Why has the love for jam gone? Why did Ivan Vasilyevich fall out of love with Varenka? based on the story After the Ball (Lev N. Tolstoy)

The story "After the Ball" was written in 1903. Can a person manage himself, improve himself - or is it all about the environment, circumstances that are always stronger than our intentions? - these are the questions that the author invites readers to reflect on. According to the writer's intention, the reader should try to answer these questions; there is no deliberately ready-made answer in the story, because ready-made answers are of little use. The story is structured in such a way that the reader himself searches for answers and, having found them, accepts them with conviction, making them his life rules.

The composition of the story is quite complex - it is a story in a story, the story is built on opposition, antithesis. And the main character, Ivan Vasilievich, acts as a narrator. A joyful ball full of happy excitement. This is how the story begins. It is here that all the feelings of the protagonist are presented in superlatives.

His love for Varenka is transferred by him to all people and even objects. With his characteristic sincerity, Ivan Vasilievich tells that he was a cheerful and lively fellow and lived, as is typical of youth: he studied and had fun, loved champagne, skiing from the mountains, and especially evenings and balls. But love, as if on wings, raised him. “Just as it happens that after one drop poured out of a bottle, its contents pour out in large jets, so in my soul love for Varenka freed all the ability of love hidden in my soul. I hugged the whole world at that time with my love. The feelings of the hero may even seem a little funny, because they are directed at everyone who falls into the field of view of his happy eyes.

But at the same time, love helped the hero of the story to change his whole life. What happened? First there was a ball. A brightly lit hall, good-natured and hospitable hosts, wonderful music, festively minded, beautiful people. The Colonel is dancing with his daughter. “The graceful figure of Varenka floated near him, imperceptibly shortening or lengthening the steps of her satin legs in time.

I not only admired, but looked at them with enthusiastic tenderness. But then this bright and happy picture is replaced by a completely opposite description. Foggy, gray morning.

At the dead end, Ivan Vasilyevich saw "something big and black" and heard the sounds of a flute and a drum coming from there. “In my soul I sang all the time and occasionally heard the motive of the mazurka. But it was some other, tough, bad music.” And now a terrible, unbearable picture of execution opens up: “Twitching with his whole body, slapping his feet on the melted snow, the punished under the blows falling on him from all sides moved towards me, then tipping back - and then the non-commissioned officers who led him by the guns pushed him forward, then falling forward - and then the non-commissioned officers, keeping him from falling, pulled him back. And the hero of the story with horror recognizes in the man who directs the punishment, the father of his beloved.

Only the attitude of Ivan Vasilievich and the colonel to what is happening is different. The Colonel does not feel the monstrous incompatibility between what happened at the ball and what he does after the ball. He treats both the execution of the mazurka with his daughter and the execution of the sentence to the soldier equally seriously and conscientiously.

True, the colonel is unpleasant that Ivan Vasilievich, his daughter's possible fiancé, saw him in the role of the head of the execution: "Pretending that he does not know me, he, frowning menacingly and angrily, hastily turned away." It can be assumed that even in a person who has fully convinced himself of the need for such actions, something inside is vaguely opposed to butchery. But confidence in one's right to dispose of other people's lives, official zeal suppress this vague feeling. Ivan Vasilyevich is another matter. With his kindness, high and bright love, he was prepared to feel the horror and shame of what was happening.

Without realizing it, the hero of the story condemned and rejected the evil that was done "with such confidence and recognized by all as necessary." Moreover, Ivan Vasilyevich felt himself responsible for the cruelty and inhumanity that had become familiar, everyday. Shocked by what he saw, Ivan Vasilievich is not able to understand why this is possible, why there are orders, for the protection of which sticks are needed.

He tries to convince himself that the colonel knows something that allows him to torture others without suffering. But Ivan Vasilievich is not able to live the way a colonel lives, the way many people who serve the executioner system live ... Tolstoy draws his hero as an ordinary person who managed to avoid an ordinary road.

Ivan Vasilyevich just moved away from the abomination, which was not even considered an abomination in his circle, was legalized, encouraged from above, allowed to make a career. The fate of the modest and unpretentious decent man depicted by Tolstoy reflected a phenomenon whose significance is not immediately revealed, but, in fact, is very great and does not decrease, but increases in the course of human history.

The shock experienced by Ivan Vasilyevich freed him from narrow class morality, with its legalized inhumanity in relation to the lower: he began to understand the Tatar's plea for mercy, compassion and anger, sounding in the words of a blacksmith; without realizing it, he shares the highest human laws of morality.

8th grade

Literature

Creativity of writers of the 19th century

Work instructions

The running time is 35 minutes.

Write the work in a notebook, write the answer to each task on a new line.

Tasks of the 1st part of the test require either the choice of an answer or the correlation of data.

For each correct answer - 1 point

If you encounter difficulties, you can skip the task and return to it at the end of the work.

Tasks of the 2nd part require the recording of the answer. Don't forget to include the job number.

Each correct answer is 2 points.

Part 3 of the work consists of a detailed answer to one of the questions of your choice.

The answer is evaluated from 1 to 5 points (content, logical presentation, literacy are evaluated).

After completing the work, be sure to check your answers.

Maximum score -45

Mark "5" - 45-42 points

Mark "4" - 41-34 points

Mark "3" - 35-23 points

Mark "2" - less than 23 points

Look through all the tasks, do you understand everything.

I wish you success!

Test

1 part

1. Match the writers and the works they wrote:

1.N.S. Leskov A) "About love"

2.N. V. Gogol B) "Overcoat"

3.L.N. Tolstoy B) "History of a city"

4. A.P. Chekhov D) "After the ball"

5.M.E. Saltykov - Shchedrin D) "Old Genius"

2. Determine the theme of the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri"

A) the historical past of Georgia

B) a story about monastic life

C) a person's desire for freedom

D) Fight for the freedom of their homeland.

3. The main character in N.V. Gogol's comedy "The Government Inspector" is:

A) auditor

B) mayor

B) laugh

D) Khlestakov

4. Khlestakovism is:

A) the desire to appear significant, without any reason, bragging;

B) the desire to dress fashionably;

C) the ability to care for ladies;

D) the pursuit of ranks.

5. The chapter "On the Root of the Origin of the Foolovites" from the "History of a City" is written as a parody of :

A) romance

B) chronicle

B) epic

D) a fairy tale

6. How did Ivan Vasilyevich's love for Varenka end in the story "After the Ball"?

A) marriage

B) young people broke up, love came to naught

C) Ivan Vasilyevich fell in love with another woman

D) a wedding

7. Match the definitions and the concept

1. Zvyazka A) the sequence of parts and elements of the work

2. Climax B) the moment of occurrence or discovery of the conflict

3. Plot B) figurative means of language

4. Epithet D) sequence of events

5. Composition E) intentional interweaving of the real and the fantastic

6. Hyperbole E) exaggeration in order to give expressiveness

7. Grotesque G) the moment of the highest tension in the development of events

8. Match the title of the works and the names of the characters

Varenka A) "About love"

Thief-innovator B) "Auditor"

Luganovich Anna Alekseevna V) "After the ball"

Nadenka G) "The history of one city"

Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky D) "Old genius"

Akaki Akakievich Bashmachkin E) "Joke"

Serbian fighter F) "Overcoat"

part 2

A) "Take care of honor from a young age"

B) “There is nothing to blame on the mirror, if the face is crooked”

C) "Eating, taste a little honey, and now I die"

D) "A genius does not have years - he overcomes everything that stops ordinary minds."

10 Indicate from which works (title and author) excerpts are taken:

A) It was, in her words, "an outrageous case." The thing was that, out of her kindness and simplicity of heart, purely from one participation, she rescued one high-society dandy out of trouble - by laying her house for him, which was the entire property of the old woman and her immovable, crippled daughter and granddaughter. The house was mortgaged at fifteen thousand, which the dandy took in full, with the obligation to pay in the shortest possible time.

B) But somehow our father, father Ivan, came and drank all my liqueurs in one sitting; and Vestnik Evropy also went to the priests, because in the summer, especially during mowing, I did not have time to get to bed and fell asleep in a shed, in a sledge, or somewhere in a forest lodge - what kind of reading is there?

C) According to the law, so to speak, I did not dance the mazurka with her, but in reality I danced almost all the time with her. She, not embarrassed, walked straight to me across the hall, and I jumped up without waiting for an invitation, and she thanked me with a smile for my ingenuity. When we were brought up to her and she did not guess my quality, she, offering her hand not to me, shrugged her thin shoulders and smiled at me as a token of pity and consolation. ..

G) …one official; the official cannot be said to be very remarkable, short in stature, somewhat pockmarked, somewhat reddish, somewhat even blind in appearance, with a slight bald spot on his forehead, with wrinkles on both sides of his cheeks and a complexion that is called hemorrhoidal.

part 3

13. Give a detailed answer to one of the questions

What artistic technique underlies the construction of the story "After the Ball"? Prove it.

Describe Alyokhin from the story "About Love". Why didn't the happiness of the heroes work out?

Which work of the reviewed work did you like the most? Why?

Key to the test

1 part

1-d, 2-b, 3-d, 4-c, 5-c

2-in

3-in

4-a

5 B

6 - b

B, 2 - g, 3 - d, 4 - c, 5 - a, 6 - e, 7 - d

1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-e, 5-b, 6-g, 7-e

part 2

9 a - A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

9b - N.V. Gogol "Inspector"

9c - M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri"

9g - Leskov "Old genius"

10 a- Leskov "Old Genius"

10 b- A.P. Chekhov "On Love"

10 in - L.N. Tolstoy "After the Ball"

10 Mr. N.V. Gogol "Overcoat"

Literature

Korovina V.Ya., Zhuravlev V.P., Korovin V.I. Literature. Grade 8 Proc. reader for general education. institutions. At 2 o'clock - M.: Enlightenment, 2014

Choose only ONE of the tasks below (2.1−2.4). In the answer sheet, write down the number of the task you have chosen, and then give a full detailed answer to the problematic question (in the amount of at least 150 words), attracting the necessary theoretical and literary knowledge, relying on literary works, the position of the author and, if possible, revealing your own vision of the problem. When answering a question related to lyrics, you must analyze at least 2 poems (their number can be increased at your discretion).

2.2. What a symbolic sound for the whole novel have Pugachev's words addressed to Petrusha Grinev: “God reward you for your virtue. I will never forget your favors"? (Based on the novel by A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter".)

2.4. Why did Ivan Vasilievich's love for Varenka fail? What are the real reasons that changed a person's life? (According to the story of L. N. Tolstoy "After the Ball".)

2.5. What plots from works of domestic and foreign literature are relevant to you and why? (Based on the analysis of one or two works.)

Explanation.

Commentary on essays

2.1. Do you agree with the critic’s opinion about the story “Princess Mary” (M. Yu. Lermontov “A Hero of Our Time”): does it have a “French beginning and a Russian ending”? Justify your position.

Not only in Russian, but also in world literature, Lermontov was one of the first to master the ability to capture and depict the “mental process of the emergence of thoughts,” as Chernyshevsky put it in an article about the early novels and stories of Leo Tolstoy. And if "the mental process itself, its forms, its laws, the dialectics of the soul" were fully disclosed by means of fiction later by Tolstoy, then with all the differences between Lermontov and Tolstoy, Chernyshevsky did not accidentally name the author of "A Hero of Our Time" among Tolstoy's predecessors. , who "is more developed this side of psychological analysis." Obviously, the plot of the chapter "Princess Mary" was made according to the canons of French novels of those years and the viewer expects a certain ending, but the ending breaks out of this stereotype. A non-standard hero, his attitude to what is happening, including love, is non-standard. The denouement is also non-standard: there is no happy reunion of lovers.

2.2. What a symbolic sound for the whole novel have Pugachev's words addressed to Petrusha Grinev: “God reward you for your virtue. I will never forget your favors"? (based on the novel by A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter")

The history of the relationship between Grinev and Pugachev is, first of all, a history of mercy. This story begins with mercy and ends with it. Let us recall Grinev's first meeting with Pugachev, when Grinev orders to give Pugachev his hare sheepskin coat. Savelich is amazed. And it's not just that the sheepskin coat is expensive. The gift is meaningless. “Why does he need your bunny sheepskin coat? He will drink it, the dog, in the first tavern. Yes, this youthful sheepskin coat will not fit on Pugachev's "cursed shoulders!" And Savelich is right: the sheepskin coat bursts at the seams when Pugachev puts it on... However, Pushkin writes: "The tramp was extremely pleased with my gift." It's not a matter of a sheepskin coat ... Here for the first time something else flashed between officer Grinev and the fugitive Cossack Pugachev ... Grinev's gratitude is not just gratitude. There is pity, mercy and ... respect. Respect for the person and his dignity. And the person is cold. A person should not be cold. Because he is the image of God. And we should not indifferently pass by a person who is cold, because this is blasphemy. Pugachev felt all this. Therefore, such a warm parting word to Grinev: “Thank you, your honor! God bless you for your goodness. I will never forget your favors!” And relations began between the heroes, where the highest and the lowest are one, where there is neither master nor slave, where the enemies are brothers. How can you respond to mercy, to mercy? How to measure it? Only grace and mercy.

2.3. For what and how is Akaky Akakievich punished in N.V. Gogol's story "The Overcoat"?

Gogol's Petersburg is a city striking with social contrasts. The city of poor workers, victims of poverty and arbitrariness. Such a victim is Akaky Akakievich Bashmachkin, the hero of the story "The Overcoat". Gogol characterizes Bashmachkin as a poor, ordinary, insignificant and inconspicuous person. Brought up in an atmosphere of unquestioning obedience and execution of orders from his superiors, Akaky Akakievich was not used to reflecting on the content and meaning of his work. That is why, when he is offered tasks that require the manifestation of elementary intelligence, he begins to worry, worry, and, in the end, comes to the conclusion: “No, it’s better to let me rewrite something.”

The spiritual life of Bashmachkin is just as limited and one-sided as the external one. The hero does not strive for unprecedented luxury. He is simply cold, and by rank he must appear in the department in an overcoat. The dream of sewing an overcoat on wadding becomes for the hero a likeness of a great and almost impossible task. In his system of world values, it has the same meaning as the desire of some "great man" to achieve world domination. In order, on the advice of the tailor, to save up money for a new thing, he saves: in the evenings he does not light candles, does not drink tea. But on the other hand, “he ate spiritually, carrying in his thoughts the eternal idea of ​​a future overcoat,” writes Gogol. The accumulation of money for the purchase of a new overcoat becomes for Akaky Akakievich the goal of his whole life. But a person should not be limited to such petty interests. He cannot live, satisfying only his physiological needs. This is the essence of Bashmachkin's punishment - he is deprived of the only meaning of his life, and therefore died.

2.4. Why did Ivan Vasilievich's love for Varenka fail? What are the real reasons that changed a person's life? (according to the story of L. N. Tolstoy "After the ball")

The hero-narrator from L. N. Tolstoy's story "After the Ball" had to go through one terrible morning in his life, which completely changed his whole future life, his future. At the ball, the hero admires his beloved, the whole world that surrounds him. Therefore, along with love for Varenka, the hero also loves her father, admires him. When he encounters cruelty and injustice in this world, his whole sense of harmony, the integrity of the world collapses, and he prefers not to love in any way than to love partially. I am not free to change the world, to defeat evil, but I and only I am free to agree or disagree to participate in this evil - this is the logic of the hero's reasoning. And Ivan Vasilievich deliberately refuses his love.

“After the Ball” is a short story by the great Russian writer Leo Tolstoy.

Theme of the story

Main characters:

• Ivan Vasilyevich - narrator;
• Pyotr Vladislavovich - rich chamberlain, colonel B.;
• Varenka is the daughter of a colonel.

The work begins with a dialogue between the author and the protagonist - Ivan Vasilyevich. He declares that his whole life turned upside down after one night, on the last day of Shrove Tuesday - Forgiveness Sunday. Then Ivan Vasilyevich was a student at a provincial university (then he was young, now he is over fifty).

That night and the previous evening, two events happened to him: a ball at the military commander, Pyotr Vladislavovich; another event was the terrible spectacle of the brutal beating of a Tatar soldier by the same Pyotr Vladislavovich in the morning after the ball.

Why the main character fell out of love with Varenka, and why he did not go to serve in the military

Pyotr Vladislavovich spoiled his daughter, saved on himself so that she would get the best. The proof of this was his homemade boots, which he also wore to the ball.

Love for Varenka and respect for her father, who introduced himself to Ivan Vasilyevich as a wonderful person, inspired and inspired the protagonist, it seemed to him that there was no better place in the world for these people, and therefore he was happy. But this happiness was instantly destroyed by the events after the ball.

The next morning, Ivan Vasilyevich went to the house of the family of Colonel B. and in the field saw a severe beating of a soldier who had previously tried to escape (“the Tatar is being chased for escape”). The torture was led by Pyotr Vladislavovich; he was self-confident, formidable and merciless, as if everything human had disappeared in him; his cruelty seemed unjustified to the hero.

The main character realized how two-faced Peter Vladislavovich was. Since then, his love for Varenka has waned, it has become embarrassing and unpleasant for him to see her, he realized that the outward brilliance of that family is all feigned and ostentatious. Ivan Vasilyevich also did not enter military service due to the fact that he could not accept and obey the harsh, cruel and merciless laws of the state. Perhaps they were just, but the main character could not justify them, just as he could not justify the very cruel punishment of the Tatar.

The story "After the Ball" is an excellent work, where it is not only about love, but also moral values ​​and principles. Ivan Vasilievich is a young man who burns with soul and body. He hosts a ball with admiration, where he has the honor of dancing with Varenka.

The girl really likes the hero of the story. He finds in her more and more beautiful features. Then he also meets her father, a colonel. Whoever looked at this couple, at the relationship between Ivan Vasilyich and the colonel, everyone would have promised them a long and happy life.

But the events after the ball ruined everything. The hero witnessed how Varenka's father treated the prisoner cruelly. He gave orders and watched everything that happened with pleasure. Ivan could not understand this. He felt bitter, because he was so admired by this man.

Now, when Ivan looked at Varenka, he no longer burned with those feelings.

His smile faded. He kept recalling the brutal massacre. Therefore, Ivan Vasilyevich fell out of love with Varenka. He did not marry her, because he could not cross his moral principles.

Updated: 2017-06-19

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