2 letters n. –Н- and –НН- in suffixes of various parts of speech

1. Suffix -N- is written:

· In adjectives formed from nouns using the suffixes –AN-, -IN-, -YAN-: leather – leather, goose – goose, silver – silver.EXCEPTIONS: wooden, tin, glass.

· In adjectives and participles formed from imperfective verbs that do not have dependent words: forged, loaded, baked, gilded, smoked.EXCEPTIONS:

seen, given, done, desired, cutesy, slow, pecked, sacred, heard, arrogant.

· In adjectives with the prefix NOT-: quicklime, uninvited, uncut, unbleached, unworn. EXCEPTIONS:

unexpected, unforeseen, unheard of, unseen, unexpected, unseen.

· In short forms of passive past participles: sown, filled, set, excited.

· In short adjectives and in adverbs formed from full adjectives with -H-: confused - confused, mad - furiously, gilded - gilded, ruddy - rouge, young - yuna.

· In adjectives related to non-derivatives: crimson, green, blue, ruddy, young, and also in some other adjectives: mutton, single, pork, smart.

2. Suffix -NN- is written:

· In adjectives formed from nouns ending in -H: long, valuable, captivating, picturesque.

· In adjectives with suffixes -ONN-/-ENN-: propaganda, station, cranberry, straw.

· In adjectives formed from perfective verbs, usually with prefixes or dependent words: frozen, mowed, forged, smoked, purchased, dried in the sun. EXCEPTIONS: named brother, imprisoned father, dowry.

· In adjectives formed from verbs ending in -OVAT/EVAT: uprooted, motivated.

· In adjectives formed from nouns ending in -МЯ: nominal, seed, temporary, parietal.

· In short adjectives and adverbs formed from full adjectives with -НН-: inspired, excited, educated(those. literate).

NOTE:

1. In some cases, the spelling of adjectives with -N- or -NN- is determined by the semantics of the word.

wind have:

suffix -YAN- if they define an object powered by wind (windmill);

the suffix -EN- if they define an object containing wind (windy day, windy girl);

suffix -ENN- in all prefixes (windless, leeward, weathered).

Adjectives from the generating stem oil have:

the suffix -YAN- if they define something that is cooked in oil, or something that runs on oil (oil paint, oil pump);

suffix -EN- if they define something that is specially spread with butter (butter pancakes, butter cakes, hence Maslenitsa, this also includes the metaphorical epithet buttered eyes);

suffix -ENH- in participles and adjectives with dependent words (hands oiled with cream, oily sweatshirt).

2. It is necessary to distinguish between the forms of a short adjective and a short participle in the function of a predicate: the girl is brought up - the girl was raised by her grandmother; the woman is educated – the department was founded last year; the group is organized in all matters - the conference is organized by the department.

Questions for control:

Assignments on the topic:

Exercise 1. Form verb forms whose suffixes retain the vowel infinitive.

Depend, fold, knead, stir, deflate, roll out.

Task 2. Explain how the words in pairs differ. Using reference material, explain their spelling.

To decorate - to paint, to be late - to participate, to count - to advise, to manage - to admonish, to confess - to educate, to dance - to hum.

Task 3. Write down, highlighting spellings and grouping words into columns:

1) valid prib. present vr., 2) suffering. prib. present vr., 3) actual. prib. pr. vr., 4) suffer. prib. pr. vr. Explain the spelling of words according to the diagram (see "Reference Material").

creeping, barking, barking, chasing, noticing, noticed, kneaded (in dough) - kneaded (dough), sawing, piercing, struggling, developed, cherished, pumped out (oil from a barrel) - pumped out (from a barrel barrel), provided, hung (in the gallery of paintings), hung (a kilogram of sugar), traveled, well-trodden, fanned, provided, healing, adhesive, glued, enduring, loving, dispelled, traveled, dependent, breathing, watering.

Task 4. Insert the missing letters and justify your choice.

A job corrected by someone, a load dropped, paths cleared; the building is about to be built...but; alarmed...by unpleasant news, crowned with laurels, scattered rays, an unnoticed friend, tangled hare tracks, leaf-strewn alleys of a coastal park, offended by someone... that girl, wasted time; the snow melted unexpectedly, without offending anyone.

Task 5. Insert the missing letters.

Nurtured, kneaded (dough), dropped, noticed, engaged, significant, studied..my, cherished, chalked. ..unpreserved, underweight (grain), underweight (curtains), independent, hated...my, offended...my, justified...my, celebrated, transferred..., shot... (deer), shot... (gun), shot... (traitors), scattered..., dispersed, heard... , creeping, dragging, dragging, lost, crowned.

Task 6. Explain the difference in spelling of words in paired phrases.

The woman is smart and educated. - The commission was formed the other day.

The children were inattentive and absent-minded. - The troops were scattered throughout the forest. He says depressed. “The uprising was suppressed.” The decision was hasty and ill-considered. - The decision has not been thought through by anyone. Sauerkraut is cabbage fermented for the winter. Unmown meadow. - Mowed meadow. Come to a dinner party. - Uninvited guests. sworn brother. - Named after you. Windy day. - Calm day.

Remember:uninvited n oh, name n oh, unseen nn oh, unheard of nn oh, unexpectedly nn oh bad luck nn O

Task 7. Replace the dots with the missing letters. Explain why in some cases we write N,in others - NN.

Bee...honey, wheat...porridge, with condensed...milk, oil...stain; painting, rice:... with oil paints; a clay vase, a wooden building, located in a guest...ice, noticeable shortcomings, a rye...field sown, a meadow not yet mown, some sort of ...things hanging...in the wardrobe...about the target...harvest, the girl is very educated...and, far away...draw a broken line, silver and gold... jewelry, a wounded man, a seriously wounded fighter, at dawn.

This note is addressed to those who still have not learned how to determine how many letters n write in one word or another. Or those who reread the rules for the tenth time and cannot understand them. Brew yourself tea, make sandwiches. The conversation will be serious.

How to reduce the likelihood of correct spelling

Easily. Write at random or because it looks so “beautiful”. Or the first and second at the same time.

How to increase the likelihood of correct spelling

Don't be lazy and don't skip any of the points in the algorithm. Only then will you master the skill of determining the number of letters n in a word to the point of automatism.

Aerobatics - determining the quantity n on the run.

You can, but not right away.

Sequencing

To begin with, we always determine the part of speech. This must be done according to the question that we ask by the way.

• Noun - Who? What?
• Adjective - Which?
  • Short adjective - what?
• Adverb - How?
• Participle - Which?
  • Short participle - what?
• Verbal adjective - Which?

You already have a question: how to distinguish between those parts of speech that answer the same question?

Adjectives and participles

An adjective is formed from a noun, and a participle is formed from a verb.

Long- it's an adjective because it answers a question Which? and derived from the noun length.

Strewn- this is a participle because it answers a question Which? and is derived from the verb put to sleep.

By the way, participles also have characteristic suffixes. In the forms of the present tense: -ush-, -yush-, -ash-, -yash-, -eat-, -om-, -im-. In the past tense forms: -vsh-, -sh-, -in-, -t-, -enn-, -yonn-, -nn-. These suffixes are used as an additional check to see if you have identified the part of speech correctly.

Participles and verbal adjectives

Now we have another problem: both participles and verbal adjectives are formed from a verb. Both answer the question Which?. How to distinguish them?

Firstly, the verbal adjective is formed from an imperfective verb, and the participle is formed from a perfective verb.

How to determine the type of a verb? Easily. If he answers the question what to do?, then the form is imperfect (indicates an unfinished action). If he answers the question what to do?, then the perfect form (denotes a completed action).

Secondly, verbal adjectives do not have dependent words.

A dependent word is a word that can be asked a question from the main word.

Try to determine for yourself which of these words is a participle and which is a verbal adjective: a solved problem, a loaded car.

Answer. Solved- participle. Here are all the arguments: it answers the question Which?; derived from the verb decide; this verb is perfect because it answers a question what to do?.

Loaded- verbal adjective. And here's why: answers the question Which?; derived from the verb load; this verb is imperfect because it answers a question what to do?; there are no dependent words.

In order for a verbal adjective to become a participle, it is enough to do one of two things:

1. Add a dependent word.
   A car loaded with people. Loaded by whom?- a person. Now this is a sacrament.
2. Change the form of the verb.
   Loaded car. Derived from the verb download which answers the question what to do? and therefore refers to the perfect form.

Short adjectives and short participles

The sequence of actions is as follows:

1. Realized that the word answers the question what?.
2. We think from what full form the word is formed.
3. We determine the part of speech of the full form (read the differences between adjectives and participles above).

Here is a table for clarity.

Hooray. Now we know which part of speech our word belongs to.

Applying the rules

Look how simple it is once we know the part of speech:

We also write two letters n in participles with suffixes -ova- And -Eve-.

In a word asphalted we write nn, because there is a suffix -ova-.

Make sure that -ova- or -Eve- They were just suffixes. In words forged And chewed there are no such suffixes. They have roots cov- And chew-. These words contain one letter n, because they belong to verbal adjectives.

You also need to remember the words: unexpected, unexpected, seen, unseen, seen, read, heard, unheard, desired. Just remember them.

It remains to deal with adjectives, nouns and adverbs.

In adjectives and nouns we write one n only in one case: if there is a suffix -en-, -yan-, -in-: leather en oh, silver yang oh, chickens in oh, sand en ik. Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.

We write in adjectives nn in the following cases:

1. In suffixes -he N-, -enn-: station he N oh, time enne y.
2. If a word is formed from a noun whose stem ends in -n: tuma nn y.
   Pay special attention to the second point. Without it you would write in the word fog one letter n, since there is a suffix -en-. But this word has no suffix -en-! Why? Because -an- is part of the root. The word is formed from a noun fog, the stem of which ends in n. Adjectives are written by analogy pocket, long, citric and many others. Don't forget about this rule.

Words windy, buttery, oil are not adjectives, since they are formed from verbs: wind, oil. Here everything works according to the rules of verbal adjectives and participles. Or just remember that these three words are spelled with the same letter n. In other cases, already with two (wind n oh, no wind nn y).

OK. What about short adjectives?

Everything is simple here: they contain the same number of letters n, how many and in full.

What about adverbs?

It's the same story here. We write the same amount n, how much is in the word from which the adverb is formed.

Slowly- an adverb because it answers a question How?. Derived from an adjective slow. In this adjective we write nn in the suffix -enn-, so we write it the same way in adverbs.

Attention! An adverb can be formed not only from an adjective, but also from other parts of speech. For example, confusing to explain. The logic here is tricky. Adverb confusing derived from the word confused, which is a verbal adjective (answers the question Which?; no dependent words; derived from an imperfective verb confuse). Because the confused is a verbal adjective, then in it we write one n. And if so, then we write the same amount in the adverb that is derived from it.

A little exercise. Explain the production n-nn in a sentence.

Pickled mushrooms, fried sausage, buttered rye cakes, condensed milk, beef liver, baked potatoes rolled a little in ashes, and a sip of a drink infused with some outlandish drug will seem delicious in the fresh air for the most sophisticated gourmet.

Spelling –Н- and –НН- in suffixes of various parts of speech

This activity requires knowledge of how words are formed!

Clue. You can find information about them in task B1.

Rule.

Depending on the part of speech, the rule is divided into three parts.

Full adjectives and participles.

Remember! Both parts of speech in the initial form answer the question: Which?

Remember!

Distinguish!

Short adjectives and participles.

To cope with this part of the rule, you need to know the signs of each part of speech.

Nouns and adverbs.

There are as many N written in adverbs as in the words from which they were formed:

looked beshe?o - beshe?yy (see part No. 1 of the rule: formed from the verb to enrage the imperfect form, without the prefix and suffixes -OVA/-EVA = besheNy = besheNo)

Remember!

Before you apply a rule, see if this word is an exception! These include:

MosheNNik harderNIR

tribeNNik pridaNoh

putNNIR

YesNNIR

lawlessnessNNitza

Algorithm of actions.

1. Determine what part of speech are the words in which –Н- or –НН- are missing. This is necessary in order to know which part of the rule to use.

2. Remember if this word is an exception.

3. Think about what word the words being analyzed are formed from.

4. Determine the spelling according to the rule.

Analysis of the task.

Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers in whose place NN is written?

His manners were not simple, but rather sophisticated. In the labyrinth of crooked, narrow and feeble streets, people were always sneaking around. The drivers argued with the loaders that the car was underloaded (3).

1) 1,2 2) 1,3 3) 1,2,3 4) 1

Manners are (what?) sophistication(1). This is a short adjective as it can be replaced with the full form exquisite. Determine the spelling of the full form: exquisite derived from the verb find, in which there is a prefix from-. Thus, we write two NNs in both full and short form.

Weak(2)th (which?) streets. This is a full adjective formed from an imperfective verb pave. The prefix ne- does not affect the spelling, there are no suffixes –OVA/-EVA, and there are no dependent words either. We write one N.

The machine is underloaded (3) (what has been done?). This is a short participle because it can be replaced with a verb underloaded. In short participles one N is written.

Thus, the correct option is answer No. 4.

Practice.

1. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers in whose place NN is written?

The house stood somewhat away from the forest; its walls here and there were renovated (1) with fresh wood, the windows were painted (2) white, a small porch on the side, decorated (3) with carvings, still smelled of resin.

First you need to understand in what form worth the adjective:

Then you need to find out from what part of speech word formed: from noun or from verb.

Tasks and tests on the topic “Spelling “n” and “nn” in adjectives and participles”

• Spelling participles - Communion 7th grade

  Lessons: 3 Assignments: 12 Tests: 1

• Spelling of participles, participial phrase

  Lessons: 4 Assignments: 11 Tests: 2

• Spelling adjectives - Adjective 6th grade

  Lessons: 5 Assignments: 10 Tests: 1

• Adjective as part of speech - Morphology. Independent parts of speech grade 10