Goals:

1. It is developed in order to obtain initial data for calculating the elements of the construction plan (temporary buildings, water supply are calculated according to the maximum number of workers per day or per shift);

2. Calculated to assess the quality of the schedule.

The schedule of the movement of workers (GDR) is built on the same time scale as the calendar plan (KP).

Fig.41. Worker movement schedule

The schedule of the movement of workers is built for work performed in one shift or per day.

Coefficient of uneven movement of workers:

Where N max - maximum number of workers;

N cp - the average number of workers.

If different jobs are performed in a different number of shifts per day, it is necessary to calculate two N cf:

And

On the graph of the movement of workers, "peaks" are undesirable, because:

1) they testify to the irrational use of temporary amenity premises;

2) they testify to the irrational use of work fronts.

From a theoretical point of view, there are several types of work schedules:

Fig.42. Example 1

"+": a gradual increase in workers at the facility contributes to a better organization of work, the provision of materials, equipment at the construction site.

"-": buildings and structures are irrationally used.

Fig.43. Example 2

"+": temporary buildings are not idle.

"-": it is difficult to ensure the workload of all workers at the same time.

Fig.44. Example 3

It is necessary to strive for this type of schedule, because. it is optimal. However, go is difficult to implement.

Optimization of the CP in order to reduce the coefficient of unevenness K n on the GDR can be carried out by:

1) changes in the intensity of work, i.e. increase or decrease in the number of workers in the team;

2) due to a conscious shift in the timing of the start of certain types of work;

3) adjustment is possible due to unaccounted for and other works.

Fig.45. GDR adjustment for unaccounted for and other work

DESIGN OF CONSTRUCTION MASTER PLANS (CGP)

Types of SGP:

1. As part of the POS, a general site SGP on a scale of 1:500.

2. If the elements of the construction industry are located outside the construction site, a situational plan (1:5000, 1:2000);

3. As part of the PPR, a object stroygenplan (1:200), as a rule, for the preparatory and main periods.

In general, SGP is a plan for the safe organization of a construction site, which shows existing buildings, structures, communications, roads (existing, designed, being built, temporary), storage facilities, electrical facilities and other elements of the construction site.

Principles for the development of the SGP:

1) SGP solutions must meet the requirements of the production of construction and installation works and provide for the domestic needs of builders;

2) The decisions of the SGP must be rational.

a) maximum use of inventory buildings, structures, devices;

b) the length of temporary roads, communications should be minimal;

c) provide for the possibility of using an auxiliary building and structure for construction needs;

d) use temporary roads along the route of permanent ones, etc.;

3) SGP solutions must meet the requirements of the standards (safety, industrial sanitation).

Building a schedule for the movement of labor

When building a network schedule, it is necessary to provide for a uniform use of the workforce. To do this, under the network graph, we draw a graph of the change in the number of workers (the graph of the movement of labor) for each day by summing the number of workers employed in all jobs in the first shift in the vertical direction at different time intervals. According to the schedule of movement of the labor force, they judge the optimality of drawing up a calendar plan for the production of work.

To assess the correctness of the use of labor at the facility, after constructing a schedule for the movement of labor, we use the coefficient of uneven movement of workers TO ndr during the entire period of construction and installation works, determined by the formula:

where, - respectively, the main and average number of workers at the facility per day for the entire period of construction. We find the main number of workers directly on the graph of the movement of the labor force, and it corresponds to the maximum value. The average number of workers employed at the facility per day is determined by the formula:

Where k nr- coefficient taking into account absenteeism of workers for good reasons (illness, vacation, etc.); accept k=1.1;

The complexity of the work that lies on the critical path of the network,

The total duration of the construction of the object, corresponding to the duration of the critical path of the network,

Coefficient of uneven movement of workers TO ndr should not exceed 1,5 . But in this case, because of pre-made mistakes in the planning and management of construction production.

Drawing up a schedule for the movement of labor is required not only to adjust the network schedule for the construction of an object, but also to calculate the required areas of temporary buildings and structures at the construction site.

Construction of a schedule of movement of construction machines and mechanisms

The schedule of movement of construction machines and mechanisms is compiled on the basis of the data in Table. 5.1 (columns 12 and 13) and the network schedule for the production of construction and installation works at the facility (columns 7 and 8). We draw it under the schedule of the movement of the labor force with reference to the network schedule. On the graph, we show the movement of each machine at the facility in the form of a linear diagram, at the beginning of which we indicate the start date of the work of this machine at the facility, and at the end - the end date. The shift in the work of construction machines and mechanisms at the facility in the schedule of their movement is reflected in the number of parallel lines.

1. When developing a calendar plan, it is necessary to strictly observe the technological sequence and organizational interconnection of work based on progressive methods of work production and the use of modern equipment, fixtures and tools.

2. Between the performance of individual works, it is necessary to provide for organizational and technological breaks (hardening of concrete when sealing joints, drying plaster, etc.).

3. It is necessary to ensure the continuity of the performance of certain types of work on the basis of the correct selection of the qualification and quantitative composition of the teams.

4. The performance of special works (sanitary, electrical, etc.) must be organizationally and technologically linked to the performance of general construction work. The deadlines for performing special work are determined based on the calculated labor intensity of their implementation (Table 4). Dividing the labor intensity of work by their duration, determine the required number of workers employed daily in the performance of each type of special work.

All works to be performed are grouped into complexes with the obligatory condition that they will be carried out by one team (for example, frame installation, finishing work, etc.). You cannot combine work performed by different organizations (for example, plumbing and electrical). After determining the main work packages, an initial table is compiled to determine the network schedule (Table 5).

The duration of individual processes carried out with the help of large construction machines (mounting cranes, bulldozers, excavators, scrapers) is determined by the productivity of the machines when working in two shifts.

The duration of all other technological processes is determined by the optimal number of workers who can be assigned to perform this work, taking into account the technology and composition of the links recommended by the ENiR when working in one shift.

Table 5

Distribution of the number of people by type of work

We take the number of workers from the ENiRs for construction and installation work.

Schedule of movement of workers on the site

The schedule of the movement of workers around the facility is built in the form of a diagram of the movement of human resources with the definition of the daily need for labor resources.

The plot is drawn with two lines:

Solid - the required number of labor resources per shift;

Dash-dotted line - the required number of labor resources per day.

The diagram of the movement of human resources on the object is drawn based on the link to the calendar for the execution of work at an early date.

The diagram should be uniform without obvious "dips" and "tops", the periods should be clearly visible on it:

Construction deployment;

steady construction;

Construction collapse.

The dotted line on the diagram shows the average number of workers.

Technical and economic indicators

line graph

Table 6

PART 2. Development of an object construction master plan

Stroygenplan(SGP) is called the master plan of the site, which shows the arrangement of the main assembly and lifting mechanisms, temporary buildings, structures and installations erected and used during the construction period, as well as on-site roads, temporary engineering networks.

There are two types of building plans:

A) general site construction plan- is developed by a design organization for a complex of buildings or structures;

b) object building plan- is developed by a construction organization at a separately constructed facility.

In the course project, an object construction plan is being developed.

The initial data for the development of an object building plan in the course project are:

1) the calendar plan for the construction of the facility, developed in part 1 of the course project;

2) the schedule for the receipt of building structures and materials at the facility;

3) specification of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, basic building materials and structures;

4) the schedule of movement of the main construction machines;

5) safety solutions;

6) selection of work methods and basic construction machines.

Development order

object building plan

The initial data in the development of the construction plan in the PPR are:

Stroygenplan as part of the POS;

A calendar plan for the production of work on an object or a comprehensive network schedule;

The need for labor resources and the schedule for the movement of workers around the facility;

Schedule of receipt of building structures, products, materials and equipment at the facility;

Schedule of movement of the main construction machines around the facility;

Safety solutions;

Solutions for the arrangement of temporary engineering networks with their power sources;

The need for energy resources;

List of inventory buildings, structures, installations and temporary devices with the calculation of the need and linking them to the sections of the construction site;

Fire fighting measures.

The graphic part of the building plan is performed in the following sequence:

1. Draw the construction area (scale 1:200 or 1:500), show the building under construction on it, indicating the installation area and temporary fencing of the construction site (see Fig. 9).

The construction site is fenced along the perimeter at a distance of at least 2 m from the edge of the carriageway, temporary buildings and structures, warehouses. A gate with the inscriptions "Entry" and "Departure" is installed in the fence.

2. Mounting cranes are tied with an indication of the area of ​​​​the crane, the zone of dispersion of the load.

3. Design temporary roads and storage areas for materials, products, structures and equipment.

4. Outside the cargo dispersion zone, design the location of temporary inventory buildings and structures, taking into account fire safety requirements, closed warehouses, sheds.

5. Indicate the location of temporary electrical networks and temporary water supply networks with their binding to power sources.

6. On the building plan indicate all the dimensions of permanent and temporary buildings and structures, storage areas, roads, areas of operation of cranes, communications and their binding.

7. Calculate and draw the technical and economic indicators of the construction plan.

Choice of erection crane

According to technical specifications

When choosing cranes according to technical parameters, it is recommended to use books:

Boom self-propelled cranes: Ref. / HE. Krasavina et al. Ivanovo, 1996;

Tower construction cranes: Ref. / HE. Krasavina et al. Ivanovo, 2001.

The initial data for the selection of a mounting crane are:

Dimensions and space-planning solution of buildings and structures;

Parameters and working position of mounted loads;

Method and technology of installation; working conditions.

When determining the technical parameters of cranes (load capacity, boom reach and lifting height), basic models and their modifications with various types of interchangeable equipment are considered:

Boom, caterpillar with various jibs (for buildings 1-5 floors high);

Tower with beam and lifting arrows (for buildings with a height of more than 5 floors).

Mounting mechanism selection

Boom and crawler crane option

The choice of a crane is made in the following sequence:

1) determine the weight of the heaviest element for the erected building or structure;

2) determine the required working reach of the boom while maintaining the carrying capacity;

3) determine the required lifting height of the load;

4) a cross-section of a building or structure is drawn strictly on a scale, indicating the necessary parameters for selecting a crane
(see Fig. 2).

5) according to the technical characteristics given in App. 19–21, satisfying the calculated data, select the brand of the crane.

On fig. 1 the following designations are indicated:

H P - the required height of the element;

Lktr - the required reach of the boom;

h 1 - the height of the building being mounted from the base of the crane;

h 2 - the distance from the top mark of the building to the mounted load;

h 3 - the height of the mounted element;

h 4 - the height of the lifting devices (2 ÷ 4.5 m in the general case or
6.5 ÷ 9.5 m for traverses during the installation of trusses, beams and multi-tier suspension of slabs);

R P.P. - the radius of the crane turntable, determined by the crane passport (for example, for the MKG-16M crane - 3650 mm, for the SKG-40/63 crane - 4000 mm, for KB-100.OS - 3500 mm, KB-160.2 - 3800 mm);

l WITHOUT. - safe distance to the protruding part of the building (l WITHOUT. \u003d 0.7 - with a height of the protruding part up to 2 m; l WITHOUT. \u003d 0.4 - with a height of the protruding part more than 2 m);

In ZD. - the width of the designed building or structure;

L is the maximum working reach of the crane boom.

When choosing mounting cranes, it is necessary to determine the required mounting characteristics for each of the mounted elements:

mounting weight Q m;

Required hook reach L ktr;

· the required lifting height of the hook H ktr;

The choice of the crane is made according to the heaviest mounting element. This is the foundation slab FP1 - 3.168 tons.

The smallest boom reach and the required lifting height of the load will be determined graphically (Fig. 2). A cross-section of the building is drawn strictly on a scale, indicating the necessary parameters for selecting a crane. On fig. 2 shows the highest mounted structure - the roof slab.

Required mounting specifications:

Q m \u003d 3.168 t;

H ktr \u003d 11.62 m;

L ktr \u003d 12.5 m.

According to technical and economic indicators, a crawler crane of the RDK 160-2 brand was selected:

Arrow - 18 m;

Load capacity 10 t.

Rice. 1. Crawler crane

Rice. 2. Crane RDK 160-2

After drawing up a construction schedule, schedules for the movement of workers are drawn under it (table 9), delivery of building structures, products, materials and equipment to the facility (table 10) and the movement of the main construction machines around the facility (table 11). In an effort to draw up a uniform schedule for the movement of workers, it is forbidden to violate the technology of construction production, processes, as well as safety rules. If the schedule does not meet the above requirements, it is subject to adjustment, while changing the timing of the work or the number of workers for individual work. Graphs are linear, the main specialties, materials, machines are accepted.

Table 9

Table 10

Schedule of delivery to the object of building structures, products,

materials and equipment

Schedule of movement of the main construction machines on the object

Table 11

Determining the need for basic building structures, materials and products. Determination of the need for an object is carried out on the basis of a bill of quantities (table 5), taking into account the consumption of structures, materials or products according to the norms per unit of work in accordance with RESN or other norms, taking into account the calculations performed.

The data are entered into the statement of need for building structures, products and materials (Table 12).

Table 12

The need for building structures, products and materials

5.2.5. Technical and economic indicators according to the calendar plan

Duration of construction, year, month;

Total labor intensity of work, man-days;

The labor intensity of erection per 1 m 3 of the building, man-days / m 3

q= Q about /Q

Where Q- construction volume of the building, m 3

Q about - total labor intensity of work on the facility, man-days.

Labor productivity,%

The coefficient of uneven movement of workers, K p

The coefficient of uneven movement of workers is determined by the ratio of the maximum number of workers according to the calendar schedule to the average per day and should not exceed 1.5-2.

TO n = N max / N Wed , N Wed = Q about /T etc

Coefficient of combination of processes, K s

TO With =  T With /T etc

where T c is the total duration of all construction processes, if they were performed sequentially,

T pr - the duration of the construction of the facility according to the schedule of days;

Worker movement schedule at the construction site - a special schedule that is developed in order to understand the real number of people,

working at the construction site, it is necessary to pay attention to the calendar plan and take the number of working people down the columns.

For example, one day simultaneously roofing and finishing work is underway, which means that it is necessary to add up the number of people employed in the first and second jobs. These amounts must be clearly displayed. For this, there is work schedule at the construction site.

When compiling it, you must be guided by the following rules. Firstly, it is important to correctly draw up a calendar plan to eliminate jumps in the schedule of movement of workers. Secondly, it is necessary to review the smooth start and completion of construction. The correctness of the calendar plan is checked by identifying the maximum and average number of people involved in construction for the entire period.

If work schedule compiled incorrectly, the coefficients will reveal this. Thanks to the work schedule, you can see how many workers are involved on a given day. It is also taken into account when