfortunes and, together with the whole country, build a new life after the war.

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